LIBRARY

UNIVERSITY OF
CAUFOBNW

SAN DIEGO

3 1822 00137 7514

Oversize

Lives and Characters

of the

Eminent Writers

of the

Scots Nation

George Mackenzie

'/

Volume III

Garland Publishing, Inc., New York

1971

Bibliographical note:

this facsimile has been made from a

copy in the Yale Utiiversity Library

(IbSO tP708J

Library of Congress Catalog Card Number: 73-1 13180

Printed in U.S.A.

THE

LIVES and CHARACTERS

Of the moft Eminent

W R I T E R S

SCOTS NATION;

WITH

An Abftrad 6c Catalogue of their WORI{S,
Their various EDITIONS ;

AND

The Judgment of the LEARN'D concer-
ning them.

B Y

George Mackenzie?

cM- 2). Fellozu of the Royal College of Phyficians /« Edinburgh.

V Q~L. IlL

Si ad Njturam eximicim Erudttio accejfcrit, turn demum fingulare

qtioddam exiflere debet. Cic. pro Arch. Poet.
Mthi qmdem. nullt fatts erndttt %>identMr^ ambus noftra ifnota funt

Id. dc Finib. Lib. i. J & ) •

Nunquam Stygias jtrtur ad umbras

Jnclyta virtus. Sencc. Hcrcul. Seen. 8. A<5t 5.

EDINBVRGH:

Printed by mUUm Mams Junior, MDCCXXII.

T O

JOHN LAW, €tm

H I S Work was defign'd.to appear undi:r Your Pro-
te(ftion, when the Eyes of ^llEttrope were upon
You, and when both fVhi^ and Tory were offer-
ing up the Incenfe of their Praifes to Your Merit :
But they np fooner perceived the Wheel of Pro-
vidence to turn, but they altered their Encomi-
ums to bitter Inve(5tives. As the Roman Hiftoriah Saluji obferves,
(a) Fortune prevails in every Thing ; it exalteth or deprefles our
Fame and Reputation, not according to the Rules of Reafon and
Juftice, but according to the unaccountable Caprices and Whims
of Mankind : Yet it is not in the Power of Fortune, either to give
or take away from the Souls of Great Men, thofe bright and fhin-
ing Qualities they are endued with. And 'tis nowife furprizing»
to any Man that has but the lejift Knowledge in the Affairs of the
World, to obfervc the daily Viciflitudes and Changes that happen
in iL So that what Pli/r^ the Younger fays of himfelf (^), we may
all apply to our felves, cfpecially in this Age wc live in.

" When (f^i he) I reflc(5l upon the Changes that happened in

my Time; if I compute them by the Years of my Life, they are

not many, but if I calculate them by the Variety of their Events,

" they wou'd feem to require feveral Ages: Which fhou'd teach us

[' to defpair of nothing, nor to put our Truft in any Thing.

Now, SIR, as it was not any mercenary Motive that mov'd me
to addrefs You by my Letter of the 30 of Novtmbtr, 171 9, where-

•l in

«(

(j) Fortau Piokilttcm, ladoSrum, *1u^m uTw boaai, at^K ittt »t^t cnpcr* ru^f ure fottt S*l. B</.. 7.^;.
(i) S< ninpaio aaooi, tiirauki itapgi; (i ri«H >«'■■, •tub puW : Qjf*4 po(«R rCl 4ociUB(oc* inKil ic<i>curr, nul-
liri ru bUtt. tlif. Lib 4. \f, t^.

in I begg'd the Honour of Your Patronage to this Work ; but the
real Value I had for Your extraordinary Accomplifhmcnts, that had
then defervedly gained You the Efteem of all Ettrope : So this is
only to let the World know, how proud I am of Publi/hing the
Lives of the lUurtrious Perfons of our Nation, under the Patronage
of One of Them, who, by His fole Merit, had raifed Himfclf to
be the Firft Minifter of State, not only in a Foreign Kingdom, but
in one of the moll; polite and powerful Nations in Earope ; and whofe
Knowledge in all the Parts of Literature, defervedly claims the
Patronage of a Work of this Nature. And 1 hope, SIRy how mean
foever \he Performance may \)C in it felf, You'll be pleas'd to Ac-
cept of It, as the outmofl Teftimony of the Love and Refpe<51: of,

SIR,

Tour mof HumbUr

and Obedient Servant^

George Mackenzie.

THE

THE

PREFACE

\HIS Work, which fiould have been Publtfhed [omt
Tears ago, xvas fioft by the CaUmtties and Troubles
that arofe in the Country immediately after the Print-
ing of my Propofals ; and fince 1 hanje had my
large Share in thefe affidftng Dtfpenfations of the 2)/-
vtne Providence, J hope 'tzvtU be {ujiained as an At-
onement for my Fault, if that can be reckoned one tn
me whtch v^as but the Confequence of a public Calamity. And now
fince It has pleafed God to enable me to perform n^ Tromtje, tf This
(hall meet with as favourable a Reception from the Public as the Two
former Volumes have met with, (o that I may thereby be enabled to
defray the Charges of the Prefs, I pall willingly undergo the Toil and
Labour of fimjhing thts "Undertaking by bringing it down to our own
Times: But if ctherwife, I fhall refljatisfied, m Hopes that fome
one or other may undertake the Task, that is every way better qualified
for it than 1 am.

Since the Publifhing of my II. Volume, / have feen the' Accounts
that two fournaltfis have given oftt: The Firfi is Monficur de la
Roche, in the II. Volume of his Memoirs of Literature {a) for the
Month of February, 1 7 1 1. And the Other is by the Jduires o/"Tre-
vaux, in their Memoirs for the Month o/" March (b) 171 2. The
Ftrjl of thefe has given juch an impartial Account of my Defign and
Performance, that I have not Jo much as the Shadow of an Ob'jtifion
to make- again ft it; but on the contrary, I think my felf here beunld to
make my outmoft Acknowledgment to that Learn' d Gentleman fmfhe
great Honour that he has done me. But the Jefuites of Trcvaux hi^-ye
mt given the Public juch a favourable Imprefsion of my Vnderta-
kmg : They have indeed given a very obliging Account of my Come-
dure concerning the Peopling of Scotland from Scandinavia, and of
Ireland, from Scotland. zJnd here I muft acquaint the Reader,
That J lately found in the Scaligerana (c) a very flrong'Argun.cnt
for ftrengthning of this Conjet^ure ; for thts Prodigy of Lc^'nitng,

a frvm

(«) Pjge4i,— ^4*. (i) Article 4>. P"ge 5J'. }»» (0 Sciligcuna, I .ge inil'i i»6.

11

The PREFACE.

from his immenfe Rendingy informs us, Tloat the ancient Language
of the Danes and Irifh was the fame; •' Les Irlandois & Ics Danois
" parloicnc autrelciis mic mcmc Language ". But to return to our
Learned Journalifls: They f Ay, " That I acknowledge, with Reafon,
" that 1 have a great C)bligarion to Mr. Du Pin, who alone fiirni-
" [hcd Materials tor this 1. Volume ; tor fince the moft part ot the
*' learned Men ot which he fpeaks (fays he) are Theologues, he
*' has found in this Ecclelkftical Bibliothec, all that was requisite to
" fay of them to any Purpofe : But he does not tell us how lie found
*' an infinite Number ot Things in the fame Bibliothec, altogether
" extraneous to his SubjetfY, by which he has enlarged his J. Vo-
" Imne : For, to wiiat Purpole was it t6 give us the Hiftory of the
*' Pelagians, lUe yirrians^ the Jconoclajls, ihe Predeflinarians ^ ^c.
•' And what Conncdl:ion is there betwixt the Lite of a Learned
" Scotfman, and the Hidory of oAbaillard and Helotfe ? ^c. {a)

'T/5 nitry ivell known in the Republic of Letters, what a Spite and
Malice that Society in general bore to this illuflrious 1)o6ior of the Sor-
bon : vind for me to have mentioned htm with Honour^ was fuffi-
cicnt to have brought me under the Lafh of their Cenfure ; but if thefe
miifhty Vmpires of Learning had been pleajed to reprefent to the Pub-
lic my Defi^n, zvith the fame Candor and Ingenuity that Montieur
de la Roche has done, they would not have had the lea ft Ground of
an Objedion again fl me : " For (fays he) (a) to give the Readers a
" juft Notion of this Work, I mull obferve, That they will find in
" It a prodigious Number of Things hardly to be expeded in a
" Colledf ion of this Nature. The Author, not contented to give
" us the Hiftory ot the Scots Writers, an Abftracff and Catalogue
" of their Works, an Account of their various Editions, and
" the Judgment of the Learned concerning them; he has alto
" thought tit tp infert a great many Digrctlions, and to treat occa-
« lionally of fevcral Subjects, whereby this Work will be the more
" ufeful to the Reader. Whenever he finds an Author engaged in
" a Controverfy of any Moment, he gives a compendious Account
" of that Controverfy, from its Rife to the Time of that Author :
<' Havin^T obferved, That Thomas, a Ciflerttan Monk and Abbot
" of 'Dundranjn in Gal/oway, was fent to the Council of Bafil by
" the Clercy of Scotland, he takes occafion from thence to infert an
" an Hittorical Account of that Council. oAdam Blacader having
" cenfured Livy, for his Digretfion concerning jilexander the Great,
" our Author gives us, in the Lite of that Scots Writer, an Account
*' of the Faults that are generally imputed to that famous Hit^orian
" by the Critics of the tormer and latter Ages. Such is the Me-
" thod of the Author.

Now

{J^ 11 avoiie jvec fjifon, qu'il a beaucoup J' obligativn a Mr. Du Pin, qui ieul lui a fourni de quoi remplir cc Prcmiar
Volume : Car comme la plulpart desSjavant doot il parle, font [dit il] Thcologicnj, II a (rouvc dans la Biblioiheque Eccle-
fiaftiqiie lout ce <ju' il fafloit pour patlet del ce« Auteurs avec connoUTancc del caufes. Miis il ne dil pat, qu' il a trou-
ve dam cette mefme Bibliothe<iue, one infinite del chofei eftraogeres a fon Tujet, dont il a grofli Ton Prenier Vnlame :
Car, » quel ptopos noiij y donner I' Hiftoire del Pela{icBi, del Arrnm, des Iconoclaftei, dei PrgdeAiuriCU ? 6^f. £t quelle
Connexion entie la Tie d un fjavant tcolToii, k 1" Hifl«iie i" Abtillilii fic i' H«Uif« .' ©•<.

{Jb) Mcmoitiof LiieiKuic, Vol. II. P. 4I|4>.

The PREFACE.

Ill

JSlorju, -had our Journalifts reprefented to the Publtc my Defyn in
as fair 4 Light as this Learned Gentleman has done, they might have
[pared themjehes the Trouble of all that they have J aid : for th the
firjl place, 'Tts abfolutely (aIJc to fay, that I have taken all, or the
ffjojl Part of my I Volume/row c^r. Du Pin's EcclcfiafticalBiblio-
chcc; as will evidently appear to any that has been at the pains of
Reading if. "But in the id place, To fay that I have fwell'd and en-
larged my Book, by extraneous Di^re[sions taken from the fame Bi-
hliothcc^ and no zvays relative to the Lives or Writings of the famous
Men that I am treating of ts not only falfe, but a malicious and ca-
lumnious Reprejentation of the Matter of fa£i-^ as I Jliall make tt ap-
pear to the unbyafs'd and impartial Reader, even in thofe Injlances they
are pled fed to name.

And fir f, I have not zvrit the Hi/lory of the Pelagians, but only
an Account of the erroneous Doctrines that were laid to the Charge
of Pelagius by his Enemies, and for which he was tojjed from Coun-
cil to Council, till at length he was bamfh'd the Empire by an Imperial
Ediijt: Now, fmce I had proven from St. Jerom, who was Pela'Ti-
usV Contemporary, and well acquainted zvith him, that he zvas a Scotf^
man, / zuould gladly know, how J could gtve an Account to the World
of the Terfe cut ions and Sufferings that he underwent by the Projecu-
tions of hts Enemies, without giving ah Account offvh'at his Enemies
laid to his Charge : So that this cannot be called ^ Di^refsion, much
lefs an extraneous one, and nothing relative to my Subjetl: And what
I have jaid upon this Head, I have been but very little obligd to Mr.
Du Pin for : The moft of all that I have faid, ts taken out of Peta-
vius, Gerard Vofluis, Archbifhop Ufher and Cardinal Norris their
Hi/hries of the Pelagian Herefies.

idly. As to the Hijlory of the Arrians, / having proved, that Cle-
men c, the firjl Founder of the publick Schools ^f "Paris, was a ScotC-
man, from the indifputable Authority of Notlerus Balbus /;/> Con-
temporary, and Clement having wrote a Book in Defence of Arns.-
nifm • zvas it an extraneous Di^rejjion in me, to give the Reader a
true Notion of the Arrian Hcrefy, for zvhich my Author appeared jo
z^ealous ? or rather, was it not confetjuential to the Plan that I had laid
dozun to my [elf and of which 1 had acquainted the Publick in my
Preface, to give the Hi /lory of that Controverfy in which my Au-
thor was engaged, from tts fir fi Rife till his Time? Neither have t
taken zohat J have wrote upon this Subieii from Mr. Du Pin, but
from the ancient Eccleftafiical Htfiorians, Socrates, EuCebius, Zoio-
mcn, Tlieodortt, (S'c. And among fl the Moderns, Jrom Dr. Cud-
wortiiV Intelledual Syflem of the Vniverfe ; and Mr. Le Clerk'j
htftory of the Ltfe 0/ Eufebius, Bi/hopofCxCuTei.

3dl^. As to the Htftory of the Iconoclafts, Albin the fir ft foun-
der of the publick Schools at Pa via, and aScots Man, having wrote a
A "Book again ft the worfhtping of Images, by the Command 0/" Charles
the Great, Kmg of France, wa's it an extraneous Digrejjion for me,

a 1 to

IV

The PREFACE.

to give an ylccount of the^ Occafion of my ylnthor's writing of this
Book, ivhich I ioulcl not Ijavc done to any Purpofe, vjithoiit a fhort
Htfiorical Narrative, of the jcandalous Confupons that arofe in the
Chrifli^n Church, upon this Do6trine of WQrjhiping of Images ; but
what 1 ivas only to Uame lor in this yirticle was, that 1 did not give
an y^c count oj the jcandalous Allowances and Difpenjations that the
lefuites of China gave to thetr new Converts, for their Ido-
latrous worfhiping of Confucius, and thetr deceajl Ancejiors, not-
wtthfianding of the Proteflations to the contrary, by the yfpofolick Vi- '
cars, Dominicans, Aunul\inians, Franciicans, and other Mijjionaries
in that Empire, concerning all which, J ftiall only infert here a Pa-
ragraph from the ^d Chipterof the id. Volume of¥. Simon's critical
Bibliothec, zvhcre having fummed up all that the Jefuitcs had jaid
in their own Defence, he concludes (a) *' Thus let them fay as much
" as they plcale on the one Side, there is not the leaft Appearance,
" of the Apoftoliclc Vicars, Men of known Virtue and Integrity,
'* and wlio only went to China, out of a pure Zeal for Religion,
" and at the Intreaty and Defire of the Jefuites thcmfelves, their
" intimate Friends, that they would have declared againft them in
" Favours ot the Dominicans, the born and naturju Enemies of
" the SoLiety, had they not been conftrain'd to it, out of a pure
" Love to the T^uth; and on the other Hand it is manifeft, that
" that Spirit of ojitaining a Superiority over all others, which in-
" duced the Jefuites in Europe to pervert and corrupt all the Mo-
" ral Rules ot the Gofpel, to accommodate them to the perverfe
" Lufts of Men, whom they endeavoured by all Means to get un-
" dcr their Diredion, yea, fo far as even to have difpenfed with the
" undirpen{able Obligations of loving of Cod 5 for which they in-
*' vented that monftruous Tenet of the Philofophic Sin : 1 fay, it
<' is manifeft, that 'tis the fame Spirit that has engaged the(e Fa-
" thers to permit to People in China that embrace the Chriftian
•' Faith, to retain almoft the whole idolatrous Worfliip of their old
" Pagan Religion, that they might have the Glory alone, of ma*
" king more Converfions than all the other Miflionaries put toge-
" thcr, and to fee themfelves at the Head of a more numerous
" Flock of People than they have,

" Likewife, Let us allow the Lives of the Jefuites in the Indiei
" to be yet further expofed, by their fcandalous Commerce and
*' TrafKquings with their new Converts, and their Accepting of be-
" uig made (^Mandarines, (the Office of the Priefthood amongft
•' thcfe Tagans) Dignities unworthy and unbecomfiig the Ambaf-
" fadors ot feftts Chrift. And laflly, For their Knowledge in the
" Mathematics, with which they make a greater Parade and Show
« amongft the People, than by Teaching them the Gofpel ; fo
" that K may be very well faid. That it is more by the Vertue of
" their Aftrolabs and Tclefcops that they triumph in their Conver-
fions

(«) Bib. Cm. Vo). 1. Lc(. 3d.

The PREFACE.

" fions, than by the Efficacy and Force of our Saviour'? Crofs ;
*' which oii the contrary they often conceal from them.

Tet notwithftimding of all this, wy Author proceeds to wake an
yi oology for thcm^ which indeed is a ^eryjorry one, being only foun-
ded upon jome of their Fellozo Mifjionaries Faults cf the like Na-
ture.

4thly. y// to my Hiflory of the Predeftinarians, / ha'venot fa much
as attempted an) fuch Thing ; jo faithful are thefe Gentlemen in their
Representations, that they make to the Puhlick cf the Books that they
pretend to have read. T'ts true, in the Lift of Rabanus Maurus,
xvhom 1 have proved to be a Scotfman, I have given an u4ccount of
the Controvcrjy that zvas betwixt him and Gote(chalcus, concerning
Predeftination, but 1 am Jure no rational Man will call this an Ht-
flory of the Predeftinarian Herefy, or think that it zvas an extraneous
Digrejfion from my Subject.

And laflly, as to that profound G^ueJ^ion of theirs, what Connexi-
on is there betwixt the Life of a learned Scotfman, and the Htjlory
of Abeillard and Heloife ; had our Journalifls read what they pre-
tend to give an Account of, they hidjeen the Connexion betwixt them ;
for S. /tlfred the Scots Abbot of Ridua], having wrote a 'Book againfl
Abillard's Errors, and his jcandalous Amours, with Heloife or
Heloifa, was it an extraneous Digreffion, for mt to give an Ac-
count of Abillard and Heloifa, or rather was then£ not jucl) a necef-
Jary connexion, that I could not give a rational Account of the one
without the otber ? After this they conclude their Cenfure with theje
Words, " Our Author has likewife made Ufe of Dempfter, but in
" making Ufc of him, he has taken (fays he) all necelfary Prccau-
'* tions, that he might not deceive him, but the Readers will not
*' be apparently of his Opinion ; " {a) but it is not the firfi Time
that they have been deceived in their Conie6iures, nor apparently will
he the lafi, and they have been very often and fever ely taken to Taskj
for their pofttive Deciftons in Matters of Literature, nor apparent-
ly will they ever attain to that abfolute Superiority in the Republiek of
Letters, that their Bretheren of the Society have obtain d over their
Demi-pagan Converts in the Indies.

'T/j true, that Dempfter has often fallen into Mifiakes, as any
private Min cannot evite to do, that undertakes fuch a laborious and
difficult Task as he and J have done, for Want offujjicient Informa-
tion ; but J have acquainted the Publick, in /^f Preface to my jirjl Vo-
lume, that whatever Mtflakes J am led into, either by his or any other
Authors Authority, upon due Advert if ement, J [hail make a publick
Acknowledgment of it. And here I fhall take the Opportunity of making
Mention of one, communicated to me by my learned and worthy Friend
T>r. Patrick Abcrcromby, lately deceasd\ a Gentleman whom the Na-
tion has been infinitely obliged to for his Performances in our Htfiory^
in which he hat maJefevtral 'Valuable Difcoveriesfrom authentic and

b un

(<) Nolit Auicur t'cO (uOi ftitl dt Dcmpfttr, mill «n U Cctnnl il • prii Jti il, (outti Iti prcc«Bti«si D«c«IUirM poti

VI

The PREFACE.

uncomro'verted Documents, and which wtU rtndtr his Memory Fa*
mous to (til future Generations, efpecjaUy with thoje that have a Lonjt
for the Honour or Interefi of their Country.

'Tins Gentleman, in the Letter which he received from the prefent
u4bbot of Worrzburg, E Auguftine Bruce, was defired to comnjuni-
cate the folloivini Paragraph tome:

" Dr. MackenZjie is in a Miftake concerning our Founder, wlio
" died in the Year of our Lord 1151. And the Infcription upon
" his Tomb is, Htc jacet (^achartm, prtmm j4hbas hujtfs Eccleft/t,
" per quern 1)eus vinum in ac\uam convertit. And for this Mira-
*' clc's being done coram multis tejlibus, as the Monaftry's Founda-
" tion-lctcers exprcfl'cth it, they polVefs a (uU Prebendary to this
" Day in the Cathedral Church, which is the bcft Part of their
" Rent.

qAs for the Miracle, IJhall not concern my Jf If much about it, tho'
J think it had been more beneficial for hts Monks that he had turned
Water into Wine, {as Dempfter has it) than Wine into Watfr : But it
mull be confejjed, that it is a great Mi flake in Chronology, in making
the Macharius that jlourijhed in the Beginning of the ^th Century^ to
be the fame ivith the Abbot of Worczburg who died in the Tear 1 1 51.

Hivino- thus Jhoivn, how confequential J have been to tke Plan 1
laid down to mjyfelf which hath been approved of by Jeveral learned
Men, both in our own and Foreign Nations, as J could inflance in Je-
veral of their Letters which they have honoured me with ; I pall now
proceed to give my Reader an Recount of my prefent Perforrname.

In this Volume / have followed the fame Method as in the Two
Former ; /o that befides the Lives of the lUuflrtous Perfons mentioned
here, the Reader will find an abridgment of a great many valuable
Books : The Hi/lory of the Reformation of the Church 0/ Scotland i
an uiccount of all the ancient Creeds in the Primitive Church; a Lifi
of all the General Councils, and the Occafions of their being called -,
the Hiftory of Jftronomy, from its fir ft Rife to the Lnd of the i6tk
Century; the Rife and Progress of the Grecian Comedy, /o AriftotleV
Time ; the Hifiory of the Septuagint Tranflation of the Bible , an j4c-
count of Ignatius Loyola, and the fir ft Foundation of the Society of
the Jefuites ; the Vodrine and Pra6itce of the Primitive Church con-
cerning Excommunication t the fir ft Rife and Progrefs of Geography^
to the End of the 1 6th Century, an jlccount of the Writs andVten-
fils of the Cathedral Church of Glalgow ; an Recount of the Pra6ltce
of the ]c\'js and Primitive Chriftians under tyrannical and wicked
Princes ; and the fir ft Rife and Extent of all the known Languages
in the World.

The Hiftory of the Reformation is to be found in the Life of G^jieen
Mary, and thofe Reformers that 1 have treated of : Tljat of the an-
cient Creeds, m the Life of Patrick Cockburn, Profejjor of the Ori-
ental Languages at Paris : That of the Councils, in the Life ofQuin-
tin Kennedy, ^/'/'or o/'Crofs Raguel: Tliat of Afironomy, tn the
Life of James Baflentine, Trofelfor of the Mathematics at Paris .-

That

The PREFACE, vii

Th^t of the Grecian Comedy, tn the Life 0/ John Rutherford, Pro-
fcl^ur of Phtlofophji in the Vni'verfity of St. Andrew's; That of the
Scpiiiagim, tn the Life o/Thomas Ogfton, Profcjjor of the Belles Let-
tres at Tourain: That of the Society of the Jefuites, in the Life of
James Tayre of the Society 0/ Jefus ; That of Excomwunicatton, tn
the Life of Mr. Robert Roilock, Principal of the College of Edin-
burG,li .' That of Geography, tn the Life of James Chyne, Doaor of
the Laws and Profe^or of Philofophy at Doway : That of the Cathe-
dral Church of Glafi^ow, in the Life of the Reverend Father in God
James Beaton Jrchlifhop of Glafgow : That of Tajsive Obedience
in the Lift of William Barclay, Do^or and Prof ejfor of the Lavj at
Angers ; That of the Languages, in the Life of James Bonaventure
Hepburn, of the Order of the Minims, one of the greatefl Linguifls
that ever the World producd. And laflly, in the Life of Merchifton,
there is an Account of the wonderful Invention of the Logarithms.
The Writers of leffer Note who were contemporary vjith thoje I have
treated of in this Volume, / have omitted till ^ farther Opportunity.

All that I have further to advertife the Reader is, that J
have feen a ProjaH, ofpublifhing in Latine an Account of the Lear-
ned and lUuflrtous Perjons, Benefadors and Friends of the Kind's
College at Aberdeen, extracted from the Authentick Records of that
Vniverfity, by my learned Friend Mr. John Ker,, Prof eJfor 0/ Greek
in that Vnivcrftty, under, the following Title, Hiftorica Nariatio de
Univerfitatis & Collegii Regii Abredonenfis fundatione, ejufdcm-
quc Amicis & Patronis ex Academias hujusCharrophylacii Archivis
optimis aliifquc cxcerpta ; in Methodum imprimis quod ad accu-
ratani Ciironologia: rationem digefta, iterum atque iterum recog-
nita, Cura & ftudio Joannis Ker, Gra:carum Litcrarum Profello-
ris, in eadem Academia Regia Abredonenfi.

And if all our Vniverfities and Colleges in Scotland and abroad,
VJould do what this learned Gentleman has done, for the Honour of
his Society, zve fiould foon have a more complete and exaCf Hiflory,
of the lUuflrious, Perfons of our Nation, than any other Country in
Europe could boafl of And as this would tend vtry much to the
Honour and Glory of our Country in general, fo it would in particular
to the Jnterefl of thefe learned! Societies; for as the Kovmn Orator
obfcrves, he docs not deferve the Charader of a learned Man, who
is ignorant of the learned Men of his own Country, MM quidem
nuUi fatis eruditi vidcntur, quibus noftra ignota funr. And J am
very hopeful, that our Vniverfities by a generous Emulation, may
be excited to undertake a Work of this Nature, which as I have faidt
would tend fo much to the Honour of our Country.

Jt is not to be imagined, but that in this Volume, by my Ahjence
from tht Prefs, fome Errors and Miflakes may be found, and others
of great erConfecjuence, for want of due Information ; but Ef capes of this
Nature being inevitable inall JHchVndertakings, all I /hall claim from
the Candid Reader h, the Allowances that are granted to others in
(uch Cafes.

A N

2llpl^al)etical Catalogue

O F

Such of the SUBSCRIBERS 7V(^;;zej'a«d
T>efignations as have come to our Hand,

A.

THE Rinhc Honourable, William Marquis of Anandale.
The RTglu Honourable, Roberc Vifcount of Arburchnot.
Sir WiUiam Anl\rdthcr of cliat Illc, one of the Senators
oT die College of Juftice.
John Abernech), M- D.
William Adam, Apothecary in Edinburgh.
Alexander Aikenhead, Merchant in Edinburgh.
Mr. Thomas Aikman of 3riniltoun.
Robert Allan, Merchant in Rotcrdam.
Roberc Alexander of Corfclays.
Mr. James Andcrfon, Town-ckrk of Elgin.
Mr. James Anderfon, Writer to the Signet.
Patrick Anderfon, Wright in Edinburgh.
Sir Alexander Anftruther of Newark.
Alexander Arburthnot of Findowrie.
Mr. John Arrat, ProfelTor ot Philofophy.
Thomas Auch'inlcck, Chirurgeon.
James Auchinleck, Baker in Edinburgh.

B.

HE R Grace, Anne JDutchefs of Balcleuch.
Tiie Riglu Honourable, David Earl of Buchan.
The Right Hononrable, Colin Earl of Balcatras.
The Right Honourable, James Earl of Bute.
The Right Honourable, John Lord Balmcrinoch.
The Right Honourable. Walter Lord Blantyre.
Alexander Bailie, Writer in Fortrofe.
Hugh Bailie, Sheriff-clerk of Rofs and Surveyor at InVcrneu
Mr. James Bailie, Colledor at Prefton-pans.
John Bailie,' Chirurgeon in Edinburgh.
Robert Bailie of Cairnbrew.
Mr. James Bailie, Advocat.
Mr. James Bailie, Writer to the SigneD
Alexander Bailie of AfliflecL
Alexander Bailie of Cafllecarry.

Sir WiUiam Baird of Newbyth.

A Alex-

II

-■~ — ^

71)e Names and Dejignations of the Suhfcribers.

Alexander Bain of Logic.
Caprain Benjamin Barron.
John Barber, Bail ic onnvernefs.
Mr. Robert Bannernian, Minifler of the Gofpel.
Mr. Charles Bonner, Sheriff Depute of Stirlin-Ihire.
^h. ]ohn Birnic of Broomhill,
John Bl.->ir, M D.

Ceor'jc Horthwitic, Chirurgion in Edinburgh.
Tiionias ]5o\ver, At D.
Jolin Bowie of Saltcoats.
Walter Bofwal of Balbarton.
.Sir George Brown of Colftoun.
Andrew Brown of Daiiphinton.
Archbald Brown, Writer in Edinburgh.
Alexander Bruce of Kinnaird.
Alexander Bruce, Apothecary in Edinburgh.
Sir Thomas Burnet of Le)s.

Mr. Alexander Burnet, ProfefTor of I'hilofophy in the King's Col-
lege of Aberdeen.
Mr. Gilbert Burner, Advocate.
David Burton, Glaficr in Edinburgh.

C

THE Ri;4ht Honourable, Robert Earl of Carnwath.
TheKii^hr Honourable, George Earl of Cromerty.
TiieRir>ht Honourable, Anne Vifcountefs of Carington.

Sir William Calderwood of Poltoun, one of the Senators of the
Colle2,e of Juflice.

Chrift's Church Library in Oxon.

The Honourable Archbald Campbell, Son to the Lord Neil Camp-
bell.

Sir Duncan Campbell of Lochnell.

Sir James Campbell of Aberochil.

Colin Campbell of Camifniore.

Colin Campbell of Lochlane.

Alexander Campbell Merchant in Stornway.

David Caw in Crecf

Mr. David Crawford of Alentone.

John Cuthbert of Cafilehill.

The Reverend Arthur Charier, Mafter of Univerfity College, Oxorw

Robert Car younger of Cavers.

Sir James Carmiclial of Bonnington.

Tne Honourable Mr William Carmichal Advocate.

John Carnegie of Boyfack.

Mr. Williani Carftairs, Principal of the College of Edinburgh.

James Carftairs Writer in Edinburgh.

Willliam Carf^airs Apothecary Chyrurgeon.

Jamci Carruthtrs of Hallaitiis.

George

The Names and Deftgnattons Of the ^ubjirtLers. i.i

George Cairuthers of Holdmains

James Carriuhers of RobertluU.

jVIr. Jcilin Cairuthcis of Denby.

James Cheap of Roflle.

Tlie Incorpoiation ol Chyrurgeons at Edinburgh.

The Incorporadon of Chyrurgeons at GlafgotV.

Robert Clark Chyrurgeon in Edinburgh.

William Clark Advocate.

The Honourable William Cochun of Kilmaionock.

William Cockburn M. T).

Library of the College of Edinburgh.

Alexander Colvil of Blair.

John Corfe Writer in Edinburgh.

Adam Conlt Advocate.

John Corfc Writer in Edinburgh.

Mr. Charles Craigengelt of Keverkec

Mr. George Crawford Brother to Kersburn.

Mr. Matthew Crawford, ProfefTor of Ecdefiaftic Hiftory in theCiOl-

lege of Edinburgh.
Laurence Crawford of Jordanflon.
Mr. George Crocket M Z).
Mr. John Crockat Miniftcr of the Gofpel.
Patrick Crichton Cliirurgion in Dundee.
Sir William Cunningham of Caprington.
Sir James Cunningham of Milncraig.
Mr. John Cunningham of Wpodhall Advocate
Mr. William Cunningham, Provoft of Irvine.

HI S Grace Archibald Duke of Douglafs.
The Right Honourable James Lord Drummond.
The Right Honourable Charles Earl of Dunmorc.
The Right Honourable Lord John Drummond.
The Reverend Dr.Dobfon, Prcfident of Trinity College Oxon.
Roderick Dingwal of Cambufcurry.
Sir James Dumbar of Hempriggs.
John Dumbar of Burgie.
Mr. George Dumbar Minifter at Nairn.

James Dacs Writer in Ed.nburgh.
James Deans of Woodiflie.

Tiic Honourable Sir David Dalrymple, Lord Advocate,

Thomas Dalrymple M. D.

James Dewar Brewer in Edinburgh.

Mr. Alexander Dyck, ProfefTor of Humanity at Dalkeith.

Mr. Don of Hattenburn.

John Don of Spitxle, Sheriff Clerk of Stifling.

Lieutenant Robert Douglas.

James Douglas of Mains.

A z James

'I II I » I

iv The Names and Defignattom of the Subjcrihers.

James Douglafs ot Dornock.

Mr. Robert" Douglafs of Aucldnfchinach.

Sir William Drummond of Hawthornden.

Thomas Drummond of Logy-Almond.

John Drummond of Culquhilzie.

Mr. David Drummond, Advocate.

James Drummond of Rlair-Drummond.

John Drummond, M- D

George Drummond, Merchant in Edinburgh.

Mr. William Drummond, Writer in Edinburgh.

Mr. William Drummond of Grange.

William Drummond of Mackany.

John Drummond ot Megans.

]ohn Dutf, Writer in Aberdeen.

Sir James Dumbar of Mochram.

Alexander Dumbar of Biihop-mill, Sheriff of Murray.

Ludovick Dumbar of Grange.

Alexander Dumbar, Taylor in the Canongatc.

Ralph Dundafs of Mannor.

Alexander Duncan of Lundie.

Mr. William Dunlop, Son to the Laird of HoufehiU.

TH E Right Honourable Charles Earl of Errol, High Con-
(table of Scotland.
Tiie Right Honourable John Lord Elphingflon.
The Right Honourable Alexander Lord Elibank.
The Right Honourable Lady Sophia Erskine, Dowager of Pit-

fligo.
The Right Honourable Ciiarles Mafter of Elphinfton.
The Right Honourable James Erskine of Grange, Lord Juftice

Clerk, and one of the Senators of the College of Juftice.
Mr. David Erskine of Dun, one of the Senators of the College of

Juftice.
The Honourable Sir Alexander Erskine Lord Lion, King at Arms.
William Eccles M. D.
Patrick Edmifton of Newton Edmifton.
Thomas Ellies Writer to the Signet.
Gideon Elliot Writer to the Signet.
Robert Elliot Chirugeon in Edinburgh.
The Honourable William Erskine,
Colonel John Erskine, Deputy Governor of the Caftlc of Stirling.

TH E Right Honourable Archibald Earl of Foifar.
Mr. Fiflier of Balliol College Oxon.
Alexander Falconer Merchant in Elgin.
Thomas Fenton Merchant in Edinburgh.

The Names and 'Defgnatms of the Sul>[cyilrers.'

Mr. David Fothediigliatn, Merchanc in Lon4on.

Thoaias FifKcr, Merchant in Edinburgh.

Archibald Fiflicr, Cliirurgeon in Edinburgh.

Patrick Foord, M D.

David Fotheringham, M. 2).

John Forbes of Colloden:

John Forbes, Peutherer in the Canongate.

Robert Forreft, Merchant in Edinburgh.

Thomas Forreft, Merchant in London.

Hugh Forfyth of Garvil.

Mr. William Fowlis of Woodhall, Advocat.

Mr. George Frazer, Sub-principal of the King's College at Aberdeen!

John Frazer of Kirktoun.

Henry Frazer, Hcrauld-paintdr.

Mr. David Frcebairn, Minifter of the Gofpel.

Mr. Robert Freebairn, Bookfeller in Edinburgh..

David French of Frcnchland.

G.

HI S Grace George Duke of Gordon.
Her Grace, Elizabeth Dutchefs Dowager of Gordon.
Her Grace, Hcnricta Dutchefs of Gordon.
The Right Honourable, William Earlof Glencaijn.
The Right Honourable, James Earl of Galloway.
The Right Honourable, Pliilip Lord Glamis.
Sir Francis Grant of CuUen, one of the Senators of the College of

Jufticc.
James Galbratih of Balgaird.
Mr. John Gaudie, Minifter at Earlftoun.
Captain David George, Merchant at Aberdeen.
John Jardine of Applegirth,
Sir Tliomas Gibfon, Baronet.
James Gopdlct of Abbotftiall.
■Alexander Gordon, Writer in Edinburgh.
Mr. John Gillan, Bookfeller in Edinburgh.
Sir John Gordon of Enboll.

Sir William Gordon oi Inver-gordon, for all the Three Volumes.
Alexander Gordon of Ardoch, Commiltary General of the Mufters

oi Scotland.
James Grant of that Ilk.
Robert Gray, M D- Fellow of the Royal College of Phyficians at

London,
James' Graham of Fintrav, Younger-
Mr. Andrew Garden, Minifterof the Gofpel.
Mr. George Gordon, ProlelTor of the Oriental Languages at Aber-
deen.
Mr. William Gordon, Merchant in Edinburgh.

B Tho-

vi The Names and Defignnttom of the Suhjcnters-

Thomas Gordon, Captain of Her Ma)eft/'» Ship The J^o^al IVil^

Ham.
Alexander Gordon of Pitlurg.
Robert Gordon of Cluny.
John Glafs of Sauchy.
William Govan, Younger of Drumquhanie
Alexander Grant of thac Ilk.
Robert Gray oi Warriftoun.
John Gregory, Writer in Edinburgh.
Thomas Grieve, Apothecary in Dundee.
David Graham of Fintrie.
John Graham, Younger of Killearn.
Thomas Graham of Balgoun.
CoUonel William Graham, Merchant in London.
Colonel William Graham of Buchaple-
Mr. James Graham, Advocat, Junior.
Mr. James Graham, Merchant m Edinburgh.
John Graham of Mackeinfton.
Alexander Graham ot Ducharie.
George Graham, M- D.
Mr. James Graham, Minifter at Dumfermlio.
George Graham of Pitcairns.
James Graham of Kilmanan.
John Graham of Glendoik.
Sir Robert Grier of Lag.
Tames Grierfon of Kapinoch. ,
Air. Henry Guild, Writer in Edinburgh.

H

HI S Grace James Duke of Hamilton
Her Grace Anna Dutchefs of Hamilton.

The Right Honourable, Alexander Earl of Hume;
The Right Honourable, John Earl of Haddington.
Mr. John Hay, Son to Mr. John Hay, one of the Clerks of the

SelTion.
The Reverend Mr. Hill, Fellow of Queen's College Oxen.
Mr. Thomas Hatchet, Merchant in London.
Mr. William Harper, Minifter of the Gofpel.
James Hacket, M. D-
William Hairftons of Craigs.
John Haldin ot Glenagles,
John Haldin of Lanrick

Mr. James Haldin, Profeflbr of Greek in St. Andrews.
Mr. Patrick Haldin, Profcflbr of Eccleiiaftic Hiftory in St. Andrews.
James Hamilton of Olivcftab.
John Hamilton M. D.
John Hamilton of Bardowic.
John Hamilton, Merchant in Edinburgh.

Sit

The Names and Veftgnations of the Subjcribert. vii

Sir James Hamilton of Rofehall*

Mr. Andrew Hajr oi Monblaric

John HayofPittour.

Patrick Hay Gentleman.

John Henderfon, Wright in Edinburgh.

John Henry, late Deacon ot the Coidinas in Ediilbuigh*

Robert Hepburn of Keith.

William Harris of Mabie.

Rof^er Hog, Merchant in Edinburgh*

Sir James Holburn of Menftrie.

Sir Alexander Hope of Carfc.

John Hopeprinplc of that Ilk.

Roderick Hofack, M D-

Alexander Horfeburgh of that Ilk.

Richard Howifon, Writer in Edinburgh.

Sir Robert Home oi Renton.

Mr.NinianHome, Miniftei at Sproufton*

I

THE Right Honourable, James Lord Johnfton.
Sir Henry Jnnes oi that Ilk.
Sir George Innes of Cockftcn.
Geotge Innes of Dunkintie.
Robert Johnfton ofStraitoHi
James Johnfton M. D.
Mr. William Johnfton of Sheens.
Mr. Archibald Johnfton, Portioneif at Mofwfc
Mr. William Johnfton of Bearbouton.
Robert Johnfton of Wamphry.
Andrew Johnfton of Newton.
Williarn Johnfton of Granton.
William Johnfton Poftmafterat Haddington*
Edward JoifTy of Weft-pans.
George Jamifon, Gardiner to the Duke o( Harouton.

K

TH E Right Honourable William Earl of Kilmarnocl;
The Right Honourable, George Earl of KinnouL
The Right Honourable, John Earl of Kintore.
The Right Honourable, Alexander Earl of Kelly.
The Right Honourable, William Vifcount of Kilfyth.
The Reverend Dr. Kennet, of Cor^iu Chrifii College OxOD.
Colonel Robert Keith of Craigie.

Jon Ker of KerMand. . ^ „ c ax. .

Mr. John Ker, ProfefTor of Greek, in the King's CoUege of Aber-
deen.
Archibald Ker, Apothecary in Edinburgh.
Su Frances Kinloch of Gilmcrton. ^

B 2 C*-

^,ii 'The Names and Defignattom of the Subjcrileri.

David Killoch of Kilray.

Thomas Kincaid, Son to tlic Dcccaft Tliorri^s Kincaid of Achinrc-

och.
J,Ii. LaiuciKe Knox, Writer in Lochmabcn.

T

H E Ri"ht Honourable, James Earl of Linlithgow.
The Ri^lit Honourable, John Earl ot Lauderdale.
The Right Honourable;' David Earl of Lcven.
Joh.n Lauder of Founiiainhall, junior.
Wilham Lauder, M. D-
William Law, Jeweller in Edinburgh;
The Reverend Mr. Charles Lelly.
David Lindfay, A M
Mr. Patrick Lyon, ot Kerfs.
William Lcrmont, M. D.
|ohn Locli, Merchant in -Edinburoji.
Air. Micliael Livingllon of Bantasken.
Mr. James Lindfay, of Douhill.
Mr. Jauies Lelly,' Sheriff .Clerk of fife,
Ceorge Lockhart, ofCarnwath.
James Lcnvis ol Ateichillon.
"jolm Loudon, Lrofelfor ot Philofophy, in die Univerfity of Glaf-

gow.
James Lutefoot, M. D-

M.

HI S Grace James Duke of Montrofe.
The Right Honourable, William Earl Marifchal ot Scotland,
The Right Honourable, Lady Jean Mackenzie, Countefs

Dowager of Mar.
The Ri'j)it Honourable, Lady Anne Mackenzie, Daughter to the

Marquis ot Seatorth.
The Ri^hi Honourable, Lady Mary Mackenzie, Daughter to the

Marquis ot Seatorth.
The Ri'j,ht Honourable, John Lord Macleod.
The Right Honourable, Lord James Murray, Brother to his Grace

the Dukeot Athole.
The Honourable, George Mackenzie, Son to the Earl ot Seaforth.
The Honourable, Colin Mackenzie, Son to the Earl of Seaforth.
The Honourable, Colonel Alexander Mackenzie, Son to the Earl

of Seafwth.
The Honouri^ble, Henry Maul of Kelly, Brother to the Earl of

Pan mure.
Sir James Mackenzie, of Royfton, one of the Senators of the Col-
lege of Tuilice.
Normand Mackleod of that Ilk.
Patrick Mackay ot Scoury.

A-

The Names and Deftgnations of the Suhjcribert, ix

Alexander Mackenzie of Garloch.

Alexander Mackenzie, younger of Davochmaluack.

Alexander Mackenzie of Ord.

Alexander Mackenzie, M. D. at Fortrole, for the } Volumesi

Donald Mackenzie of Kiluwy, for the 3 Volurhes.

Colin Mackenzie of Mont Gerauld.

Colin Mackenzie Chyrurgeon in Edinburgh.

George Mackenzie, younger of Cromarty.

Kenneth Mackenzie of Dundonald.

Kenneth Mackenzie ot Mureton.

John Mackenzie of Suddy.

Ifobel Mackenzie, Lady Tulloch.

James Mackenzie, M D.

Mr. Hedlor Mackenzie, Minifter of the Gofpel.

John Mackenzie of Heyfield.

Roderick Mackenzie, younger of ScatwelL

Penelope Mackenzie, Lady Cknronald.

Simon Mackenzie of Logie.

Simon Mackenzie, Goldfmith at Inveinefs.

William Mackenzie of Balmaduchy, for the ^ Volumes.

Roderick Mackenzie of Applecrofs.

Kenneth Mackenzie, Merchant in Invcrnefs.

Sir Heiftor Maclean of that Ilk.

James Maclean, M 2>. at Invernefs.

Mr. Alexander Maclenan, Minifter of the GoIpcL

Roderick Macleod of Catboll.

Thomas Maire, Merchant in Linlithgow.

William Melvil, D- D.

Sir Patrick Maxwall of Sprinkell.

Mr. Allan Morifon, Minifter ot the Gofpel itl the Lews.

James Miller ^ M.

John c^ackdonald of Glengary.

Robert c^acklellan of Barcklay.

Robert e^Wackbriar of Netherwood.

Sir Donald e^Tk/ackdonald of Slait.

Ronald cpliackdonald of Clanronald.

Donald Afackdonald of Benbech.

Ronald Afackdonald of Afiltoun

Evan A/ackgregorofNewhaven.

Gilbert Afackay, one of the Clerks of ihc Bills.

Alexander Mackay of Palgowrt.

Sir Kenneth Afackenzie ot Cromartie.

Sir John Mackenzie of CowL

Sir Kenneth Mackenzie of Scatwall

Alexander Mackenzie of Frazerdale.

Mr. Simon Mackenzie of Allangrange.

George Mackenzie of Inchcoulter.

Rodericic Mackenzie of Rcdcaftle Elder.

The Names and Defi^nattons of the Sui'Jcrthers.

Roderick Mackejjzie of Redcaftle, Youngef.

Alexander Mackenzie of Davochmaluak.

Mr. Simon Mackenzie of Tarardon, Elder,

Kenneth Mackenzie of Tarardon, Younger.

Roderick Mackenzie of Fairburn.

Murdoch Mackenzie of Ardrofs.

Mr. John Mackenzie ot Delvin.

Mr. Colin Mackenzie of Rofe-end.

Sir Colin Mackenzie, Advocar.

George Mackenzie of Gruniard.

Kenneth Mackenzie, Efq;

Colonel Duncan Mackenzie.

Roderick Mackenzie, fonietime Secretary to the Indian iind African

Company.
Mr. Alexander Mackenzie, Minifter of the Gofpel.
Alexander Mackenzie, Barber and Burgefs of Edinburgh;
Alexander Mackenzie, Facflor to the MarchiOnds ot Seafdfth.
Kenneth Mackenzie Younger, BaiUe in Elgin.
Kenneth Mackenzie, Writer in Edinburgh-
Charles Mackenzie, Writer in Edinburgh.
Malcolm Macaula, Skipper in Leith.
Williarp Macleod of Beincrie.
Mr. Alexander Macleod, Advocat.
Roderick Macleod. Son to the Tutor of Macleod.
Sir John Malcolm of Invertill.
James Malcom of Grange.

Mr. James Marjoribanks, Aferchant in Edinburgh.
Mi- Henry Miul, Writer to the Signet.
Mu George iWaul, Fadfor to the Earl of Panmure.
Sir George Afaxwel of Orchartoun.
Sir Alexander A/axwel of iWonrcith.
Francis e^'^axwel of Tinwall.
William Maxvvel of TyrconaL
George c^axwel of Garnfalloch.
John A/axwel of Stevenfon.
Walter e^elvil, Herauld-painter.
Gilbert A/enzies of Pitfoddlcs.
William cJ^enzics of Pitfoddlcs.
e^r. Charles A/enzies of Kinmundie.
George cPJ^enzies, Bailie in Falkirk,
c^r. Alexander A/enzics of Coultcraws, Advocat
Robert Afiddleton of Balbegno.
Sir Thomas A/oncrief of that Ilk.
jVfr. William M\x\x of CafTancarry.
John Afuir, Brother to the Laird of Kowalkn,
William Moi\(on of Preflongrang^.
c^ajor George JWonro of Auchinbowic
Munioi)> Efq;

^ WiUiam

The Names and Dtjignattons of the Subjcribers- xi

William Murray of Abercarnie.

Sir Alexander Murray of Mclgum.

Sir John Murray-Hepburn oiGlendoick.

Sir David Murray ot Stanhope.

John Murray elder, of Toucnadam.

John Murray younger, of Touchadam.

John Murray of Strowan.

Jatriclc Murray of Duchar.

Alexander Murray of Bruchton.

Mr. Maurice Murray, Brother to Abercarnie

James Murray, Comftiiflar-clerk of Dumblane.

John Murray, M D.

Gideon Murray Efq;

N.

TH E Right Honourable, William Earl of Nithfdalc
The Right Honourable, David Earl of Northesic.
The Right Honourable, William Lord Nairn.
John Nairn of Greenyards.
William Nairn, Baillic of Dalkeith.
Alexander Nairn ot Drunkilbo.
Robert Nafmiih of Poffow.
John Napier of Culcrcnch.
James Nicolfon, Writer in Edinburgh.
William Nisbet of Ditleton.

O.

JOHN OGILVIEof Lunan,, Advocate.
Patrick Ogilvie of Balfour.
Alexander Ochterlony, Merchant in London.
Patrick Oliphant of Bachleton.
James Oliphant of Gask.
George Oliphant of Glafhbenie.
John Ochterlony of Guinde.
John Ochterlony, Writer to the Signet.

P.

HI S Grace, William Duke of Powis.
The Right Honourable, Alexander Lord Pitfligo.
The Right Honourable, Jean Lady Polwart
Sir Hugh Paterfon of Banockburn.
William Paterfon of Dunraorc
John Paterfon Efq;

Alexander Ptolmy, Merchant in Fortrofc, for the J Volumeft
William Ptolmy, Merchant in Fortrofc
David PUcairn, Ai A
ilexandet Paterfon, ChyfUfgeon at InrcrneU

** ■ I

^ii The Names and Defignations 0/ iht Suhfchbert. ______

John Paterfon, Merchant.
John PutuUoch of Balhouffie.
Tohn Pear(on of Kippen-Rofs.
Archibald Pitcairn, M- 'D.
John Prefton of WhicehiU.
Tames Prefton of Dumbrae.
Sir Archibald Primerofc-Fowlis of Dunnipace.
Mr. Francis Pringle, Greek Profenbr in St. Leonard's College, St.

Andrew's.
David Plendcrleith of Blyth, AdVocat.
Mr. Gawin Plummef, Meirchant in Edinburgh.
Sir Robert Pollock of that Ilk.
John Paton, Merchant in Edinburgh.

H

I S Grace, James Duke of Q.utfensberry.

R.

HI S Grace, John Duke of Roxburgh,
The Right Honourable, John Earl of Rothes.
The Ric^ht Honourable, Robert Lord Rollo.
The Honourable Charles Rofs ot Belnagoun.
Alexander Rofs of Ankerville.
John Rofs Younger, of Aldie,
GharlesRofsof Ey.
James Ramfliy, Merchant in Dundee.
Alexander Reid, Merchant in Fortrofe.
Mr. Patrick Rae, Minifter at Kilbride,
Mr. Andrew Ramfay, Advocat.
John Ramfay, M- D-
Thomas Rattray of Craighall.
Walter Riddel of Glen-Riddel.
Andrew Riddel of Haining.
Alexander Robertfon of Strowan.
James Robertfon, M. D-
Mr. William Robertfon, Writer in Edinburgh.
Sir Henry Rollo of Woodfide.
Robert Rollo of Powhoufe.

Andrew Rofs, Mafter of the Manufadory at Muflelburgh.
Thomas Ruddiman, ji. M.
Francis Ruffel, Apothecary in Edinburgh.
Robert Rutherford of Fcrmailie.
Andrew Rutherford of Edgeiftoun.

I?

I ~^-^'|-''- -Ml ^ 1 ■ ^^^Ml ■■^_l____l __^^

The Names and Defignatiom of she Suhjcriben.

Xll!

S.

THE Right Honourable, William Lord Seaforth.
The Right Honourable, Frances Countefs of Scaforcli.
The Right Honourable, George Earl of Sutherland.
The Right Honourable, James Earl of Southesk.
The Riglu Honourable, John Earl of Stair.
The Reverend Father in God, Gilbert Bifhop of Sarum.
The Right Honourable, Henry -Lord Saintdair.
Sir Robert Suintclair of- Longformacus.
Sir George Saintclair of Kir.naird.
John Saintclair, M. D-

James Saintclair, one of the Clerks of the Bill-chartibcr.
Sir William Scot of Harden.
David Scot of Scotftarvat.
Thomas Scot, Brother to Sir James Scot of Galla.
Sir William Scot ot Thyrlftane, Advocate,
Dr. Robert Shippen, Principal of Brazen-Nofe College, Oxon.
George Strachan, Bookfeller in London.
John Stuart, Bailie of Invernefs
Sir Philip Sydenham of Brympton, Baronet.
Mr. Alexander Scrimzeor, at St. Andrew's, for the publick Library.
Archibald Seaton of Touch.
William Seaton of Pitmedden^ Tounger.
Sir John Schaw of Greenock*
James Schaw, Writer in Edinburgh.
James Skeen of Hallyards,

Mr. William Skcen, Mafker of the High School in Edinburgh.
Mr. John Skinner. Minifter of Bothkennar.
David Smith of Methvin.

Mr. William Smith, ProfefTor of Philofophy at Aberdeen*
John Smith, Writer in Cowpar of F:fe.
Robert Smith, Oculifl.
Colonel George Somervel.
fames Somervel of Drum.
James Spittle of Luchat.
Sir Archibald Stevenfon, M. D.
Kenneth Stevenfon, M. D- at Elgin.
James Stirling of Kier.
William Stirlin'T of Northfide.
Sir Mungo Stirtinf: of Glorat.
William Stirling of Herbertlliire.
Charles Stirling of Kippendavie.
Mr. James Stirling, Chirurgeon.
William Stirling, Chirurgeon in Stirling.
Bertram Scot, Efq} in Nonhumbcrlano,
James Stuart of Allantoun,
Mr. Walici Stuart, Advocat.

D The

xiy The Names and befignattom of the Subjcrthers.

The Honourable Mr. William Sutherland, Brother to the L Duffuj*

Mr. Alexander Sutherland, Minifter of the Gofpcl.

Sir John Swinton of Swinton.

Colin Simpfon of WhitchiU.

Daniel Sinifon, Wruer to the Signet.

T.

TH E Right Honourable, the Earl of Traquaire.
The Right Honourable, George Lord Tarbac.
Talbot, tfq;
Mr. David Tliomfon, FatfVor to the Earl of Northcsk.
Mr Robert Thomfon, Fadtor to the Vifcount of Arbuthndt
Sn David Threpland of Fingask.
John Trotter of Mortounhall.
Robert Trotter, aJ^. D.

J

U.
OHN Urry, M. A in Chrift's Church College, Oxon.

W.

THE Riglit Honourable, George Earl of Winton.
The Right Honourable, John Earl of Wigron.
The Right Honourable, DaVid Earl of Wemyfs-
John Wauchop of Edmifton.
James Wauchop of Kailcmoor, Advocate.
Francis Wauchop Merchant in Edinburgh.
James Walkenfhaw of that Ilk.
John Walkenfhaw of Barrowfield.
James Wei wood M- D- Fellow of tlie Royal College of Phyfician*

at London.
George Walker Writer in Edinburgh.
John Wallace Apothecary in Edinburgh.
George Wingate A. M.
John Watfon M- D-
James Watfon Merchant in Stirling.
Edward Vaughan Efq;

James Winram, Sheriff-clerk of Berwick Shire.
William Wilfon, one of the Under-clerks of the Seffion.
James Wifcman Writer in Elgin.
John Wordie of Cambusbaren.
John Wright of Kerfy.

Y.

TH E Right Reverend, John Arch-bifliop of yorlc.
The Right Honourable, Charles Lord Hay of Ycfler.
Jofeph Young Merchant in Edinburgh.
Mr. Ninian Young, Profeflor of Philofophy in St. Leonard's College.
George Yeoman, Merchant in Dundee.
Murdoch Young, Writer in Beauhe.

Vol. III.

The

Uk of Sir GILBERT HAT, Chamber
lain to Charles VI. King of France,

H E Nayes are faid to liave their firft Rife from a very
noble and heroick Adion, about the Year of our
Lord 980, in the Reign of Kenneth III. as we
have fhown in the Life of that Prince, in tlie fecond
Vokime of this Work, Pag. 60. But whatever
Truth be in this, it is certain tl-.at this is one ot the moft noble and
ancient Families in Scotland, and diat ever fince the Reign of King
Robert Bruce, they have been Lord Higii Conftables ot Scotland-.
Tiiat Prince, for the faithful Service and Loyalty of Robert Lord
Htj, declar'd them heretable Conftables ot Scotland, about the

From this noble and ancient Family our Author was defccnded, .^J^'^j^^'^'IJ
of whom I have no other Account to give, but that lie was born in*'-
the North of Scotland, brought up at the Univerfity of Jberdeen^
where after he had finifhed the Courfe of his Studies inPhilofopliy*
he commenced Maftcr of Arts, went over to France, where he ftudied
the Laws, and was Batchelor of the Canon Law, and for his great ^,^ ^^^
Merit, obtained tiie Honour of Knighthood, and was made Chamber- ^';j|^,'""*
lain to Charles VI. King of France ; upon whofe Death he returned
to Scotland, and was in great Favour and Efteem witli WiUiam Earl
of Orkney, and Lord High Chancellor of Scotland, at whofe Defire
he tianflated from t\\c French into Scots, Dt. Bonnet's Book of Battles
in the Year of Our Lord i^$6.

This HonoratHS Bonnet was of tiie Order of St. jdugufline, and
Prior oi Salon {a), and fo little known, even amongft thofe of the
French Nation, that feveral Biographers have committed grofs
Miftakes about him ; for M. Du Verdier Fauprivas calls him Bonnof
inftead of Bonnet, and fays, That he dedicate his Book to Charles V.
whereas it is dedicated to Charles VI. But the Author of the Abridge-
ment oi' Gcfners Bibliotheck C^) has committed a mucft grolfer
Miftake ; for he has metamorphofed the Title of the Book into that
of an Author, and makes liis Book the Author of another Book,
V/irbre des Battailes hys\\c, wliich is the Title of Dr. Bonnet's Book,
Scrip/it de Bella d" Duello. Sawuel des Marets obferves, (c) That
David Blondel, amongft the Catalogue of thofe Authors that have
mentioned tlic Popefs Joan, he has omitted this Author, who was
Prior of Chalon, and wiio wrote liis Book about 500 Years a^o, irid
mentions her m the 7t!i Chapter of his firft Book, and which, no

A doubt,

_ _ _^ ^ — : — ■ — ^^"^^^

(«) \,U M. l).r» IJ'U. H.i. kOU. Ui u fig. i»7o. (0 P'»- J14. (0 u J<>-»» f^P^ K-Alau, P.|. it.

The Life of Sir GILBEKT HAY, Vol. III.

doubt, he would have taken Notice of, had he known this Author
who was his Country-man ; For this M. des Mnrtts is (cvcrcly ccn-
fured hy Philip table i\\c J ejmte (/J), Firff, For ciiMinghirn I'riorot
Chalon inftead ofj'^/or. 2c%, For afcribing only joo Ye.irs to the
Ai^e of his Book, whereas CW/fj VI. to whom it is ilcdicutcd, chd
resign from i^8S to. the Year 1412. And Laflly, For layini^, That
he was of Chalons, whereas he fhould have iaiil that he was ot
Chalons fur Saon : His Words are, Jn Honoraio Borieto atUiore libri
'vernaculi fjut injcrihitHr V Arbre des Batailcs mult a pec^at. I. /V;-
orem deChix]on'vocat, cum faerit de Six\on. II. Co?//^ofium libriim
dicit ante jinnos 5CX), cuyn taynen Carol us VI. cm dtcatus fiut rig-
navit dttntaxat al Anno 13X8 ad 1411. III. Challonrf^'/c/z/Cata-
launcnfem, /Wfy?Chaalons,£-w/« j^f//ir/rCahiolioncn(cnic/f/'/<///f/ : ]ia
cnim difcriminantur ilU ci%)ttates, hxc Matrons in Camjjania iHa
Arari in Burgundia tm^ofitaMtrao^uc £pifcopalis. I V. yltcjne hinc lon^e
ahfurdior apparet allufio aliomin Alpma nive frigidior, fjiionfi
illitis teflimoniii?n njtdij]et Blonde/Jus qui Catalaunenlis fuit minus
impend il]et opcrx in fabida ilia expugnanda.

M. Da Pin makes no Mention of this Autiior, neither in his
Ecclefiallical Bibliothcc, nor in his Univerfal Catalogue. And fince
he is (b little known in the Republic of Letters, and that our
Author has franllated him, I (Kail give the Reader an Account ot
this Work, which is in my Cuftody, wrote in a very fair Hand, in a
large Folio, upon Imperial Paper.

Our Author begins his Tranflation with this Preamble, Here
begynnys the Buke callit the Buke of Armys, the qhilk was compilit
tea notable Man Dotlour in Decries, callit Bonnet Pr/o«rf 0/ Salon,
the qhilk zuhen it was maide, callit it The Flour o/Batailes or the Tree.
Into the qhilk Buke there pall be four Parties efteir, as the Rubryks
Oiazos. The frfl fliall be of the Tribtdacion of the Kirk before the
Natiuitie of Chrifie ; The fecond Party fal be of the Tribnlacions
and DeflriUiion of the Four principal Realms grettefl of the Warld ;
The third fal be of Battallis in generale ; The farde of Bat talis in
fpecialitie.

Then our Author gives the Rubrick or Contents of the firft
Book ; after which foUov/ thefe Words, Here folows the Prolong of
the f aid Buk, in Termis as the forenamit Do/iour Bonnet Prior of
SiXonmade his fir fl Jntitulacion and Prohemin, and fyne efter fhall
folow the principal Parties of the Buke fornamyt, tranflatit be me
Gilbert of the Haye Knight, Maficr in Artis, and Batchelere in
Vecreis, Chamberlyn umquhill to the maifl worthy King Charles
of France, at the Requefi of an hye and mighty Prince and worthy
Lord, William £rtr/ o/Orknay rt;z^o/Catlvnes, LWSynclere, and
Chancelour of Scotland, in his Cafiell of Rollyne, the Zere of our
Lord a Twujand four hundreth fifty and Jex.

The firft Book contains 10 Chapters, wherein the Author gives
the Definition of War, according to the Dodtors ot the Civil and

Canon

(<l) D« Sciipt; EccUr. Tom. I. Pag. III.

Voll. III. Chdmberbin fo Charles VI. Km^ of France.

Canon Law, and fhows that it had its firft Rife in Heaven betwixt
GO J) and his rebellious Angels j then he treats of the bypafl Per-
feciitions of the Church by Way of Commentary upon' 5. fohfis
VWion of tlic five Angels in the Rerjclation, and fpeakin^ of the
fourth Angel, he acknowledges. That there xvas a Woman that was
chofen Pope, and that Jhe was an Englifh Woman : And after Leon
fays our Tranflator, was chofen a Woman Pape, not vjtttand that [he
was a Woman, the ahilk was of England l;orn.

Tile fecond Book contains i8 Chapters, wherein he treats of
the Deftrud:ion of the four great Empires of the World ; The
'Babylonian begun in the Eaft, in the Time of Abraham ; The Car-
thaginian begun in the Time of the Judges ; Tiie Macedonian
begun in the Time of the Maccabees ; and that of the Roman be
gun in the Time of u4chan King of Jitdda : But, he more paricularly
mfifts upon the Roman Empire, and fheWs when the City of Rome
was firft founded, when tliey begun their Government by Kings,
Senators, Confuls and Emperors, and of their moft memorable or
remarkable Adions, of the Adtions of Alexander tiie Great, and
the Deftrudtion of the Carthaginian Empire ; and concludes
witii an Account of the firft Rife of Government or Jurifdidlion
amongft Men, and who were the firft Governors or Judges.

The third Book contains lO Chapters, wherein he treats of the
Lawfulnefs of making of War ; and if it be poftible for Mankind
to live without it; how Men may know when they are juftly com-
pell'd to make War; what the Marks of true Valour, and Cowardice
are ; what Punidiment is due to thofe that leave the Army, without
asking rermiftion of their Commanders, or fight the Enemy,
witliout the Orders of their Commanders.

The fourth Book contains 155 Chapters, wherein he treats of

the lawful Grounds of War, efpecially amongft Cliriftians againft

^\^c,l'tirks, and all Infidels; wliether the Emperor can lawfully

declare War againll the Pope and the Church, and whetiier tiie

Pope may make War againft iiim; concerning the Duties of Knights,

and for what Reafons they ought to be punifhed ; concerning die

Duties of Generals, and if, when they are taken in Battle, they

ought to lofe their Lives or not ; whether Strength or force be a

moral, cardinal or natural Virtue ; whether Prifoners that are taken

in War belong to thofe that take them, or to the Princes to wliom

the Armies in whicli tiiey are taken belongs ; whether Vaflals

fliould fervc in the Army upon their own or tiieir Prince's Expences;

if a Baron be obliged to ferve his King but only in his owji Wars ;

whether two Barons having War againft one another, their Men are

obliged to adlft either of them till they receive Orders from their

King and rcfpe(ffive Lords ; wiicther we are bound to defend our

Neighbours widi Arms and Men when invaded by otiiers, and what

ilie l'cr(bns arc that are obliced to defend one another, and par-

f icularly jiow the Vaftal is obliged to defend his Lord, the Son his

iadier, by the Law of Juftice; whether he is more bound to defend

A z his

Tin Life o/j-zr GILBERT HAY, Vol. ill.

his Father or natural Prince ; whctiier a Clergy-man is bound
mod to adirt his Father or liis Bifhop, when War is declared betwixt
them ; whether Men may make a dcfenfive War for their temporal
Goods lawtully concjuifh'd; whether Priefts and Clerks may delend
their Goods by Force of Arms ; wiicther Arms lent and lofl in the
Field of Battle ought to be reftored ; whether Arms and Horfes
hiied and lofl in Battle ought to be rcftored ; whether a Knigiic
being robbed in his King's Service, he or his King ought to purdie
the Robbers ; whether a Man that goes to the Wars uncliarg'd
ought to take Wages ; whedier a Knight ferving a King uncliarg'd,
may lawfully ask Wages of him; whether, when the Knig oi Spain
fends Aflillance to the King of France, he ought to ask Wages of
him ; whether a Man that goes to the Wars out of vain Glory,
ought to ask Wages by the Law of Arms ; whether a Captain that is
robbed obcyiii" his Lord's Commands, his Lord ought to reflore
him his Goods or not ; whether a Man going to the Wafs for
Covetoufnefs and Robbery, ought to demand Wages ; whether a
Priefl or Clergy-man may lawfully go to the War or not, concer-
ning the Time that Men ought to be paid their Wages that go to
the Wars; wiiether a Warriour that obtains Leave to divert and
recieat himfelt tor fome Time, fhould receive Wages for that
Time ; whether a Knight that has taken Wages of a King for a
Year's Service, and after three Months, goes to the Service of ano-
ther Prince, ought to receive Wages for the Time that he has
ferved ; whether a Soldier that has been paid by a Prince for a
Year's Service, may fubflitute another in his Place ; wiiether a Cap-
tain may fend any of his Men away, after he has muftered them in
the Fields before his Prince ; whether a Soldier falling fick in the
Wars, may lawfully ask his Wages for all the Time that he has
been fick ; how the Goods or Spoil that is gained by the Army
ought to be parted amongfl the Soldiers ; whether a Man fnay
lawfully keep what he takes from a Robber that was defigned to
rob him on the High-way ; of the Lawfulnefs of the War that is
made betwixt two Cities that hold of no Sovereign; whether a
Man may kill a Prifoner that delivers himfelf voluntarly; whether
by the Law of Arms, a Man may take a Ranfom of Gold or Money
from his Prifoner; whether in a \^ sli betwixt England and FrancCy
the French may lawfully feize upon the Goods of the EngliOj Hu(-
bandmen, and detain their Perfons Prifoners ; whether one King
may overcome another King lawfully by Craft and Subtilty ; whe-
ther it be lawful to fight upon a Holy-day ; whether, when one
Man wrongs another, he may lawfully recover his own by War or
Force, before he purfues him legally; whether a Knight that dies
in Battle in his Prince's Service, is fure of his Salvation ; whether
the Righteous or Sinners are the moft powerful in Battle ; why
there are fo many Wars in the World ; whether one that is taken
Prifoner, and fworn to keep Prifon, may lawfully break it, and make
his Efcape, if he finds Occafion ; whether one tliat is taken Prifoner

and

Vol. III. Chamberlain to Chatles VL King »/" France.

and put in a clofe dark Room, and makes hii Efcape, may be faid
to break Prifon? Whether a xMan that's promif'ed fate Condua: f roni
one Place to another, but has ncgledcd to capitulate For his fafe
Return^ may be lawfully detained Prifoner? Whether a Man that
has fafe Condud promifed to him and his Attendants, can bring a^
longft with him a greater Man than he himfelf is ? If a Man be ta-
ken Prifoner upon another's fafe Condu(5t, whether he that had the
fafe Condu(5t be obliged to relieve him upon his own Charges ? l£
a Man having Liberty to go out of Prifon, bn Condition that he
fhould return upon fuch a Day, re-enters again into the Prifon,
fails in the Day, how he fhould be puni/hed I Whether it be law-
ful for one Prince to retufe another, with whom he is at Peace, Paf^
rage thorow his Country ? Whether Churchmen ihould pay Taxes»
Tributes' -and Impofitions to Secular Kirigs and Princes ? li the
Church fhould niake War againft the Jews ? If a Mart may de-
fend his Wite by Force of Arms I If a Brother may defend his Bro^
ther by Force of Arnjs ? When a Baron is a Vaflal to two Lords
in different Countries, that have both of them War, whom of theni
he ought to ferve ? When a Baron is a VafTal to two Lords tli^t
make War upon one another, . whom of them he ought to obicy I
When a Man is a Burgefs in two Cities that make War againfl one
another, which of them he ought to obey ? Whether a Man that
is in Bondage or in Slavery, be obliged to go to the Wars with his
Lord and Mafter ? Whether, a Man may be compelled to go to th6
Wars? If one Man fairly wounds another, and he wound him a-
gain, whether he ought to be punifhed for the fame ? If a Bond-
man or Slave kills another by his Mafler's Command, whether
he ought to be punifhed for the fame ? Whether a bondman or
.Slave may defend himfelf againfl his Lord and Mafler thatdcfigns
to kill him ? Whether a Monk may defend nimfclf againfl his Ab-
bot who deHgns to kill him ? Whether the Son may lawfully defend
himfelf againft the Father who defigns to kill him ? Wliethet a
Man may lawfully defend himfelf againfl his Judge ? Whether a
Man being banifhed the Realm, and returning again without Per-
miffion, wlien People fet upon him to take him, if he ought to de-
fend himfelf ? Whether a Priefl that is affaulted carrying the Lord's
feody (or the Slcrament) alongfl with him, ought to lay it down
and defend himfelf? If a Man that is innocent ought to bie pU-
nifhed by way of Reprifal for the Guilty ? And how I*rinces ought
to behave tliemfelves in the Cafes of Reprifals ? How Reprifals
fliould be made againfl a City that oWes Allegiance to no Sove-
reign ? If all Lords or Mailers may make Reprifals ? How arid for
what Rcafon it may be faid, that the Jting of BaHct is no Ways Tub-
jeft to the Emperor? Whether the King of England be ih any
manner of way (ubje<5l to the Empire ? Whether Reprifals tan be
granted to a Burgefs that's living at Tdi!'is^ ■ and fobbed iri his Re-
turn to Patisj for recovering the Money Or Goods thai he hits been
deprived of in anbchci Prince's Ooniinions i V^hothtt ati £ri^tiJH

The Life of Str GIL^REKT HK1, Vol. llT

___^^_^___ H Mil ■iiw inn r " ■ ' -

Student at the Univerfity of PAns may be detained Prifoner When it
War is declared betwixt the two Nations i Whether a Servant
fhould enjoy the Privileges that his Maflcr has ? Wheth<ir an £«^->
tifhman coming to T<trts to vific his Son, Studint at that Univcrfity,
in Time ot War, may be detain'd Prifoner ? Whether an Efif^ltp^
man coming to vide his Brother at the Univerfity may be detained
Prifoner ? Whether a Student may be imprifoncd by way of Repri*
fal? Whether a mad Man maybe detained and ransomed in the
Wars? Whether a mad Man returning to his Scnfes may be de-
tained Prifoner ? Whether by die Law ot Arms, an old Man may
be detained Prifdrier? Whether by the Law of Arms, a Child may
be taken and detained Prifoner ? Whether by the Law of Arms,
a blind Man may be detained Prifoner i' Whether an AmbaOador
coming to Yifit a King, may lead any of his Enemies thorow his
-Country ? Whdth^r a Bifliop may be taken and detained Prifoner ?
Wliether Jlhy Churchman may be taken by way of Rcprifal ? whe-
ther Pilgrims may be made Prifoners by the Law of Arms i Wliac
Things in Time of War have fafe Condu(f^, without Liberty asked
at the Prince? whether in Time of War theAfs and the Ox is free?
Whether the husbandman's Servant enjoys, by tlic Law ot Arms,
the fame Privilege with himfelf? Whether in Time of War it be
lawful to build Caftles and walled Towns ? How they ought to be
puniflicd that breaks the fafe Condudt or Aifurance of a Princ*?
whether a great Lord, or any in a meaner Dignity, oiJght to truft in
X fafe Condurt? Whether a Chriftian King may lawfully give a
fafeConduct to a SitracinY.\n<^oi2ny other Infidel Prince? Whether
if two Lords make Peace, and the One breaks it, theOthtfr ought ta(
break it likewife ? Whether it be better fo fight farting, or before
Meat or after Meat ? Whether Battle ought to be fet before La-
dies? And if Queen jfonat of Nciplt<: had Right, in her War a-
gainft Lezcis King ot Sicilj.

Then he proves that Duelling is againft all mariner of Laws j
yet he gives leventcen different Ca(cs, wherein by the Laws of Lom-
hardy 'tis lawful. Then he treats of tho(e who fight for their Prin-
ciples in Duels, and how far that is lawful : Then ot the Form and
Oath that is taken by thofe chat fight in Litis or Combats; Whether
a Man that is fupcrannuace may fubflicute another to fight for him
inBatdc? If any of the Company breaks iiis Sword, if another
fhould be given unto him? It the Lord or Judge cannot difcern
on the firfl Day who has the Advantage in the Field ; if he be obli-
ged to return on the fecond Day, and enter the Litis as before,
which ot the Parties ought to begin the Fight? If he that is over-
come ought to pay the other the Damages, tho* the King fhould
pardon diem ? If a Man is overcome in Duelling, if he may be
afterwards accufed in Law ? whether, if the Company pleafej, they
may fight in plain Field, without Barriers ? How tncy fhould be
punifhed that owns thcic Crime, and is openly overcome ? ^le-

ther

Vol. III. Ch/imherlam to Charles VI. Ktn^ 0/ Fiance

ther u'hcn one Knight chalengcs another, ht may be allowed to to-
pent and recall his Chalenge ?

Then our Author treats of Arms and Banners, in general and
particularly, and proceeds to the anfwcring of the following Que-
ftions; If a Man at his own tleafure may make choice of anothcc
Man's Coat ot Arms ? If a GtrmAn finds a Frtnchnmn in the Field
bearing the fame Coat ot Arms with him, if he ought to ippcal
him CO a Combat ? How they ougnt to be punilhed that aflume
the Arms of Otliers ?

Then he treats of all the different Colours us'd in Herauldry,
and of all the different Rules and Conditions that are to be obfcr-
ved in fighting of Duels : And concludes with the Duties mcumbenc
Upon Emperors Kings and Prince*; which he ends with th'efe Words^

Explicit Liber 'BeHo'ntm, fed fotius VohrUm.,
Vt recitAt Dodor in flttribtu'.

Next to this follows oiir Author's Trinflation, of Dr. Bonef^
Book of Chcvalry or Knight-hood, which contains eieht Chapters J
in the firft Chapter he tfelis us, how that a Baichelor, Squire of
Honour, travelling to the Coronation of a great Prince, with an
Intention to take upon him the Order of Knight-hood, he went a-
(Iray iri 4 Wildcirners, where he happened to light upon a Hcrmi-
tigc; in which lived in old and venerable Knight, that had fol-
iated the World for the Love of God; and how this old Knighc
taught the Squire all tlic Points of Honour, ind all that belong-
ed to the Duty of a Knight; ivhich is the fubje<5l Matter of all the
following Chapters, Wliere in the fecond Chapter, he, the old
Knight Slows, how he ought to receive that high Order, and how
he ought firft to be inftruded in every Thing that belongs to it.
The third contains all the Duties of a Knight. The fourth contains
their Form of Examination, and how he ought to be examined be-
fore he receives the Order. The fifth contains Dife(5lioni for hini
at th«i receiving of the Order, and the Form of giving it. In the
fixtli is explained the Significatidn of the Ayms of Knighf-hbod:
in the 7th he fhows the many Advantiges that Knights have iboVtf
othcii, by this honourable Order; and the laft fhd\*s the gfeac
Refpea: that ought to be »'hown to all of that Order, ending \Vitli
ihcle Words,

Explicit I'ordre Ji ChtVAlrie>

Aftet this follows our Authors Tidnflation of Dr. Boiiit's Book ti
Government of Princes, which is a Tiaflation of JnfotUs Poli-
tiAii and contains 10 Chapters, with d Prologue, (he#ind into ho*#
many Languages it had been irartflated, ind how It ^as fitft hiiind irl
thk Temple of the Sun, buUt by EfcUldpiiis> then follows ^V/t^
lation otKir)?,Altfcartdfr the Cttnti Lcttet t6 Arifimi wtcf hii
^ B 2 to/i'-

Tlje Life of Sir GILBERT HAY, Vol. HI.

tnd

Conqueft ot Per/la^ with ^njfotlts Anfwer, and two otlicr Letters
,Tch.""* o^ Ki^^g Alexander's and yirtfotler.

As tor our Author, 'tis probable that he died towards the Latter
End of the 14th Century; and from his Performance it appears,
that he was well feen, in the Civil, Canon and Military Laws;
and had he not been a Perfon of fingular Merit and Worth, he
had not raifed himfelf to the Dignities that he attain'd 10.

D

The Catalogue of his Works.

R. Bortefs Book^ 6^ Battles, Knight-hood and Government
of Princes, tranflated into Englifh^ in the Year 1456, in
M. S> f olio> ^cnes me.

The Bifhop of Or\nay''s Paper concerning
the Saintclairs,

FO R that as witntjtt that 'venerMl and tnaifi he Chronogrofhor
a^ariin, Pene tent tar and Cape lane of our Lord the Pape, a-
mangft uther cur is and foUcittidis of this fowand Warld ; the labilitie
and brevttie of tyrnms, maners, and of e^en in this 'vale of teris be-
and confident, it appeirith neidful to fett furth be right the Geneole-

feis of Progemtersy Kings, Princis, and of uthers preclare Nobilsy
e the quhiUks this W^irld tranfitore is ruleit, King raigns and Prin-
cis are gydit ; fpecialie cjuhtlcks are believit to proced may ft licklie be
Dedt4i^iQn and Knawlige of the Veritte of the Snccefsion of their for-
fathirs : Their for, to the Jliuflrie and mayfi excellent Lord or Prince.,
Supreame King of Norway, and to his Succeffors, Princes, ChefitenSf
Confuls, and to all hie Perfonis of the f aid Realme j Thomas be the
Grace of God, and of the Seit jipoflolicky Bifhop of Orknay and Zet'
land, (fc.

THE

Vol. III. 9

THE ''C^'

LIFEofMr.G£Oi?G£ WISHEART

Martyr.

Shall uflier in the Hiftory of the Reformation of our
Church of Scotland wi:h the Life of this celebrated
Kcfornier and Martyr, as we have the Particulars of it
fet down by Archbifhop Spotfivood, Mr. ICno.x, Mr. Cal-
derzvood and Mr. Petrte in their Churcii Hiftories of
Scotland.

This Gentleman was a Son of the Laird of VittarOiu, in rlie „g'J|"'''"*-
Mearns, he was born in tlie Rei^n of King James the Fifth, and
had iiis Education at t'ne Univernty of <iAberdeen^ wlierc, after he ^.^"J' """•
had finiflied tiie Courfe of iiis Studies in the Belles-Lettres and Phi-
lofopliy, he was fent Abroad by his Parents for his further Improve-
ment ; and having travel'd tlirough France and Germany, he came ^b*^^"^li,
over to England in the Year 15^3 [a)^ where he ftay'd for fomej^',",'',"^/,;
Time at the Univerfity of Cambridge, and return'd to his Native '"'• "l' ''•'
Country in the Year 1544. During his Travels Abroad, he em-'"""' '"
brac'd the Dodlrine of tlie Reformed Churches ; and finding upon tf'«'«f'"'n««i
his Return to Scotland, that many of all Ranks of People were of ' '*'°
the fame Mind, he openly declared himfelf Proteftant : And
coming to Dundee, he took upon iiini to inftrucfl the People pub-
lickly in the Rules and Principles of the Reformed Religion. Car-
dinal Beaton Archbifhop of Sr. Andrews being inform'd of thiS)
wrote to the Magiftrates of Dundee to difcharge Iiim their City:
They being afraid of being brought to Trouble for fheltring of
him, one Day as he was preaching to them, after Sermon, F<obert
Miln, a Man of great Power in the Town, by Order of the Ma-
giftrates, told him in the Hearing of all the People, that they de-
filed him to withdraw from their Town, and not to trouble them anych"g, f,','"^
more with his Sermons, which did fomewhat furprize him, confide- ^'^.'iJJli"'**
ring the great Intercft diat he thought he had in the Town by the
vafl Multitudes of People that came daily to hear him. So after
a little Silence, turning himfelf to Mr. Miln, he faid, God is my
Wttnefs, I mind it ever your Comfort, and not your Trouble, which
to me is more grievous than to your felves ; but Jure I am, to rejeH
the Word of God, and drive away his Mejftnger, is not the Way to
fave you from Trouble. When I am gone, God zvtU fend you Aleffen^ers
tvho will not be afraid, either for Burning or Banijhment ; I havt
loith Hiiz,-ard of my Life remain d amon^Jl you, preaching the Word
of Salvation, and novj flnce yov' your f elves refuje me, I mujl leave
Innocence to be declard by God : If it be long well with you, I am

C *iOt

(«) VJl UJIU, Lib. I* P.|. 4«o. ^'1. Lik. ». Pifi- ii> timfit, bb. ij. J". 5?8«

10 The Life of Mr. C \i O R ( i I: W I S f Ii: A R T ^^arty. Vol 1 ( :.

fxy'V^ ijQC led luith the Spirit of Truths and if TrottUe HriexpeHrd fall
v^-*^ upon )Oii, remember^ this is the Cattfe, and turn to God ly Repent, n <r,
for iJe is Mcniful. The Huil of AUrijchal, vvlio was one ol liis
j-learcis that Day, ofFei'd him his Protcdtioii if he would j.'o alon;;
with liini ; but he inaile Clioice rather ot ^oi'ig to the weftirfi
Parts of Scotland, becaufe he knew there were a threat many that
lavour'd the Reformation in thefe Tarts : He had not been lonji;
there, Aihen the Archbifhop of Glafgow, beini^ inform'cl of the
great Multitudes of People that came from all tiie atljaccnt Coun-
tries to hear his Sermons, he refolv'd in I'erfon to go into the
Places he fVccjuenred, and to inltrutft the People of the Dan^jcr he
conceived they were under of being deluded by him, ancK no
doubt to apprehend him, if poilibly he could. And upon ,this
Delign the Archbilhop made a Journey to the Town of Air: Rue
{hTv^T^i Alexander EarJ of Glencairn, a Noblenran, who became altcrwartis
*""*'"'""■ one of the main Supporters of the Reformation, and a Perlbn of
great Zeal, Refolution and Expedition in whatever he projected,
came with a Body of arm'd Men to the City of aAtr before him,
to proteiil: My-M'/Jheart, and he olVer'd by Force to place him in the
Church where the Riihop dedgn'd to preach upon Sunday : Mr.
Wijheart made rather Choice to preach at the Market Crofs, faying,
Thatthe Bijhops Sertnonwould not do much Hurt : Tiie next Sunday
M\-lVi /heart being defired to preach at the Church of Machlinc, he
went tliither, but in the Night-time the Sheriff of Air had put in
aC.arrifon of Soldiers in the Church to oppofe him; upon which
H/igh Campbell of KtngZjeaclngh, and others of the ParifK who
favour'd the Reformation, propos'd to enter by Force ; but fore-
feeing the doubtful Event, he would not permit them, telling them,
Jt is the Word of Peace that J preach unto you, the Blood of no Man
JI}all be Jhed for it this Day. Chrifl is as mighty in the Fields as in
the Church, and he himfelf when he livd tn the Flef>, preach'd
oftner in the Dcfart, and on the Sea Side, than in the Tc?/jpie of Je-
rufalcm. So walking alone on the Edge of the Muir on the South
Side of M.ichline, he preach'd to the Multitude that flock'd about
him, above three Hours : and all the Time he abode in thefe
Parts, he taught them with good Succefs.

After he had flay'd in the VVefl: for a Month, he receiv'd the
News of the Plague's being at Dundee, whereupon he refolv'd to
return to them, which he accordingly did ; and the next Day after
his Arrival, he gave Notice to the Inhabitants that he would preach
to them, the Sicknefs which had cut off a great many People flill
racing in the Town, he made Choice to preach to them upon the
Headof the Eajl Gate, the infedted Perfons {landing without, ajid
thofe that were free within : He made Choice for his Text the
20th Verfe of Pfalm lOy, He fen t his Word and healed them, and
delivered the?n from their DeJlrucJion. In which Sermon, he fo com-
forted them, that they intreated him to flay for fome Time amongfl
them, which he willingly agreed to ; and one Day as he came down

from

He feturni
<o Dutdtt.

Vol. 1 1 1. The Life of Afr.GLOKQL WIS H \i A R T c^artyr. 1 1

lioin I. c Er>y Gate, whicli was his Pulpit at that Time, one Sir ^(^j'»'j^_
John Wcighton a Pricft, bein^ apprehended with a Weapon in his v^-»s/«vj"
Hand, wirh a l^eHgn fas was luppos'dj to kill him, a great Tumult
arolc, and thole witiiout the Gate rufhing in, cry'd to have tlie dr.v'u,. "'
Murderer delivered to them ; but Mr. Wip^eart taking the Pricft in k pidTilied*.
jus Arms, faid, He hath done no Harm, only he hath J]:oiun us
ivhat ice are to fear in Ttme cowing, and fo prcfcrved him from
the Violence ot the Mob, who had otherwife torn him to Pieces.

The Plague having ceafed at Dundee, and he having made an
Appointment with the Noblemen and Gentlemen in the Weft who
favour'd the Reformation, to meet them at Edinburgh, he took his
Leave of the Inhabitants of Dundee and went to Montroje, where
he rcceiv'd a Letter from the Laird of Ktneer in Fife, intreating
Inm to come and vifit him in an heavy Sicknefs which he was then
lyint^ under j he prefently took Journey, and being accompanied
by lome of tiie Citizens of Montroje, who would needs go with
him a Part of tlie Way : He was not a Qiiarter of a Mile from the
Town, when all of a fudden he ftopt, favini; to tlie Company,
Tm forbidden of God to go this Journey, zvill fome of you be pleased
to ride to yonder Place (pointing with his Finf;er to a little Hill,)u.dto"in«r.
and fee what you'!/ find, for I apprehend there is a Plot againjl wj "J/iif !^ti-
Life: So turning back to the Town, they who went forward to the^,r^',"p",J
Place, found about Threefcore Horfemen to intercept them, which
they having infornVd him of, he faid, / know J f:all end my Life
in tbe Hands of that Man (meaning the Cardinal) but it zvill not
be after this Manner. Two or three Days after this he took Jour-
ney to Edinburgh, notwithftanding that the Laird of Dun did a\\ e"„'SJ,'^'*
he could to dilfwade him from it ; The firft Night he lodg'd at,^^;,^,^"'"*
Jnvergouric, two Miles from Dundee, where he ftay'd all Night at
one James Watfons, and rifing out of his Bed in the Night-time,
went to the Garden, where he continued for feme Hours in Prayer,
and upon his Return told one John Watfon and WiUiam Spalding,
who were lodged ia the fame Chamber with him, that his Courfe
of Life would be quickly at an End, but tiiat the Reformation
fhould be carried on with fuch Succefs, that the Light of Chrift's
Gofpel fhould fliine in Scotland with as great Puritv as ever it was in
fince the Days of the Apoftles. The next Day lie went to Perth^
from thence to Leith, where he.conceal'd himfelf for fomeDays*
He was very much affli(fted that the Lords and Gentlemen had not
kept their Appointment with him ; and upon the Sunday, he
preach'd to tliofe who favour'd the Reformation at Leith, upon-
the Parable of the Sower, in the Uth Chapter of St. Matthezu's
Gofpel : After Sermon he was advi(cd by his Hearers to leave the
Town, in cafe that a Search fhould be made for apprehending
liini; he follows their Advice, fometimes ftaying at Brunflon, and
otlicr times at Langneddrie and Ormijlort, but every Sunday he
preached openly in (bme Cliurch or other ; his lafl Sermon was at
Haddingioun, where he received a little before Sermon a Letter

C Z iiom

1 1 The Ltfe of Air. Ci l- C) R C; E W 1 S H £ A K T Martyr. V(,I. 11 f.

-p*^^*^ from die Noblemen aiu! Ccnrlcmen in the Weft, telliiif;; liim, that
ur\i^ ihcy could not keep tlie Diet appointed at Ediriiurghy which
gnev'd liim very much ; and calling Mr. Knox to him, who was
then attending him, he (aid, J atn ivenry of the World, fince J per-
cei've Men to weary of Cod ; yet he wcni to the I'ulpit and told
them, T'hiit Strari^^ers Jkould pojfefs their Hotifes, and chafe them
from their Habitatwns : Me likewile told them ot his own ap-
proaching Heath ; and taking his Leave of them, he went to the
o"7wV° Laird of Orw/'/Zt/w's Mou(e, accompanied by fevcrals, and amongft
ke"i[''"ppi;"the red was John Knox ; but he would not fuffer him to go along
henj.d. ^^,jj.|^ i^ji^^^ faying. One is enough at this Time for a Sacrifice.

That Night after Supper he entertain'd them with a long Dif-
courfe of the Happinels of God's Chilchcn ; and having caufed
fing the 51 rfldm, he went to Bed : About Midnight the Houfe
was befet with arm'd Men, whom the Governor of tlie Realm, the
Karl of Arran had fent to apprehend him. Ormijlon refufing to
deliver him, tlie Larl of Bothwell, then SheriflP of that County,
required that he might be deliver'd unto him ; and that if he did
fo, it ihould be neither in the Cardinal or Governor's Power to
do him any Harm. Orwifton having told this to Mr. Wifheart., he
dcfired him to open tne Gate, iaying, The blejjed Will of God he
done : So the Earl coming m, Air. Wifheart faid to him, eJ^
"Lord, 1 praife God that fo Honourable a Man as yon are does recei've
me this Ni/ht in the Pre fence of theje Noblemen ; I am afjurd your
Honour zvitl not permit any Thing to be done unto me againft the
Order of the Law. I am not tfnorant that all the Law ivhich they
icho Jeek my Life, ufe, is nothing but a Corruption, and a Cloak to
fhed the Blood of God's Saints, yet I lefs fear to die openly, than to
be murdered in fccret. Tiie l-ail ani.'ered, J fhall not only preferve.
your Body from Violence, if any be intended again f you, but J will
tromife you upon my Honour, in ] rcfen'e of theje Gentlemen, that
neither the Go^uernor fjall be able to ', jrm you, and that I fhall
keep you in my Power, till either I n.ake you free., or bring you back
to the Place zvhere I now receive )0!4.

The Earl carried Mr, Wfheart to Elphinfon, where the Cardi-
nal was expecling the Event ; and having inform'd him of all that
pall, and that the Lairds of Calder, Brunjlon and Ormi/hnwcrc
with Mr. Wf^eart when apprehended j a Party was immediately
difpatcli'd tor apprehending of them likewife, and Calder and
Ormifon were apprehended, and committed Prifoners to the
Heiieooi-Caftle of Edinburgh. But Brunflon made his Efcape,' and as for
Sh'.hcour Author, he was firft taken to the Caftle of Edinburgh, and
fUrLtJ. after that brought to the Houfe of Hales, where tlie Earl of
BothweU\Wd, and it was a good long Time before die Earl could
be prevail'd with to deliver him up, but at length he yielded,
.h.'^ncc r^r and Mr. Wijheart was remitted to the Caftle of Edinburgh, and
l:!2"ul Shortly after Prifoncr, to St. Andrews,

Mr.

Vol. in. T/;? Life of Mr. G1E.OKGE W I S H E A R T Martjr. l J

Mr. Wtlhcart was no fooncr come to St. j4ndrcivs, but tlieJJ^*^^
Cardinal wrote to the Prelates to meet upon the 17th of Fcbm- ^■'V^
(tr) 1 542.> in order to try him for Hercfie. Wlien the Archbifhop
of Glajgoiu came, he advifed the Cardinal to fix-lc a CommilTion
Tiom the Governor to fome Perfon of Qiiality that might execute
Tuftice, and free the Clergy from the Imputation of his Death :
The Cardinal was pleas'd with the Advice, and no ways doubted
but the Governor would grant his Dcfire ; but by the Advice o£
T)a'vid Hitmtlton of Prefiotiu, he not only refufed to grant a Com-
niidion, but wrote to him, that he would not confent to Mr.
IVifhe^irt's Death, unlefs by due E.xamination he were found guilty
and de(ervin(T of it; and if he proceeded againfl him, and did
take his Life, he would make a Proteftation, and require his Blood
at his Hands. Tiiis Anfwer having incens'd the Cardinal, he wrotd
to tiie Governor, that he needed not his Authority for trying of
Hereticks, but only that Juftice might be done againfl him, with
the Confent of the Laicks, as well as die Clergy; which, fince hci
could not obtain, he would proceed as he thought fit : And im-
mediately he ilTued out an Order for citing Mr. Wtf^edrt the next
Day before him. Mr. WtJIieart having got the Summons, faid.
The Cardinal needed not fummon me, for I am in his Hands, and
kept fal} in Irons, fo that he may compel me to anfwer when hi
pleafes ; but to flow zvhat Men you are, 'tis well done to keep your
forms and Conjlitutions.

The next Day the Cardinal and Bifhops bein^ met in the Abbay
Church, MuWtfleart the Prifoner was prefented by the Captain of
the CaiUe ; and then the Sub-Prior Mr. John Windram preached „^,,.,.^
a Sermon upon the Lawfulnefs of punifliing of Hereticks, and offor^H.^-^»,^
putting them to Death : After Sermon Mr. Wiflnart being plac'd «,^af hi!
m a Seat over againll John Lauder a Prieft, who had a long Scroll
of a Paper in his Hand, containing the Articles laid to his Charge,
which beuifT read, he was defired to anfwer them Article by Ar-
ticle : But 'before he would give any Anfwer, he bowed his Knees
and made his Prayers to God ; then he gave them an Account of
the Dodrines which he had taught fince he came to Scotland^
whicii he faid, were nothing but what was contain'd in the Ten
Commands, the Twelve Articles of the Creed, and the Lord's
Prayer ; and that at Dundee he had preach'd upon a Part of the
Epiftle to the Romans. As he was proceeding, he was ftopt here
by his Accufers, who asked him, How he came to ufur^ the Power"
of Preaching at his own Hand, without any lawful Calling from
the Church, and was defired to give a pojiti've Anfwer to this 1
Upon wiiich he apneal'd to an indifferent Judge. Lauder taking
him fliarply to Task for this, and for declining the Cardinal's Au-
thority ; but he told them. That he did not condemn my Lord,
Cardinal, hut defrd that the Word of God might he his J^dge,
and fome of the Temporal Eflate, lutthfome of thetr Lord flips then
prefent, hecaufe he was my Lord Governor's Prifoner. But this be-

14 The Life o/M-. GEORGE W I S H E A R T e;^^r/)r. Vol. III.

^^^•''^ jng dcny'd him, the Articles that were laid to his Charge wer«
v^N'"v read again : To whicli lie returned the following Anfwcrs, as v/e
liave them in Fox\ Martyrology, and Mr. Knox\ Hiftory, by which
the Reader will compreliend all that was laid to his Charge. h%
to the Firft, concerning his Contempt of die Church's CcnUirc, he
fa id, It luas better to ohc) God than Man, and that their Curings or
Excommunications ivoitld he turned into Blejjings, according to that
of the Prophet Malachi, I Jl)all curfe your Blejjtngs, and llejs your
Cur/ingSy faith the Lord. As to the Second, ot his Contc-mpt of
Churcli Ceremonies, he faid, The outward Service of the Body,
zoithout the inward Service of the Heart, was not a true ferving of
Cod. As to the Third, concerning the Number of the Sacraments,
he faid, TTjat he never condefcended upon the Number of the S.^cra-
ments, hut only owndfuch as zvere mflituted by Chrifl in the Gof-
pel. As to the Fourth, concerning auricular Confeliion, he ac-
knowledged, That auricular Confejfon had no Ground in the Word
of God, and confequently could be no Sacrament, but confejjing our
Sins to God was a Duty upon all Men. As to the Fifth, concerning
the Piomifes given in Baptifm, he acknowledged. That it was
necelJary to under /land what we promisd in the Name of the Child
to God in Baptifm. To the Sixth, concerning the Sacrament of
the Altar, he faid. That he never faid any Thing concerning the
Sacrament of the Altar, but zvhat was conform to the Scriptures ;
and zvhat zvas laid to his Charge, zvas the Exprejjion of a Jew, zvith
zvhom he had a Conference as tfjey zvere failing upon the Rhine, and
zvho upbraided the Chriftians /or zvorfhipping as their God a Piece
of Bread that zvas bak'd upon the Afhes. As to the Seventh, con-
cerning extreme Uncflion, he faid. That he never either oivrid or
difozvrid in his Preaching, zvhether Extreme VnSfion zvas a Sacra-
went or not. As to the Eighth, concerning Holy Water, he ac-
knowledged, That he never taught any Thing concerning Holy
Water, but that Exorcifm and Conjurings zvere not conform to the
Word of God. As to the Ninth, concerning Holy Orders, he ac-
knowledged. That as to the Prieflhood^ he had taught according to
St. John, God has made us Kings and Priefls, and according to Sty
Peter, He hath made us the Kingly Priefthood : So that all zvho
tmderjland, and are perfe^ in the Word of God, and the true Faith
of Jefus Chrifl, has his Power from God by his Word, zvhich accor-
ding to St. Paul is called the Power of God, and not from Men :
That they who are ignorant have no Pozver to bind or loofe, feeing
they zoant the Infrument by zvhich he bindeth and loofeth, that is to
fay, the Word of God. To the Tenth, concerning Free-Will, he
acknowledged. That thofe zvho firmly believe in Chrifl, h^d a Free-
zvili, according to that of St. John, If the Son make you free, then
fliall you verily be free ; but thofe that believe not in Chrifi have no
Iree-will, for he that finneth is bound to Sin. To the Eleventh,
concerning Abftinence, he acknowledged, Tijat as to the abfiaining
from Flefh upon Friday, he had taught^ that nothing defkth the Man

thai;

Vol. III. The L//f o/' M-. G E O R G E W I S H E A R T ^^iarty. 1 5

that ts pure and holy, according to that of St. Paul, That he who ^J^^,
is clean, to him all Things are clean, but to the unclean all Things ^•''v^
arc unclean. To the Twelfth, concerning praying to Saints, fie
acknowlcdG,ed, T^hat he difownd praying to Saints, and taught his
Hearers only to pray to God, according to that of the firji Command^
Tiiou fhalt honour and woifhip the Lord thy God with all thy
Heart. As to the Thirteenth, concerning Purgatory, he acknow-
ledged, Hjat he could find no Grounds for a Furgatory in all the
Scriptures. As to the Fourteench, concerning tlie Vow of Chaflity,
he acknowledged. That there zvere three Sorts of chafl Men that
are hlejjcd by the Scripture of God, thofe who vje*-e gelded from the
Womb, thofe zuho have gelded themfelvesfor the Kingdom of Heaven^
end thofe zvho are gelded by Men ; but that the Voivs of Chaflity
taken by Priefls, zvho have not the Gift of Chaflity, expofes them to
many Inconveniencies. As to the Fifteenth, concerning General
Councils, he acknowledged he was ignorant of them, but that the
Word of God was the Standard of his Faith. To the Sixteenth,
concerning tlie difowning of Churches, he abfolutely deny'd it.
As to the Seventeenth, concerning Fafting, he faid, That he was

He
g him with

aflerting, that tlie Soul was not immortal, but flept with the Body
till the Day of Judgment.

After this, Sentence was pronounced againft him, and he was

condemn'd to be burnt alive as an Hcictick, then he was fent back Hci.coru

totheCaftle, and lodg'd in the Captain's Chamber that Night, b'„:.l"''X?

the greatefl Part whereof he fpent in Prayer. Next Morning earlv,

two Friars were fent to him, to advertife him to prepare for Death,

vhich after they had done, they ask'd him, if he would confefs

himfelf : He told them, that he had nothing to do with them, but

that he would be glad to fpcak to the learn'd Man who preach'd

the Day before : Upon this the Sub-prior was fent to him, and

having conferr'd with him a good Time, he ask'd Mr. M/lfjeart if

lie would receive the Sacrament. To' which he anfwered, mod

willingly, if I may have it adminiflrated according to Chrift's In-

llitution in both kinds. Upon this the Sub-Prior went to the Cler-

Cy, and told them that he had conferr'd with the Prifoner, who

had folemnly affirm'd to him that he was free from all the Crimes

that were laid to his Charge, and that he had not done this out

of any Dcfirc of obtaining his Life, but to vindicate his Innocence.

This fo incens'd the Cardinal and Clergy, who had condemned

hini, tliat they told him, he iiad favour'd too much that Way

Ihmfelf. Tiien liie Sub-Prior asked them, if they would permit

him to cive the Sacranient to the Prifoner. After they conferr'd

among themfclves about tliis, it was agreed that he fliould not have

tlic Benefit of tlie Sacrament, it not being reafonable that an obfti-

natc Hcietitk condemn'd by the Cliurch fliould have any fpiritual

Bcnc/It. D I When

J 6 The Life 0/ M-. C L O K C E W I S H E A R T Marty. Vol, \\l

■ — ■■ -■ . — — — ^ J — .

rs-A.^ When Mr. Wi/f^c^yt licarcl tliey had clcny'cl him tlie benefit ot
t^^>^ jl^e Sacianiciu, he refolv'd to rake it of himfclf : So the (./aptain
j,™"ctopoin<; to Breakfait, and asking Mr. Wijheart \i lie would take Part
'""'^'"^' v'ith'^hnn, he anfwered, verv wiHingly, becaufe, he perceiv'd
that he was a good Man, and one that feared God : Tlie Tahle
bcinii covered, and the Bread brought, he rcquir'd their Attenti-
on and fpokc upon the Inllitution ot the Sacrament above halt
an Hour ; then he blefled the Bread, broke it, and diftributc it to
tlicm ; likcwiCe having blefled the Wine, he delivered the Cup to
them cxhortin" them to remember with Thanktulnefs the Death
of our Lord Jefus Chrift in this his Communion with them ; and
and fo concluding with a Thankfgiving, he withdrew to his Cham-
ber, deririn<T them to remember him in their Prayers.

Not lon'^after this, two Executioners came to him, one of whom
apparel'd him in a black Sure of Linen, the other faftned fomc
Ba^s of Powder to all the Parts of his Body ; then they brought
him to an outer Room, where he was commanded to ftay till all
Things were in Readincfs ; and when all was prepar'd, he was led
forth^with his Hands tied beh.ind his Back, witli a Guard of Sol-
diers to die Place of Execution, where a Scaffold was eredfed, in
the midft of which was a great Pole, to which he was tied, and
over af^ainft him was all the Cannon of the Caflle planted, in
cafe any fhould have atten)pted to relieve him. The forepart of
the Tower wiiich looked to the Place of Execution was hung with
rich Tapeflry and Cufhions for the Cardinal and Clergy, who
would needs be prefent at his Execution. Having mounted the
Scaffold, he addrels'd himfelf to the People, exhorting them not
to be fhaken in their Faith by the Manner of his Death, but to re-
main fledfafl in the fame, as he had taught it to them ; upon
which he fell upon his Knees and prayed : Then being tied to the
Stake, cried aloud, O Saojiottr of the World ha've Mercy upon me :
Hi. D«th FiUher of Heaven, I commend my Spirit unto thy Holy Hands. The
.nd'chiu- £xecutioners having kindled the Fire, the Powder that was faftned
to his Body immediately kindled. The Captain of the Caftle, who
ftood near to him, perceiving that he was ftill alive, comforted
him, and defircd him to recommend his Soul to God: To which
Mr. W'P^eart reply'd, This Flame has fcorched my Body, but has not
dimmed my Spirit ; but, he who from yonder high Place beholdeth us
zvith JHch 'Pride, Jhall in a few Days lie in the fame, as ignomini-
oujly, as he is now Jeen proudly to reft himfelf: After which one
of the Executioners drawing the Cord that was tied about his Neck,
ftopt his Breath, fo that he fpoke no more : And the Fire encrea-
fino;, his Body was quickly reduced to Afhes, upon the id Day of
March I 'Sa^'j. All our Proteftant Hiftorians have given very large
Accounts of this Gendeman's dying Speeches and Behaviour,
wherein they have reprefented him, as a Perfon, on whom God had
beftowed the fame Gifts and Graces that he had beftowcd upon
his ancient Prophets. And Mr. Knox fays, That he was the mo(l

worthy

Vol. III. Tl^Life of Mr. GEORGE VV I S H E A R T c:7l4cirtyr. 1 7
icorthy Man of his Age, and one on whom God had beftoucd fuch

r>^A^^>

Graces as was never heard within this Reabn, yea and are rare to '-A/'nj
k found yet in any Man ; notwithflanding this great Ligijt of God,
that fince his Days hath fhined on «j, he Was not only fingtdarly
learned, as well in all godly Knozvledge, as in all honejl human
Science, htt alfo he zvas fo clearly ilfuminaied zvith the Spirit of
Prophecy, that he jaw not only Things pertaining to himfelf- hut alfo
Things, as fome Towns, and the zvhole Realm afterwards felt, which
he forefpake, not in Secret, hut in the Audience of many.

But notwichdanding ot all tiiofc high Encomiums, others have
riven but a very bad Cliara(fler of him ; and it is but juft that we
Ihoiild hear, and impartially examine what they have faid, that the
Reader may be fully intruded to form an exadl Judgment of him:
And in the Firfi Place they fay. That Mr. Knox, who gives this
favourable Account of him, and from whom all the reft of the
Hiftorians have copied it, being his intimate Friend and Compa-
nion,, and a Man ot no Faith or Credit in his Narratives of the
Matters ot Facff in theic Times, what he fays of him is not much
to be relied upon, idly. That he (by his own ConfeHion j was
one of thofc tliat jo)n'd with the Dirturbers of the Government;
and by his Examination it plainly appears, that he moft impioufly
took upon him the Adminillration oi the Sacramentr, and all the
other Parts ot the Sacerdotal Office, without ever being ordain'd,
or having the Impofition of Hands : And if we may belie/e Demp-
fer, he was a Man of no Letters, but of great Forwardnefs and
Impudence. 3^/y, That it is noftrange Thinjr to fee all Secftarians
claiming to their pretended Entlusflaftical Prophets, and going to
Death with Refolution, and Raptures of Devotion, in Defence of
very unaccountable Dodrines, and fuch as are deftru(flive not only
to the Fundamentals of Chriftianity, butlikewife to the very Eifence
and Conftitution of all human Society, ^thly. They fay. That all
his Prophec^ies proceeded from his clofs Correfpondence and In-
telligence with the Englifh, and thofe of his own Party, fuch as
the taking of the Town of Haddintoun by the Englijh, the Pro-
phecy about the AmbuOi tiiat was laid for Iiim as he was going to
Fife, and tiiat there was no Plague in Scotland in the Year 1544,
othcrwife, that Bifhop Lefy, who liv'd at that Time, and who wrote
die Hiftory of thefe Times, would not have omitted fuch a memo-
rable Piece of Calamity, that it was no ftrange Thing- for him to
be fpeaking always of his approaching Death, fince he knew that
the Covernour of the Realm and the Cardinal had made conftanr
Search for him ; and that he could not efcape if once he fell in
their Hands : And in one Word, Tliat the whole of his Prophecies
confifted of an admirable Faculty, that he had in making his In-
telligence pafs for Prophecies amongft the Vulgar. But, Lajily,
What is moft heavy upon him, is their Accufation againft him, of
having a main Hand in contriving the Cafdinal's Murder, which
Dempfler fays, was the Ground he proceeded upon in his Prophecy

Jt againft

j8 The Life of Mr. GKORGE WISHEART Martyr. Vol. \\l

r>y^^ a^ainft the Cardinal at his Death : And I have fcen in the r,awyers
W^ Library at Edinbur^h^ wliat feeins to confirm this : For \fj\\cn the
Earl of Hartford refided at NewcaftU as Lieutenant of the North
of England., the Lords of the Reformation, who were then I'en-
fionaries to tlie King of England, fent Mr. Wijhrart witl\ a IVopo-
fal of killing the Cardinal, as we find by the Larl of Iiarlford\
Letter to King Henry, dated ^pril 17th, 1544. (b) Wherein he
has thefe Words, H^his Day arrived from Scotland Mr. Wifhcart,
zuho brought me a Letter from my Lord Hrimfton, ivhich f fend your
Hi^hnefs herewith, and according to his Reqitejls I ha've taken Order
of the Repair of the faid Air. Wirtieart to your Majejly, for the
JDelivery of fuch Letters as he hath to your Majefly from the
Lord Brimfton ; and alfo for the [aid Declaration of his Credance,
zuhich, as J can perceive by him, confifleth of tioo Points ; one in the
Laird of Grange, late Treajurer of Scotland, and the Majler of
Rothes, the Earl of Rothes his eldefl Son, and John Cliarrers, zvho
would attempt either to apprehend or flay the Cardinal atfome Time
zvhen he JI:onld pafs through the Fite Land, as he doth fnndry Times
to St. Andrews ; and in cafe they can Jo apprehend him, zvill deliver
him lip to your Majefy ; which Attempt, he fays, they would enter-
trizje if they knew your Alajefys Pleafure therein : yind what
Supportation and Maintenance your Majefly ivili minifer unto them
after the Execution of the fame, in cafe they fhould be purfu'd after-
zvards by any other Enemits.

DempJIer tells us, That Mr. Wifheart wrote a Book againfl:
■""/.=■ Qutntin Kennedy khhot of Crofs-Re^al, and Uncle to the Lord
woiki. Cajjils, and another upon the Lord s Supper, horn the Writings

of Luther ; and Knox (ays, he wrote fome Things in Prifon,
which his Enemies deftroy'd ; But we have nothing now extant
of his that I know of, but fome Extratfts of Sermons and Con-
ferences in jBat's Martyiology, A^iox his Hiftory, and our other
Hiftorians.

The Catalogue of his Works.

L '"W^Hemata Fidei contra Quintinum Kennedum.
II. 1. De Casna Domini ex Luthero.

HI. Extracts of Sermons and Conferences. Vid. FoxV Martyrology,
Knox, Spotfwood, ^c.

THE

H) \iic Sir Ralfi Sad. Bib. ]. C. C £i.

Vol. III.

An. I j4f«

THE "^^"^

LlFEoiVAVID BEATON, Cardinal
SanCti Stepbani in monte Ccclio, and
Arch-Biihop of St. Andrews.

~"^ HIS Prelate was defcended from an Ancient Fa-
mily in the Shire of Fife, being a Son of the Laird „";'''^*
of Balfour s ; He was born in the Reign of King """'■"'^
James the Fourth, had his Education at the
.,.,„,. Univerfity o^ St. Andrews, where, after he had

finiflied tlie Courfe of his Studies in the Belles-Lettres and Philo-
fophy, he was fent over by his Parents to the Univerfity of Paris^
where he ftudied Theology for feveral Years {a). He cntred into
Holy Orders, and had feveral Benefices beftowed upon him; and
being a Gentleman of a bright and lively Spirit, became a great
Favourite of King James the Fifth's j wlio fent him over as iiis
Ambaffador to Francis King of France, and Pope Paul tlie Third.
In which Negotiation he acquit himfelf fo well, to the Satisfacftion Amb.(f.dor
of them all, that each of them upon his Return, befiowed upon pmo*ed' w
him tlie Marks of tlieir Favour. For Pope Paul the Third made him ni","' °'''
Cardinal Saniii Stephani in Monte Ccelio on the 1 3th of tlie Kalends
of January 1558. Francis King of France promoted him to the
Bifhoprick of Meropois, being confecrated upon the Fifth o( De-
cember 1 537. And upon the Death of his Uncle James Beaton
Archbifliop of St. j4ndrews^ King James the Fifth promoted him
to that See: And the Pope, as a further Mark of his Favour, made
him Legatus a Latere in the Year 1559. Archbifliop Spotftvood
fays, that he likewife fucceeded his Uncle in the Abbacy of y^her-
brothock, but tlie learned Dr. Jamefon in his M. S. Notes upon
Bifhop Spotfwood's Hiftory in my Cuftody, fliews that his Uncle
gave liim the Abbacy of Ahcrhrothock in the Year 1544, refervin^^
only to himfelf the half of the Rents: And upon the idth of July
the fame Year : One Mr. John Gibjon Bifliop of Libarna or Ltbra-
ria in partibus infidelium, had a Power to Exercife his Epifcopal
Office in the Diocefs of St. u^ndrews, with Confent of the Cardi-
nal, and a Penfion of 200 Pound Scott out of the Rents of die
Biflioprick of St, Andrews.

Tiiis Prelate was no foonei" promoted to the See of Sr. yindreivs,
but to tcftific iiisZcal to the Roman Sec, and his Benefacflor Pope
Pa\d die Tiiird, he made it his; Bufuiefs to pcrfecutc with Fire and
Sword tliofe of the Reformed Religion } and for diat Efid lie
brought aloiigs with him to %x.. Andrews^ the Earls of Huntly,

E 1 Arran,

Jo Vul.i/"- l..b. .-. ».. 61). «y, I). L>f. Lib. 10. V. 41(7. V,m,f. Ub. x. V. HK. D. J»m.fm, Nui„ upoo A/«. ftMi

He ptrle-

20 Tl)e Life of Gird i mi I Bl'ATON, Vol. ill.

'^^ ylrran, Miirifhal and Montroje ; Lords, Fleeming, Linrlfay, i.rs'km
^^V*^ and Sentoti, Ga'vin h\x\\-\\\[\\o^ o\ Glaf^ow Cliantcllor, l\'iUiam
Eifhop oi Qy^bcrdecn, Henry Bilhop of GaUowa), John JJilhop of
'Brechen, and Williarn Bifhop of Diimblain, ALbots of' oPMilrofs^
Durnfemilin^, Lir/Jores CLiid Kinlofs, and a great Niiniher of i^riors,
curri the Deans and Doctors of Theology : Tliefc having u\ci u\ the Ca-
thedral Church of Sr. Andrews, and the Cardinal being plac'd in
a Chair above the relt, told them of the great Danger the Catho-
lick Church was in, by the Proceedings of King Henry the Jj'ghth
in Engbncly and by the great Increafe of Herefie in Scotland, yea
even in the King's Court, where it met with a too favourable Re-
ception, and that none was more induflrious in fpreading thefe
Heretical Doiflrines xhm\ Sir John Borthwick; knd therefore had
caus'd him to be cited before tlieii), for maintaining the following
Heretical Docflrines. i. That the Pope had no greater Authority
over Chriftians, than any other Bifhop or Prelate, 2. Tiiat Indul-
gences and Pardons granted by the Pope were of no Force or
EfFedV, but dcvilifli, to amufe the People, and deceive poor igno-
rant Souls. ^. Tiiat Bilhops, Priefts and other Clergymen may
lawfully marry. 4. That the Herefies commonly called the Here-
sies of Englcindy and their new Liturgy was to be commended by
all good Chriflians, and to be embrac'd by them ; but in this Ar-
ticle our Ecclefiaftical Hiftorians are certainly in a Miflake, for
there was no new Liturgy before that of Edward the Sixth.
5. That the People of Scotland are blinded by their Clergy, and
profefs not the true Faith. 6. That Church^men ought not to
enjoy any Temporalities. 7. That the King ought to convert the
fuperfluous Rents of the Church into other pious Ufcs. 8. That
the Church of Scotland ought to be reformed after the famt man-
ner, as that of England was. 9. That the Canon Law was of no
Force, being contrary to the Law of God. 10. That Orders of
Friars and Monks fhould be aboliflied, as has been done in England.
II. That he had openly called the Pope a Simoniack, for that he
had fold fpiritual Things. 12. That he did read Heretical Books,
and the New Teftament in EngHfh^ with feme Treatifes written by
]\4elctnchton Oecolompadiiis, and other Hereticks, and that he not
only read them himfelf, but diftribute them amongfl: others. And
Lafily, That he openly difown'd the Authority of the Roman See.

Thefe Articles being read, and he not compearing, nor any for'
him, he was taken as a confefl Heretick, and condemn'd as an
Herefiaich, for fo the Sentence bears. His Goods were order'd to
be confifcate, himfelf burnt in Effigie, if he could not be other-
wife apprehended, and all manner of Perfons inhibited to entertain
him,- or converfe with him, under the Pain of Excommunication
or Forfeiture : And this Sentence was part againft him upon the
28th of May 1 540, and the fame Day his Pid ure was burnt in
the open Market-Place of St. Andrews, and two Days after, at
EdinbHrgh. Sir John Borthwick hearing how they had proceeded

againft

Vol. III. ylrch-Bijlop of St. Andfews. 2^

againft liim, ricd into England, where, he was kindly rfeceiv'd byj>»'^^
King Henry die Eighth, who Tent him AmbalTaddr to the Prote-C^V^'
(lant Princes in Germany, to make a League betwixt hirn and them
againft the Pope. This Gentleman wrote an Apology for himfelf
which Mr. Knox has inferred in his Martyology ; and for his
Learning, Piety and Valour, Dr. y(?/;«/?o« has inferred him amongft
our Scots Heroes with the following Encomium (a).

TOHANNES BORTHUICUS
Eques darijjimus, tarn charus JACOB O V. Re^i ob eximias
njirtutes, (mam inqjifus Sacerdoium ordini ob 'veram pietatem /«/>. B.r^.i«SV
Ob cujMS Jinceram profejjtonem abfens damnatui eft: Bofia in Jifcumch"!la',u
relata : Effigies pofi varia ludtbria igne cremata Andreapoli 29
Maii, Anno Chrifit 1 540. Cut damnationi doiiijjimam Apologiam
oppofuit, qiu extat in monumentis Martjrum. Multis annis poftec*
fuperjles, Jenex placida morte obiit.

Sen peragenda foret mihi res ingintibUs aujts,

Seu Jors intrepidis dura ferenda animis,
Vtrtimqite addidtci hoc, auaere ingentia in armis;

Et fcrre invidJis afpra ^ acerba animis
2Slec mthi cur a met eji ufquam, cur am anteit omnern

Vna poll, ^ pur A Religionis amor.
Mille notant probris caput hoc crudelibus Hoftes

jibjenticiue cremant ignibus ejjigiem.
Ve capite, 0 fatui ! njobts fas ludere tantum.

T)e me qut ftatmt arbiter alter erit.

An Interview being pfopos'd at Tork bfcxtwixt King Henry the
Eiglith and King James the Fifth, his Nephew; to which both
Princes having agreed, the Cardinal and Clergy being afraid
that King Henry might prevail with his Nepiiew to take tlie fame
Meafures that he had done in England, diffwaded him from itj^'d'Tw/deJ
whic'h was the Caufe of a bloody War betwixt the tWo Nations, from m«~'
and tile Occafion of that incomparable Prince's Death, as I have u«u''li*'''
(hown at Lengdi in the id Volume of this Work, in the Life of '^''**
that Princci King James the Fifth was no fooner dead, but the
Cardinal did fuborn a Prieft called Henry Balfour, to forge the,h"*K?nT^
King's laft Will, whereby it was declar'd that he had committed to*****"*
the Cardinal, the Earls of u4rgyle, Huntly and Murray, the Govern-
ment of the Realm during his Daughter's Minority ; and this he
caufed to be proclaim'd over the Market Crofs Of Edinburgh otx
the Munday after the King's Death ; but the reft of th^ Nobility
having met, and finding that the King was not irt 4 Condition to
grant a Warrant for forming of a Teftament, they madd Choice of
Jamt$ Earl of Arran to be Governour of the Realm dufing the
Queen's Minority.

P In

U) Vti« 7't«». 7.*./. H*rOH ifM. tig, 17.

22. The Life of Cardinal B b A T O N, Vol. fif.

aY^ In the Beginning of the Year i 545, a Propofal being made by
^•'V^' King Henry the Eighth, of a Match betwixt the Prince of IVales his
elded: Son, and the Infant Queen of Scotland ; the Govcrnoiir and
Nobility who rehOi'd the Propofal, being afraid that tlic Cardinal
Heiiim- and Clergy would oppofe this Match, they committed the Cardi-
rf;;r^;u-nal Prifoner to the Caftle of Dalkeith, and from thence he was
'""'• remov'd to St. Andrews. The Matcli with England bein^ violently
oppos'd by the Queen Mother, and a great Part of the Nobility,
it was agreed amongft them that the Cardinal fhould be fct at
Liberty, and the Lord Seaton undertook to do it, and accordingly
did erfed uate the fame ; and they all met at Linlithgow upon tlie
24th Day of July, where tiiey enter'd into a Bond, whereby they
obliged themlelves to ftand by one another with their Lives and
Fortunes, in Oppofition to the Match witii England. For the Car-
dinal and Clergy plainly torefaw, riiat if the Match with England
did prove cffedual, it would neceffarly bring on fuch a Reforma-
tion in Scotland as had been made in England ; and therefore they
appointed a prefent Colle(5lion to be made of as much Money as
each Clergy-man could conveniently allow; and the inferior Clergy
were appointed to preach in their Sermons againll: the Match with
England, as tending to the Ruin of the Catholick Religion. The
NoLility who had not fo much Religion in their View, as the
breakinj^ of the Ancient League with France, which they and their
Predeceffors had often fworn to keep violably, they oppofe it upon
that Account; befides, they thought that fuch a Match mull needs
tend to the Glory and Happinefs ot England, and to the Ruin ot
Scotland ; which by this, from an independent Kingdom, would
dwindle into a Tributary Province.

Upon the 4th ot September the Governour came to Stirling to be
Witnefs to the Queen's Coronation, and to be reconcil'd to the
Queen Mother and Cardinal ; for by this Time he found that tlie
King of England had never any real Defign of a Match betwixt the
Qiieen and the Prince ol Wales, but only to fee if he could get the
Infant Qiieen in his Cuflody, as evidently appears from Sir Ralph
Sadler s Letters in the Lawyers Library at Edinburgh. The Coro-
nation of the Qiieen was perform'd with great Pomp and Solemnity
upon the 4th Day of September ; and at this Time, our Hiftorians
fay, that the Governour forfook the reformed Religion, and turn'd
Catholick again : Upon which he received Abfolution from the
Cardinal ; but the Truth is, he was never Proteftant : And that for
which the Cardinal gave him Abfolution, was, that he knew of, and
might have hinder'd the killing of a Friar At Dundee, as we learn from
a Letter from Sir Ralph Sadler to Kin^ Henry, dated upon the 5th
of September this Year. The Cardinal having thus eilablifli'd his
Authority as much as ever, he refolv'd to begin where he left otF,
in profecuting thofe of the Reformed Religion ; but taking the
PrU'.Vd'ingi Governour alongs with him, they came to Perth, where, upon rlie
j?oteflJi»'! Delation of one Fnar Spence ; Robert Lamb, William Anderjon,

James

Vol, 111. y^rch-BiJhop of St. Andrews. ij

— ■ I

James Ranald, Jamci Hunter, Sind Helen Stirk his Wile, ucre^/,"^^
apprehended, examni'd, and found guilty, and all of them han'j,'d,^''>^
except the poor Woman who was drown'd. Sir Henry Elder, li^il-
ter riper, and Laurence BuUar, with fome other Bur^efies were
banilli'd. Tiie Lord Ruthven Provoft of die Town was'"put out of
his Office as a Favourer of the Reformers. From Perth tiie Cardi-
nal went to Angus and the Mearns, where he likewifc made a vifro-
rous Inquifition, and tlien return'd to Edinburgh, where he caus'd
apprehend Mr. Wijheart, and burnt him at Si. J^ndreivs, as we have
fhown in his Life.

Thefe vigorous Proceedings of his fo incens'd thofe wlio favour'd
the Reformation againft him, that they refolv'd to murder him •.'*"i •<>»«-
This had been propos'd to the Earl of v4ngus, and his Brotlier Sir " °"
George Douglas long before by King Henr^j the Eighth; and rliey
had employed Mr. Wijheart in the Aff'air ; but Mr. IViJheart being
appreliended and put to Deatli, they became more incens'd againft
the Cardinal than ever ; and immediately difpatch'd one John
Henry, and another called Wilfon for King Henry s furtlier In-
ftrudiions, as we learn from a Minute to the Earl of Hartford, dated
May 17th, wiiicli is as follows : (a) After our hearty Commenda-
tion to your good Lordf^ip ; whereas the Qj^eens Afajefy hath pre-
fently difpatch'd John Henry, Scotfman, and Wilfon, who werefent
unto her Highnefs from the Mafler of Rothes, and others in Scotland
with Credences ; and have alfo appointed his Majefys Trujlee Mr.
Fioleroft and ]o\\n Rogers to pafs with them into Scotland, forfuch
Purpojes, and to fuch Ends, as by Inf ructions which you fiau receive
herewith may more at large appear unto them. TTjefe be to advertife
your Lordfip, That her Highnefs confidering that it pall be very
hard for them to pafs furdy to the End of their Journey by Land,
have wiWd us to fignify to you, that her Highnefs Pleaftfre is, that
you /hall caufe a convenient Vejjel for their fure Tranfporting and
Convoyance to the Mouth of the River Tay, to be Jecretly prepard
and furnifid ivith as much Diligence as you may.

Tliey had not the Patience to wait till tliefe Gentlemen return'd,'

but agreed amongft tliemfelves to, meet privately at St. Andrews ne fD,^

upon tlie 2.8th .ofMtj, and upon the 2.9th thev met about tlueeD«u!!'^

of the Clokk in the Morning in the Abbay Churcli-Yard, all Things

fucceedcd as they could have wifh'd {b). Young Grange at his firft

coming found the Gates of the Caftle open, and entring witli Six

who attended him, cntertain'd the Porter, by asking him if the

Cardinal was afleep, and liow foon he would rife, and fuch like

Queftions : In the mean Time the Mafter of Rothes, and two with

him, came and ask'd the fame Queftions ; but the Porter was noways

afraid of him, knowing him to be in great Favour with the Cardinal,'

who had always entertain'^d him as one of his Bofom Friends ; but

when he faw Mr. 7ip/;« L^y?/>, with two, or as /(Twat has it, four with

him, whom he knew to be his Mailer's Enemies^ he immediately.

F I run

(.*) Vii« Sif Rtlf. f4. Uilcii «U /if. (}) Vi4. SfH. P. Ij. tJm, t. 71.

24 "T^e Life of Cardinal BEATON, Vol. Ill

A^f^; run to fecure the Bridge, being afraid of fomc bad Defign ; but they
'-*^'*^ ftopt liim, took the Keys from hiiti, and fecur'd the PafTage ; then
appointing four of tlie Company to fccurc tlie Chamber where the
Cardinal lay, that lie miglit not be advertis'd of what tlicy were
adoing, tliey went into the (everal Chambers in wliich his Servants
lay aflecp, and calling them by their Names, for tliey were, all
known to them, they put Fifty oi his ordinary Servants, befides
the Workmen, Mafons and Wrights, who were reckoned above an
hundred ('for he was then fortifying the Caflle) to the Gates,
permitting none to flay within but the Governour's Son, whom
rhey thought fit to detain for their own Security : And all this was
done witii fo little Noife, that the Cardinal did not hear tliem,
till tliey knock'd at his Door ; then he ask'd, Who was there ? John
Lejlie, the Earl of Rothes's Brotiier, anfwer'd, My Name is Lejlie :
Which Leflie, faid tlie Cardinal, is that Norman 1 It was anfwer'd,
That lie niuft open to thofe that were there : Whereupon he made
faft tlie Doors, and refufed to admit them. Then they called for
Fire, which when the Cardinal heard, he capitulated with them,
and open'd the Door, upon tliieir Promife that they would do him
no Harm. Upon which they rudiing in upon him, moft; barba-
roufly murdered him, without any Refiftance. The Tumult was
great in the City upon the Rumour that the Caftle was taken, but
the People immediately run to Arms ; and fuch as favour'd the
Cardinal made all the hafte they could, intending to fcale the
Walls : But when it was told them, that he was dead wliom they
thought to help, their Hearts cool'd ; yet the People ftill calling
for a Sight of the Cardinal, they brought the Corps to the very
fame Place wliere he fat beholding Mx.WiJheart's Execution. Tiiis
is the Account that Arch-Bi/hop Spotfwood ^Wqs of this Affair ; but
Mr. Knox in his Hiflory mofl villainoufly and wickedly making a
Jeft of it, relates it thus ;

" Many Purpofes were devis'd liow that wicked Man might have
♦' been taken away, but all failed, till Friday the i8th of c^^j,
*' oy^nno 1546, when the aforefaid Norman came at Night to
" St. Andrews^ William Kirkcaldie of Grange younger was in the
" Tpwn before waiting upon the Purpofe ; lafl came John Lejlie^
" as aforefaid, who was mofl: fufpedleu. What Conclufion they took
*' that Ni"!it, it was not known, but Saturday in the Morning, the
" 19th ofc/l^ay, were they in fundry Companies in the Abbay
" Church-Yard, not far difliant from the Cafl:le, firfl: the Gates being
" open, and the Draw-Bridge let down for receiving of Lime and
" Stones, and other Things neceffary for Building, (for Babylon
" was almoft; finifhed) Firfl, we fay, affay'd William Kirkcaldie of
" Grange younger, and with him Six Perlons ; and getting Entry,
" held Purpofe with tlie Porter, If my Lord was waking, who an-
" fwered. No ; and fo it was indeed, for he had been bufy at his
" Accounts with his Miflris, Marion Ogilvie that Night, who was
"efpy'd to depart from him by the privy Poflern that Morning;

"and

Yqj m Arch-Bijhop of St. Andrews. 1^

~ ' ^ ,— ^ — ^

and therefore Quietnefs, after the Rules of Phyfick, and a Mor-

f>«A.*0

nine Sleep was requinte for my Lord. While the faid WiUiam''^'^/^
and the Torter talked, and his Servants made them to look to
the Work and Workmen, approached Norman Lejlie with his
Company ; and bccaufe they were in great Number, they eafily
got Entry. They advance to the midft of the Court, and imme-
diately came John Lejlie with his Company fomewhat rudely,
and Four Perfons with him : The Porter fearine, would have drawn
tlic Bridge, but the faid John being enter'd tliereon, ftay'd it,
and leapt in; and while the Porter made him for Defence, his
Head was broken, the Keys taken from him, and he caft into the
Ditch, and fo the Place was feiz'd. The Shout arifeth, die Work-»
men, to the Number of more than an hundred, run off the Walls,
and were without Hurt put forth at the Wicket-Gate : The firfl
Tiling that ever was done, Wiliiam Kirkcaldy took the Gate of
privy Poftcrn, fearing, lead the Fox fhould have efcaped ; then
go the reft to the Gentlemens Chambers, and without Violence
done to any Man, they put more than Fifty Perfons to the Gate:
The Number that enterpriz'd, and did this, was but Sixteen Per-
fons. The Cardinal wakened with the Shouts, ask'd from his
Window, What meant that Noife ? It was anfwered, that Norman
Lejlie had taken iiis Caftle, which underflood, he run to the
Poltern ; but perceiving the PafTage to be kept without, he retur-
ned quickly to his Chamber, took his Two-handed Sword, and
caufed his Chamberlain call Cl>efts, and other Impediments to
the Door : In this mean Time <^ame "john Lejlie unto it, and bids
open. Tlie Cardinal asking, Who calls ? He anfwered, My
Name is Lejie : He demanded, Is that Norman ? The other faith,
Nay, my Name is /(?/;«. I will have iVorw^w, faith the Cardinal,
for he is my Friend. Content your felf with fuch as are here,
for other you fhall have none. There were with the faid /o/?^,
James Mehil, a Man familiarly acquainted with Mr. George
m/heart, and Peter Carmichael a ftout Gentleman. In this mean
Time, while tliey force at the Door, the Cardinal hides a Box of
Gold under the Coals that were laid in the fecret Corner. Ac
length lie ask'd, Will you fave my Life? The faid /o/;/? anfwer'd.
It may be that we will : Nay, faith the Cardinal, Swear unto me
' by God's Wounds, and I will open to you : Then anfwered the
faid John, What is faid is unfaid ; and fo cried, Fire, Fire, for-
the Door was very ftrong : And fo was brought a Chimney full
of burning Coals, which pcrceiv'd, the Cardinal or his Chamber-
" lain fit is uncertain which) opened the Door, and the Cardinal
** fatdowninaCiiair, and cry 'd, lamaPrieft, I am Priejl, youu'iU
" not Jlay me, The faid John Lejlie, according to his former Vows,
" ftruck him flrftonce or twice, and fo did the laid Peter, hutjamet
" Mehil, a Man of Nature mod gentle, and moft modeft, per-
" cciving them both in Choler, withdrew them, and faid, That
« this Work and Judgment of God, although it be fecret, ought

G "to

l6 "Tlje Life of Cardinal BEATON, Vol. IJf.

jjy[^ " to be done witli greater Gravity; and prefcntinj;^ unto liim tho
v-'^^/*sj " Point of- the Sword, faid, Repent thee of th) former wicked Life,
*' tut efpecially thy Jheddw^ of the Blood of that notable Inflrur^ent
" of God, Mr. George Wifheart ; ivhich albeit the Flame of lire
" conjumed before Men, yet it cries for l^en^eance upon thee ; and we
*^ from God are fent to revenue it ; for here before my God, I proteft,
" That neither the Hatred of thy Perfon, the Love of thy Riches,
" nor the fear of any Trouble thou could do me in particular, mo^u'd,
*' or moveth me to ffrtke thee, but onh becaufe thou hafl been, and
" remaineft an objlinate Enemy againfl Chrijl Jefus and his Holy
" Gofpel: And fo he ftruck liim twice or thrice rhrougli with a (h)g
" Sword, and Co he Fell ; never a Word out ot'his Mouth, but
*' that, / a?/} a Priefl, fie, fie, all is gone. While tliey were thus
" bufied with the Cardinal, the Fray ro(e in the Town, theProvoft
*' alfembles the Commonality, and comes to the Houfe Side, cried,
" W)at have you done loith my Lord Cardinal ? Where is my Lord
" Cardinal ? Have you flain my Lord Cardinal ? They that were
*' within anfwered e,ently, Beft it were for you to return to your
" own Houfes, for tlie Man you call the Cardinal has received his
" Reward, and in his own Perfon will trouble the World no more ;
" but then more enragcdly they cried. We Jhall never depart till
*' zve fee him : So he was brout;ht to the Eaft-Block-Hoiile-Head,
*' and fhown dead over the Watl to the faithlefs Multitude, which
" would not believe before they (aw ; and fo they departed with-
" out Requiem Aternam, or Requiefcat in pace (ling for Iiis Soul.
*' Now becaufe the Weather was hot, for it was i^yld'ay, as vou have
" heard, and his Funerals could not fuddenly be prepar'd, it was
*' thought bell to keep him from (linking, to give him great Salt
*' enough, a Cope of Lead, and a Corner in the Bottom of the
" Sea-Tower fa Place where many of God's Children have been im-
*' prifoncd before) to wait what Exequies liis Brethren the Rilliops
*' would prepare for him : Tliefe Things we write merrily." An
excellent Subjedl: for a Chriflian's Mirth ! Many Refleiflions
nii^ht be made to expofe the Ridiculoufnefs and Impiety of this
Relation, if the bare Narrative it felt did not fufticiently expofe
the Author and his Party, who value themfelves fo much upon their
murdering Principles: But that we may fee how juft God is in his
Judgments, againrt Murderers, it is ro be obferved, that all that
had an Hand in this Murder, came to an untimely Death.

Dempfler (liys {a), That Leflie the principal Jclor in this Affair,
meaning the Mafter of Rothes, after the Cardinal was dead, in the
Manner above related. That he ptjjed in his Q^onth, for which the
jm/? Judgment of God came over him : For being killed by a Fall
from his Horfe, his Horfe pilled in his Mouth : But that this is a
meer Calumny, will appear from the following Narrative of his
Death, as we have it related from an Eye-witnefs : He being obliged
to fly the Kingdom for this Murder, he had a Penfion for the good

(«) Dcropft. ubi tup.

Vol. III. yirch-BiJhop of St. Andrews. 27

Service he had done, all King Henry the Eighth's Time, and King'>>V<*^
Edward the Sixth, as all the reft of the Murderers had. But upon C^N^
the Death of King Edward the Sixth, it was ftopt upon this Oc-
caf^on, at the Agreement of the Peace betwixt the Three Nations
of England^ Scotland and France., lie had been fet at Liberty from
the Confinement he was under. He came privately to Scotland
but the Governor having got Notice of Jt, he was obliged to fly to
Denmark ; and finding nimfelf not fafe in that Country, he came
over to England., at the Time of King Edward the Sixth's Death
to receive what was owing him of his Penfion : But Lady 7ean
Cray, the Duke of S/iffblk's eldeft Daughter having poflefled hec
felf of the Third of England, which flie held not above Ten Days
Mary, King Edzvard's eldeft Sifter was owned and proclaimed
Qiieen,and reeftabliftied the Romijh Religion; upon whicii the Duke
of Northfolk in open Council oppofed the paying any more the
Scots Penfioners ; which was not only agreed to, but all of them
ordered to remove out of England againft fuch a Day: Upon this
Norman Lejlie fent the Laird of Brunjlon over to Henry King
of France (a), with a Prefer of his Service in his War againft the
Emperor : Tiie King ot France knowing him to be a brave Man
accepted of his Service ; and during the Time that he ferved he
behaved himfelf with exceeding great Valour, even to the very laft
A(ft of his Life, which happen d thus (/>), Tfcf Conjfal^le of Fmnce
having bejieged the City of keny, and the Emperor having come to
their Relief Norman Lef/ie Mafier of Rothes (fays my Author)
won great Reputation, for zvith Thirty ScotCmen he made ut? an Hill
upon a fair gray Gelding ; he had above his Coat of black Velvet
his Coat of Armour wittj two broad white Crojfes, the one before, and
the other behind, with Sleeves of Mail, and a red Bonnet upon his
Head, zuhereby he zvas knoivn and feen afar off by the Con fl able, the
J)Hke of Anguin, and the Prince of Conde, ivhere, zvith his 'Tljirty
he charged upon Sixty of their Horfcmcn zoith Culverings, followed
but with Seven of his Number : He in our Siqht firuck Five of them
from their Horfes with his Spear, before it broke, then he drew his
Szvord, and run in amongjl them, not valuing their continual fhoot-
ing, to the Admiration of all the Beholders : He flew divers of
themy and at length, when he faw a Company of Spearmen coming
down againll him, he gave his Horfe the Spurs, who carried him to
the Confable, and there fed down dead, for he had many Shots, and
worthy Norman was alfo pot in divers Parts, zvhereof he died
Fifteen Days after : He was frfl carried to the Kings oivn Tent.,
tvhere the Duke of Anguin, and Prince of Conde told his Maje/ht
That Hecflor of Troy was not more valiant than the faid Norman ;
tJjhom the f aid King would fee drejfed by his ozvn Chyrurgeons, and
made great Moan for him ; and jo did the Con fable, and all the refl
of the Princes ; but no Man made more Lamentation than the Lnird
of Grange, who came to the Camp the next Day after, from aqtiiet

G 1 Road,

a - -

C«) Via. UP,. Lib. 10. V. )ii. (*) Sir Jmm,, JU.W. Mtaoin, P. 17.

75 The Life of Cardinal B £ A T O N, Vol. III.

rvyv^^ P^oaJ^ whether he had been commanded. Now to return to the

w«»v^ Cardinal.

It mud be acknowledged, Tiiat he was i Man of an unlimited
Ambition, endued with good natural Parts, and well feen in all the
Jrs' ch.^-" Parts of Literature, but of a very irregular and difTolutc Life, be-
Af/onnrol jng mucli addicted to the Pleafures of the Fair Sex, even after his
h.iworki. ^3vancemeiu to the Pricfthood : And I have by me a Contract of
Marriage, dated v^/?r// lOth, 1546, at St. y^ndrews^ betwixt his
Daughter Mi^rgaret Beaton and the Maftcr of Crawford, he him-
felf confentin^ and agreeing to the faid Contract on the one Hand,
and the Earl of Crawford on the other. He was likewife altogether
inexcufable for putting to Death fo many poor People for their
Religion, he himfclf being Witncfs to the burning and hanging of
them, which fhewed that he was naturally of a cruel and inhuman
Temper : On the other Hand, the Popifh Writers give him very
high Elogiums. And fince we have given the different Sentiments
of our Proteftant Writers concerning him, it is but jufl: that we
fhould give an Account what they have faid for him in Dempflers
Words, who tells us, that he wrote j4n Account of his ISlegot tat ions
zvith the French King and the Pope ; The Book of St. PeterV Supre-
macy over the reft of the Apoftles, which William Barclay the fa-
mous Lawyer had (ten, andf, A Colle6fion of Letters to feveral
Perjons of Note and Diftindion. So I fhall conclude his Life with
J)(rpp(lers Charadter of him.

David Betonus Sanii Andreaniis adolejcens bonarum artium cauja
peregrinatione fujcepta, adolejcens Vsix'iCnsftuduit, njirfaHus, Legatus
ad Francifcum Galliarum Regem, ^ Paulum III. pmclare ae Re-
ligione Catholic a ^ Jm T atria merit us, Card ina lis creatus eft Pref-
byter Jub titido S. Stephani in Calio Monte, Creatio incidit in XII.
Kalend Januar. yinno MDXXXVIII. Paulus Jovius in Defcript.
Scoriae. Fifa regie occurrit inftgnis S. Andrex urhcy facrorum pri~
matu, £5* Gymnafli authoritate, portuque clarijjima, cut hodie prAeft
David 'Betonus purpurei galeri dignitate, vitd Jplendorey ac ingenii

fravitate illuftris. Tantus hie Antiftes a Sicariis Hdreticis in cu-
iculo fuo ftrangulatus eft, percujfori nomen pr^cipuo Lx(\eus, qui in
OS defunili minxit, ornatumque cadaver Cardinatitiis infigniis parieti
(tppenjum variis contumeliis ajfecerunt facrilegi ; a quibus Deus poftea
debitas pcenas exegit, nam nuUus nefariorum percujforum non vio-
lenta morte extin£ius eft, (^ Leflaeus fternace equo deje^tus interiity
memorabili Jane exemplo Equus in volutantis os meiens, divina vin-
di6lA cert am licet dilatam aliquandiu Jeveritatem oftendit. Edward
Hallus, Lib. 8. de duarum familiar : Vnione, AClum deinde Je-
quenti Anno de tam indigna c&de vindicanda Jacob. Auguft. Thua-
nus, Lib. III. Hiftoriarum. Sed fruftra, exinde enim res
Ecclefta/iica retro in dies ferri ac HAreticis vires crejcerc. Htijus
Jmt.

Vol. III. ^rch'BiJhcp of St. Andrews. 29

De Le^ationibus fuis, Lib', i. 7f^

pe Prtmatu PetH. Lib. i. fViJit G. Bardaius. ^^v^
£piJloU ad dinjtrjos Lib. i.

Martyrium paffus eft die 18*" Maii, Jnm Salut. MDXLVI. a
J{ege Franciae Miropenfi Epijcopatu donattis. Sanguis occifi a lapi-
ditm feneftrA elui delerique ntquit.

T Ji E

LIFE of FLORENCE WILSON,
ProfefTor of the Belle s-Lettres at Carpe^ifras^''''^'^^
in Italyi

LORENCE WILSON, fo well known in the

Hii Piteo-

d
ucdicn.

Republic of Letters, by his Latin Name of Florentius tJ^t'll
Folufenus, was born af El^in, in the County or Shire ""'""•
of (^Murray, of an lioneft Parentage ; having learned
his Grammar at Elgin, he was fent by his Parents to
the Univerfity of Aberdeen, wher6 having finifhed the
Cdurfe of his Studies in Philofophy, he went to f;/^/^;?/:/, where he
had tlie good Fortune to be introduced to Cardinal Wolfey, who
finding him a Youth of bright Parts, made him Tutor or Preceptor Htitm,a»
to his Nephew, witli whom lie went dver to Paris, and continued ord'oli' "*
in that Station till the Deiath of the Cardinal, which happened upon Kii.
the 30th of November 1550. After this he became acquainted
with Cardinal Bellai Arch-Bifhop of Paris, a great Entourager of
Learning and learned Men, lie himfelf being one of the learnedeft
Men of his Age, and whom^ if we may believe Michael de LHopital
Chancellor oh France,- 'M^d a good Judge in thefe Matters, he wrote
the Latin in Profe with as great Elegancy as Cicero, and in V6rfe with
as great Majefty and charming Loftinefs as Maro (a).

Salve (fays licj Pieridum Mufarum dulcis alumne,
Mignus conftrtdis pedibus, magniijme Jolntis,
Alitor eo vtncens Ciceronem^ Virgiliumque.

To a Pcrfon fo well feen in Literature, our Author, who was
one of the bcrt Scholars of his Age, could not but be very accep-
table, and accordingly we find, tliat that Cardinal had a Defign of
making him Profcflor Royal of the Greek and Liitin Languages at
Pans ; but he falling into Difgrace with the King of Frdrice, by tlie
Intrigues of the Cardinal de Lorain, Mr. tVilJort was not only dif-
appointed in this, but loft a yearly Penfion which he had from

H thefe.

. .. — - '■ II I — • — .- '11 II

im) Vid. Vvlukauidc 'liinfuailuKinloi. Diisfft. Lib. 19. P. «;. Mi(lu«l <U L'Hof i«l, Lib. 1,

^o"" "The Lif( 0/ FLORENCE WltSON. Voi. Ilf.

'i^f^_ thefe two Cardinals, yet to fhow his Gratitude to his Patron the
^A/*^ Cardinal de Bellaiy he ferved liim with the fame firmncfs and
He en^'iAfliduity when he was under a Cloud, as when he was in the bright
li« of iKeSun-fhine of his Profperity j and the Cardinal going to Rowt^ he
B.V/J!" ' would needs accompany nim ; but in tlieir Journey he fell ficlc at
w.h whom >^i"Vw«, where he was obliged to (lay till he recovered his
t,f°" '» Health.

At this Time Cardinal Sadolet Bifhop of Carpentras was fam'd
over all Europe for his great Parts, and Love to all Perfons of
Learning, and particularly for his Liberality in fupporting them
under their Difficulties : So our Author had no fooner recovered
i"*u^"re7'lii'> Health, but he went to viht this illuftrious Muenas, who in one
^l^s^Mt'. of his Epiftles tells us (<t), That, at that Time towards the Evening,
he was uudying in his Library, when the Porter acquainted him
that a Stranger was calling for him, and according to his ufual
Civility to all Strangers, he gave him immediate Accefs : And
having asked him; What his Bufinefs was with him at that Time of
the Night ? and fome other Qiieftions of that Nature ; He an-
fwered him fo pointedly and difcreetly, and in (uch a charming
Stile of Eloquence, that the Cardinal, who was loath to quit
his Studies,, could not refifb the Temptation of difcourfing further
With him : So clofing the Book upon which he was reading, he
turned himfelf towards him, and asked him, What Country Man
he was ? What was his Profeihon ? And, What brought him to
Italy 1 To this Mr. Wii\on replied. That by Birth he was a Scots
Man, one of the mod northerly Nations. in tne World; where then
(fays the Cardinal) had you your Education ? being extremely fur-

{)riz'd at the Elegancy or his Latin. To this his Aiifwer was. That
le had his Education in his own Country, but going over to Var'ts^
he taught the Greek and Latin to Cardinal Wolfeys Nephew for
fome Years, and upon the Death of that Cardinal, he was fuppor-
ted in liis Studies by the Cardinal Je Bellai and Loratn, who gave
him a yearly Penfion ; that he came to Italy with Cardinal de BelUi,
but falling fick at ylvigmn, he had not the Opportunity of going
with him to Rome. Then the Cardinal asked him, What had
brought him to Carpentras ? Mr. Wtljon anfwered, That it was to
fee him, who had rendred himfelf fo famous over the World by his
learned Writings : And that he had been informed at A'vignon.,
that he was delirous to have one who could teach the Latin and
Greek to the Children of that City, which he offered to do, not
that he was defirous of fuch a troublefom Employment, but that he
might have the Honour of ferving him in any Station he pleafed
to name. The next Day early in the Morning, the Cardinal went
to the Confuls of the City, and acquainted them ot all that had
pail betwixt him and our Author, and what a mighty Efteem he had
for him ; and therefore defired the Favour oF them, that they
would dine with him and Mr. IVilforty that they themfelves might

be

(«) Vti. fip. ]. ad Faulum Sadoleium.

Vol. HI. The Life o/' FLORENCE WILSON. ji,

be Witncdcs to liis great Learning j he likewife invited a Phyfician ;;;A^
to Dinner with him, who was eftecmcd one of the learncdcft Men A^
of tliat City : After Dinner the Cardinal cngag'd Mr. Wtljon in a
Difpute upon fome Points of Philofophy rvith this Phyfician, in
which ho acquit hinifelf to Admiration ; and the Cardinal takes
particular Notice of one Argument that he had propos'd to the
Phyfician, which fo perplex'd him, that he could find noAnfwerto
it ; but Mr. Wtljon^ fays he, asking Permiftion to give his Opinion
of it, gave a moft learned and fatisfacftory Anfwer. And in one
Word, all of them were fo well pleafed with him, that tliey imme- whon^ku
diately made Choice of him to be their ProfefTor in the Greek and onhV'B'HM
Latin Languages, allowing him an hundred Piftoles a Year for hiscilT"*'"-
Salary. This is the Subftance of what this Illuflrious Cardinal
acquaints his Friend Paul Sadolet of, in one of his Letters to him :
The fame Cardinal in one of his Letters to the Cardinal of Lorain^
recommends our Author after a moft obliging Manner, and after
he has acquainted him of his Studies in mc Belles-Lettres dindVVii'
lofophy, he is very earneft with him to renew and continue the
Penlion which he had fettled upon him at Paris^ as appears from
the i(5th Epiftle of the 6th Book of Cardinal J'rt^yo/fr's Letters, where
he has thefe Words, Non putavi moleJ!um tibi me fadurum ft turn
horninem, tibi commendajjew^ quern in friwis dignum tua bencvolen-
tia ejje arbitror'. Florentius Volufcnuf, natione Scotus, Elegantia
morum ^ Literis Latiniffimus : De cjmo hominejane agendum pancis
tecum f/?, quippe qui tibi probe not us Jit, (^ tuA bonitatis ope ac Jub-
fidio literayum Studiis Lutetiac aliquantum tempus operam dederit.
Is cum fuperioribus menjibus urbis Romx vifunda jludio fiagrans, de
tua njoluntate, cum Collega tuo Joanne Bellaio, njiro ornatijjimo, in
njiam fe dedijfet, atque Avenionem ujque ejfet pervedfus : ibi adverfa
•valetudine ^ inopia rerum necejfariarum Jubfifiere efi compuljus :
pauloque pojl ad me fe contulit. Q»_em ego, quanquam pertenuis £5*
magnis reifamiliaris difjicHltatibus ajfedusy jucunde tamen comiterque
accept, cognitoque mox hominis ingemo, ^ natura ingenua liberalique

psrjpeda^ etiam in honore deinde habui. • ■"■ Et paulo poft. Sid ut

to redeam unde diverti ; Florentius mecum nunc Carpentoradi efiy
maximoque animo ^ incredibiii ajfiduitate optimis literis, pr/cjer-
timque Philojophia dat operam : mihique in quotidiana confuetudine
admodum jucundus (f gratus ejl. Te porro dominum ^ patronum
prddicat ipfe ac profitetur.-^'-^ Eum ergo tu& fidei, bonitati liber ali-
tatique commendo : (^ abs te vehementer peto, ut quando ipfe non
Minus hie fludia do^rinA perfequitur, quam Jl Lutetia; efjet, njelis pro
tua pr&flanti liberalique natura, earn mercedem annuam illi falvam
d's te ejJe, quam jampridem conflituijli j hoc cum tua amplitudiney
gfiicrifque tui ac virtutis gloria max f me aignum eft, turn mihi cefte

fafiurus ts gratijfimum. ^5^6.

It was during this Time that our Author compos'd his excellent AnAocoant
Book upon the Tranquility of the Mind, which he wrote by Way of "f, he -^j!
J^ialogue betwixt himfelf, Francis Michatl a Patrician of. lMca^XI^]°''^

H Z and

^1 r/?f L//f o/ FLORENCE WILSON. Vol. /If.

C*"''^*^ and Demetrius Caracalia ; in the Becinnin"' he tells Imn, that be-
^^V'*^ fore he went from his Native Country, lie was one Day walking

upon the Banks of the River Lojjie, with his intimate Fricnci Mr.

John Ogilvit Re(5^or of the Church of Crodan, a Man oi excellent

Learning : Tliey took the Occafion to talk of an iiappy Life from

ihefe Words of Horace.

Qm ft Mxcenas ut nemo quam Jlbi Jorteni
Sen ratio demerit, Jen for s objccerit., ilia
Contentus vi^uat, lauaet diverfa fequentes ?
Whence comes (my Lord) this general Difcontenr,
Why all diflike the State that Chance hath fent,
Or their own Choice procure, why all repent ?

Horatius, Sat. i.

But referving it to the next Day, they parted ; and the next
Adorning our Author tells of a Dream that he had that Night, where-
in he thought that he faw a magnificent Temple, and coming nigh
to the Gates, he perceives a venerable old Man like Democritus^
or fome of the Ancient Sages oi Greece : and asking him. To whom
that (lately Edifice belonged .'' for to him it feem'd confecrated to
fome God : The venerable old Man anfwered him in Latin, but
with a Grecian Accent, that he was not deceived, and defired him
to look to the Infcription above die Door, where he read in
Greek,

The TEMPLE 0/ TRANCIUILITY.

Then asking him, if he might be permitted to enter into that
facied Place. Ho told him, that it was a difficult Thing ; but finding
that he had an Inclination to the Ways of Virtue, he would do
him that Favour; and taking him by the Fiand, he led him into
the Porch of the Temple, fupported by eight Pillars of curious
Workmanfhip ; upon each of which there were Grecian Infcriprions:
Then the old Man addrefling himfel'f to Jiim, told him, that before
he cntred into the Temple of Tranquility, that it was neceifary that
lie fhould make a Commentary upon each of thefe Infcriprions
that were engraved upon the Pillars, which if he kept well in Mind,
he migiit have an eafy Accefs to the Temple, which our Author
Jiaving promifed to do, he led him to the firfl: Pillar, beginning at
the lett Hand. And here our Author gives us all thefe Infcriptions
in Greek., which I fhall render mto Englijh for the Reader's Inftru(5ti-
on and Satisfa(5fion.

On the Firft was, There ts not a more glorious Study than to
accomplijh ourjelves with what is truly Accomplijhing.

On the Second, We ought to be tnfiruded in the Knowledge of
ivhat is truly Good.

On the Third, That we are not to look upon Things that are none
of ours, (or at the Difpofal of Fortune) as tf they were our own.

On the Fourth, 'Tts in vain, and below us to J eek for Peace from
txternal Things.

On

Vol. III. The Lije 0/ FLOK £N C h W 1 LbO N. 2,

Ai). I ^^^^

On the fifth, Never to think of our Jelves, pleafe our Jehes, orC^^-^
dejbife others too much.

On the Sixth, Since you are the Servant, and not the Majier of
Providence, obej willingly and cheerfully.

On tlic Seventh, Rather wijh your felf what you are, than any
Thing elfe, and upon this (^Account efleem your felf happy.

On tlie Eii^hth and Laft, Vfe Exercife andConverfe, hut above
all, examine flri6lly your felf.

After this the old Man dcHr'd him to look to the Infcriptjon
upon the Frontis-piece of the Temple, where he read thefe Words,
Blejjed are they zvho dwell in this Houfe.
On tlie Entry to the Church were two Pillars, on one of which
was engraven, Know thy felf. And on tlie other. Know God.

Upon the Arch which^ join'd thefe two Pillars was the Jmat^e of
a God-like young Man with a Crown of Thorns upon his Head,
and his Side, Hands and Feet bearing the Scars of Wounds, and
his whole Body all over bloody, and towards his Head defcending
fas it were) from the Heavens, thefe Words,

Tljis is my beloved Son in -whom I am zvell plcafed^ hear you him.
Below his Feet were engraven thefe Words,
/ am the If'ay, the Truth and the Life.
This is the Defcriptioli that our Author gives us of the Chanoinr^
Cathedral Cliurcli of Elg^in, under the Notion of the Temple of
Tranquility. And our Author's Book is nothing but a Commentary
drawn from the wife Sayings and Writings of the Ancient Moralifts
Grecians, Latins and Fathers of t'.ie Church, and is fo judiciouDy
done, that it is juflly cfteem'd by the Learned, and a mafterly
Performance of its Kind.

At Lengtli, after our Autiior had taught the Belles-Lettres and
Philofophy for feveral Years in Italy, he took a Longing for his
own Country, and wrote a Letter to Cardinal Sadolet, gfv ii^^ him
an Account of his Defigns, and asking his Advice ho\\rhe fhould
beliave himfelfin relation to rhcDifputesand Differences tliat were
then in Agitation in liis own Country, concerning tlie Matters of
Religion : Upon which die Cardinal returned him\i lon^ Letter (a)y
Part of wiiich I fhall here infert, as containing the Sentiments thac
that learned Prelate had of oiu' Author's real Wordi and Probity.

Bum (fiiys he) qui fuperioribus diebus tuas ad me attulit litteras,
teflimonio tuo addudus, libentcr vidi : opemcjue Hit (^ Jiudium meum
detuli ; ut mult urn apud me valuijje commendationcm tuam facile in-
telligere potuerit. Nee t€ tua fane, quam de me hahes fefellit opinio.
Sumus enim, femperme fuimus, ad bene de doilis ^ probis hominibtii
merendum, fi minus opibus ^ facultat4bus inflruili, at certe naturd
fiudioque propcnfi ac paraU. Te quidem, quern ^ optimis artibui
eruJitum, ^ in his de religionc dijjenftonibus optime fentientcmfemper
judtcavimus, eo quo debemus fudto atque amore profequimur. Jtaiiui
quod Jentent tarn exquiris nojlram, quam viam, cum in patria tud

I confli-

(«) Vm). tf.O. ij. uv, ,«,

34 T7;<r Life 0/ FLORENCE WILSON. Vol. (ff.

^^^^^ conftiterisy qua maxtmas de Religione content tones ejje fcril'is, tnfflere
v^'*v f{e[ieas : Nos id tibi conjilii dubimHs, quod ^ amore noflro er^a te,
^ 'virtiite (^ pietate tua dignum ft : ^Imd tarnen a te janiprtden*
caption ejje Mini we dubitar/jus ♦*♦♦♦, Scd hxc^ ut 'uoliintati tux
objcqnerer^ mn quod te piitarern de luis rebus non optime ^Jentire ^
tecum Jfatuijfe, jam attigi. Tu njelirn benevolent tarn erga rue tmim
conjerves : Tantut/ique dc cmimo ^ njoUmtate mea tibi polUcenre no
Jpondeas, quant um 'virtus ^ probitas f^ njetus tuum erga me fudium
pofuliit. Vale, Ronice, 1546.
„ , Our Author beine upon his Return to Scotland, fickncd at Viene

Hii Denh , . I I 1 ■ I r« • • 1- 1 V

•na ch.u- in Paiiphin)', and died 111 the Beginning or the Year 1547.

Tims died Florence Wiljon, a Man liighly efteenied For his Know-
Icd'^e in tiie Latin and Greek Languages, wliich he wrote and fpoke
to Admiration ; as likewife for his great Knowledge in Philofbphy,
and his admirable Vein in Poetry, which gain'd him not only the
Efteem o( tour oF the learnedefl and greatell: Cardinals oFhis Age,
but oF all the learned Men in Europe in his Time. Our Buchanan
has honoured his Aihes with the Following Epitaph j;

Hie niujis Volufeiie jaces charijftme ripam
Ad Rhodani, terra quam procul a patria ?

Hoc meruit 'virtus tua, tellus quA foret altrix
Virtutum, ut cineres conderet ilia tttos.

Dempjler tells us, That he wrote a Book upon Arijiotle's Philo-
fophy, and calls his Book De animi Tranquillitate, De Confolatione,
alluding to Boetius's Book De Confolatione rhilofophia. And in the
Catalogue oF Thuanus's Library, there is a Theological Book of
his mentioned, Faid to be printed by Sebaflian Grypheus in the
Year I5?9- And the firft Edition oF our Author's Book, upon the
Tranquility oF the Mind, was publiflied by the Fame Grypheus, in
which there are (everal Miftakes, but many more in the Editions oF
the Hague and Leyden ; all which, are correcf^ed in the Edinburgh
Edition by Mr. Freebairn, 1707.

The Catalogue of his Works.

I. "T^E animi Tranquillitate, Lugd. 154J. ^ Edin. 1707. in

p J ^'VO.

n. Poemata, Lond. 161^. i^to.

III. Commentatio quxdam T'heologica quA eadem precatio eji, in

Aphorifmos dijje^a, pfr°Seba£ Gryph. So/o. 1 539. vid. Cat. Lib.
Thuan.

IV. Philojophix Ariftotelicae S^nop/isy Lib. 4,

THE

•nd Edoci*.
tiob.

Vol. III. "77

I ti. Ld An. ijjf.

LIFE of SirDAVID LINVSAYof
the Mounts Lyon King at Arms.

I R David Lindfay of the Mount; Co called from his pa-
I rernal Inheritance near Coupar in the Shire of Fife where p.Hni.ge"''
he was born, in the Reign of King James IV. was
dcfcended from an ancient Family, and had his Education
__ at the Univerfity of St. Andrews, where, after he had
fini/hed the Courfe of his Studies in Philofophy, for his further
Improvement, his Parents fent him Abroad ; and having travelled
(as he himfelf tells usj through England, France, Italy and Ger-
many, he returned to his native Country about the Year 1 514. Not
long after his Return, he was made one of the Gentlemen of the
King's Bed-Chamber, and the Care of the young Prince, King
James V. was committed to him, as a Perfon well k&n in all the
Cuftoms, Manners and Languages of the Nations through wiiich he
had travelled ; and confequently the fitteft Perfon in the Nation
to be about the young Prince : And how careful and diligent he
was in the Truft committed to him, we learn in the Epiftle prefixt
to his Dream, where, addrefling himfelf to the King, he fays,

When thou was young, J hare thee in my jirm

Fuli tenderly, till thou began to gang,

And in thy Bed oft hatbtt thee fuU war m^

With Lute in Hand, dtd Jweetty to thee Jang.
And in his Complaint to tlie King, he intreats his Majefty to
confider, diat he had rewarded many,

That were full far to feek

When I lay nightly by thy Cheek.

J take the ^lueeris Grace, thy Mother^

(^My . Lord Chancellour, and many other,

Thy Nurfe and thy old Miftris,

J take them all to bear Witnejs.

Old Willie Dullie, zvere he alive,

My Life full well he could defcrive,

Wno, as a Chapman bears his Packy

I bare thy Grace upon my Back.

The frfi Syllabes that thou didji mute

Was Da, da, Linie : upon the Lute

Thee plaid I twenty Springs perqueer^

Which were great Pleafurt for to hear.

From Play thou never letji me rejiy

(But Ginkertoun thou lov d ay bejl ;

.jind when thou came ft from the School,

Then I behov'd to play the Fooi

-^ li In

nudon.

P T/;f Life of i"/r i:) A V I J:) L I N n S A Y of the Mount. Vol. Iff.

''^^^^^ In his voiinL;cr Years lie was advanced to feveral honourable
^A!/^ I-mploynicnts," bcin" made Lyon Kin^ at Arms, Steward o^ the
H. isp.. Houfhold, rurfe-maller, Trealiirer, Uiher and Gentleman of the
vc'r'/i'rm'^'" Bed-chamber to the King; all which we learn from himfeh, in the
pioimcnti. j-yijQ^^,jj,„ Lines, prefixt'to his Dream, and addrcfl to the King.

Si/ice thy Birth, I haie conttnualiie

Been exercisd, and ay to thy Pleajure,
ylnd \hfic times Steward^ Capper and Carver,
Th) Pttrje-fniijler, and Jecret Treafarer,
Tfjyn Vjher ay fince thy Nativitie,
yind thy Chambers chief Cubicular,
Which to this Hour hath kept me late
Li'uin^ ie the blejjed Trinitie ;
Thatfuch a zvrctched Worm hath made fo able.
To (tich a Prince to be Jo agreeable.
He ii dif. All which Places he was deprived of in the Year 1555, faving
fJvourmI' that of Lyon King at Arms, which he enjov'd till his Death. This
iSeRcfot- ^^^ likewife learn from himfelf in his Complaint to the King, where
he fays,

albeit J fand in great Doubt ance,
Whom 1 Jhall blame for my Mifchance ;
M'hether Satuinus Crueltie
Reigning in my Nati'uitie
By bad (tAffeits, which zvork Vengeance^
Or other heavenly Influence :
Or if it be predejiinate,
Jn Court to be unfortunate.
Which had fo long in Service been
Continually with King and ^lueen :
yfnd entring to thy Majefie
The Day of thy Nativitte.
Where, tho my Friends been nJhamJ,
(t4nd zvith my Foes J am defam'd :
Seeing that I am not regarded,
dy^na zvith my Brethren of Court rewarded.
Our Hiftorians fay, That the Cau(e of our Author's Difgrace, was
the Favours that he bore to tiie Reformers, and the Reformation,
and the bitter Invec1:ives that he made againft the Clergy, which
are to be found in the mofl: of .all his Works. After the Death of
Kin" fames V. our Author became a Favourite of the Earl of
oArran, who was madeGovernour of the Kingdom ; but by Means
of his Brotiier die Abbot of Paifley, afterwards Arch-Bifhop of
St. Andreivs, he was quickly turn'd out of his Favours. After which
he retired to his Country Seat, where he fpent the Remnant of his
Days in innocent Diverfions of a Country Life.

This Gentleman has obliged his Country witli feveral Writings,
of which I fhall give the Reader a brief Account, mofl of which
are all in Burlefque Rythmes in the printed Edition of his Works.

Thev

Vol. III. rije Life 0/ i'/r D A V I D L I N D S A Y 0/ the Mounc. 57

They are tiius placed, A Dialogue of the mtJeraUe Ejlate of the^^^
World, betwixt Experience and the Courtiers, divided into four ^A^'
'Booh, or four Monarchies. The Tefiament and Complaint of our c* hu worU
Sovereign Lord King James V's; Papingo. His Dreams, directed
to his Sovereign Lord King James V. His Complaint unto the Kings
Grace. Tlje Tragedy of David Beaton Arch-Bifop of St. Andrews.
The Deplorationof the Death of Qjnen Magdalen. An An fiver to
the Kings Fitting, The Complaint and Confejjion of Bafh the Kmf's
old Hound, direded to Batie and his Companions. A Supplication to
the Kings Grace, in contempt of fide Tails and muz,zjle Faces.
KatieV Confejfion. The fu fling hetloixt James Watfon and John
Barbour, Servitors to King James V- All thefe are in Verfe, and
have been feveral Times printed ; but the oldeft that I have feen,
is that in the Year 1 540, but the laft is that o( Glafgow i6<)6. The
Dialogue betwixt Experience and the Courtiers was printed at
Copenhagen i<)')lmi\io, a Year before his Death : Befides all thefe
wc have mentioned, tliere is likewife in Print a Satyr upon the Three
Eftates in Commendation of Virtue, and Vituperation of Vice,

ftrinted at Edinburgh by Andrew Hart, i(5oi, in %vo. We have
ikewife feveral Works of his in Alanufcripts, the chief of which are
fome Fragments of Plays adled at Coupar, on the Ca-lle-HiU, be-
twixt Leith and Edinburgh, a Colledion of Matters belonging to
the Scots Court of Honour, in Folio, among Sir James Balfour's
Manufcripts in the Lawyers Library, Inftrucftions to be obfervcd by
Officers at Arms within the Kingdom of Scotland, in Folio, ibidem.
And Lindfay of Pitfcottie tells us. That he wrote the Hiftory of
Scotland, which I fuppofe is now loft. Wc have ftili extant the
Hiftory, and Teftament of Efquire Meldrum, whicii he publifhed
without putting his Name to it. This Gentleman died towards the ^"^'^
latter End ot tlie Year i $^^, being very aged. He was a great Mafter "fler.
of the Greek, Latin, French, It(?liansind German La.ngua.ges, a good
Hiftorian, well feen in Herauldry, and one of the moft celebrated
EngliJhVotts of his Time: He was well acquainted with the Poets
that lived in that Age, but efpecially with thofe of his Own Coun-
try, of whom he gives the following Account in his Preface to the
Complaint of the Papingo.

Who can now the Wcrks counterfeit
Of Kennedy, with Terms aureat
Of zvife Dunbar, who Language had at large,
nAs may be feen into his golden Targe.
Qiiintin, Mercer, Roul, Hay, Henderfon and Holland,
Tl}d they be dead, their Works are liveand,
Wfjich to rehearfe, make Readers to rejoice.
Alace for once that Laing ivas in this Landj
Of Eloquence the flowing balmy Strand :
And in our Englifli Rhethorick the Roje,
At of Rubies the Carbuncle is choife.

K

"p The Life Sir DAVID LINDSAY of the Mount. Vol^ 111.

a/^ssI -^"^ ^^ rhabus doth Cynthia precel,

'A'^" So Gavin Douglafs, Bifhop of Dunkell ;

u4nd when he ions into this Land alive^
u4bove njHigar Poets Prerogative,
iBoth in Pradick, Speculation.
I fay no more, food Readers may dijcrinjc
(By his worthy Works more than five :
Jind fpecially the true Tranfiation
Of Virgil, which has been Confolation,
*7o cunning Men, to know his great Ingine,
uis ivell ms natural Science, as Divine,
^nd in the Court been prefent in thefe Days
That Ballads, Brieves, luflily and layes.
Which to our Prince daily they do prefent.
Who can fay more than Sir ];imcs Engli(h/^)i/,
/// Ballads, Farces, and in pleafant Plays .<*
But Culrofs hath his Pen made impotent.
Rid in Cunning, and Patrick right prudent j
u4nd Stewart, zuho defires a ftately Style,
Full order d Works daylie doth Compile.
Stewart of Lorn lotll carp mo(i curioufly,
Calbreith, Kinloch, luhen they lifi them apply^
Into that ytrt, are crafty of Ingine.
But novj of late has flart up heaflily
^ cunning Clerk, which writeth craftily^
A Plant of Poets, caltd Ballantin,
Whoje ornat Writs my Wit cannot defyne ;
Get he into the Court Authority,
He will precel Quintin and Kennedy.
By what we have cited of our Author's Poetry, the Reader may
judge of It ; but he has the Honour of being the firft who intro-
duced dramatick Poetry into Scotland, he having nor only compos'd
feveral Tragedies and Comedies, but likewife was a principal Acftor
himfelf in them, tho' he underftood little or nothing of the Rules
of the Theatre, his Comedies and other Poeius being rather Ledfures
of Debauchery than Virtue ; but wrote after fuch a facetious Manner,
that they afforded Abundance of Mirth. Some Fragment of thefe
Comedies we have ftill extant in Manufcripts in a curious Colledi-
on of Scots Poems belonging to Mr. William Carmichael, Brother
to the Right Honourable, the Ead o( Hyndford, of which we (hall
give a more particular Account aftenvards ; one of them is Pag.
1 64, where we find thefe Words, Here begins the Proclamation of
the Play made by Sir David Lindfay of the Mount, Knight in the
Play-Field, in the Tear of God 151 5. Another is Pag. 168, where
we find thefe Words, Here begins Sir David LindfayV Play, made in
/l;f Green-Side beftde Edinbur^i, zvhilk } write (fays the Tranfcriber)
hut portly he interludes, leavan the grave chatters thereof, becaufe
the famen Ahufe is well reformed m Scotland. Befides thefe, we

have

Vol. III. rheLifeofSlrT^^VlDLll^DShXofthe Mount. 39

have flill a MS. a very fair Collection of Matters relating to thc'^.•^-o
Scots Court of Honour, in Foltd, and Injun(5lions to be oblerv'd by^^^)^'
Officers at Arms within the Kingdom of Scotland, in Rlio, in the
fame Library. Dr. Johnfton {a) in his Infcriptions upon the Scots
Heroes, has the following Epigram upon our Author, with which
I fhall conclude his Life and Charadler.

cPkfeUiJitii cantu, Syren dulcijjimd, qualem

Scotigena; Aonidts ^ recinunt o amam,
Velicix return, tittdloque ac nomine regis
Hoc f tier at nato, quod fuit ante patri
Cluam Mufis charus^ quam diis quoque regibui olini
Tarn 'vera flacuit religione Deo.

(«) Vii. Johnftoo Hcioci, P. 17.

The Catalogue of his Works*

I. \ Dialogue of the mijerahle Eftate of the World, betwixt Ex-
XjL pcrjence and the Courtier, divided into four Books, or

four Monarchies.

II. The Tef'iment and Complaint of our Sowreign Lord ICtng ]a.mes

the Fifth's Papingo.

III. His Dream, diredeato his Sovereign Lord King James the Fifth.

IV. Hts Complaint unto the Kings Grace.

V. The Tragedy of David Beaton Cardinal and Arch-Bifhop of

St. Andrews*

VI. Declaration of the Death of ^ueen Magdalen*

VII. y^n ^njwer to the Kings Fating.

VIII. The Complaint and Confejjion o/^Bafli the Kings old Houndy

direded to Batie and his Companions.

IX. j4 Supvlication to the Kings Grace, in Contempt of fide Tails

and muZiZjle Faces.

X. KatieV Confefton.

XI. The Jufing between jSimesVJsitCondnd John BsixhouT, Servitor;

to Ktng James the Fifth. All thefe are in Verfe, and as I have
obferved in his Life, have been feveral Times printed, but the
oldeft that oi Edinburgh, 1 540, in 8vo. The Dialogue betwixt
Experience and the Courtier, was printed at Copenhagen in
4to, in 1551.

XII. j^ Satyr upon the Three Eflates, in Commendation of VirtuSy
and Vituperation of Vice, printed at Edinbugh by Andrew
Hart, 1601, in 8vo.

XIII. Some Fragments of Plays aCfed at Coupar, on the Caftle-Hill,
andbetwtxtLQ'\i\\ <;w^ Edinburgh, /'« Air. William CarmichaelV
MS. Collection of Scots Poems, Pa/. idA and i6Z-

K I TdY.Tht

40 The Catalogue of his Works. Vol. 11/.

<;:^^ XIV. The Hijlor^j and Tepment of EJcjiiire Mcldrum at hdinburt'h,
^'V"^ Idol, 8vo.

XV. yi Collection of Matters belonging to the Scots Court of Honour
in MS. in Folio, amongSir Jrtw«i?fl//^o«r'sManu(cripts in the
Lawyers Library at Edinburgh.

XVI. InjiuiiHons to be obferved by Officers at oArms within the
Kingdom of Scotland, /«. Folio, tUdern.

XVII. A Hiflory of Scotland, MS.

THE

LIFE of Sir JAMES INGLIS, Knight.

A" 1^ ^'yniS Gentleman was defcended from an Ancient
Hii B.tth, n Family in the Shire ot Ftfs, where he was born in

parentage ^ma i "^ /- ■ «-f

•nd tduc». B the Reign or Kine fames IV. He had his Edu-

■| cation at the Univerlity or St. Andrews., wiiere,

JBl he had finifhed the Courfe of his Studies, he was

fent by ms Parents, for his further Improvement, over to Parisy
and returned to Scotland in the Reign of King James V. Into whofe
Favour he ingratiate himfelf by his Knowledge in Poetry, having
compos'd feveral Tragedies, Comedies, and other Poems that were
very highly applauded by the bed Judges of that Age. Upon the
Death of King James V. he join'd with the /"/-ifw/; Fadion, in Oppo-
fition to the projecfed Marriage betwixt the Infant Queen of Scot-
land, and the Prince of Wales.

Tile Duke of Somerfet the ProtC(flor of England, having, under
this Pretence, invaded Scotland with an Army of ten thoufand Foot,
and fix tiioufand Horfe, thirteen hundred Pioniers and Artificers,
and fifty Pieces of Brafs Ordnances (a), accompanied with the Earl
of IViirzvick, Lord Gray of Wilton, Sir Francis Brian, and many
other Perfons of Note. The Earl of ^rran Governour of Scotland
cTpu'nTf''! immediately raifed an Army of Tliirty thoufand Foot, befides a con-
Ho°fe'' "' fiderable Body of Horfe ; of which our Author had the Honour of
commanding a Troop.

The Governour having encamp'd witli tiiis Army at Inverask, in
View of the Englifh Army, there were daily Skirniifhes betwixt them,
in which our Author behav'd himfelf with fuch Courage, that the
Jj«i'j,^'''>i^*'- Governour Knighted him in the Field for his Valour. The Scots
v»iour. having had frequently the Advantage over the Englifh, becaufe they
knew the Ground better than they did, it was agreed to in a Coun-
cil of War, that they Ihould always skirmifh with them, till they
ftiould oblige them to leave the Country : On the other Hand, the
Englifh finding that they could gain no Advantage by their frequent

Skirmi/hes,

(«) Vid. Duke, Hift. Angl. Scot. P. J?!. Goodwin, Annjl. ad «unum 1547. SpccJ, 64c.

Vol III. TAf LUe of Sir J A M Jt S I N G L I S, Knight. 41

Skiraiuhcs, refolvedro engag^e the Scots in a pitch't Battle. For this ';;^;;')<^_
Piirpofe, the Duke of Somcrjet fent out the Earl oi Wuriuick^ and'^A/"*^
the Lord Gray with a confiderable Body of liglit Horfemen, who
were met by the Lord Hume and our Author, with an equal Num-
ber of Men and Horfe under their Command, upon the 9th Day
of September, 1 547, and they fought it with great Bravery on both
Sides, till Night parted them. The Engltfhiod above a thoufand
Men, and Sir Rahh Bulmar, Thomas Cower and Robert Crouch,
who were Commanders of tUeEngHJJj Troops, were taken Prifoners.
The Scots had above 800 Men killed and taken Prifoners. Tlie Lord
Hume was forely wounded, and fent to Edinburgh, and his Son was
taken PrKbner, with feveral Gentlemen of the Name of Muxivell :
Both Parties boafting o( the Advantage of this Day's Adlion, the
Eail oi Huntly fent an Herauld to the Duke of Somerfet with this
Piopofal, That for the preventing of the fhedding of more Chnflian
Blood, he would figiit i:pon the Peril of the Cau(e, either widi
twenty to twenty, ten to ten, or in a fingle Combat by themfelves
Man to Man. The Duke of Somerfet would not accept of this Offer,
but return'd an Herauld with Offers of Peace, providing they would
afrree to the Marriage. In the mean Time the Englijhmade all the
jiafte tlicy could to gain the Advantage of an Hill called Ptnten-
cloHgh, and by that Means to force the Scots to-a Battle; which the
Governour perceiving, he divided his Army into three Bodies: The
Van Guard was commanded by the Earl of ^ngus, the Rear Guard
by tlie Earl of Huntly, and the main Body by the Governour "and
the Earl of ctArgyle. Tiie Ear! of Angus with the van Guard hafted
furioullv forward, to gain the Advantage of the Ground, which they
did, but were almoft breathlefs, and out of Order, they having run
rather than march'd all the Way ; befides, as they part alongfl: the
Sea Shoar, a Piece of Ordnance difcharged from a Galley of the
En'ritfJi Fleet then lying upon that Coaft, killed four and twenty
of their Aicn, amongft whom was the Lord Graham's eldetl Son,
wliich put them in Tome Confufion : Yet notwithflinding of all this,
the two Armies approaching near to one another at a Place called
Edmi ftoun-edge, near to Afujjelburgh, the Earl of Angus advancing
tovi'ards them (as we have faid) with a more than ordinary Pace.
The Duke of Somerfet perceiving this, commanded the Lord Gray
with the Cavalrv, not to charge them till fuch Time as he could
bring up the Infantry ; but thev were fo warmly received by the Earl
of Anqus, whofe Men were all armed with Pikes and Targets, that
they were forc'd to give Way, and beat back to the main Body of
the Army with fuch Fury, that they run over a great rnany of tneir
own Infantry : In this A(ftion were killed of, the JEngltJh, Captain
Shelley, Captain Ratcliff, and a great many J?erfons of Ndte, and
the Lord Cray dangeroufly wounded in tlic Mouth with a Pike :
Several Standards were taken by t!ie Scots, and the King of England's
Standard, born by Sir Andrew flamucke, was feiz'd upon; but that
Knight being well mounied upon a good Horfe, grappled fo with

L his

41 The Ltfe 0/ J/r J A M E S I N G L 1 S, Kntght. Vc.l. 1 1 /.

'"^"'^-^ his Enemy, rli^^^ '''^ made hisEfcape, carrying away the upper I'arr
vA/vi of the Scandard, leaving the lower Part with liis Antagonilt. The
Scots being too much putf' d up with this Advantage, fell upon the
£n£^lifh with greater Fury than ever, without obferving their Ranks,
or any Manner ot Order, whicii the Duke of Somerfet and the liurl
oi Warwick perceiving, lally'd their Men, attacked them with light
Horfcmen and Archers, and firing hotly upon them with their
Cannon from the Hill oi Firiten-clongh^ they were forced at lall to
"ive Way ; upon which the Eriglijh gave a great Shout, crying our,
They flee, they flee ; and thofe of the Scots who were of the £«(/////;
Faciiion, took this Opportunity of throwing down their Ariris, try-
in>' out aloud, ^H is lojl, all is lojl ; which fo terrify 'd the main
Body of the Army, molt of them being undifciplm'd and new
levied Men, that they turn'd their Backs and fled; yet the High-
landers made a very noble Ref^dance, but at length were over-
powered with Numbers of Horfe, and obliged likewife to retreat.
in this Battle the Scots loft about 8000 Men, who were killed
upon die Field, and amongft thefe were the Apparent Heirs
and Reprefcntatives of tlie noble Families of Erskin, Ogilvie,
Fleeming-, Livingflotin, .Mejfan, Riithcn and Rofs : And the Engiijh,
contrary to all^thc Laws of Honour, put moft cruelly and in-
humanly to Death the Mafters of Erskin and Biuhivi, after tiiey
had delivered themfelves up Prifoners of War : The Earl of Huntly
Lord High Chancellor, the Lord Tejler^ and about a thoufand
more were made Prifoners. The next Day, being the r i th of
September I547» the f/Zj^/zy^ Army march'd ftreight to Leith, where
they burnt the Town, killed and mafTacred all the Monks and Friars
they met with. The Governour, with his Brother the Aich-Bifhop
of St. j^ndreios (a). Tiie Earls of Angus, Cavils and Rothes having
made their Efcape to Edinburgh, removed the Earl oi Bothwell ixom
the Caftle of Edinburgh, where he was kept Prifoner for corrcfpon-
ding with the Englijh, and took him along wich them to Stirling^
and our Author went over to Fife, where he fpent the Remnant of
his Life in the innocent Amufements of a Country Life ; during
which Time, he compos'd feveral Trerttifes both in Verfe and Profe,
of which we have ftill extant one, called Scotland's Complaint, prin-
ted at St. Andrews in 1548. In the Preface or Prologue, as he calls
it, of this Book, he excnfes himfelf for his homely Stile, tiie Love
of his Country only having induc'd him to appear in Publick in
the common Language of the Country that was beft underftood
by the Vulgar, without atfeifting Words borrowed from other
Languages; his Words are, Zit noch lefs, I hope, that zvife Men zvill
repute my Ignorance for ane mortifiat Prudence be Reajon of my ^ood
Intention that procedis fra ane ajfet^i^e ardant favoir that 1 hafe
euy born toivart this affigit Realm, quhilk is my native Cuntre. Nou
nou heir I exhort all Philojophouris, Hifloriographours and Or a tours
of our Scottifli Natione to fupport, and till excufe my barbir, agre(i

Ttrniisl

(«) Vid. Lcfly dc gcllli Scot. Lib. 10.

Vol. III. The Ltfe of Sir] AMES INGLIS, Knight. 45

Termis, for I thocht it nocht necejjair till haf fardit and lardit this

'>»/N>»^

Trai^eit" vitht exquifite Termeis mhilkes" are nocht daly ufit, hut"^^^^
rather I haf uflt domejlic Scotcifh Langage maijl intiUigihl for the
rulgare Pepil. There hes bene divers Tranjlat ours andCompilairs in aid
Ttf^ies that tuk grat Plefur to contra fait their ulgar Langage^ mixand
their Purpo/ts vitht uncoutht exqni/it Termis drojn, or raither to fay
mair formarlj, rcuyn fra Latatng, and fume of them tuk Plefeir- to
gar on %!ord of there Purpof to he full of Syllabis half an cyMjle of
lentcht. And at the Conclufioii or liis Preface he (ays, That if this
meets with a favourable Reception, ' he will publifh feveral other
Things. His Book is divided into XX Chapters. In the I Chapter
he fhews, That the Changes of Monarchies arifes from their Wicked-
nefs, which God in his Juftice punifhes, and not from Chance of
Fortune, as fome ignorant People imagine ; and here he laments
the great Lofs the Nation had fuftain'd at tlie Battle of Pinkie^
which feem'd to threaten, as if God defign'd for their Punifhmcnr,
to fubjedl them to their old inveterate Enemies ijhe EnglifJ:. In tlie
II Chapter, He fliews from the facred Scriptures the Tlireatnings of
God's Vengeance againft wicked and obftinate People. In the III
He fhews, That God executes his Judgments againft the Nation ;
we are not to attribute it to the Valour of their Enemies, but to
his permifUve Power, and this (fays he) is now the Cafe betwixt
England and Scotland ; and he holds, that God will permit fome
other foreign Nation to ra?e them from the Face of the Earth for
tlie un)uft Wars that they have raifed through Chrifendom for thefe
dOO Years bygone. In the IV Chapter, He applies the ^d Chapter
of the Prophet JJaidh to the prefent State of the Scots Nation. In.
die V Chapter, He gives various Opinions of the Philofophers con-
cerning the World and its Duration ; and in his own Opinion he
fays. That after the Supputation o( Elias, as Mr. John Carrion has
obferv'd, the World has but 451 Years to laft, becaufe it was bur to
endure 600O Years, of which there is 548 Years already paft : And
this is according to an ancient Tradition amongft the ^ews, that
the World fhall only laft 60OO Years, icxDO be^rc the Law, 2000
under the Law, and lOOO under the Gofpel. The VI Chapter is a
poetical Digreftion of the Author, whicn he calls, jin Monolog-
recreatyve of the oAdor : In this Cliapter he fays. That being
fatigu'd with his Studies, he retired himfelf to a Foreft upon the
6\\\ Day of June^ and placing himfelf at the Foot of a Mountain
ori the Banks of a pleafant River, he defcribes in poetical Terms
the various Beauties of the Field in that Seafon of the Year ; then
he gives an Account of the feveral Cries of the Beafts, the Chir

Sliip in the Terms of the Seamen : After this he fays, he was diverted
with the Sight of the Shepherds Wives and Children ; gives an
Account ottheit rural Performances, making one of them entertain

L 2 cbo

^^ Tlje Life 0/ i'/r J A M L S I N G L I S, Knight. Vol. iTT

rv-/V^ the rcrt witli a Difcourfc of the Happinefs and Crcatncfs ot the
sJiiv^ Shepherd's Lite; then lie tielcribcs to them die glorious Fahricks
of the Heavens, which they daily have in View ; and then he lays
down the whole J'nnciples of Aftronomy, and an Explanation of
the moft common Phariomena in Nature, fuch as Thunders and
Li<'htnin<j;s, Hail, Snow and Rain, Eclipfes of the Sun and Moon,
(Stc. Then one of tlie Shephcrd'.s Wives, to whom thclelong Philo-
fophical and Miuhcmaticul Lcdures were no ways agreeable, makes
a Piopofal to every one of them to tell a Tale, which they imme-
diately"a"reed to : And here our Author gives an Account of the
Tables and Stories rhe Country People then ufed to divert them-
iclveswith: After which eacli of the Shepherds fung a Song, which
our Author here enumerates. And fince they difcovcr uTiat were
then the moft erteem'd Scots Poems, I fhall give an Account of them
in his own Words. The ift is, The Briers binds me fair. The id,
Still "under the Leyvis grene. The ^d, Couthume the Rtijhis grene.
The 4th, yilLue I 'V)t your twa jeyr Ene. The 5tli, Goeteyougudc
D,T)i -vit Boy. The 6th, Lady he I ^ your Prifoneir. Tiieyth, King
Williams Note. 8th, The bnge no wee non. 9th, The Cheavel Valk.
1 0th, FiJy that is none, nth, Skald a Bellis non. r zth. The Aber-
Azm noH Brum. i^iU, Brum on tul. i.i\tU, ^IJone J reipt in great
Piflrejs. I Ttli, Tortee Solee Lemendoti. i(5th, Bille vil thu cu/n by
a Bute and belt the in Saint Francis Cord. 17th, The Frog cam to
the M)lDur. 1 8th, Gillfjuhiskar. 19th, Rycht forily mu/ing in my
Mynd. 20th, God Jen the Due had bydden in France, and Delaubawte
had neuter cum hanie. lift, ^l mufing of Meruillir a mys hef J gone.
lid, Maflrcs fayr Zcril Jo fayt. l^d, O lufly Alaje loith Mora
Clueen. 14th, O A4)rle Hart hay this is my Sang, ijtii. The Battel
o/'Hayrlau. 16th, 71(7^ ///</zm 0/ Clieuit. 17th, Sal J go vit z.oit
to Rumbolo J'ayr. i8th, Greit is m\ Sorou. l(^x\^, Turn the Juit
Ville to me. 30tli, My Lufe is lyan fick^ fend him Joy, fend htm Joy.
:21ft, Fayr Lufe len thou me tlJy Mamil Joy. 3 id. The Parfte and
the Mongumr)'e met that Day, that gentil Day. 33d, My Lufe is
laid upon an Knycht. 34th, ^llace the famen Jueit Face. 35th, In
an myrthful Morrou my Hart leuit on the Lad. And feveral others
which our Author fays he has forgot : After this, fays he, the Shep-
herds went to the dancing, and he names all their Dances. The
Shepherds having gone home with their Flocks, our Aurhor's next
Diverfion was to contcmplat Herbs in the Fields, ot which he gives
the following Account. There, fays he, J Jaw ane Erb callit Barba
Aron, quhilk was gude remeid for Emeroides in the Fundament ; I
fua Virmet that vas cudefor an febil Stomak, and Sounkks that vas
gude for the black Guljet ; I Jua mony green Seggis, that are gude to
provoke the Flouris of Women; ffaw Vater-Iillie, quhilk is a Remeid
contar Gonoria ; J jua Tanfy, that is gude to purge the Niiris and,
Enerfodes that conjumeis the Ventofiteis of the Stomak ; 7 fua Mug-
wart, quhilk is gude for the Suffocations of ane.Vomans Bayrn-bcd ;
//waReyton, the Decot tori ofvtckis Remeid for anjair Haid; J fua

Belis

Vol. III. The Life of Stt^ ] kWES INGLIS, Kmght. ^5

Becis, that is^ude contrar a Conjlipation ; I jua Bofage, that is jy^
gudc to comfort the Hart] / j«rt Commayne, Cfuhilk is gUde fdr'^'^V^
anc fcabit Q^outh; I Jua Hemn, .that coagulcs the Mux of the Sperm 'y
J Jua Mavdcn-Huyr, of the quhilk an Sirmp made of it, is JRemeid
contrar the Jnfe£iion of the Melt ; ffua Celidone, qnhilk is gude to
help the Sight of the Ene ; and CipprfefTes, that is gude for the
fiuxis of the Belly e; //«^ Fumeterric, that tempris an height Lyver",
J Jua Biumc, that pronjoks ane Perfone to 'Vomit aid Fume ; I fua
Rofhetis, that provoks Men to fee p ; J fua Yfope, that is gUde h
purge congelit Flame of the Ljchtnes ; I Jua mony othar Herbs. After
this our Aurlior falls adeep. And in the VII Chapter gives us an
Account of a Dream that he had, wherein he faw the afflicfied Lady^
Dame Scotia, with her Three Sons, the Three Eftatcs of Scotlandy
wliofc lamentable Condition he defcribes. In the VIII Chapter he
fhows how the afflidlcd Lady reproved her Three Sons for their
Cowardice and Wickednefs. In the IX Chapter he fhows how the
afflidlcd Lady cx'horccd lier Children to take Example from divers
Countries that God had relieved from the Slavery of their Enemies.
In die X Chapter he fhows how much the Englijh rely upon Mer-
lins Prophecies, which proriiiied the Conqueffof Scotland to them;
but he cites a Prophecy out of one of their own Hiflories, called,
The Polychron'icon, wherein 'tis faid, That England fhall be firft
conquered by the Danes, then bv the Saxons, then by the Normans,
laftly by the Scots ; after whicli there fhall be but one Monarchy,
and live under one Prince. In the XI Chapter, he fhows how the
pretended Kings of £«^/rt«^ have no jufi: Title to" the Realm of
England, eidier by Electtion or Succeffion, and how treacheroufly
they have dealt with the Welch and Irijh. The XII Chapter is Upon
the fame Subjecfl. In the XIII Chapter he fhows the Familiarity
and good Correfpondence that was kept betwixt fome of the Scots
and Englif Nobility and Gentry, was the Caufe of the Country's
being betrayed : For, fays our Author, 'tis an old Scots Proverb,
^ne hyrand Damyjale, and ane Jpekand Caflel neuyr end with Honour.
That is to fay, Tiiat a Lady that liflens and intertains the Propo-
fals of a Lover, fhe is in as fair a Way to be gain'd as a Caftle that
keeps a Correfpondence with an Enemy. In the XIV Chapter,
our Author fhows from Hiflory how Traitors have been always
punifh'd, even by thofe who engag'd them in the Treafon. In the
XV Chapter, he fhoAVS the lamentable Condition of the afflidted
Lady's Tiiird Son, the Commons. In the XVI Chapter he fhows
how the afHidled Lady anfwers her youngefl Son, by upbraiding
him with his infolent and factious Temper; and her two eldeft
Sons, for tiieir Negligence in defending her Honour and Perfon.
In the XVII Chapter, he fhows what Faults the Lady laid to the
Charge of her cldefl Son, the Nobility and Gentry. The XVIil
and XIX Chapters fhows the Faults that he laid to ner fecond Son,
rhe Clergy. In the laft Chapter he concludes with her Exhortation
to her Three Sons, that they fhould ftand firm together againft

M her

4<5 n^e Life 0/ ^/r J A M E S I N G L I S, Knight. Vol. / / /.

'J^^ her and their Enemies, otherwife they would bring Ruin and Mi-

^■'V*^ fery on them both.
Hi,D«th This Gcnclcnian died at Culrojt in the Year 1554. ^'\r David

"acn*"' LimiJiVj of the Mount, as we have Teen in his Life, reckons him
one ot tlie bcft Poets of tliat Age ; and by his Complaint it appears
that he was well C:ei\ in the Grecian and Roman Hi(torics ; for in
every Chapter of this Book, all that he fays is illiiftrared by various
Examples taken from the Grecian and Roman Hiftorians : JW the
fame Book it likewife appears that he was a good Mathematician
and Philofopiier, a moll faithful and loyal Subjedt, and a great
Lover of iiis Country.

The Catalogue of his Works.

J- TyOems, conjijling of Songs, BaUads, Plays and Farces, in

jl Ms.

II. Scotland'/ Complaint againj} her Tljree Sons, the Nobility, Clergy
and Commons, imprinted at St. Andrews, in 8i;o.

THE

LIFE of the Reverend Father in G O D,
ROBERT REIV, Bifliopof Or\^ej,

HIS learned Prelate was born in the Reign of King

"James IV. and had his Education at the Univer-

HijBirifc H i\ty o( Aberdeen; where, after he liad finilhed the

Courfe of his Studies in the Belks-Lettres and

Philofophy, he went over to the Univerhty of

Paris, where he ftudied Theology, and the Civil and Canon Law:
Having entred into Holy Orders, he returned to his native Country,
and was preferred to the Bifhoprick oi Orkney (a), being nominated
Bift.'opTf''' thereto in the Year 154O, and admitted in the Confiltory upon the
e«f"7,'.d"o iOth o( July 1 541. He had likewife beftowed upon him fcveral
nJi'.'.*' '''^' other Dignities both in Church and State, being made by King
James V. one of the Lords of the Privy Council, one of the Sena-
tors of the College of Juftice, and Prefident to the Sellion ; in all
which Stations, ne difcharged his Duty with great Exacftnefs and
Fidelity : And he was no lefs ferviceable to his Nation in publick
Negotiations Abroad, than in thefe honourable Stations at Home,
having perform'd feveral LmbalTies with great Succefs to the Popes
Adrian VI. Clement VII. and Paul III. by which the learned Dr.

Jamejon

{it) Vid. JioKlon't Nuici ufoo Sfoirwood fcacs mc.

Vol.111. The Life of ROBERT Ki,lD, Bijhop of Oikncy. 47

Jamfon makes it appear, that his firfl Enibaffy to Rome muft have ^^T^.
been in the Year 1511, or 1515. Tope Adrian dying this laft^-'^'~
Year, after he had pofl'efled the Popedom only one Year, eidit
Months and fix Days. Our Author's next Embafly to Rome was Dc-
twixt the Years 1 513 and 1 554. For in that Year died Pope Clement
VII. after he fat ten Years, ten iMonths, and fevcn Days. And his
lad EmbafTy to VopePaul III. wa5 betwixt the Years i 554 and 1 549.
For then Pope Paul III. died, having poflcfied tlic Papal Chair
eighteen Years and twenty eight Days. King James V. fent our
learned Prelate likewife Ambafiadour to Henry VIII. King of En-
gland ; but that which we are to confider him moft for here, is as
bein'T a Perfon of extraordinary Learning and Piety, and a great
Encourager of it in others, as we learn from one that was well
acquainted with him (a), if we c6nfider tlie Adts of Charity and
Mercy that he did in his own Diocefs, it muft be owned that he was
one of the moft wortliy Prelates that ever pofteft that Sec ; for he ^^"^f"';/
caufed build a moft ftately Tower to the north End of his Palace, 'i>r! °
where his Statue is yet to be feen engraven. (^) He enlarged the
Cathedral Church, added three Pillars to the former Fabrick, and
beautify 'd the Entry with a magnificent Porch : He built St. Olaus
Church in Kirkwall, and a large Court of Buildings, to be a College
for inftru(5ting of the Youth in thefe and the adjacent Ifles, in Gram-
mar, Philofophy and Mathematicks. He made a new Erecflion and
Foundation of the Chapiter, confifting of feven Dignities, whereof
the firft was a Provoft, to whom, under the Bifhop, the Correiftion
of the Canons, Prebends and Chaplains belonged ; and lie had
allotted to him the Prebendary of the Holy Trinity, and Vicarage
of Randalpaw, with the Maintenances of the Church of Burras.
The fecond was an Arch-Deacon, who would govern the People
according to the Canon Law, and to him was given the Arcli-Dea-
con's ancient Rights, the Vicarage of Brija, and Chaplainry of St.
Olaus within the Cathedral Church of ICirkwall ; together with the
Stipend and Maintenance of the Church of Hura. The third was
a Precentor, who was to rule and diredl the finding Boys in the
Quire, and to him was given the Prebendary of Or/;/;/rf,and Vicarag6
of Stennis. The fourth was a Chancellor, who was to be learn'cl
in both the Laws, and bound to read the Canon-Law publickly in
the Chapiter, to look to the prcferving and mending the Books of
the Quire and Regifter, to keep the Key and Seal of the Library j
atid to him was given the Prebendary of St. Mars in Sanda, and
Vicarage of Sanda. The fifth was a Treafurer, who kept the Trei-*
fury of the ChurCh, the facred Veftments, the Bread, Wine, Wax,
Oil, and what elfe was neceflary for the Lights of the Church; and
to him was given the Redory of St. Nicolas in Stronz^a, and Vica-
rage of Stroni^a. Tli? fixth was a Sub-Deacon, who fupplied tf\e
Place of the Provoft in his Abfence, for amending the Defe<5ls df
the Chapiter, and to exerce the Office of Butler to the Bifhop ; a'nd

Ml to

'(^) Vii. Scicoa Mim. Un. U) Vii. Dr. WtUtc, I>«r>.ii{>t. of Orkiic).

mm mm

48 The Life of KOIMIKT R E I D, Bi/hop of Orkney. Vol. J If.

^v^v. to iuni was given tlic rarfonage of //oj, and Vicarage of IViifs.

^'^ And tlic laft was a Siib-Cliancor, who was bound to play upon tl>6

Organs each Lord's Day, and Fcftivals, and to fupply tlic I'lace of

the Chanror in his Abfencc } and to him was given tlie Prebendary

of St. Colme.

He erecftcd likcwife fcven other Canons and Prebends ; the firft
was the Prebend of the ?Ioly Crofs, who was a fpecial Keeper of
lioly Things under the Treaiurer, took care of the Clock, and of
the riivj;ing of the Bells at the Canonical Hours, and that no
Nallinefs (hould be in the Church, but that the Hoor iliould be
cleanly iwcpt, and that all Things fhould be kept in Decency and
Order ; and to him was given tlie Parfonage of Crojs-Kirk \uSanda.
The (econd was the Prebend ot St. Aiary^ who took care ot the
Hoof and Windows of the Cathedral, by helping them when there
was need ; and to him was given the Chaplainry of St. Mary, and
the Vicarage of Evj. The third was the Prebend of St. Magnus,
who was Confellor to the Bilhop's Houfhold, Provoft, Canons,
Chaplains and their Servants in the Time of Eflher, and to admi-
niftrate the Sacrament unto them ; and to him was given the Pre-
bendary of St. Magnus. The fourth was the Prebend of St. John
the Evangelift. Tlie fifth was the Prebend of St. Laurence : The
fixth. was the Prebend of St. Katharin : And the feventii was the
Prebend of St. Duthack. To which feven Prebendaries he aflUgned
and allotted (beddcs thefe Churches of which they bore the Titles)
the Rents and Revenues of the Parfonages of St. Colwe in Waes,
and of the Holy Crofs in Weflra ; a.f alfo the Vicarages of the
Parifh Churches of Sandivick ^n^Stromnes, with their Pertinents for
their daily Subhftence ; belides all thefe Canonries he ereded like-
wife thirteen Chaplainries, of which the firft was Mafter of the
Grammar-School, and Chaplain of St. Peters. The fecond was
Mailer of the Singing-School, and Chaplain of St. ^ugufiin. The
third wub Stallarnis, or the Bifhop's Qiiiiifter. Tlic fourth the Pro-
voft's C^uirifter. The fifth the Arch-Deacon's. The fixth the Pre-
centor's. The feventh the Chancellor's. The eighth the Treafurer's.
The ninth the Sub-Deacons. The tenth the Prebend's of t\\e Holy
Crofs. The eleventh, the Prebend's of St. iWrry. The twelfth, the
Prebend's of St. /<rj/W/«. Andthelaft, the Chaplain s of the Holy
Crofs. And every one of thefe Quirifters had Twenty four Meileis,
or Bolls of Corn, and ten Merks oi Money for their yearly Sub-
fiftence, befides their daily Diftributions which he appointed to be
rais'd from the Vicarage of the Cathedral Church, and from the
Foundation oi Thomas Bifhop of Orkney, and of the twelve Pounds
Sterling mortified by King James III. and James IV.

The Office of thefe Quirifters was to fing Mafs Evening and Mor-
ning by Turns, to which he added a Sacrift who was to ring the
Bells, light the Lamps, carry in Water and Fire to the Church,
and to go before the Proceffion with a white Rod ; and for this he
had the accuftom'd Revenue, together with fourty Shillings Sterling

from

Vol. Ill, rhe Life 0/ R O B E R T R E I D, Btjhop of Orkney. 49

from die Billiop yearly : He likcwife ordained fix Boys co be Taper- ^J^-^
bearers, and to fing the Refponfories and Verfes in tlie Quire, as^A)^
thev ueic to be ordered by the Chantor ; of thefe fix finging Boys,
the fiilt was to be nominated by the Bifliop ; the fecoiid by trie
Prebend of St. Magnus ; the third by the Trebend of St. Tohn the
J:vangeli(l: ; the tourth by the Prebend of St. Laurence; the fifth
by the Prebend of St. Katharin ; and tlie fixtii by the Prebend of
Sr. Duthack. And every one of them (befides their Maintenance)
had twenty Shilling Scots yeaily, and to every one of the forefaid
Dignities, Canons and Prebends he alTigned certain Lands in Kirk-
zuall for their Manfions : The Charter of which Eretftion is ftill ex>
tant, and dated at Kirkzvall upon the 1 8th of Odlol;er, 1544. ^^
likewile left his noble Library, confifting of a moft valuable and
numerous Colledlion ot Books in all the Sciences and Languages,
to the Abbacy of Kinlofs, of which he had been Abbot in his youn-
ger Years. He gave liberal Allowances to four of his Nephews,
whom he Cent to the Univerfity of Paris, who were all of them
afterwards great Ornaments to dieir Country. He likewife fettled
two confidcrable Funds to be given yearly, the one for the Main-
tenance of Gentlemcns Sons at the Univcrfities of j4berdeen, St.
^Andrews and Clafgoiu, that had good Spirits, but had not where-
upon to prolecute tiieif Studies : The other was for the Education of
youn^ Gentlewomen, who were left unprovided for by their
Parents.

In the Year 1557, the King of France having fent a Letter to die
Three Eftates of Parliament in Scotland, defiring that the Marriage
Ihoiild be confummared betwixt the Dauphin of France and the
young Qiicen. The Parliament having accordingly met for tiiat End, „„» b'/th,*
they made Choice of our excellent Prelate, with "^amcs Arch-Bifhop ^"s'^'^'i?
oi Glajgow, Da'uid Bifhop of Rofs, Secretary of State, James Prior
of Sr. ^Andrews, the Qiieen's Baftard Brother, George Earl of RotheSy
Cill^ert Earl of Cajjils, James Lord Fleeming, Ccorge Lord Seton^
Q.nd John Er skin of Dun, Tiovofi of Montrofe, to negotiate this
great Affair. Thefe Noblemen and Gentlemen having embark'd at
Letth in the Month of February, 155^5 by a great Tempeft, one of
tlieir Ships that carried their Horfes, was Shipwrack'd at St. Ebbs-
Head, and another, wherein our Prelate and the Earl of Rothes were,
with all the Furniture for the Marriage (which was very rich and
fumptuous) was (hipwrack'd upon the Coafts of France, nif;h to
'Bul/oign, the Earl and our Prelate hardly efcaping in tlie Ship's
Boat ; The reft of the Fleet arrived fafely at Buuoign, from wiience
all of them went ftreight to Paris, where they were nobly receiv'd
and cntertain'd by the French King ; and after the Solemnities of »,-, oe.*
die Marriage were over, returning for Scotland, our excellent ^r^'J^Q,^*
late died fuddenly at Diepe, upon the 14th of September, 1558.

-Adam Elder, a Monk of iCmloJs, and Tutor to one of our Biftiop's
Nephews at the Univerfity of Paris, in a Latin Sermon upon Sr.
'Bernard, makes a Comparifon betwixt our Prelate and that Saint,

N suid

5C The Life 0/ R O B E K T R E I D, Bijhop of Orkney. Vr.l. / / 1

C^-^^ and tells us, that he was one oF the mofl eloquent Pcrfons of his
^^^/'*^ Ai;e, either on the Bench, or in the Pulpit, hcing always agree-
able, inftruiflivc and nervous in his Reafonings; tliat his llxhorta-
tions were pref^ng, his Admonitions ferious, and his Thrcarnings,
tho' they were accompanied with unexprelfible Veheniciicc and
Force, yet were Co temper'd with Mceknels, that it plainly appe ir'd
to every one, that it was nothing of a Chagrinefs of "fenipcr,
or an iniulting and domineering Humour, but tor their Inftrudioii
and Salvation that made him clo it ; That he was a levcre Difci-
plinarian, that no Man in the Age he lived in, knew the Civil
and Canon Law better than he did; tlia't he was charitable
beyond Expredion. Then addreitlng himfclf to his Nephew, he
concludes his Characftcr in thcfe Words, Non enim eft necejje jam
tibi enumerare alia tlnrima charitatis opera, in qimns exercetur
ejus henejicentia, veluti eft paupemm ineclia firmd ^ annis oppref-
Joruw, corporali aliworjia piaJnblevatio, piiellarum, quil/ns teniiiores
Jiint forturiA auani iit popnt exfohere dotem, honefla m matrimomum
collocatio ; (jenerofornm pe^ormn adolejcentulornm complurium in
jlndio literario munificent isfi:}ia enutrttio. And (peaking of his Love
to Letters, he (ays, Prorjus nihil denique optimis iibris unquam
praponit, qui quanta plura eaque optima cuniii generis meliornm
literarum ojolnmina, nullis parcens Jumptihus hue quotidie diligcnter
conger it tanto pauciora femper fe habere K^ palam coram doilis dicer e
folet ^ &fiimat ; ^ hujufmodi multa qus. dinumerare longum ejfet.
We have nothing of this learned Prelate's Writings, but a Dedrip-
tion of the Orkney Iflands, the Verity of which was fworn to by
him and his Prebends, to fatisfy the King of Denmark, at whole
Defire it was undertaken ; and this is (lill extant in MS. and con-
f\(is of about a Quair of Paper in folio, and was in the Cullody of
the Reverend Mr. Robert Norrie Minifter at Lockozvay near Forfar.
I have tikcwife in my Cuftody a MS. Genealogy of the Family of
the Sinclairs, (ent by this Piclare to the King oi Demnark; which
is all that I know of his that is extant. So I fhall conclude his Life
with the following Verfes, compos'd by the above-mentioned
Adam Elder.

Qjtid tentem angufio perfiringere carmine laudes

Q_uas nulla eloquii njis celebrare queat.
Clarus es eloquio, ccelo dignijjme Pnrfuly

Antiqua generis nobilitate njiges,
Commijjumque gregem pafcis, relevafque jacentem,

Exemplo ducens ad meliora tuo ;
Ac njelut exoriens terris fol difcutit umbras^

Illuflras radiis peitora caca tuis.
Hortaris tardos, objurgas, corripis omnes,

In mala prxcipites quos vetus error agit.
Pauperibus tua te£ia patent, tua prompta 'voluntas.

At que bonis femper dexter a larga tua efl,
Nemo lupos melius facris ab ovilibus arcet^ '

Ne Chrifii lanient diripiant've gregem, Ergo

VoJ. III. The Life of KOJ^EKT KLID. Btjhop of Orkney; J7

Er^o pia ob fiudia, ^ magna, durofque laboresy ?:r^

Jlle Veus pacts, det tibt pace frm. vArv

Conccdatque tuis fucctdant omnia 'votis,
Et bona Juccejjus adjuvet aura tuos.

I. A

The Catalogue of his Works.

Geographical Defer ipt ion of the Iflands of Orkney.

II. ^Genealogical and Htforicai jiccount of the Family of the
Sinclairs : Both tliefe were wrote at the JDefire of the King of
Denmark, and (till extant in MS.

T

The Life of Mr. TATRlCJ^ COCI{BURN,
Profe/Tor of the Oriental Languages at
Tariff and Minifter of Haddingtoun.

HIS Gentleman was a Son of the Laird of Lang- hi, Birth

touns in the Mr j {a), and had his Education at o"'! ^''"""'

theUniverfity ofSt.^w^rfzyj; where, after he had

finifhed the Courfe of his Studies in the Belles-

____^ Lettres and Philofophy, he applied himfclf to tlie

Study oftlie Oriental Languages and Theology : And having entred

into Holy Orders, he went over to the Univerlity oi Paris, where p"f/ffo?of*

he tauglit the Oriental Languages for feveral Y6ars with qrcat Ap-u„°','""'

plaufe. In the Year 1 551 he publifh'd a Book upon the Ufefulnefs" ^""^

and Excellency of the Word ot God ; and the next Year at the fame

Place he publifhed another concerning the vulgar Phrafe and Stile

of the facred Scriptures : Thefe two Books having brought him

under the Sufpicion of favouring the Opinions of the Reformers, he j^ ,

was obliged to leave the Univerfity of Paris, and return to Scotland ^""'""".'nd

where he embrac'd the Reformation, and taught the Languages for»^'«''<''»"i-'

fome Years at St. oAndrexvs : And in the Year 1555 he publi/hed at'""

^t. Andrews fome pious Meditations upon the Lord's Prayer; after

this he was made Minifter at Haddingtoun, and wai the firfl of tiie

Reformed Religion who preached in that Place.

Bcfides tlie Writings wliicli our Author publifhed durin^^ his own akAccodbi

Life, he left beliijid iiim in MS. a Book upon the Apoftles Creed, g"'^'"*'"^

Book upon Juftification, and aCatechifm : To which Dempfter adds

a Book upon the Sin againft the Holy Ghoftj a Book ot Epiftles,

and a Book of Orations : But I ihall only take Notice of his Booi^

upon the Apoftles Creed, and according to my propos'd and ufual

Metliod, give the Reader a brief Wxiioiy of this Creed, which our

Ailthor propofcs as the only Standard of our Faith.

N 1 The

' ■— ■ ■ — •— ]

\'l Vid. IXmrUti, Ub. ). f. il}. tfocf*. Ub. >, Cluf Kt'i MS. CoL of Sc()t« Vftiw, p«nM m:

An. IJS9-

Tht H.Hory
rf ihf Apo-
diet Creca.

51 <ri)e Life of M.I. PATRICK COCKHUHN, (Sfc. Vol. II f.

The common or vulgar Opinion is, That the CrecJ which goes
now under the Name of the Apoftles, was cotnpofcd by them, but
the Criticks are not agreed citlicr as to the 'iimc when they ihd
it, their Manner of doing it, or their J)engn in doing ir. And,
firjly As to the Time, ibme think, with Rtifjirtus (a) and Ifitlor,
That it was compos'd the fame Year in which our Saviour died, a
little Time after die Defccnt of the HolyChoft: Ikir Cardinal r>a-
ronins, and others (I;) are of Opinion, That theycompofed it in the
iecond Year of tlie Empire o( CLii^cliiis, a little before they (eparute ;
but botli thc(e Opinions are but Conjedures. In the lecond and
third Centuries we find almo(\ as many different Creeds, as there
were ditlerent Authors. Thus St. IrenxHs has one, Book i. Ca^. i.
and another, Booki. Cap.l. Tfr/«///rt« has three different ones in
lii^ Book oi Prejcriptions, in his Book againfl Praxetis^ and in his
15ook concerning the vailing of Virgins. Origen has likewifc two
different ones (c). And all of them differing from the Vulgar,
which is now received both by the Church of Rome., and the Reform'd
Churches. And in the ^.th Century, RujjinHs has compar'd the
three different Creeds, or Symbols of the CJiurch of ylqiiileia,iUc
Eaftern Cluirch, and the Weftein Church, ai.d fhows in what they
differ; and how all of them differ from the Vulgar, will appear by
the following Table.

(,j^ Vid. Ruff. Fxpo. Symb. Ifid. Lib. i. de Off. C»p. ii. (t) Vid. Baron, ad annum. (0 Vid. Sici. Hift
Lib I. Sotom. Lib. i.

The Four ancient Creeds of the Chrijlim Church compared together.

The Vulgar.

I Believe in God the Ft-
iher, Almighty Maker
of Heaven and l:ar(h.

II.
And in JefusChnft hit only
Son our Lord.

III.
\fho was conceived by the
Holy Ghoft, born of the
Viiirin M*r).
IV.
Suffered under Pinliu$ViUlt,
crucified, dead and buried,
he defcended into Hell.

V.
The third Day he rofc ftotn
the dead.

VI,
He afcended into Heaven,
and ruieth at the right Hand
ef God the Father Almighty:

VII.
From thence he (hall come
to judge the Quick and the
Dead.

VIM.
I believe in the Holy Ghoft.

IX.
The Holy Cilhnlick Church,
the Communion of Sainti,

X.
The Remiffi'in of Sins.

XI.
The Refuttetlion of the
Flelh.

XII.
Life cvetlalling. Airitf,

The A CI.U I »- s r A N.

I

Believe in one Got?, the

Father Almighty.

II.

And in Chiif) Jefui hil Only
Son our Lord.
III.
Who was born of the Holy
Ghoft by the Vitgm M"}-

IV.

Crucified under V'tilim Vi-
Ule, defcended into Htll.

V:

lie [ami,

VI.

He afcended into Heaven,

andfittcth atthe right Hand

of God the Father.

vn.

The fdmt^

vin.

And in the Holy Ghoft.

IX.
I believe in the Holjr
Church.

X.
the fame,

XI.
The Refurrcdion of thil
Fleih.

XII.

The E A S T K Pt N.

I Believe in one God, (he
Father Almighty, Invi-
fible and Imparfible.

II.
And in our only LorJ Jefus
Cliiill lilt Sun.
III.
71i> fame uiilk ihit ef
At^uileia.

IV.
Crucified under Tcnliii$ fi-
iate^ and buried.

V,
jfie /«ffl(.'

VI.
ne fame viilh that ef
Aquilcia.

VI!.
iTba fame,

VIII.
The fame will that ef
A^uileia.

EX.
The fame with that ef
Aquileia.

X.
jrJe fame,
XI.
1%c fame evttb iht
Vulgar.

^ xir.

Waalms.

Tin Western.

I.

I Believe in Cod th«
Father Almighty.

II.

And in Chrift Jefus his
Only Son our Lord.
III.
the fame iuilb that •/
Aquileia,

IV.

Tie fame with Iha
Eailern.

V.
The fame.

VI.
The fame viith that ef
Aquileia.

VII.

The fame.

VIIL
The fame viilh that ef
Aquileia.

IX.
The fame with that ef
Aquileia.

X.

The fame,

XI.

The fame viilb tha

Vulvar.

XU.
yYam.ng.

Now

Vol.111. The Life of Mr. VAT KICK COC K]i\JKhi,^c. 5^

No>v all ot rhele Creeds are laid to be the true Apoftolick^V^^
Creed : And, Firjl, As to the Wejlcrn Churcli, Rnffimis in his Pre- ^A/^
Face to his Expoiition, (ays, That the Church ot Rome kept clofs
to the Apoftles Creed, without tlie leart \''ariation; and accordin^r
to that every one was baptized ; but in all the reft of the Churched
(everal other Things were added, becaufe oi the new HcrcHes that
had fprun'j; up aniongft tliem ; wiiereas at Rome there never havin^
been any Hercfies, there was no Necellitv of any Vaiiation. Hii
VVords arc. Hind non ir/.-portune commoncndum puto, quod in diver/is^
Ecclejiis aliqua in his vcrl^is inveninntur ddjecfa ; in Ecclejia tawcn
urLis Roni.v, hoc non deprehenditur failum., quod ego propterea ejfe
arhitror, nnod ncque H&refis nlla illic fimipfit exordium : Et mos ihi
Jcrv,Tliir antiqiMS, eos qui ^ratiam Baptijmi Jufcepturi fnnt puUice,
id cfl, Fidclium populo undiente, fymboiiim reddere, d^ utiquc ad-
je{(tonem tinius jiutem fermonis eorum qui pr£ccjJerMnt in Fide noti
rtd-f/^iittit atiditus^ in c&teris autem (ocis, qiumtutn intelli^t datur^ prop-
ter nonnrdlos H^reticos addita qti&dam njidentur per qi4£ novella
doilrin& fcnftis credcrctiir excludi : nos tamen ilium ordinem feqiiimur
quern in Acjuileicnfi Ecclefia per Lavacri gratiam [nfccpimus. And
St. QyJmlfrofe in his 8tli Epiftle to Siricus fays, Tiiat the Apoftolicic
Creed, which the Church of Rome has always inviolably prcferved,
is tlie Standard of our Belief. Credatur ((ays he) Sj»wolo (tApo-
jlolorum quod Ecclefia Romana intcmeratum femper cufodit ^ Jer-
<vat. And Vigilius Tapfenfs, in his 4th Book againft Eutichiusy
wrote in the jdi Centuij, Jays, That Rome delivered the Apoftoli-
cal Creed to the Faitluul, before and after the Church of Nice^
always in the (ame Manner. Roma ( (ays he) ^ antequam Nicena
Synodus con'venerat^ a temporibus ^poflolorum ujque ad nunc itd
fidelibus Symbolum tradidit

Amongll the Spaniards in die 7th Century, wc find the Apofllc?
Creed delivered in a difl'erent Manner from that of the IVeflem
Creed, in Etherius, Bifhop of Vxam\ Book againft Elipandus,
Arch-Bifhop of Toledo, who lias it thus :

" 1 believe in God the Father Almighty, ind inJefusChrift hi?
" only Son our God, and our Lord, who was born of the Holy Ghoft
" and the Virgin cy^ary, fuffercd, under Pontius Pilate, crucified
" and buried ; defcended into Hell, on the third Day he arofe alive
*' from the dead, afcended into Heaven, and fits at the right Hand
" of God the Father Almighty ; from whence he is to come to
" )iidge the (^^uick and the Dead. I believe in the Holy Ghoft, the
"■ Holy Catholick Church, the Rcmiflion of all our Sins, the Ke-'
*' (urrcdion of the Flefh, and Life eternal, ^men.

Behold (fays liej the Apoftolick Faith in which wc are baptized,
which we believe and profefs. Eccc fidem u4poJlolicam in qua
Laptiz^ati jumuSy quam credimus £5* tenewus. But both this and the
ancient Roman Creed differ from the Creed now received as the
Apoftlcs Creed in the Church of Rome. Then as to the Bafiern
Ctiurdics this is a greater Variety of different Creeds, the mofl:

O ancient

^ qie Life of Mr. P^T^iCK CQCKBUBN, (Sfc. Vol. III.

r>^^-^ anciciu oi whicli is that oi jeruJnUm^ compared by Riiffmis, with
C)iv»w the Wejiern and yfcjuileian as above : Another is (et down by St*
Cyri// in liis Catechifnis ; tliiis,

«' I believe in one God, the Father Almighty, the Maker of
« Heaven and Earth, and of all Things vifible and invidble ; and in
" one Lord Jefus Chrirt, the only begotten Son of Cod, begotten
" of the Father before all Ages ; the true God, by whom all Things
*' were made, who was incarnate and made Man, crucified and
" buried ; he arofethe third Day from the dead, and adcndcd into
" Fieaven, and fits at the right Hand of the Father, and is to come
" in Glory to judge the Qiiick and the Dead ; of whole Reign there
*' is no F.nd : And in one Holy Ghoft the Paraclet, who (pake by
" the Prophets, and in one Baptifin of Repentance for the Remii-
•' fion of Sins ; and in one Holy Catholiclc Church ; and in the
" Refurredlion of the Flcfh ; and in Lite eternal.

St. Jerom in his Book of Eccleliaftical Writers, alFures us, That
St. Cyril compos'd his Catechifms which he taught to the Catechu-
mens in his Youth, "70 Years ?fter the Rife of the ManichAan He-
refie, To that this Creed was what was received and taught at Jem-
Jalem about the Year of our Lord 3 50. The Council of Nice
having met in the Month of ful)\ in the Year 315, ^rius o. Prcf-
byter m the Church of y^lexandria, prefented the Fathers of that
Council with the following Creed of the Church of jiUxciri'
dria {a).

" We believe one God the Father Almiginy, and in our Lord
" Jefus Chrift his Son, begotten of him before all Ages, the God-
" Word by whom all Things both in Heaven and Earth were made,
" who came and was incarnate, and FufFered and rofe again, and
" afcended into Heaven, and is to come again to judge the Qiiick:
" and the Dead : And in the Holy Ghoft : And in the Refurrertion
*' of the Flefh : And in the Kingdom of Heaven : And m the Ca-
" tholick Church of God, which h from the one End of the Earth
« to the other.

EHJebim Bifhop of Cefarea {b) prefented die Fathers of the fame
Council with the following Creed of the Church oiPalejliri, telling
them. That it was what they had received from the Bifhops that
preceeded them, and what they were taught at their Initiation in
the Chriftian Religion, what they received at their Baptifm, what
they learned from the facred Scriptures, and what both Bifliops and
Presbyters taught to their People : Which is as follows,

" We believe in one God the Fadier Almighty, the Maker of all
" Things vifible and invifible, and in one Lord Jefus Chrift the
« Word of God, God of God, Light of Light, Life of Life, the
*' only begotten Son of God, the Firit-born of all Creatures, begot-
** ten of the Father before all Ages, and by whom all Things were
" made ; who for our Salvation was incarnate, and conver/ed
^' amongft Men, and futfered and rofe again upon the third Day,

" and

U) Vtd. Sact, HiA. Lib. i. Sszoni< Lib. t. (i) £uf«b. £fiA. ad CzOi. iatct Opera, Tor/i. %, Pa;, 48. HJit. Comeli.

Vol. III. rheLifeofMr.VkTKlCY. COCKBURN, ^l ^

" and afcended to the Fatlier, and is to come again in Glory to^>yC^'
« judge the Quick and the Dead : And we believe in one HoivC^V^
" Ciholt. ■

This Creed, or ConfefTion of Faith was unanimoufly received bv
the Emperor Confiantin {a% and the Fathers of the Council of mJ
but for a clearer Refutation of the ^rrian Herefie, which was then
ipruiig up, they propofed it to the Churches, with thefe Interoo-
lations. "

" We believe in one God, the Father Almighty, the Maker of
'' all Things vi/Ible and invifible, and in one Lord Jefus Clirift the
« Son of God, begotten of his Father ; the only Son that is of the
" fame Subftance with the Father; God of God ; Light of Light-
« very God of very God j begotten, not made j confubftantial witlJ
« the Father, by whom all Things were made that are in the Fiea-
" vens, and that are in the Earth ; \vho for us Men, and for our
"Salvation, defcended, was-incarnate and made Man, fufFered ard
« rofe again upon the third Day, afcended into Heaven, to come
" again to judge the Quick and the Dead : And in the Holv
*' Ghofl:. •*

The Fathers of this Council proceeded no further at this Time
than this Confeflion of the Trinity, becaufe Eufcims had gone no
further in his Creed or Confeilion of Faith, and that the t^rrian
Herefie which was then in Agitation, required no more at that Time
afterwards we find a much larger Confeflion of their Faith in Epi*.
■phanms {b)^ as follows, ^

" We believe in God the Father Almighty, Maker of Heaven and
" Earth, and of all Things vifible and invifible, and in one Lord
" Jefus Chrifl, the only begotten Son of God ; begotten of his Fa-
tlier before all Worlds, confubflantial wirh the Father ; very God
♦'of very God; Light of Light; begotten, not made; of one Sub-
" ftancc with the Fatlier ; by whom all Things \vtr& made tiiat arc
" in the Heavens and in the Earth ; who for us Men, and for our
" Salvation came down from Heaven, and was incarnate by the
« Holy Giiofl of the Virgin Mary ; and was made Man, and was
■" crucified alfo for us under Pontius Pibfe ; he fiiffered and was
" buried, and the third Day he arofe again, accordin^^ to the Scrip,
" tures, and afcended into Heaven, and fitteth on tlie right Hand
" of the Father ; and he fhall come again with Glory, to judcre both
*' die Quick and the Dead ; whofe Kingdom fliall have no End •
" And in the Holy Giioft, the Lord and Giver of Life who pro-
« cecdeth from the Father ; who, with die Father and the Son to^
" gcthcr, is worfhipped and glorified ; who fpake by the Prophets,
"aiidinoneHolyCatholick and Apoflolick Church : Weacknow-
" ledge one Baptifm for the RemifTion of Sins : We expecfl the
" Rcfurrcaion of tlie dead, and the Life of the World to come.
" y/ww". Tiiis Faith, faith Epiphanius, was delivered by die holy
Apolllcsiii tiic Church, and in the Holy City embraced by all the
^ . -^ ^ ^ Bifhops.

^6 The Lfje of Mr. ['^T KICK COCK RVRU, (^c. Vol. III.

/^•^^^-^ Bifhops, bcin" above 510 in Number; aiul the fame Ef>i[^htinius
v^w tells us, that the Book in which he infeics this Creed was compose]
ill the Year ^74.

Thcfe aie all the ancient Creeds or ConfefTioris of Faitli nvide
ufe of in the firll four Centuries, for the ylthaniifian Creed was not
known till the 6th Century, and was probably, as the learned Fa-
ther Gluefiid has Oiown, the Work of Vi^tlius Tapfcn/is : The
followm" Aii,es of the Church have imitated the Council ot\Nice,
by addiiv' always new Articles againft the Heretics that arofe in
cac!i Af;e ; but our Author makes that of the Apoftlcs as vulgarly
receivecl the Standard of our Faith, and has left us a very learned
Commentary upon each Article.

Ah'. Cockburn having attained to a great Age, died at Hadd'tng-
.n"'ch"»- mm in the Beginning of the Year 1559. Dempfler fays, That he
*'"' was fo well (een in tlie Latin, Greek and Hebrew Languages, that
there were but (cvj eitiier in France of in Europe that could equal
him ; he taught with great Fame and Applaufe, as we have faid,
the Oriental Languages in the Univerfity of Paris ; and by the
VVritin2;s he has left behind him, it appears that he was not only
well skilled in them, but likewife in tiie Writings of the Fatliers
and Schoolmen : And as he was by far the learnedfl among the
Scots Reformers, fo he was the moderated, being a great Enemy
to the violent and rebellious Methods that his Brediren were en-
"af!ed in.

D D

The Catalogue of his Works.

I r^Ratio deVtilitate ^ Excellentia writ Vet, Par. 1557 in

yj 8vo.

II. T)e vulgar ifacrd Scripture Phra/t, Par. 1551. in 8vo.

III. In orationem Vomtnicam pia Meditatio, S. Andrew 1 555, in

I imo.

IV. In Sywholum jipofolicum Comment. Lend. Ij'dl, in 410.

V. Ve Jtifttficatione.

VI. CatechiJ'mus.

VII. De peccato in Spirttum SanCium.

VIII. EpljioU.

IX. Orationes.

THE

Vol. Ill ^

THE

LIFE of QUINTIN KENNEDY

Abbot of Crofs-Raguel.

An. 1554.

H I S learned Gentleman was defccnded from the «>' Birth,
the noble and ancient Family of the Kennedies \r\l"ihi^a-
Ctirrkk ; his Father was Gilbert Kennedy Earl of""
Cajjils, and his Mother Lady Ifdella Campbell,

Daughter oi Archibald I.2ix\ of ^rg\le {a). He

was born in the Reign of Kin^ James V. and had his Education at
the Univerfity of Glajgozo ; where, after he had finifhed his Studies h*
in the Belles-Let tres and Philofophy, he was fent by his Parents to |'"„f""'"'''^
the Univerfity o( Paris, where he ftudied Theology, and the Civil EncVrmo
and Canon Law. And having entred into Holy Orders, he return'd to'""'"'"''
his native Country, and was made Prior of Whithorn, and Abbot and ^'"d" AbV,?
Commendator of Crofs-Raguel in Galloway. iLn'^''^'

Tlie Reformation happening about this Time, our Author being
one of the Icarnedeft Perfons amongft the Romijh Clergy in Scot-
land ; he undertook the Defence of their Caufe againft the Refor-
mers; and publifhed in the Year 1558, a Book concerning the
Judge of Controverfies, without the Name of the Printer, or the
Place where it was printed : About the Year i ^61 Spotfwood fays (^),
That he publifhed a Cathechifm, which was anfwered by John Knox;
he had likewife feveral Conferences with Mr. Wi/heart, Mr. David-
Jon, Mr. Willox and Mr. Knox . And George Con in his Twofold
State of Religion amongft the Scots, fays (c), That our Author for
tiiree Days niaintain'd a publick Difpute in Defence of the Catho-
lick Religion, for which he was imprifon'd in the Year 1 561 j and DnftnedV^
he had not efcaped with his Life, had it not been for his Family ****'*"'•
and Qiiality : And this Spotfwood acknowledges in thefe Words,
Tlje oAuthor ffays hej fpeaking of our Abbot, m regard of his Jge
and §i^altty of Birth {for he ivas of the Houje o/Callils) was thouglit
ft tobe overjecn.

Of all our Author's Writings, I have only feen his Book of the
Judge of Controverfies in i\to, in the Black Saxon Letter, the Title
of which runs thus, ^ne compendius Tra6liw conform to the Scrip- ^(^^^Zt
tttris of ^Imychtie God, Rejjoun and Authority, declaring the nerreft
and only Way, to eftabliche the Confcience of ane Chripiane <^Man,
in all Matters (qubilks ar in Debate) concerning Faith and Religion,
Jett furth be Maifler Qiiintin Kennedy, Commendator of the yihhay
of Crofragucl, and dedicat to his deerefl and befl beluifft Nepuo,
Gilbert Mefer o/Cartillis. In the Zeir of Cod^ Ane thoujandf^e
fjoundreth fifty aught Zeris.

P His

■"

{/,) WiS. GtiHiiui) «( <U HoMttj of Uo\\ai, pta«i mi. (0 VM, iA. 4. P>(. il)- (0 Lib. ». U^. \y(.

58 T/;f L//f 0/Q.UINTIN KHNNI'DY, Vol. III.

'^i;^^ His other Works, accord in}; to />w/>/?fr (rt), arc, /I/iook upon
>^^ the Sacrifice of the Q^MaJs, ^ Book a^ainjl the [.iitlicrians, fourteen
Heads of a Controverfie agninfl George VViihcair : All thefc Hooks
((ays lie) are priiited : But there are flill extant in MS. his ////-
Jiier to John DavidfonV Book, a ]5ook upon ylbflinertce, a Hook
upon the Marriage of the Clergy, a Book concerning the Vfe of
Images, A Challenge given to VVillox utton the I'yth of March i 5<>i,
An Exvoll Illation concerning the Fraud and In/piety o/" John Knox,
An Oration upon the Obedience that is due to fnperior Powers,
Ipoke upon die lart Day of Augtifi, i 561, and a J5ook upon the
Beal Prefence of Chrifl in the Eucharifl. His Book upon the Judge
of Controverfies comams 18 Chapters, wherein he treats of all tlic
Controveriles betwixt the Church oF Rome and the Reformed
Churches; but his main Drift is to (how the many Inconvenicncies
that would arife from making the Scripture the Judge of Controver-
fies, or our own private Judgment and Opinion ; and therefore he
ftrenuouHy Labours to have the Decilion ot the Church the folc
Jud"e of all Controverfies in Religion, according to the cxprefs
Precept of the Gofpel, He that will not give ear unto the Church,
let him be Anathema Maranatha. And this Infallibility of the
Church he eftablifhcs in the Decifion of the General Councils, and
then proceeds to acquaint his Reader what thefe General Councils
are, and upon what Occafions they were called ; but for fear of
increadni; t\\Q Bulk of his Book too much, he proceeds no furdier
than the firfl: four General Councils, and then proceeds to common
Topicks ufed in tiie Controverfies betwixt the Papifts and Protertants ;
but we fhall only trouble the Reader with the Lift of the General
Councils after our Author's Method.

The I ft, was diat of the Apoftles mentioned in the 1 5th Chapter

th*G;«»[of the^^/j, in the Year of our Lord 51, againft thofe who com-

^oTwh'r'mitted Fornication, did eat Blood, Things 'ftrangled, and Things

^iTcmH offered to Idols. But our Author makes not this die firft Council,

but diat of Ntce.

The id, was the firft Council of Nice, a City in Bithynia, called
by die Emperor Ci9«/?rt«//>z, towards the Month of fuly, 315, con-
fifting of about 300 or 518 Biftiops, againft Arrius a Presbyter of
Alexandria in Egypt, who affirmed, That the Word or the Son of
God was created out of nothing, that he is not equal, and of the
fame Nature with his Father ; tnat diere was a Time in which the
Son of God was not, and that the Father could not then be called
his Father. Our Author forbears to make mention of this Herefie
of Arrius, becaufe (fays he) the Age we live in, is too apt to receive
and embrace new and dangerous Opinions.

The 3d, is the Council of Confiantinople, held in the Years 381,

^8i and 385, againft. the Ennomians, Anomians, Arrians, Eudo-

xians, Semiarians, Marcellians, Photinians, Apollinaris, and others

that denied the Holy Ghoft, whom they called the Lord enlivening

^ that

(4) Lik 10, Pag, 419.

59

Vol. III. Abbot of Crofs-Ragutl.

tliar proceeds from the Father, and who ought to be adored and'^-^^^^

glorified with the Father^ and the Son, who fpoke by the Pro-v^v^J'

phets.

Tlic 4iii, is the Council of Bphefi^s^ called by the Emperor

ThcoriofiHs the younger, in the Year 431, againft Neforius Bifhop

oF Confl.intinopley who affirmed, That the Title, Mother of God,

could not properly be given to the Virgin Mary.

The 5tli, is the Council of Chalcedon, called ih the Year 45"!,

againft Entjchius a Prieft in Conflamimple, who affirmed, That

there was but one Nature in Jefus Chrift.

The 6ih, is the fecond General Council of Conflantimple^ called
by the Emperor Juftinian, upon May jd, '^'y^^, againft the Tljrit
Chapters ; of which we have given an Account in 'the firft Volume
of this Work, 1 1 the Life of St. Columbanus.

Tile 7th, is the third General Council of Conflantimple, called
by the Emperor Conftantin Pogonatm in the Year 680, againft the
Monothelites, who affirmed. That there was but one Operation, or
but one Will in Jefus Chrift, proceeding from the Word. The
5di and 6th General Councils by the common Computation from
the firft Council of Nice, having made no Canons for the T)ifci-
pline of the Church, the Emperor fujlmian the fecond called a
Council in the Year (^92, for renewing the ancient Canons con-
cerning the Difcipline of the Church, and by the Addition of fome
new ones, to make a Body of Canon Law of the Ecclefiafticks of
the Eaftern Churches. This Council met at Confantimple, in the
Tower of the Emperor's Palace, called Trulle, from wlience it is
called the Council of Trulle. Tiiere were prefent the Four Patri-
arciis of the Eaft, and an hundred and eight other Bifhops, upon
which it's acknowledged as a Council by the Eaftefn, but not by
theWeftern Churches ^ and becaufe it was called fora Suppleinenc
to tile fiftli and flxth General Councils, and therefore is named,
The Council o( ^Ijtini-fexte.

The 8tii, is the (ccond General Council of Nice, called in the
Year 786 by the Emprefs Irene, againft the Icomclajls, or thofe who
deny'd the worfhipping of Images.

Tlic 9th, is the fourth General Council of Conftamimple, called
by the Emperor Bflfil, in the 7th Year of his Empire, and the id
of Conjlantiris, in the Year of our Lord 869, in Favours of the
Patriarcii St. Ignatius, againft Photius, who had ufurped the Patri-
archal Tlirone.

The lOth, is the fifth General Council o( Confiantinople for ra-
ftering of photius, called by the fame Emperor Ba/il, in thi Year
879, coniifting of 385 Bifhops.

The 1 1 th, IS the firft General Council of Lateran, approving of
tile The Treaty of InveftitureS betwixt Pope Calixtus and the Emperor
Henry V. of wliich we have given an Account in the firft Volume of
this Work, in the Life of David Scot, Hiftoriographer to the faid
liiupcfoii it fat down in the Month oi March, iiij.

P 1 The

do r/^f L»/f 0/Q.UINTIN KENNEDY, Vol. IH.

T^"^^ The llth, is the fecond General Council oi Later an, called un-
^''V^ der Pope Innocent U. in tlie Month of a^^r;7, I159, confiftin^'^ of
about lOOO Bifhops, againfl fcvcral Abufes tliat had crept into the
Church, and declaring null and void all the Ordinations made by
his Predeceffor Peter de Leon^ and all other Hereticks and Schi(-
niaticks.

The i^di, is the General Council of Lateran, under Pope
u4lexander 111. for reforming feveral Abufes, maintaining the Im-
munities of the Church, and againft: the j4lbigenjes, who maintained
feveral of the Doiftrines, for which the Church of Rome now con-
demns the Proteftants ; it begun upon die id Day of March, 1 1-79,
and confided of about 300 Bifhops.

The 14th, is tlie fourth General Council of Lateran, which met
in the Month of November, ili5> under Pope Innocent III. for
conquering of the Holy Land, and reforming feveral Abufes in the
Church } it confided of Hi Bilhops in Perfon, near 800 miter'd
Abbots and Priors, and a great many Deputes.

The 1 5th, is the firft General Council of Lions, held under
Innocent IV. in the Year I245> '^ which the Emperor Frederick
was depos'd, and Orders given for afTifting the Empire of Conjtan^
tinople againll the Grecians, and the Empire of Germany againfl
the Tartars, and the Recovery of the Holy Land from the Sa-
racens.

The 1 6th, is the fecond General Council oi Lions, under Pope
Gregory X. which fat down upon the 7th Day of May, 1274, for
reuniting the Eaftern and Weflcrn Churciies, for reforming the Dis-
cipline of the Church, and the recovering of the Holy Land ; ic
confiiled of tiie Pope, the Patriarchs of Conjlantinople and y^ntioch,
5C)0 Bifhops, 70 mitred Abbots, and lOOO other inferior Prelates,
befidcs the Ambaifadours of the Emperor PaUologus, thefe of the
Emperor of Germany, the Kings of France and Stcily.

The 17th, is the Council of Vieniu in 'Dattphiny, called by
Pope Clement V. in the Month of Odoher, 13 1 1, againfl die Order
of the Templars ; of which we have given an Account in the firfl
Volume of this Work, in the Life of Simon White ; it confifled of
near 300 Arch-Bifhops and Bifhops.

The 1 8th, is the Council of Conftancc, called by the Emperor
Sigijmund, for taking away the Schifm. and the Popedom ; it fac
down upon the ifl of November j 1 41 4, in which Pope Gregory XII.
willingly demitted.

The 19th, is the Council of Florence, for reuniting the Grecian
and Latin Churches under Pope Eugenim IV. it fat down upon
the lid of February, 1439.

The 10th, was the 5th General Council of Lateran, begun under
Pope fultus II. in the Year 1511, againfl the Proceedings of a
Council at Pija, called by Lewis King of Irance in the Year 1 51 1.

The lift, is the Council oi Trent, called againft Luther and
Calvin, and the other Reformers ; of which we have given an

Account

Vol. III. 'tAl^bot of Cro(s-Ragiicl. 6i

Account in part in the fecond Volume of this Work, in the Life otX^j;^)^
Aich-Bi(hop iVciHchop, and (Kail (inifh the remaining Part of the'-'''^''^
Hiilorv in this Volume, in the Life of y^dam Newton ; it fat down
upon the i yh of DecemUr 1545, was transferred to Bologna the
li([ of ^pril 1 547, and after an Interruption recommenc d upon
the ifl: oi September i^^i at 'Trent., it was again fufpendcd upon
the 1 8th of y^pril i 552, and recommenc'd for the third Time upon
the i8tli of Ji7HH(try 15(52, was continued and finiOi'd upon the 3d
Day of December 1 5(5?. And thefe are ail the Councils that out
Author would have all Chriftians fubmit to in the ControvcrfieS
amongft them, as being the only Judge of Controverfies, as lepje-
fenting the Church of Chrift, to whofe Decifion we ought to fub-
mit by the Command of Chrift himfelf; but the Council of Trent
to this very Day is not own'd by the CaUican Church, and it was „,,p,,j^
only concluded a Year before our Author's Death, which happert'd
upon the 2 2d Day of ^HgHJl'i'j6\.

It cannot be dcny'd but that as this Author was one of the nobleft jj>^«J^ ch.n-
and Icarnedcft Men of his Party, fo he was a moft violent Oppofer
of the Principles and Practices of the Reformers, for which he is
liighly commended by the Writers of the Romip) Church at that
Time. For Dcmpfler fays {a), That as he was a great Promoter of
Learning, fo with a great and noble Mind he refifted the Growth
of Herefie in Scotland by his Difputes and Writings, omitting no-
thing that might advance the Catholick Faith. His Words are,
QiiintinusKcnncdiusCow/WjCadilincc Frater, Cruets Regalis yibbas,
ingens literatorum fiinlor ma^no (^ nobiii anir/w, H&reft in Scotia
nafccnti fiwnliaribiis colloqtiits (^ fcriptis re/lit it, nihil omit tens quo
Catholicam fidem flrenue propugnaret. And Bifhop Lepe fays (b).
That the Reformers finding him to be a Man that was as conspi-
cuous for his Virtue and Learning, as for his Nobility and Birth,
and that by no Means they coulcl check or alter his Faith; thev
provoked him to a Difpute, which he had for three Days with
Mr. Knox in the Weft, by which he confirmed feverals in their
Faith ; and even the Reformers themlelves were fo angry with Mr.
Knoxs Performance, that he was obliged in his own Vindication to
publifh the Difpute full of Lies and Calumnies, to take off the
Taih of his Ignorance that he had fhown in that Conference. And
then he tells us, That this worthy Man, whofe Virtues will be re-
corded in all Ages, befides many other Things, publifhed two Books
full of Learning from the Writings of the Fathers, Councils and
facrcd Scriptures, the one concerning the Authority of Councils,
tile other concerning the Sacrifice of the Mafs. The firft againft
John Davidfon, and the other againft George Hay, both of them
Miinfters. Bifhop Lejlte's Words are,

Vnde (fays he, (peaking of the Difputes betwixt the Papiftsand
the Reformers) Qiiintinum Kennedium Comitis CMVAiiVx fratrent
virum non folum nobilitate Jed doilrina virtuteque perinjignem, cum
mllo modo a fidei integritate abduct poJJ'it, in paUflram Jolemqui

O vocant,

An. 1 504.

61 The Life o/'ClUINTIN KENNEDY, Vol. Ilf.

njociint, fed triurn dierHm frecjuenti dtfputatione quar/j cum Knoxio
pullice in occidente habait, ejjeciiim eft, tit pit janiiipine njiri conftr-
mcirentiir., ac ipfi jeliarii Knowo incenji reddcrentur, quod provin-
ciam qiicim [HJceperat Calvijiiliiii defendendi, melius mn exorrinjjet.
Qptare Knoxius, ut quam contraxerat dtfputdfido i^mrartttA waciiLtm
kribendo dilneret, difpittationem illam Jttis comment is, fj/{{(is, mcn-
daciis intcrfperfam typis excudendam curat. Kcnncdiiis hic, -vir
plane di(fnus, chjus -virtutes omnium Atatum commendatione celehrcn-
tur duos (prmter alia opujcula) edidit libros, exqufttijjima dodiorum
Concilioruw, Scripturarum docirina refertos ; unnm de Conciliortim
fludoritate, alterum de publico Ecclefi& Sacriftcio, e quibns ilium
Toannes Davidfoiuis, hunc Gcorgius'"Haius fechrii mir/i/fn it a re-
futarunt, ut Catholica Veritas inde ?nagis dilucefcat lis quorum
mentes Harefeos maliti&que tenebris plane nonjuerint ob'volutx.

0\\ the other Hand, the Reformers liad reprefentcd our Author
as a Pcrfon but very meanly (cqw in all the Parts ot Literature,
and cfpecially in Controverlies of Religion ; and liad it not been
for his liirch and Qiiality (as we learn from Arch-Bilhop Spotfnood)
he had certainly undergone the fame Fate with the retl of the
PopiOi Clergy at that Time. Neither did they ceafe to calumniate
his Memory after liis Death, an Inftancc of which we have amongft
Arch-Bilhop v^<^4tw/o//'s Poem s,who compos'd the following Epitaph
upon our Author.

EPITAPHIUM ABBATIS CROSS-RAGVEL

1564.

Va mihi quod Papa dederam nomenque fdemque
Va mihi quod Chrifti ftrenuus hoflis eram :

Va 'uobis PapiJtA omnes, nifi tempore -vitA

Vos Chriftum amplext Pontificem fugitis.

The Catalogue of his Works,

I. A Ne compendius Trafti'ue conform to the Scripturis of qAI-
XX, mychtie God, Rejjoun and Authority, declaring the nerreft
and only Way, to eftabliche the Conjcience of am Chrijiiarie
e^an, in all Matters (quhilks ar in Debate) concerning Faith
and Religion, fett furth be Maifter Qiiintin Kennedy, Commen-
dator of the Abbay of Crofraguel, and dedicat to his deerejl
and beft beluijft Nepuo, Gilbert Mefter of Canillis. Jn the
Zeir of God, Ane thoujand fyve houndreth fifty aught Zeris
"Without the Name of the Printer or Place.

II. J)e Publico EcclefiA Sacrificio.

III. Contra errores Geririanorum in Fidei capita quatmrdecem defer?fa

contra Georgium Sopliocardium.

IV. Refponfio ad Joannis Davidfoni opus.

V. De

Vol. III. u4bhot of Crofs-Raguel. ' ^

V. De njetitorum ahfiimmia. r>y\^\

VI. 7> iliuito Prcsbytcrorum matrimonio. vjr\iw
\\l. De ctiltu injciginum.

VIII- Palinodia Wjllcxio reddita, xxix Maitii, MDLXIL

IX. Qji^rimonia fupcr Knoxh fraude ^ impietate.

X. Oratio fro oledientia Stiprernis potcflatibus habita die ultima

Augurti, MDLXII.

XI. De prifentia corporis in Sacramento altar is.

I am ape to believe, that in this Catalogue, Dempjler, from
Bifliop Lejlies Words, has made five Books out of two.

THE

LIFE of TATRICJ^ RUTHVEN,
Lord Rtithven.

H I S Nobleman was Son to Wiliiam Lord Ruth- „;, ^.,^y^
njen, and Janet Haliburton, one of the tliree""* *""«":
Daughters and Cohcirefles o( Patrick Haliburton'^''
Lor5 Dirlton : His Father was one of the Lords

of the Congregation, for fo were the Nobility

who cipous'd the Caufe of the Reformation then called : He was
likcwife Lord Privy Seal, and a Perfon of great Note amongfl: tliem.
Our Author was born in the Year 1 510, in the Reign of King
James V. He had his Education at the Univerfity of St. ^ndreivs ; hc rdu.-
whcrc, after he had finiOied the Courfeof his Studies in t\\c Bel/es-Ti^"t\t"
Lettres and Philofophy, he was fent over to France by his Parents;
and iiaving ftaycd there for fome Years, upon his return to his
native Country, he was married to Ladv Jean Douglas^ Dauglitcr
to Archibald Earl of (lAngus^ with whom he had two Sons and
two Daughters ; the eldeft Daughter JJobel was married to James
Cohil 01 Bafler-Wecms, and the other, Jean, was firfl; married to
Henry Stewart Lord Methven, and afterward to Andrew Earl of
Rothes. He liad likewife eight Sifters, wlio were all of them honou-
rably married, JCatharin to Colin Campbell of Glenurchie ; Barbara, tni'^t'iZi
to Patrick Lord Gray; Cecilia, to Sir John Weems ofWeenis ; Janet^^'^'""^
to John Crichton of Strathurd ; Lilias^ to David Lord Drummond',
M'trgaret, to Sir James Johnjion of Elphinjfoun ; Eliz,abeth, to
Wood of Bonnington ; and Chrtjlian married to Mr. WtUian Lurtdin
ot Lundin. Supported by thcfe noble powerful Families, he was
very n^uch rcfpeded by all Ranks and Degrees of People : And
naturally afTedfing Popularity, he loin'd the Populace againft his
Koyal Miftris Qijccn Mary, and became one of tlic moft acflive ut tam
Peifons in the Nation againft her : An eminent Inftance of which he q],V,'„|'"*^

Q, 1 gave

^7"" crhe Ltfe o/" PATRICK, Lord KmUv en. Vol. 111.

rx,A.>o .rave i'l t'l^ contriving of David Rizjid'i Murder, as wc have it
wiv*<> under his own Hand, in a Narrative oF that Affair, of which 1 re-
ceived the aiithcntick Manuscript at London in 171 1, ^roni the
Bifhop of Sarum inllead of a defamatory Libel, which he ilcfi<;n'd
to liave i;ivcn me againft die Memory of that iliurtrious J'rincefs:
The Subdance of which is as follows.
thrHXV Tlie rebellious Nobility who oppos'd Qiicen Marys Meafures,
Mu.air' and who liad been all aloiig (Upported by Qiicen Eliz^abeth in their
An Account wicked and treafonable Pradices, about the Bc^mning of the Year
ofti.isH.no- J ^^^^ jj.g^y ^,p .^p Addrefs to Queen Eliz^aheth for her AfTiftance ;
upon which fhe called a Cabin-Council, to confult wiiar Method
was molt proper to be taken for fatisfying of them : Some were for
ullillin" them with Men and Money (rt), but that Procefs was re-
jected, becaufe it might involve the Two Nations in a War ; feveral
other Expedients were propos'd, wliich were likewife reiedted :
At lent^th Secretary Cecil, and Sir Thomas Randulph propos'd, That
the Apple of Difcord fhould be thrown betwixt the Qiieen and her
Husband, the Lord Z)<7r«/y, by fomenting Jealoufles and Sufpicions
betwixt them ; by which Means either the one or the other, if not
both, fhould become a Prey to them : And the Earl of Morton,
who was a faithful Friend, was pitched upon as the Man to wliom
they fhould commit the whole Management of that Affair. This
helliOi Proje(5l (ucceeded to Admiration ; for hitherto there had
been nothing but an intire Love betwixt tlie Qiieen and her Huf-
band. But Alorton no fooner got his Inflru(ff ions, but thefe Halc) on
Days of Peace and Love betwixt them, were turned into Bitternefs
and Sorrow ; which was brougiit about after this Manner.

There came in Company to the Court of Scotland, with the Am-
baffadourof Savoy , one. David Riz^io, of the Country of Piemont in
Italy, who was a good Mufician, but well advanced in Years, lean,
and extremely deform'd, as thofe who were well acquainted with
him dcfcribc him (b). At this Time the Queen had tiuee Valets
of her Chamber, who funj^ three Parts, but fhe wanted a Bafs to fing
the Fourth ; her Majefty having got notice of this Man, as one fit
to flng a fourth Part in Confort, he was imploy'd in that Station
for fome Time; but in regard of his great Age, fhe remov'd hinj
from that, and made him her Secretary for the French Siud Italian
Languages, in both vvhich he was admirably well skilled : Being a
Fellow of a very briglit Spirit, and a great Favourer of the Hamtl-
tons, he advifed the Queen to recal the Duke of Chattel Herauld,
being then in Banifhment. For this the King became highly incens'd
againft him, there being a mortal Enmity betwixt the Families of
Lennox txnd Hamilton. JWbr/o« perceiving this, told the King, that
it was not to be imagined, how much the Nobility were incenfed
with the Queen's Familiarity with RiZjio, a Stranger, and Fellow of
no Birth, while fhe negledfed her ancient Nobility, and was only
governed by his Council : Whereas his Majefty being by Birth the

firft

(,*) Vid. fiUckwood M<n;r de U K-oyo del* iJceflc, Chip. ). Ptg. 7^ (i) ViJ. Chip. 6.

Vol. III. r/.'f Life 0/ PATRICK, Lord Rurhven. 65

Aa.

firft PriiKe of the BlootI, and nou' Husband to the Queen, he ou'^lu ^
to have the fole Government in his Hands. Morton finding that Aou
the King was pleafcd with this Propofal, being naturally proud and
ambitious, he proceeded further, and told him, That it was acainft:
the Laws ot God and Man, that Women fhould have the Govern-
ment, and tar lefs that a Wife (liould have Power of governine over
an Husband, whom, by the Law of God, fhe is bound to obey :
Therefore lie advifed him to claim the Matrimonial Crown, as the
Queen's Husband, and to alfume the Government in his own Per-
fon. On the other Hand, he told the Qiieen, That he fufpedted
her Husband the King had fuch a Defign, and that he beinw but
young, rafh and inconfiderate, if (he fhould ^rant him the Matri-
monial Crown as her Husband, that he would certainly take upon
himfblf the fole Government, and enflave the Nation, and her,
who was the only true, lawful and undoubted Sovereign, to the
Court of England, he being born amongfl: them, and a meer Ser-
vant of theirs. Not long atter this, the King demanded the Ma-
trimonial Crown, wliich the Queen abfolutely refufed to give him ;
upon wiiich he immediately fufpecfted that Riz^to had advifed her
to it, and goes immediately to Morton, to whom he communicate
liis Conjecffure. Morton improving this, confirms him in his Su-
fpicion, and the more to incenfe him againfl: i?/^/o, he plainly told
him, that altho' Rizjio was but an ugly mean Fellow, yet Women
are (ometimes very unaccountable in their Amours, and it was loudly
rumour'd abroad, that Rizjio and the Queen were too familiar.
This, fays CaHffin (a), made the overheaded Youth become in z
manner furious, racked with the two Fiends of Jealoufie and Am-
bition, die one repiefenting to his diflurbed Imagination, that he
palTed for a King in Fancv only, and that he had but an imaginary
Throne: And the other, that a Slave was a Partner of his Bed, which
made thefe Heats of Love, which the excellent Beauties of the
Qieen had raifed in his Breaft, to burft: forth in a Flame, whicK
had many difmal EfFe<5ts. And the firft of thefe was the Death' of
his imaginary Rival, the old deform'd and decrepit Rizjio, a SuC-
picion which was fo ridiculous,' that Cambden in his Animadverfions
upon Thuans Hiftory, who has copied all that he has of Queen
Mary from Buchannan, mentions this, and other Particulars which
he lias concerning Riz^ios Murder, as fo many Inflances of his in-
veterate Malice againft his Sovereign, which he has evidently de-
nionftratcd to be talfe ; But the beft Account we can have of this,
is from our Author, who tells us. That the King being firmly refoU
vcd to be revenged upon Rizjio, upon the lOth Day o( February
lie Tent to him his Coufin George Douglas, Son to Archibald 'E^x\
of y/wf «/, to acquaint him) that Z)rt'V/3i?/^./o had otfcnded him in
fevcrai Things, and lately in diflwading the Queen from givingiiim
the Matrimonial Crown, which fhe had often promifcd him, and
for which he was rcfolved to be avenged ; and therefore earneftly

R /ntreared

(/•) \it, C*uUta-( ur« of (ja«(B Mwf.

J5 q-he Life 0/ PATRICK, Aor^ Ruthvcn. vXTfl

rx-A-^ iiureated his Advice, as the Man he put the moft TruO in, in th«
••V^ Nation. My Lord tells us then, that he was in tlic 4^th Year uf
his Age, and laboiirinr^ under a Confiimption of the Nccrs, anti an
Inflammation of the Liver, as he was told by his Phy/icians, and fo
weak, that he could hardly walk through his Chamber ; upon the
nth ot Felfritary, his Lordfhip having called Mr. Doughs to him,
told him, Tlfiat he ivoithl gi've the King no u^dvice, kcatije he knew
bis yotithfiil Temper zvas JHch, that he loas capable of rccci'vin^ no
Ad'vice in fnch an important <iAffair : for federals of the Not/ility
halving formerly gi'ven him Advices^ tending to his Honour and In-
terefl, yet the prfl Thing that he didy was to re-vcal them to the
Queen^ for zvhich they ivere dtfgrac'd : So that before he gave him
Council or Advice in that aAffair^ he behooved to have jowe Proofs
of his being capable of keeping a Secret.

Mr. Douglafs having reported this Anfwer totheKing, the King
called for a Bible, and fwore upon it, That he fhould never reveal
my Lord RuthvenV yldvice to the ^Ineen. Upon which Mr. Dott-
glas recurn'd, and gave his Lordfhip an Account of what the King
had done, yet for Eight Days Time my Lord Ruthven would give
him no Advice; altho' he had fent Mr. Douglas to him three or
four Times a Day : At length upon the ioth Day of February,
his Lordlhip fent the King Word that he would give him his Ad-
vice, providing that he would give his Confcnt to the recalling of
the Earls of Argile, Glencairn^ Murray, Rothes, Lords, Boyd,
Ochiltrie, Laird of Pitcarro and Grange, with the reft of the
Barons now banifhed for the Word of Cod in Ireland, for tb his
Lordfhip is pleafed to term their Rebellion ; to this the King agreed,
providing likewife that his Lordihip would enfure him tliat they
would ftand by him, and further liim in all hisDefigns and Affairs;
upon this his Lordfhip deflred the King to make wliat Terms and
Articles he pleafed for his Security, and that he fhould caufe it to
be fubfcribed by the fiiid Earls, Lords and Barons; upon which the
KinfT fent his Lordfhip a Scroll of what Articles he would have
fubfcribed by them : And on the other Hand, he fent a Scroll to
the King, of what Articles he would have fubfcribed by the King
for their'Security; and having put in Form, and amended the King's
Articles, they were fubfcribecl by both Parties.

The Lords and Barons by their Articles bind themfelves, iwo,
To be the King's moft faithful Subjecfts, and that they will join with
the faid Prince in all his Affairs, Caufes and Qiiarrels againfl whom-
foever it be, to the outmoft of their Power, and fhall be Friends to
his Friends, and Enemies to his Enemies, and neither fpare their
Livings, Lands, Goods or PoffefTions.

ido, They do confent and bind themfelves, That after
their Return, in the firft, and all other fucceeding Parliaments,
they fhall vote and agree to his having the Matrimonial Crown
during his Life, and to oppofe all thofe that fhould oppofe him in
this.

^tiOf They

Vol. III. rhc Life 0/ PATRICK, Lord Kutlwen. ^-j

pio, They bind and oblige themfelves (failzieing Heirs of the ^^-'^^
Queen's Body) to maintain his juft Title to the Crown o( Scotland,^^r^
with tlieir Lives and Fortunes as he fhould command tiiem.

4^0, That they fliould maintain and fupply him to the outmoft:
of their Power, with Lives and Fortunes, in fupport of their Reli«
gion, as now eftablifhed by Law.

$to, As they own themfelves his faidiful and obedient Subjedls,
fo they bind themfelves to ftand by him with their Lives and
Fortunes in all Things that may be to the Advancement, of his
Honour.

6to, That they themfelves fhall endeavour and folicite their
Friends in England to join with, in procuring from the Queen of
England the Liberation of his Majefty's Mother and Brother, and
rhat they may have Liberty either to ftav in England, or go to
Scotland, with their Servants and Moveables, as thev (hall think
fit.

JfTJO, Tiiat they and their Friends Ihall inrerpofe with theQueert
of England, for giving her Friendfliip and AfTiftance againft all
Foreign Princes that fliould oppofe him and his Dcficns.

On the other Hand, The King bound and obliged himfelf in die
Articles that he fublcribed, Firjl, That he fliall endeavour 10 pro-
cure them a Remifl]on of all Crimes bypaft, of wharfoever Quality
or Condition they were of; and if this cannot be obtained at the
firft, it fhall be done, when by their Afliftance he obtains the Ma-
trimonial Crown, and in the mean Time to flop all Procefs againfl
diem, and upon their Return to receive them as loving Subjecfls,
burying all that is pafl in Oblivion.

idly. That he fhall with all his Power oppofe their being accu-
fed or forfeited in Parliament, and that he will protefl againfl fucii
a Parliament, and aflifl the faids Earls, Lords and Barons, againlt
all their Enemies.

2dly, Tiiat upon their Arrival they fliould be immediately reflo-
rea to dieir Fortunes, and that if any Oppofition fliould be niadeJ
againfl them in die talcing PoflefTion of their Fortunes, he fliall
aflifl them widi all his Power.

^thly, He confent's to their ufing their Religion how eflabliflied
by Law, and upon their Return to give his Confent to the Eflablifli-
ment of the fame, and Concurrence in oppofing all them that offe-
red to difturb diem in the Exercife of the fame.

^thly, Tiiat he will ftand by them as faithful and loyal Subje<5l3 in
all their juft Caufes, Acflions and Quarrels.

Thcfe Preliminaries being agreed to, the next Thing was to
agree to the Method diat tiic King was to take in his ReVenge a-
gainfl Riz^io, and the Qucfliori being put, the King propofed the
murdering of him, but our Author and the Earl ot Morton oppb-
fed diis, and would have iiim try'd legally before a Parliament t6(
his Mifdemeanours, and they doubtccf not but by their Intereft they
would get him to be hinged '. But the King told them'plainly,

R 1 iha(

6S The Life 0/ PATRICK, Lord Kuthvcn. Vol. Iff.

f^^^^*^ that if tliey U'oiild not do it, he would do it himfcl/, if it were in
v^%*v the QjLieen's own Bed-chamber, and it was no great Difficultv to
bring over thefe two noble Lords to his Meufiires, for they adver-
tijed (ill their Friends to be in readinejs upon the Y,th and ijth Days
of March,' to ajjif the King in what he was to command them, ac-
cording to certain Articles agreed to betwixt him and the banijh'd
Lordsf and that then they Jhould have their Religion freely ep.iUi-
fhed according to Chrtfs Book, This was a very odd way oi efla-
blifhing Religion by an open Violation oi one of its nioR facred
Precepts : But the Thing was refolved upon, and George Don(f Us
having acquainted the King ot it, he told him that it was the Opi-
nion of tlie Lords, that he fhould be difpatched either in his own
Chamber in the Morning, or as he was going thro' the Clofe ; but
to none of tliofe would the King give his Confent, becaufe at no
Time it could be better done than at tlie Time of Supper when he
was fitting with her Majefly at Table, and in her Prelence, that (he
might be Witnefs to liis Punifhment for the Affront that he had put
upon him : For it they attempted to do it in his Chamber, it was
hardly pradicablc ; becaufe he fat late at Night with her Majefty
upon Buflnefs, and fometime lay in the Cabinet next to their
Apartment, and ibmetimes in her own Chamber, and fometimes
with an Italian Gentleman called Seignior Francifco, all which Apart-
ments had feveral back Doors and Windows at whicli he migjitmake
his Efcape, which would ruin all : to this they immediately agreed,
becaufe the Queen being then big with Child, it was probable that
it would make her part with it, and endanger her Life whom they
mortally hated : So it was agreed amongrt: them that die Earl of
Morton, the Lord Riithven our Author,and the Lord Lindfaj, fhould
have ready Co many Men in their Houies, wheretliey were to flay till
the King fhould fend them word, that the Earl of Morton fhould come
up to the King's outer Chamber, and a Company with him, that
the Lord i^«//>'ve« our Hcroc in the Tragedy, fhould come through
the King's fecret Chamber by a private PafTage to the Qiieen's,
which fhould be open'd to him by the King, and that the King
fhould be entertaining the Queen whilfl her Majefly was at Supper,
and that the reft of the Barons and Gentles fhould wait in the Clofe
or Area of the Palace, for defending the Gate in Cafe of any Op-
pofition.

The Confpirators confidcring that the King was but a young
Prince, who had for the Partner of his Bed one of the moft beau-
tiful Princeffes in the World, by whofe Terms he might be indu-
ced to deny all that was done, and to lay the whole Blame upon
them; they thought fit to get as great Security of him as they could,
and therefore drew up a Bond in his Name to the Earls, Barons,
Free-holders, Merchants and Crafts-men, declaring, that what was
to be done, was entirely his own Contrivance, and oound and obli-
ged himfelf, his Heirs and Succeftbrs, and their SuccefTors to keep
them free from all Trouble for the taking and executing of D^vid

Rixjio

Vol. III. The Life 0/ PATRICK, Lord Ruthven. 6<)

Riz^io 111 ciie Queen's Prefence, or otlierwifej which Bond isTet^v;^]^
down at length, and fubfcribed with the King's own Hand at £«//»- vv^
burglh die firft Day o't exarch. _

\J^on Saturday^ being 19th Day o( March, all Things were put
in Execution according to the above-mentioned Projedl : And our
Author tells us, That he found the Queen at Supper, with the
Countefs of aArgyU, Danjid Riz.io, and the King with his Hands
about the Queen's Waft ; after fomc Dikourfe with the Queen,
wlierein he laid feveral Things to Riz^ios Charge, efpecially his
adviilng lier to refufe her Husband the Matrimonial Crown, he
demanded that (he would deliver him up to his Mercy, and defrred
die King to take her Majefty in his Arms, and to convoy her to her
outer Chamber. The Queen ftruck with Amazement at the Propo-
fal, immediately rofe up and flood betwixt them ; Riz^io talcing
hold of the Pletts of lier Majefly's Garment, Arthur Erskin the Abboc
of Holy-Rood-Houfe, die Laird of Creeth, Mafter of tiie Houfhold,
her Majefty's Apothecary, and one of the Grooms of the Bed-cham-
ber, went to feize the Lord Ruthven our Author ; upon which his
Lordfliipdrewliis Dagger, and his Attendants rufhing into the Room,
diey overturned theTable with the Meat and Candles,and his Lordfhip
taking the Queen in his Arms, put her in the King's Arms, defiring
her not to be afraid, for there was no Harm defigned againft her,
but only againft Rizjio, wliom they immediately (eized upon, and
dragging him out of the Room, they murdered him at the Door of
her outer Chamber ; after which the Queen defired the Earl of
Morton, the Lord Lindfay, and yirthur Erskin to bring her a little
black Coffer from RiZiios Ciiamber, fuppofed to be full of Papers
wrote in Cyphers to foreign Princes, which they accordingly did,
and the Earl of Morton appointed the Lord Semple to take care of
all the reft of the Things that were in his Chamber. Her Majefty
having upbraided the King her Husband for tliis balbaro^s and in-
human Treatment of her, fhe next addreffed her felf to our Author,
telling him, Tiiat it fcemed his Sicknels was not very deadly, other-
wife he would not be guilty of fuch a barbarous A(5fion, if he be-
liev'd in a future State : To which his Lordfhip replied, That he
would not for all that he was worth in the World that her Majefty
were as much indifpofed as he was. Wel^, zuelJ, (fays fhe) my Lordy
if Jfufer an jibortion by this, Jo that the Child in my Belly do not
hvenge my §luarrel, yet I hope that I ha'ue fuch friends as may do
it, either upon you or yours. To which his Lordfhip anfwered. Tour
Majefys Jr tends are too great to take notice of fuch a mean P erf on
as i am, efpecially fmce I had no Deftrn again fl your Majejlys Per-'
fon J and that all I have done is by the Ktng your Husbands Com"
mand, which the King ovmed before her. And this is the Account
which his Lordfhip gives us of this abominable Adion, in which
Jie Jiad To great a Hand, and which he reprefents as done for th^
Glory of God, and jhe eftablifhing of the Proieftant Rebgionv

Black'

70 The Life o/" PATRICK, Lord KutUvtn. Vol. III.

r^y'^'^ Blackwood (a) tells us, Tliat when his Lordfhip came in to the
>>A/^ Qiieen's Chamber,' he had an Head-piece and a Coat of Armour
upon him; and when he looked upon the Queen with a thrcjtninv,
and ghalUy look, becaufe he had been long fick, Hie fuid. Mi
Lord, it jeems yoH come not hither upon any ^ood Dcji^n. To whicli
he anfwered, That he had no Defign agamjl her, but againfl that
Villain, pointing ro her Secretary with his Finger; and that wliilft
he held the (^ueen by the Garment, crying, Giuflttia, CiHjlilia,
fujlice, Jnjlite, his Lordfliip gave him a Wound over the Queen's
Shoulder; and that his eldelt Son, or as others reported, aylndreio
Ker oF Fadownjide held a Piftol to her Belly, tlireatning her with
opprobrious Language to be her Death, it Ihe oftbred to make any
RelUlance : But wliatever Truth be in this, it is certain that, lie was
moft barbaroully treated. And Blackwood fiiys, That he had llxty
mortal Wounds given liim by different Daggers. But to return to our
Author's Account ot this Action, he ("ays, That whilft the King and
he were reafoning with the Qiieen, tliere came one kiiocking fad
at the Chamber Door, to acquaint dicm that the Earls ot Hantly,
^thol, Bothzvel, Caithnejs and Sutherland, with the Lords, fteem-
ing, Livingjlon, Secretary Lithington, the Comptroller, the Laird
ol Grant and dieir Servants were fighting in the Clofs with the
Earl of Q^orton and his Party; upon which the King was going to
join Morton ; but our Author flopping him, defired him to take
care of the Qiieen, and he hoped in a little Time by joining Alor^
ton, to quell the Rabble below ; and indeed any one of their Parties
was fuperior to thefe noble Lords ; and he tells us, diat before he
came to the Foot of the Stair, they had forced them to flielter
themfelves in their feveral Apartments ; upon which our Author
went up to the Earl of Bothweh Cliamber, where he found the
Earl of Huntly, Sutherland, Caithness, the Laird of Grant, and di-
vers others, to whom he told, that what was done, was by the King's
Command,- diat a Parliament had been called in order ro tiie try-
ing the banifh'd Lords, but the Parliament was not to fit, that thele
Lords would be at the Palace oi Holy-Rood-Houfe before Day, and
fince he knew that there were fome Differences betwixt Hunily and
oArgyle, and betwixt Bothwel and Murray, he gave his Hand
to them, that all fhould be taken away amongfl: them : After this
he went to the Earl of o^thoh Chamber, accompanied with the
Earls of Caithnejs and Sutherland, and the Laird of Grant ; he found
with, them the Comptroller, the Secretary, Mx. James Balfour, and
feveral others : After the Ceremony of Salutation was over, there
having been a great Intimacy betwixt ^thol and Ruthven, oAthol
upbraided him for concealing it from him ; His Lordfhip told him,
that all was the King's Contrivance, and that he had promifed Se-
crecy to him ; then oAthol defired to procure a Pafs for him and
thofe that were with him, that they might go to the Country till
Affairs were fettled, which he promifed to do ; in the mean Time,
whilft

(«) Chap. i. Pag. gi.

Vol. III. The Life 0/ PATRICK, Lord Ruthven. ^

'N-'V^O

wliilft lie was with y4thol, Huntly and Bothvjcl, they refiedling upon ^

the returning of tlie banifhed Lords that Night, and on tlie Hatred ^^%^'
they bore to them, thought it fit to make tlieir Efcape out of a laigh
Window. Not long after this, the Trovoft of Edinburgh, with a
Number of the Inliabitants in Arms, came to the Palace of Holy
Rood-Houfe to afTift the Queen, but the King calling out to them at
a Window, told them that both the Qiieen and he were in good
Health, and what was done, was done by his Command, upon
which they returned to thsir refpecflive Dwellings.

Whilft our Author was talking with my Lord Athol and his Com-
pany, the King told the Queen that he had fent for the banifhed
Lords, upon wnicli fhe told him that it was none of her Fault that
they were not fent for long before, and de/ired him to mind how
warmly he oppofed her giving the Duke of Chatelheratdt a Remif-
fion. Our Author having returned to the Queen's Chamber, he
tells us, Thnt the Qj^een asked him what was the Reajon, that he had
now fo great a Love for the Earl of Murray, fince he might remem-
ber how great an Enemy he zuas to him, which he acknowledged, but
faid, that in Obedience to God's Command, he heartily forgave all
Men. Which was a ftrange piece of Impudence, when his Hands
were not wafhcd from the innocent Blood of a Stranger, whom he
he had kill'd in his Revenge, after which he gives an Account of
the King and his own infolent Behaviour to the Queen, in Vindi-
cation of themfelvcs, which highly incenfed her againft them both,
but finding that it might tend to her Prejudice,' t^ Vent her Pa(Tion,
fhe turned Sick, and defired thenv to leave her with the Ladies of
her Bed-chamber, which they did.

When the King was come to his Chamber, the Lord Ruthven
defiled a Pafs for the Earl of ydthol and thofe that were with him,
at the fiifl: the King refufed him, unlefs they would give a Bond
under tlioir Hands to return when called by him : But at length he
Was prevail'd upon, by i^wr^w^'s; engaging for their Fidelity, and
^thol being brought to the King's Chamber, upon his Promife of
returning whenever the King or Queen called him, he was permit^-
red to go Home, but refufed a fight of the Queen^ fo taking' his
leave of the Kin^,' he went ftraigiit Home, accompany'd with the
Earls of Sfitherland and Caithn^s, tiie Mafter of Caithaefs,' tlie Se>-
cfetary, the Comptroler Mi. fames Balfour, die L^icd of Grant
and' (cveral others. The fame Night, th(i ^ing wiijhout the jCon-
tent pr Advice of the Queen,-' iffued out a Writ fubfcribed under
his Hand, Commanding fuciv Perfons in Edinburgh, '<si5 -he hsidap^
pointed for tliat Effedl, to fee, ' that und^r Night none :fhould be
permitted to be upon ' the Street'-but I^roteftantsi and the next Day
being Sunday tlie lOth of March, 'he difchafged' the Meeting
of the Pari fament, ^ ahd ' coiVimanded ■ all Earls, f relates,' Lordi,
Barons, Commiflipners of Burrows and others, that itvere called to
the faid Parliament, to depart out o( 'Edinlf^ghy' mthin'.the Spade
of three Hours after the Publjc^tipn of tbisi^ Over thd' Mercat Crprs

Si of

71 The Ltfe 0/ PATRICK, Lord Rutliven. VoL 11/.

5J;;f^ of Edinburghy under the Penalty of lofing their Lives and for-
'-'V^ tunes.

That Night the Qiiccn thcrught to have made her Efcape, waU
king for the moft part of the Night in her Chamber, but the King
hacTcaufed lock all the Gates, and committed the Charge of the
Tower Gate, and all the other privy Paffages about the Palace to
our Author, who caus'd them to be carefully watch'd all that Njght,
and under the filence of the Night Riz^ios Body was dragged to
tlic Porter's Lodge, where the Porter and his Alfociates infulting
over his dead and mangled Body, they ftript it naked, and pulling
the King's Dagger out of his Side, which he forgot to pull out of
him, they committed a Thoufand Lifolencies upon the dead
Corps.

Tlie next Morning about Eighth of the Clock, theKinjr went to
the Queen's Bed-chamber, where they fell a reafoning concerning
the Murder and harfh Treatment that he had fhown to lier, in con-
fining her a clofs Prifoner, and in the heat of her Padlon fhe let
Tome Tears drop from her Eyes, which fofoftned the King s Heart,
that he granted her the Liberty, of calling what Ladies (he pleafed
to name to attend her ; when lie returned to his Chamber, he told
Morton and Ruthven what he had done, and both of them told
him, that tliey doubted not, .bur that fhe'would employ thefe Ladies
to acquaint her Friends of her Condition, and therefore advifed
him to retracfl his Promife to her : About Dinner-time the Queen
felt fome Pains, fo that fhe feared an Abortion, and called for her
Mid-wife j and the Kjng being fent for, fhe challenged him for the
Breach of his Promife ; upon which he immediately fent word to
Morton and Ruthven (without wliofe Advice he durfl do nothing)
to acquaint them of the Queen's Condition, and allowed every
one that pleafed Accefs to her Majefty. But fhe being informed
that my Lord Ruthven had fome bad Defign againft her, fhe fent
for John Sernple, Son to the Lord Semple, and having told him
•Wliat fhe was afraid of, fhe fent him to my Lord Ruthven, to ask
him, if he had any bad Defign againft her; which he openly dis-
owned to Mr. Semple, who round him at Dinner : But when the
King returned to his Chamber about Four of the Clock in the After-
noon, his Lordfhip told him, that he was informed that the Queen
had only feigned that fhe was in Danger, and that fhe defigned to
make her Efcape amongft the Throng of the Women, as they were
parting with her : Upon this the King gave him Orders to put
Sentinels to her Doors, who were to take a narrow Infpedlion of
every one as they paffed out of the Chamber.

Aoout 7 or 8 of^the Clock at Night the banifhed Lords arrived
from England, and were received at the Palace of Holy-Rood-Houje
by the King, Morton and Ruthven, with great Demonftratiohs of
Joy : And after they had conferred for fome Time togetJier, the
Earl of Ahrray parting with the King, went to the Earl oi Mortons
Apartment ; where, as they were going to Supper, the Queen having

got

The Life tf/ PATRICK, Lord Rutliven. 7^

pot notice ot iiis Arrival,(he fent for him ; and having received him very ^J^;:'^'^
kindly, he returned, after fome Converfe with her, to iWorWs Apart- '-'^Vn;
nienr, where he lodged all that Night : The fame very Nicht the King
was very carnefl with the Queen to be reconciled to liim, which
(he at length was brought rO, providing that he would caufe remove
all tlie Sentries and Guards that were fet over her, and that none
fliould be fuflfered to lodge in her Apartments, but themfelves and
their Attendants ; this he complied with : But when he acquainted
the Lords Morton and Ruthven of this, they being afraid of the
fatal Confequences that might happen to them, if ever they were
reconciled again, they upbraided him with Effeminacy ; yet he per-
fifted in his Refolution and Promife to the Qiieen, and our noble
Lord was obliged to remove to the King's Wardrobe, where he lay
all that Night : About fix a Clock in x\\e Morning the King went
to the Qiiecn's Bed-chamber, and finding her afleep, he fat upon
her Bed-fide till fhc awak'd, and then earneflly intreated that fhe
would pardon the banifh'd Lords ; this (he agreed to : And when
the King told Morton and Ruth'ven of it, they endeavoured to dif^
fwadehim from believing her; but ..by this Time (he had entirely
regained the King's Heart and AfFedlion to her : After Dinner the
banifh'd Lords, with the Earl of Morton and Lord Ruthven, were
brought to the Qiieen's outer Chamber by the Kin^, who went to
ask her if fhe would come to them, or if^ he (hould bring them to
her : She refolving to go to them, was led' by the King to the outer
Chamber, where they falling down upon their Knees, there was a
Speech made in their Behalf by the Earl of Morton, and then every-
one of them apologized for themfelves ; after .whkh the Queen
told them, T^hat all of them could not but know, that Jhe vjas never
fplood-thirjly after any of her Subjects Lives, nor coveted any of their
£ftates, and that Jhe Pardoned all of them for zvhat they had done,
and hoped they xvould be better Subjedls tn all Time coming. Buc
Morton, Lindfay, Ruthven, and the other Murderers of Rtz^io not
tiiinking that this was fufficient for them, drew up certain Articles
to be fubfcribed by the King and Queen, which the Queen promi-
fed to do ; in the mean Time, the Queen required that the Kin^
fhould caufe all to remove out of the Palace of Holy-Rood-Houje^
who had no immediate Dependence upon her, and that her Guards
and Servants fhould only have the Command of the Palace, fince
all Things were now agreed amongfl them. This \yas violently
oppos'd oy the Confpirators ; but the King was refolved to granr
whatever fhe required of him ; upon which the Lord Ruthven pro-
tefted, that all the Blood-fhed that fhould follow thereupon fhould
fall Upon the King and his Poflerity, and not upon theirs : After which
all of^them went out of the Palace, and fupped that Night at Mortons
Houl'e ; after Supper they dire(5led Mr. <!y4rchibald ^Douglas to the
King, to fee if the Queen and he had fubfcribed thofe Articles they
iiad given him, according to his Promife ; but the Queen, by this
Time having made her Husband fenfible of the horrid Crime of

T the

^4 The Life o/" PATRICK, I«r^ Rutlwen. Vol. I If.

V. , - . - - " 11 HI -I -^

C^^VT the Murderers, and liow much it would reHe(ft upon his Honotir to

All. I JOO. . I y- I III

v'V^j countenance them, he lent them word that tlie, Qiieen was inchP
pofed and gone to Bed, and could not fuhfcribe them till to Mor-
row : On the other Hand, the Queen fent my Lord Trac^nnr to
fee whr.t they were doing, under the Pretence of a \\i\i to the Far!
of Murray, upon which all of them immediately went to their
feveral Lodgings. The next Day, which was Tuejday the i ith of
March, about one of the Clock in the Morning, the Kin<4 and
Queen flipt out privately at a back Door from the Palace of Holy-
Kood-Houje, where they were met by jirthur Erskm, Captain of her
Guards, and about feven Perfons more, who convoyed them to the
Caftle of Vumbar : The Lords having got notice of this, agreed
among themfelves, that one of their Number fliould be fcnt to
their Majefties, requiring them to fubfcribc the Articles, and
that the Earl of Murray fliould write in their Favours ; and
the Lord Semfle was the Perfon condefcended upon to carry the
MefTage to them; but the Queen being now at Liberty, abfolutely
refus'd to pardon the Confpiiarors, and iflued out a Proclamation,
commanding all her loving Subjedls in the adjacent Countries, to
meet her at HadJingtonn upon the 17th and i8th Days of iV^^rf/*
in Arms, for the Defence of her Perfon, none being exempt be-
twixt \6 and 70. And Orders were fent to the Lord Erjkine, Cap-
tain of the Caftle of Edmhurgh, to fire upon the Town, if the
Confpirators did not immediately depart out of it ; and at the fame
Time a Proclamation was made over theCrofs oi Edinburgh, decla-
ring the King innocent and free of the Murder. And upon Saturn
day being the izd of March, the Queen cau(ed fummon upon Iik
Days to compear before her Majefty's Privy Council, under pain of
High-Treafon, the Earl of Morton, the Lord Ruth'ven, the Lord
Lindjay, the Mafter of jR«r/;'uf«, the Laird of Orw/y?0M«, the Laird
of Brimfioun, the Laird of Calder, Andrew Ker of Fadoivnfide, the
Laird of Hat ton, the Laird o( Er/tltottn, Alexander Ruthven Bro-
ther to the Lord Ruthven, Patrick Mirray ot Tippermuir, Douglas
of Wittin^ham, Mr. Archibald Douglas his Brotlier, George Doug-
las, Linc^ay of Prefloun, Thomas Scot, the Laird of Cambusmttk^t,
Douglas of Lochleven, "james Jaffrey of Sheerhall, Adam Erskine
Commendsitoi o( Cambuskenneth, the Laird of iyb«rr;>/^ the Fiar of
Karfs, Patrick Wood of Bonnington, Mr. James MGtU Clerk Regi-
fter and their Complices. The Confpirators finding that their
Party was too weak for the Queen's, for by this Time the Earls of
Huntly, Bothwel and Athol had join'd the Queen with a confidera-
ble Body of Men, fome of them fled ro England, and others to
Argyle Shire, the Queen marching with her Forces to Edinburgh, a
ftridt Enquiry was made after the Murderers, and our noble Lord
fays, That it zvas Jo ftriii andjevere, that it would have pitied any
godly Heart to have feen it, as if the puniihing of Murderers were
againft the Law of God.

The

Vol. Ill The Ltje of VAT KiC K, Lord Ruthven. 75"

The King had a Remiflian given him, and it was declared high ;:S:^.
Treafon for any one to fpeak of his having had a Hand in it. Mr. -^VV
Jawes Mgill arid feverals of the Citizens of Edinburgh fled to the
Higlilands, and the Office of Clerk Regifter was conferred upon
Sir fames Balfour. Thomas Scot Sheriff-Depute of Perth, and Ser-
vant to the Lord Ruthven, with Sir Henry Harris fometime a Prieft,
being apprehended, after Tryal were convidled, hang'd and quar-
ter'd. William Harlaw and John Moubray BurgefTes of Edmburgh,
were convidled and brought to the Place of Execution, but pardo-
ned. Many of tlie refl for Noncompearance were denounced
Traytors and Murderers, but moft of them fhe afterwards pardoned,
and reflored to their Eflates. The Earl of Morton, Ruthven and
Lindfay fled to England, where our noble Lord compofed his
hiftorical Narration of all thefe Tranfacflions, which he wrote at
iBerzvick, and died towards the latter end of the fame Year.

This noble Man was a Perfon of great Sagacity and Penetration, ^J"*,^*
daring in whatever he projeded, a great Hypocrite and DifTem-S*''
bier, who ftuck at nothing to ferve the Interert] of his Party ; and
fo zealous in the advancing of the Work of the Reformation, that
it made him forget his Duty to his God and his Sovereign, and per-
haps no Ace has produced the inftance of one who acknowledged
himfelf to be guilty of a Fadl which all mankind muft acknowledge
to be Murder, and to vindicate the fame under the fpecious Pre-
tence of Godlinefs, and for thfe eftablifliing of the Proteftant Reli-

giOHi

'A

The Catalogue of his Works.

Difcourfe of the late Troubles that happened in Scotland, h-
tween the noble and mighty Princejs Mary, by the Grace of
Cod §ueen of Scotland, dnd'her Husband Henry the King,
with others, Earls, Lords, Barons, Gentlemen, free-holders,
c^erchants and Crafts-men, MS. penes me, and printed at
London.

The LIFE oi AD AM ELDER ofthe
Order of the Cifierciam.

THIS Monk was born o( an honed Parentage, it^ »«» ""tk
the Shire or County of <iAberdeen, and had his "ol "'**'"
Education at that Univerfity, where, after he had
finifhed the Courfe of his Studies in the Bellet'
Ltttres and Piiilofophy, he applyed himfeif to
Theology, entred into Holy Orders, and became a Monk of the,„,o"thrar'!
Order of the Cijlenianti in tii^MonaiWy of ICmUJff in th» Shire J;;^'**

T 1 of

76 The Life of ADAM ELDER. Vol. ///.

£y[^ or County oi' Murray, at that Time the Reverend father in Cod

^•'V^ Robert Reicl Bilhop o( Orkney was Abbot oF this Monaflcry, which

for the Magnificence ot its Strudure, thd Splendor and Jkauty of

its Church, dedicated to the Blelled Virgin, was not inferior to

any \n 'Britain, if we may bcVicvc lienor Moe tins, wliofe Words are,

Eji (fays he) in MW^os nunc Cacnobtum cum (•yJitgHfltjjtrNO ternplo

(li'V& 'uirgini j.tcro, Ailibufque magnifies extru6lHr&, Riorum ccttn Ci-

ileicienlis inflitnti tnftgne, nnlli in Albione, religionis obfervantia

Jecimdunj. Our Author was not long in tliis Monaftery, when the

Abbot who was famous both for his Piety and Learning ( as we

have fhown in iiis Lite) made choice of our Audior to be tlieir

trou'lerof' Lcdlurcr in Divinity, and when their worthy Abbot was promoted

YCwlVa,i to the See of Orkney in the Year 1 540, he made Choice of our

"IdTu.m'ioMonk to be Tutor and Overfeer of his Nephew's Studies, a Youth

«>>« yo^ne of promifing Parts, who fucceeded to him as Abbot: And when the

horn yo'-""'g Abbot went over to die Univerfity of Paris, to finifh his

he goes over Studies thcic, our Author went along with him in the Year 1^66.

And having contraded an intimate Friendfhip with feversfl learned

Men in that Univerhty, at their Defire he publiftied a Collcdion

«vh.r. he of Homilies in Latin, which he had preached to the Monks in

vou'm/'of* /c/w/o/J, and dedicated to his mofl; worthy Patron the Bifhop of

"""■''"'• Orkney, the fuh]e£\: Matter of which are as follows.

The two firft are upon the Nativity of our ble'Jed Saviour. The
third is upon the Star appearing to the three zvife Men in the Eafi.
The 4th is upon the Purification of the blej]cd Virgin Mary. The
5th is a Panegyrick upon S. Benedi(^t. The 6th is upon the Annun-
ciation. The 7th is upon the jifccnfion. The 8tli is upon the Mif-
fion of the Holy Ghofl. The 9th is upon the Feflival of the blejfed
Sacrament. The lOch is upon John the Baptifl. The lith is upon
the Apoflles, Peter and Paul. The 1 1th is upon the aAlfumption
of the blejfed Virgin. The r^th is upon ^.Bernard. The I4di is
upon the Matiuity of the Uejjed Virgin. TJie r5th is upon the
Fefiival of all Saints. The 1 6th is upon the various coming of our
blejjed Saviour. The 17th is upon the Conception of the blejjed Virgin.
And the i8th and Laft, is upon the Dedication of a Church.
According to my ufual Method, I fhall only infift upon the Subjedl
of one ot thofe Sermons, vizj. His third Sermon, and endeavour
to make it appear, that according to our Author's AfTertion, That
the wife Aden of the F.aft that were condudled by the Appearance
of a new Star to adore Jefus Chrift, were c^agi that came from
Arabia, and were Kings of Arabia.

That they came from Arabia, and not from Perfia, as it is vul-
garly believed was the Opinion of all the ancient Fathers of the
Church ; thus fupn Martyr (a), who flourifhed in the Middle of
the fecond Century, fays, That no jooner Chrifl was born, but the
Magi of Arabia came to adore him, and at Bethlem offered him Pre-
sents of Cold, Jncenfe and Myrrhe. And Tertttllian, who lived in

die

(«) lo Oulogo cutn Tryph. jud. poll Dcdium.

Vol. III. The Life 0/ ADAM ELDER. yy

the Beginning of the third; find End of the fecond Century, fays (rt),;^;:^

That "they were from Arabia, md offered Prejents at Arabia, accor-.^^'V^

ding to that of the 71 Tfahn, Verfe 10. and 15. The Kings of

Tarfhifh and of the Jjles fall bring Prejents, the Kings of Sheba and

Seba ftjall offer Gifts : And he fall Ifve, and to him f Ml he given

the Gold oy Sheba : Befides, Arabia was full of Magi, or wife Men

that cultivated their Sciences, in fo much that Tliny tells us (b),

That Tjthagoras and Democrituy did not become learned till after

they had confulted the Arabian Magi : And Porphyry fays (c),

That Pythagoras went to Arabia to learn Wifdom from them, and

the Magi were fo frequent in that Country, that they gave the

Name to a Gulf or Lake in that Country, which Ptolomy calls (d)

Ma-^wK ^^oATTtn, the Gulf of the Magi; and he tells us, that it was

fituated in the mofl: Eaftern Parts of Arabia the Happy : And the.

fame Author tells us, That tl>ere was in the Red-Sea an Ii'land of

the Magi, Viayw* yn&os. And why might there not be many Magi

in Arabia, which is fo near to Caldea and Perfa, as well as in

Cappadocia, where Strabo fays {e\ There were great Numbers of

them; Maxima (fays hej eji ibi magornm multitudo. And always

in the Scripture Phrafe, the Arabians are called the People of the

Eafl, becaufe its to the Eaft; of the promifed Land. And Job, who

was an Arabian (f), is (aid to be the greateft amongft all the People

of the Eaft, a^agnus inter omnes orientals. And in the Prophet

Jeremiah (g), they are called the Children of the Eaft. And Laftl)^

if thefe (^Magi had come from the Perftans^ as it is commonly

believed, then fubjefft to the Empire of the Parthians •■, Herod,-

who was their fworn Enemy,' would not have failed to imprifon

them, as Spies from his fworn Enemies ; whereas he treated therrt

civily and humanely, becaufe the Arabians were at Peace with the

Jews and the Romans : From all which it plainly appears, that 'tis

much more probable, that thefe wife Men were Arabians rather

than Perfians. When they fay then in 'SiV ^Matthew, We hanje feen hii

Star in the Eaft., it is as much as to fay, We ha^ue feen his Star in

Arabia : But from what Part of Arabia, is not fo well known, yec

the Conje(n:urc of the learned Father PeZjron, that they came from

the Ifles about the Perfian Gulph, inhabited by the Sab&ans, is

highly probable. And this he founds (/?) upon that of the 7;t,

Pfalm, which he renders thus, The Kings o/'Tarlhifh, and of the

liles ffall bring Prejents, the Kings o/"Sava andSaha. Jhall offer Giftsi

after the Manner of the Ancient Verfions, and not the Kings of

S,\)aba and Stha as the modern Verfion is after the fewifh Rabbiesy

but in whatever Manner it be read, there is a difference betwixc

the two Saba's, for in the HebreWi the firft. is wrote with a Shin^

and tile other with a Samech, and fo thefe two Names point out

two different People, and what thefe were, is plain from the lOth'

Chapter of Genejts, Vers/ 7th, where Saba with Samech which is. the,

\J firft

(<) Contfi Ju(i«o. Op. y. 6c Ub. contr. M*rtloo dp I J. (t) Lib. »j. C«p. ». (t) Apud Crril- tib. la coirtr. JuUifl"
(i) Ceogr.pli. Lib, S. C.p. 1. U Ub. 4. Op. •• 10 Gfoirtph, Cip; If. (/ ) Job. Of '< »«* j. U> J"- Cifd
V«.i, I. C*) Hj«. £»«.jcL T««. «.

r I i«

y^ The Lije of ADAM HLDhR. Vol. III.

rv/^.x^ i\[{i Sah, becaiiic the oldeft, tho' ir be the fecond in the I'lalin,
Crv^ was the Son of Chus, and Brother to the ra.iious Niwrod, who
founded the Kingdom oi Bcibylon, but Sola by Shm which is the(e-
con Sitba, was the Son of Rcgrna, and conlcquently the Nephew
of N'tmrod, by this Genealoj^y whicli we find in Gemfs, we fee,
that the two Sabas are defended of Cham the Son of Noah^ lie bc-
in" the Father of Chits., now in the Partition of the Earth, that was
made under Noah after the Deluge, all yifrick (ell to Cham his Son
with the Weflern yfrabia, that goes hoin Mount Sephar to tiie
Red Sea, this part of Arabia was the Portion of Chusy the eldeft
Son of Cham, as Eg)p was that of c^/Jr^/;/w, fo it is in the Scrip-
tures often named the Land of Chi4s. Tlicrelore, the Pollericy ot
this Man ought to liave inliabited that part of ^Arabia, which lyes
towards Enft, ; but it happened quite otherwife, tor tiie Tyrant
Nimrod who was his Son, having umuftly ufurped the Country of
'Babylon, which belonged to ytjhtir tneSonot Chas, that were near
to him, removed and planted themlelves by him in the Eaflcrn
jlrabia, upon the Coaft of the Perjian Sea, and this early Tranf-
mu^ration ("eems to be the Reafon why the Weftern Arabia loll the
Name of Chus, according to tlie Genealogies that Mojes has left
us, Genefis Chap lOth Ver(l 7. 8- The Sons ot Chus were Saba,
the firfl: of the two Fevila, Salatha, Regma and Sahothaca, with
Nimrod King ol Babylon, of all thefe Cliildren of Clms, none of
their Pofterity are recorded in Scripture but thofe ot Regmas, who
had Saba the fecond of that Name, and Dadan and thefe are
the Pofterity of Chus; that inhabited themofl Ealteni part of yJrabia
the Happy, alongil: the Gulf otPer/ta, t'lom Balfera, or the degoi-
o\n<^ of the Euphrates to the Point of the Straights of Ormits, and
in this all the learned Geograpliers of this Age are agreed. And
it's plain and evident to any that will compare the Tables of Ptolo-
my with Mr. Bochart's Phaleg, the rtrfl: Saba the Son of Chns u'ith
his Bieduen Hanj'tla and Salatha, inhabited all the Oriental part of
jirabia from the City Balfera, to the Point of Calif. And it was him
who gave the Name to the firft Sab&ans, who are at prefent famous
under the Name of Jemamites, becaufe they inhabit the Country
of "jemama, but this Name is but a modern one amongfl: the
Arabians. Thefe firft Sab&ans the Defcendants of Chus, were for
the moft part driven from their ancient Polleffions by the Greciansy
a People that came from Chald&a near to Babylon, as M-e learn
from Strabo {a), wiio fays, that thofe oiGerra that inhabit tiie Per-
fan Gulf, were Chaldeans come from the Country oi Babylon, In pro-
funda (fays he) Jinn jaceturbsGciia. ■^o^'^ y(pp<^ habitataa Chaldaeis
'Babylone exulibus. Ptolomy puts this City o^Gerraot C^m towards
the fame Place where is now the City of Calif, not far from the
Ifle of Baharam, thefe Sabxans mixt with the Gerreans, Agatarchi-
des fays, {b) were the richeft People of Arabia, nullum hominum
genus Saba;is ^ Gerracis opulentius cjje njidetur, for he tells us that
^__ it

C<) Geogr. Lib. i6. ij>) Apud Phoc. C. 90.

Vol. III. The Life of ADAM ELDER. ^^

CN^^-^

it was they that had the greateft Commerce with the Syrians and^i.-^^-
Phccnicians, and tlu.s fufficient concerning the firft Saba, the Son of ""^^^
ChuSy and Brother of Nimrod.

The fecond Saba the Brother of Dadan, and the Son of Rcvma,
was the Father of the Saba,ans of Arabia, the Happy that extends
from the City of Calif to the Point of the Straights oWrmus, for
Pompom lis Mela (a) fpeaking of Arabia the Happy, places them"
there with the Maces, Majorem ( fays he ) Sabxi tenent partem
ojlio proximam ^ Caramanis contrariam Macx : And this is evi-
dent from Ptolomy, who has fo exadlly defcribed oArabia [b), and
Places upon that Side the City of Regma, which had its Namefroni
the Father of Sava ; and Stephanas "(c) Places there tlie City and
Gulph of Regma, Righma ( fays he ) Stnus circa mare Perfuum j
and all our modern Cartes of our Travellers place likewife there
the City of Dadan, which has its Name from the Brother of Saba.
But laflly, what is moft confiderable, it is the fame Country of yira-
bia the Happy, that the Prophet Eicekielf^Q^ks of (^),when he is dcfcri-
bing the Commerce of Tyre, where lie fays, that Saba and Regma
brought Gold and precious Stones and Spices, which without doubt
were Incenfe and Mvrrhe : From all which we may rationally con-
clude, Ftrft, That tlie Magi that came to adore our Saviour at his
Birth, were not only Arabians, but thofe ^Arabians who inhabited
the Ifles and Coafts of the Perfian GuU, where the two Sabas were
mentioned in 71 Pfalm according to its fpiritual and prophetical
Senfe. And idly. That according to tlie ancient Tradition of the
Church, they were Kings ; for as TertuUian very well obferves, (e)
the Eaftern Countries, that is to fay, Arabia, had always fuch for
their Kings ; Nam (fays hej ^ (^Magos Reges fere habuit orient.
And Strabo, wlio was well acquainted with the Cuftoms of thefc
Nations, afiures us (J") that the Ancients failed not to honour the
Chaldeans and (^Magi, and to beftow Kingdoms and Governments
upon them ; apud majores nofros ( fays he ) Chaldxis ^ Macis
fapicntia alios fuperantibus honores C? imperia delata funt. And as
wc learn from Pliny, the Kings (g) of thefe Parts about the Per-
fian Gulf, gave for the Prefervation of their Liberty to Antiochui
Epiphanes, who was going to fuh]e6t them 500 Talents of Sil-
ver, a Thoufand Talents of Incenfe, and Two hundred of Stade,
which is a Species of mofl precious and odoriferous Mvrrhe; and
that their Riches confifted in Gold, Iftcenfe and Myrrne, we are
informed by Polybius (h) and thefe tliey offered to fignify our SaJ
viour's regal and facerdotal Dignities and Death, according td
Ciilius Curio, cited by our Author in thefe Verfes;

Ergofolliciti puerum jam qiurere pergunt,
Trinacjue pro trino numine dona Ufrnt.

Hie myrrham proper at, fert alter thurci SabdOi
Alter Phijontis munera fuha gerit.

U 1 Alarum

(«) Lib. M- Cip. ». (i) Cuir. iJb. 6 C.j>. 7. ('• In »<i:e ftyi"- (^> Oup. *)• V^fC »«. («) Lih.c«Mn ]^mf%
Qf-^ (/)«"b. (Hoci.Uk. ». (<)Ub. /Op. »•. U) S.idM «> rolfbio.

8o Tl}e Life o/ADAM ELDER. Vol. Iff.

- - — —

'>»'^^-^ ^Hrum rex pofcit^ Jed gaudet thure Sacerdos^

Jlvkj' Jn myrrha Chriftns membra fepulta locaf.

Our Author dicJ at Paris towards the latter End of the YcJir
15(57. nuicli regratcd by tlic learned Men of his own Order, who
had a particular Efteem for him, being a Perfon well feen in the
Hebrew, Greek and Latin Lan^iiViQ^cs, in the Bel/es-Lettres, Philo-
fopiiy and Theology, iiis Homilies are wrote in a florid and Cice-
ronian Stile, and highly efteemed by the beft Judges of that Age,
amongft whom Henry Blackwood Dodor of Medicine, and Dean
to rhe Faculty of Phyficians in the Univerfity of Paris, has thefe
Verfcs in Commendation of his Works,
Jn ^dami fenioris 0eo(ro(piaK
Henrici Blackwodcej ad Ledtorem

Si 'vis mel/ijluos fophid libare fapores,

Et CHpis dtherei regna beatatoli,
Si laudare velis coelejiia numina uivum,

Et Xenophont^eo ws ftmulore loqui.
Qj^ijcjiiis non 'uanis njitam traducere rebus

Optas : fed facris infituijje modis ;
Hi*c ades ; hie non funt puerornm Na;nia;, at omni

Terfa labore fenis 'verba %>idere potes.
H&c ^ AndoteUs fuperant ^ fcripta Platonis,

Hunc ergo deles confulhijje librum.

The Catalogue of his Works.

I. /I D u4MI Senioris, Scoti Monachi Ciftercienfis ordinis, Mona-
jf\. ftf^fi Kinloffenfis, ad Reverendumin Chrijlo patrem ac Do-
minum, Vominum Robertum Reid Orchadum Pr/tfulem, fire-
«x, five Condones Capitulares, viz.

I. De Nativitate Dominica.

II. Item de Nativitate Dominica'.
Ill De yipparitione Domini^

IV. De Purificatione Beat a Maria.

V. De SanHo Benedi^o prima Abbate Cafftnen/i.

VI. De Annanciatione Dominica.
VIE De Refurreciione Dominica.

VIII. De Afmfione Domtni.

IX. De Mtjjione fptritHs fanai.

X. De Fejitvitate corporis Chrifti.

XI. De San£lo foanne Baptifta.

XII. Dc Sanais Petro (^ Paulo oApofiolis,

XIII. De

Vol. III. The Catalogue of his Works. gj

XIII. Be JJftimptione BeatijjimA'virginisM.2knx. rs,y\^

XIV. De Sanao Bernardo ClarA njoliis Ahhate. w^X'
XV: Ve Nat hit ate Beat a Mariac.

XVI. Ve Fefiivitate omnium JanHomm.
XVll De Vario Chrifii Domini Adventu.

XVIII. De Conceptione beat a Mariae.

XIX. De Dedicattone Eccle/tA.

VdiuCns ex Typographta Match asi Davidis njia Amygdalina adVe-
ritatis infigne-, 1558. in Ci^o.

THE

LIFE of JAMES BASSANTIN,
Profeffor of Mathematicks at Taris:

Hit Paren-

H I S^ Gentleman was a Son of the Lord of Bajfan „., p,^^_,
tins in the Mers, he was born in the Aeign of^e*'*"^'"-
King fames the IV. (a) and had his Education'""""
at the Univerfity of Gtafgow, where after he

had finiflied his Studies in the Belies-Lettres and

Philofophy, he apply'd himfelf to the Mathematicks, in which he
made a wonderful Progrefs, and being defirous to Improve himfelf
further, he went Abroad, and travelled for feveral Years throucrh
the Low Countries, Swijjerland^ France^ Jtaly and Germany, but
the Country he mofl: refided in was France, where he taught the Her^ch.,
Mathematicks with great Applaufe for feveral Years at Paris. At mAicki't;
Length, havintr a Defire to die in his own native Country, he. te-^^tulh.'"*
turned to Scotland in the Year i ')6l. As he was entering Scotland.,
he met with Sir Robert Mehil upon the Borders, and falling into
Converfe with him, he gave a very ftrange and furprizing InftanceofU""',,?
of liis Knowledge in Judicial Aftrology, which we hnd in Sir James *^^]"jl{^i
Mehil's Memoirs, and which I fhall here narrate in his own Words, ^'"'"w*
This puts me in Mind (fays he) {^) of a Tale that my Brother Sir
Robert told me, the Time that he was hufiejl dealing betwixt tht
two Queens, ( Qj^een Mary and §lueen Elizabeth ) to entertain their
Fritrmjhip, and draw on their Meeting at a Place near York, one
Baffantin a Scots Man, who had been a Traveller, and ivas learned
in high Sciences, came to him and f aid, good Gentleman, I heat Jo
good a Report of you, that I love you heartily, and therefore cannot
forbear to p^ew you, that your upright T>ealing and hone ft Travel will
be in vain : For whereas you believe to obtain aAdvantage for your
^^etn at the Qwen of England's Hands, you do but lofe your Time
and your IraveT. For, Firft, They wilt never meet together And

X next^

^) S\A, Ccvfatr Lib. %. t. i«|, VtlliM it ScUst, MtOu P, }t7. Dtatfiv AaSt. W MtlrO'i Mtnoln ?<(. 91,

U The Life 0/ JAMHS BASSANTIN. V(,l. \\\^

r^^'^^^y^ nevt 1'\ie\ lali never do amThmq ei\(^ hut dt\\emhimi and fecret

An. 1568. fit.^'i •» •■"■J ' , •/ /'?■.•• I Yir I

'^^'^^ Hittred for n Wlnle. and at length Captivity and utter nrack to our
^een from r.ni!;laiicl. My Brother anrwcrcd, That he liked not to
hear of Juch T)cvilif} News, nor yet xoould he m any fort credit
them, as being falfe, ungodly and unlawful for Chnjlians to meddle
zvith. Banannn anCucicJ him, Good Mr. Mclvil, entertain not that
harfh Opinion of me, J am a Chrtjlian of your own Religion, and
fears God, and purpofeth never to my felf any of the unlawful yfrts
yoH mean, hut fo far as Mclaiidhon zvho was a godly Theologue, hath
declared laivful and daily read in divcrje Chrifian Vniverfities,
hi zvhich as in all other Jrts, God gives to Jome lej's, and to others
clearer Knowledge, by the zvhich Knoivledge, I have attain d to under-
Jland, that at length the Kingdom of E ni^luiul jhall of Right fall to
the Crown of Scotland, and that at this Infant there are Jome born
zv/ja Jhall brook Lands and Heritages in Kiiglaiid : But alace ! It
vjill coj} many their Lives, and many bloody Battles will be Jought ere
Things be Jettled or take Effe^- ^nd by my Knowledge (adds he)
the Spaniards zvill be Helpers, and zoill 'take a part to themjelves for
their Labour, zvhich they zvill be loath to leave again. All which
came to pais, flive the laft Article, and yet even in that there
was fo much Truth, that in the Year 1588, the Spaniards invaded
England with a Dcfign to conquer it, but God fruftrated their Hopes

by a Tern pert.

This Gentleman has obliged the Republic!: of Learning, widi a
ctL^wTbBook upon the^/^oAi^f anditsUfefulnefs, a large Folio upon Artro-
nomy, befides which, Vempfter fliys, that he wrote a Book of Ho-
lofcopes, a Book upon the Mufick of the Platonifis, and a Book
upon die Mathematicks in General, but we fhall only take notice
ot the Rife and Progrefs of Aftronomy, in which our Author excel-
led all the Mathematicians of his Age.

It is noways to be doubted, but diat there was fome Kind of
""''o'^.ifiObfervations upon the Celeftial Bodies, as foon as tlicie were Men,
c»'*Aft°tnV^QpfuJei-ina that glorious Speiftacle wliich the Heavens conftantly
"'"" prefent us^with, for Men could not have Eyes, and not fix them
upon thefe glorious Bodies of the Sun, Moon and Stars, they could
not look to the Sun, without obferving the daily Change of his
rlaces in his rifing and fetting at certain Times of the Year, and
that in his diurnal Arch he fometimes approached nearer the Earth
than at other Times, upon which the different Seafons of the Year
did follow, neither could they look upon the Moon, without ob-
ferving her feveral Shapes and Dreifes of Li^ht, from which, and
her periodical Circuits, the Nations meafured their Times and Sea-
fons, becaufe thofe Periods fucceeded much more frequently than
the Eredlions and DeprelTions of the Sun. And Lafly, They could
not behold that beautiful Shew of the Stars in the Night, without
obferving likewife their Variations according to the Variety of the
Seafons, or although it was lon^ before Mankind came to enquire
into the Caufes of thefe Celertial Changes and Variations rertrained

to

Vol. ill. The Life 0/ J A M H S B A SS A N T 1 N. %y

to fee Peiiods, yet as we have faid, they obferved them from the 'n^v^
very firft Age, and not only admired, but alfo accommodated what ^^vC
they obferved to the Ufes of their Lives and their Succeflbrs. Now
to pafs by the fabulous Accounts of Jofcphus, we find by tiie fac-
rcd Writ, that in tlic Days of Mofes or before that Time, the Stars
had been rang;ed and difpofed into certain ^Jlcrifms, according
to fome certa'in Method or Artificial Theory tlien in ufe, for we
find by the Book of fol;, whom fome fuppofc to have lived before
c^ofes, and others to have been wrote by Mofes, the Conftella-
tions of aAriiurus, Orion and the Hjades (a) and tiie Book of
Wijdom (b) fays, That God ga-oe to Solomon among other Things^
to under Jl and the Courfe of the Tear, and the Diff oft t tons of the Stars^
and that it was a certain profeHed Art of great Antiquity amono-
the Chaldeans, we learn from Jfaiah, who tells us, (c) That at Ba-
bylon they did contemplate the Stars, and compute the Months, timt
from them they might foretell Things to come. To pafs over the
obfcure or fabulous Remains of Time, wherein CceIhs, oAtlas, HeJ-
perus, the yltlantides and Pleiades, Mercury, Saturn, Jupiter, Phae-
ton, Hyperion, Japetus, Prometheus, 'D^dalus, Icarus,j4treus and They-
effes, Hercules and Jphitus, Orpheus,Palamedes and otiiers were Aftro-
nomers. And the learned Gajjendus (d) has interpreted all the Fa-
bles concerning tiiem, to be nothing but the Knowledire they had
in Aftronomv. To pafs over ( I ^y ) thefe fabulous"" Times, to
come to the hiftorical where we have Certainty, we find the Contro-
verfy concerning the firfl: Rife of Aftronomical Obfervations, lyes
betwixt tlie Egyptians, ^Babylonians and Grecians, but the Grecians
have little to plead for themfelves, for P/^/o gives over the Pretence,
(e) for faith he. The frfl that made fideral Jnfpe^ions, xvas a
Barbarian, 4 more ancient Nation than ours, bred thofe Men who
fir (I dc-votcdlheir Minds to that Study, in refpeii of the Summer-like
Serenity and Pcrjpicuity of the Air, fuch as Egypt enjoys, and Syria,
zvhere all the Stars are clearly 'uifible, and no Cloud or Mifls to objcurc
the beautiful Face of the Heavens. And it's certain, that if we except
die Inftitution of the Olympick Games by Hercules, and the Refto-
jration of diem, after fome IntermiiTion hyjephytus, which happe-
ned about 800 Years before Chrift, and (ome Places in the Wri-
tings of Ho?ner and Hefiod, who lived near that Time or not long
before ; tiic Grecians can lay Claim to no Monuments of their Ob-
fervations of the Heavens older tiian Thales, who flourilK'd about
600 Years before Chrift : So the whole Controversy lyes betwixt the
Egyptians ^nd Chaldeans. Tofeph'us (f) gives the Honour to the
Chaldeans, 2ind Plato (g) '\Diodorus, Lucian, Achilles Tatius Sind
others, bring fuch Authorities for each Party, that it's not pofiibleto
dcternjine in it, jD/Wor«j tells us, T'/'rf/ //?f Chaldeans apply d them-
JelvQs to thefe Studies for Four hundred and three Thoujand Tears,
and Cicero fays, (h) That the Egyptians had Obfervations of fof*f

X 1 hundred

(«) Chap. y. il)Ci.ip. 7. ujUup.47. (i; 1>« vna fc Procrclt AAitm. ^<) 1<> £p iuo. ( / ) Ub. Ami). Lib, I. (f )
li> iipinom. (,*) Uk. AotJi, UW. I.

All. I}6li.

^ q^he Life of ] AMES BASS ANT IN. Vol. Iff.

hundred thonjand and Jeventy Tears (landing, and Laertias (a) ray<j,
CT/jfv /?it^ them for four Imndred and nine thoufand Tears ; in which
fron-i the Time of Vulcan the Son of Nintis^ to tliat of yllexander
of cy^ncedon, there happened of Eclipfes of tlic Sun three hundred
fcventv three, and of the Moon eight hundred thirty two : lUit if
we examine narrowly all this boafted of Antiauity, we fhall find it
come far fhort of their Reckonings. For Pltny writes (1^), That
Bififencs found no Obfervations amongfl the Bahlonians of above
Icvcn hundred and twenty Years Anticjuity, and thofc engraven on
artificial Tylcs or Slates ; and the mofl: ancient Eclipfes deduced
from them, were trandnitted to Ptolomy about the fame Number of
Years before Chrill by the great Hyparchm and to the fame
Time belongs what Berofus and Critodemus fay, That in tlieir Days
there were e.xtant no Obfervations of more than four hundred and
thirty Years, as Pliny tells us ; and Calif henes, who went to the
Chaldeans expreOy, to know what Obfervations they had, by the
Perfwalion of oArifotle, as Simpltcius informs us (c), fays, That
they had none beyond a thoufand nine hundred and three Tears Pafy
commencing from Ninus the Son of Belus, and firjl King of the
Affyrians. From all whicii it is plain, that the Antiquity of their
Obl'ervations are not above one thoufand and ninety Years before
Alexander the Great.

But after all this Pother for the Antiquity of thefe Obfervations,
thofe of the Egyptians amounted to nothing at all, and thofe of
the Chaldeans to very little, for the Egyptians are faid to have ob-
ferved the Kifing of the Dog Star and lome other not very difficult
Appearances obvious to the Eye of any Perfon ; But there are no
Remains delivered to Pofterity of their Obfervations, witii the exadt
.Defil^nations of the Time, as they ought to have done, and from
the Chaldeans we have as litde ; befides, thefe Eclipfes mentioned
in Ptolomy, but when we fpeak of the Egyptians, as the learned
(Jajjendus has obreived (d). Wemutfl except Ptolomy liimfelf, and
fome others who lived and fludied at Alexandria, about Three
Hundred Years before the Nativity of our Saviour, and after Ale-
xander, as Timocharis, Eratofthenes and Hipparchus, for all thefe
were Grecians or to be accounted amongft the Grecians, in refpecft
of the Lan"ua2,e they ufed and wrote in, rather than amongft the
ancient Egyptians, by whofe Inventions even Ptolomy their own
Country Man was but little aflifted : But to be a little more par-
ticular as to their Difcoveries, they having obferved that fome Stars
moved in Courfcs contrary to the Weft, they begun to think tliat
thefe Appearances happened not without natural Caufes, and ha-
ving as Diodorus informs us, moftly obferved the five wandring
Stars, and that they kept almoft the fame Courfe as the Sun and
Moon, they thereupon pointed out the Zodiack, which they divi-
ded into twelve Parts, whicli thev called Signs, becaufe die Moon
runs it over twelve Times, and tlie Sun only once in a Year, and

according

C4) Id tpmoD. Ci) D« Divio. CO Lib. J. C*p. j«. (^) tioU Alnugeft. Lib. 4.. C. 6.

Vol. III. The Life of JAMES EASSANTIn! g^

according to tlie Number ot the Days, during Vvhich tiie Sun was ^^^
in paflin^ througli one Sign ; they diftinguifhed each Sign into thirty ^<S^
Tarts whicii we call Degrees. Now the Way they took of diftin-
giiifhing the Zodiack^ is thus recorded by Sixtits Empiricus and
Q^acrob'tHs (a). They rook a Vefl'el witli a fmall Hole in the
Bottom, and filling it with Water, fuffered it to diftil Drop by Drop
into another VefTel placed beneatli it, to receive it ; and this from
the Moment of the rifing of one Star or other, obferved in one
Niglit, until the Momentof its rifing again the next Ni^ht follow-
ing, the Water fallen down in the Receiver, they divided into
twelve equal Parts ; and having two other fmaller VefTels in readi-
ncfs, each of tiiem fit to contain one twelfth Part of the Water, they
again poured all tlie Water into tiie upper Veffel, and ft ridly mark-
ing tlie rifing of fome one Star in the Zodiack, they at tiie fame
Time let the Water diftil into one of the fmaller Veffcls, and (o
foon as that was filled, obferving likewife another rifing Star, they
put under another fmall Veflel, and fo alternately ftiifting the fmall
Veflels, they noted, if not in one Night, vet in many, the twelve
Stars, by which they might difcriminate the whole Zodiack into
twelve equal Parts. Sixtus Empiricus likewife tells us, That the
Chaldeans taking it for granted that the future Fortunes of Men did
depend on clieir particular Sign rifing at their Birth, which we call
Horofcope, when they had a mind to divine in this kind, two of thefe
wife Men agreed together in the Calculation of the Nativity of the
Perfon propofed, the one ftood by the Mother in Travel, and the
otiier on fome high Place near at Hand ; and as he that was below
gave- the Sign of the Infant's being born, the other took care to
obfcrvc the Sign tiiat was juft then newly rifen. Macrobius (h) telli
us, That when the Egyptians would know the Diameter of the Sun,
tliey had in ieadine(s a Veftel of Stone, hollowed to the Form of
an Hemijphere, exadlly made with a Stile or Gnomon ere(fted m the
middle of twelve Horary Lines drawn within ; and on the very Day
of the Equinox, obferving the Moment when the upper Limhus of
tiie Sun mft ftiowed it felf above the HoriZjOn^ tliey marked tiiat
Place on the Brim of the Vcftel on which the Gnomon c^Si its Shadow,
tlien again marking that Place on which the Sliadow ended, wlien
tlie lower Limbtis of the Sun's Body appeared, juft above the Edge
of tiie Horiz^on they meafured tlie Space or Diftance betwixt the
two Marks of tiie Sliadows, and found it to be the oth Part of an
Hour, or the hundred and eigiitii Part of tiie Hemifphere ; and con-
fcqucntly the two hundred and fixteenth Part of its wiiole Orb, or
one Degree and an hundred Minutes. Tliey had likewife another
Way to commenfurate the Diiuneter of the Sun by a Veftel of Wa-
fer flowing down tiie whole Day, wliich had dropt till the Sun was
fully rifen. And Cleomedes hatli declared, that tliis Way of mea-
furing by Water falling flowly and equally from Veflel to Veflel,
was owing entirely to the Egyptians : And as for their Edipfes, all

y that

0*; Lmf*. AlcoL t, Mucok. Id $«mii. »l. (*) Uld. C<^ ^•^

8d "Tf^e Life of JAMtS HASSANTIN. Vd. Ilf.

jj^lf*^^ that we have oF them is only (even oi the Moon, prcfcrvcci in
*^^v*»^ Ptolomys Syntuxis; but thcCe arc but very coarfcly fct down, ant)
the olclcrt not much above 700 Years before Chrift : I <;iy, that
the Eclipfes of tlie Egyptians and Chaldeans were but coarlely fct
down ; for they were not taken from the Motions of the Sun and
Moon, cxadly calculated by the Help of Tables, but having lear-
ned from common Experience, that every nineteenth Year Eclipfes
did return upon the fame Day, for the mod Part, thereupon rhey
endea\oured to predidl what Eclipfes wc5uld happen, and the Time
when ; and this was after they had perceived not any Anomaly in
the Sun, but fomc certain Inequality in the Moon ; which reducing
to a Medium, they concluded that tlie Moon did every Day run
through thirteen Degrees, and a little more than one (Ixth Tart of
a Degree, as Giminus ob(erves of tlie Chaldeans ; but in tiie Pre-
didlions of the Lunar Eclipfes, they were fomewhat more confi-
dent, as well becaufe tliefe Eclipfes ufi.ially return for the duec
Ages next fucceeding within the Compafs of the fame Days, as
becaufe it is very rare in rcfped: of die Grcatnefs of the Earth's
Shadow, but the Moon, either in the Whole, or fome Part of her,
more or lefs falls into it : But becaufe (as to Solar Eclipfes) the
Moon is both fo fmall, and hath fo large a Paralax, as that flie doth
not for the moft; part intercept the Eight of the Sun from the Earth :
Therefore, fays ^Diodoms, fpeaking oi' t\\c Babylonians, That theydtirjl
not determine Eclipfes of the Sun to come to any certain Time, but if
they prediiled any, it was alzvays zvith this Condition, tofa've their Cre-
dit in cafe of failing, if the Gods be not prevailed upon by Sacrifices and
Prayers to avert them : It cannot be denied but the Egyptians were
appryfedof the Sun's being the Center ofourSyflem, forfucii was tlie
Dodrine of Pythagoras, Philolaus and fome otliers, who travelled in-
to thefe Parts, and Macrobius tells us, that they affirmed that Venus
and QyHercHry moved round about the Sun as their Center ; but
chat which they cultivated mofl:, was Judicial Aftrology, for fo
much did they afcribe to the Zodiack, that the Babylonians thought
that each Decimal of Degrees, or Thirds of rhe Sio;ns, and the
Egyptians came as low as to each fingle Degree, could not be var-
ried in the Rifing, but fome eminent Variation muft happen, ef-
pecially in him who was to be born at that Time, and therefore
the Egyptians made a great Circle of Gold, defcribed by 'Diodorns
of a Cubit in Thicknefs, and Three hundred and fixty five Cubits
in Circumference, and upon the Space of each Cubit, vvas infcri-
bed each Day of the Year, and what Stars did rife and {&i that Day,
nay the very Hour of their refpe(5tive rifing and fettin^, and what
they did fignify, and whereas, others were ufed to aflign the Form
of fome Animal or other, to each ten Degrees. They affigned one
to each fingle Degree, and fo made their conjedlural Predicftions
accordingly ; thus to the firft Degree of ytries, thev afTigned the
Figure of a Man holding a Sickle or Hook in his' right Hand, and
a Sling in his left. To the fecond a Man with a Dog's Head, his

right

Vol. iJl. The Life 0/ J AMES JJASSANTIN. 87

right flrccched forth, and a Staff in his left, and fo of the reft, then^^;-^^^
annexing tlie Station to each, they determined that lie wlio fliould^-^V^
have the firft J)egrce oi Aries for Ins Horofcope, lliould be feme part
of his Life a Husband-man, and die reft of it a Soldier," that he
who ftioiild be born under the fecond, ftiould be contentious," quar-
relfom and envious, and fo of the reft, all which the Reader will
find in Scaltger, deduced from jihen Ezj-a^ from all \fhich it evi-
dently appears, that Aftronomy was but in its Infancy amoncft
them, till it was further improven by the Grecians^ to whom we
owe all the old Obfervations of the Planets, Equinoxes and To-
picks.

The firft amon^ft the Creeh that wrote any Thing concerning
the Stars, was Hejiod^ who in his Book of Weeks and Days, teach-
cth Husband-men the moft opportune Times of Reapin^T and
Sowing, and other Labours of Agriculture^ from the rifing and fet-
ting of the Pleiades and feveral other Stars, but all that can be
learned from him and Homer is, /)r/?. That the ancient Greeks
principally attended to thefe Rifings and Settings of the Stars, diat
they might diftinguifti the feveral Seafons of tlie Year; that they
might foreknow Rain, Wind and other Difpofitions of the Air,
ufually attending thefe Seafons, fo that many of them compofed
Parapegmata^ Tables, Ephemerides or 'Diaries, in wiiich t!icy infcri-
bed each Day of the Year, with the particular Stars rifing and fet-
ting on each Day, and what Mutations of the Air each one did por-
tend, idly, Not only amongft the Grecians, but amongft diverfe
other Nations, beyond all Memorials, eitherof Tradition or Books,
the Stars were reduced to certain Images or Conftellations, and de-
nominated according to the various Fancies of Men in tiicfe diffe-
rent Nations : But at firft the Grecians had only eleven Signs in their
Zodiack, and it was long after before they added the twelfth.

Tlie next to Hejiod amongft the Greeks, who improved Aftrono-
my, was Thales (^Milefms, fo called, becaufc he was born at Mile-
turn, Eudemus in Laertius fays, {a) That he was tlie firft that pre-
didlcd tlie Eclipfesand Converfions of the Sun, and amongft others,
Vliny tells us, that he predidcd that notable Eclipfe of the Sun,
which happened {h) in the Time of the War betwixt the Medes
and L^dians about 600 Years before Chrift, but as the learned Ga^"
fendus obferves, (c) this was not done by Calculation, but that ha*
ving newly come out of Egypf, he had learned there, that Eclipfes
generally return upon the lame Day after the fpace of nineteen
Years, and having taken notice of one that fell out nineteen Years
before, he concluded tiiere would be one at fuclia Time, helike-
^vife added the Conftellation of the Lejjer Wain, which was found
out by him. And Apuleius fays, (d), That he was the firft that
found out the Motions and oblique Tradh of the fyderal Lights,
Anaximandtr Thalii his Difciple i$ faid to be the firft who diftO-
Vercd the Obliquity of the Zoaiack, (e) but how could ThaUs his

Y I Maftcr

U) Is rlu ThiltiiJ. H) Lib. 4. Op, 11. (0 0« artt fc pfogrcb AAroa, (V) Lib. i. (0 >*>>>• Lib. ii. Op. I.,

88 The Life 0/ JAMES BASSANTIN. Vol. JIf.

A^^ Multer be ignorant ot" the Obliquity of the Zodiacki wild had been

""^"V**- To lonf» in E^ypt, and iiad written of the Solflice': and Ilqiiinoxcs?

It is wuli much more Rcafon, that Vltny (a) and Laertius fay (/>),

That he was the firfl; that made a Sphere, aflerted the globular Form

of the Earth, that it was the Center of this Syftem, and invented a

Gnomon, by which the Converfions of the Sun, or the Solftices and

Equinoxes were indicated, which he fet up at L^cf<^(rwo/?, but this

lart, wliich Laert'ms imputes to oAnaxiniander, Pliny (c) attributes

to his Difciplc r^y^naxifnenes, who was the firO: that taught (d) that

the Moon borrowed iier Light from the Sun, and was eclipfed by

the Interpofition of the Earth betwixt her and the Sun : About this

Time hkewife flouriOicd Pythagoras, who was the firfl that difco-

vered that the Morning and Evening Star was the fame Star, and he

was the firfl: that taught that the Sun was the Center of this Uni-

verfe, and that this Earth, as well as all the refl; of the Planets

moved round about the Sun, as we learn from two of his Difciples,

Phtlolaus and ^rijlarchus, cited by oArifiotle and oydrchirnedes.

And Ttrn&Hs (f), another of his Difciples held. That the Earth was

not fo much moved about the Sun, as daily turned round upon

an Axis of its own ; therefore he is efteemed by Synejins, after

Plato as the mofl: excellent Aft:ronomer. What Cltojlratus, Meton,

Cal/ipos and Hjpparchus did in their Emendations of Tjme, we fhall

afterwards have an Occafion to give an Account of in the Hiftory

of the Roman /Calendar. And the next great Improver of Afl;rono-

my is Endoxiis, who was cotemporary with Plato and ^rijlotle :

This Author having travelled into Egypt, and having learn'd all

that was amongfl; them ; and finding that not only tiie Sun and

Moon, but alfo the five errant Stars did keep their Courfes round

in the Zodiack ; and fo that as well the Sun and Moon as the five

wandring Stars did fometimes vary their Latitude, or deviate from

the Ecliptick Line in the middle of the Zodiack, for he thoimiit

the Sun was alfo extravagant as well as die refl: ; and again, that

the other Planets did not only go forward, but were alfo fometimes

upon their Retreat backward, and fometimes made a Halt, or flood

ftill pondering in his Mind all thofe various Motions, and thinking

what might be the Reafons thereof in Nature ; he at lafl: imagined

to himfelf, that befides the ^planes or Spheres of fixt Stars, which

ht\no fupfeme, carried all the refl toward the Wefl : There ought

alfo to be allowed three other Spheres as well to the Sun as to the

Moon, and four to each one of the errant or wandring Stars, of

which the highcfl: ftiould follow the Impreflion of the fixed Stars,

or the primum Mobile : The next to that fhould move counter to

the firft, or toward the Eafl:, and the third make the Deviation from

the Ecliptick, or Middle of the Zodtack, and the fourth or loweft^,

caufe in the Stars their Direftion, Station or Retrogradation, and

that by a certain Vibration, or wavering to and fro again ; fo that

he

t«) Plio, lab. 8. Op. i. U) In *>'• ^»''> 0) Ub' fT- C-O l-»e«. '■> vit. An»rijn. (») Aiiftot.de Cselo j. C ij. Arch

Amur.

IK lUtOMt,

Vol.111. The Life of JAMES BASS ANT IN. S9

Ii(? fuppofccl in all tu-cnty feven Spheres, and allthofe Conccntiical,^;^^
that the Superior might carry on the Inferior, and thcfe might be^-<'^v/'^
turned round within thofe. Afterwards Callipus joined two Spheres
to the Sun, two to the Moon, and one a piece to Q^tirs, [^enm
and Mercury, and fo made thirty three ; and ^rijlotle to all Spheres
that did not follow the yiplanes or Primum Mobile, excepting only
the Lunar Spheres, added as many more, which he called the
Renjohcntoms, to the End he might conform them to the Motion
of the inerrant Spiiere or Primum Mobile, and fo in the whole he
conftituted fifty fix Spheres. Now all thefe with whom Plato agreed,
thought that the Moon was the loweft of all the Planets ; next to
her the Sun^ and above the Sun the five wandring Stars. Neither
did Jrchimcdes, who lived above an Age or two atter them, place
them in any other Order than in this : Next to Eudoxus, Ttmocharis
is to be rcmembred, who about three hundred Years before Chrill,
among other Things relating to the fixt Stars, obfcrved. That that
Star which is callccl Spica Virginis, doth antecede the Point ot the
Autumnal Equinox by eight Degrees ; with him we are likewife to
join hisCotemporary jlrifiillus, whofe Obfervations P/o/c;w)' made
great Ufe of (a), in order to his demonftrating that the fixed Stars
never change their Latitude : Aratus not long after emitted a Poem,
called Phenomena, or ^appearances, tiie Occafion of which arofefrom
this, Eudoxus, partly out of the Egyptian Figures, and partly ouc
o( the Grecian, furnifhed the whole Zodiack with Images refembling
the Afterifms as Men had fancied to themfelves, and caufed them
to be drawn upon a Glob or folid Sphere, being the firft of that
kind that ever was done : And Jlratus thinking this to be a proper
Subjcd for a Poem, made die Attempt under the Patronage of
.Antigonus Conatas King o^ (^Macedon ; and although fome of the
Jtiilum and French Criticks have defpifed his Performance, becaufe
of the Barrennefs of the Subjcdf, yet it has met with fuch Reception
amongfl: the Ancients, that tliere are extant no lefs than fouvty Creek
Commentaries upon it, befides thefe of Germanicus C/ifar, CicerOj
Jvienus, and other Latin Interpreters : It is true, that Cicero (b)
accufes him of being a very bad Aftrologer, but acknowledges diat
he was a very good Poet. 'Tivas a conMed Point (fays he) amongft
the Learned, that Aratus, a cy'kfan utterly ignorant of AJlrology had
uritten mofi elegant Verfes about the Heavens and the Stars, and
that Nicandcr of Colophon 'vas beholden for his Georgicks to his
Jccfuaintance ivith the Mujes, not to his Knowledge of the Country^
And from this PafTagc of Ciceros, a blundering Story has been
formed by fome of our modern Criticks, who tell us, That King
^ntigonus merely for the Jefts faks commanded Aratus, who was
liis I'hyfician, to write of the heavcnlv Bodies, and Nicander his Poet,
of the Art of Medicin } whereas Aratus and Nicander were fo far
from being Cotemporaries, that there were near twenty Olympiads
betwixt tliem (cj, the former living in the Time of the firft Ptolomy

Z J^ing

(') l.tb. 7. C ». }. tt) UcOrtiorc. (<) Mr. K-fniHl'l Uyw of lb* CrccUn Poc", P. >;*

no The Life of JAMLS BASSANTIN. Vol. III.

'^'-A-^ Kill" o^ Enpty and tlic other under the (ifth I'rincc of t!iat N\ii;f, :
^A/^^ And all th*:!! I fhall Further fay of this celebrated J'hyfician and
rocr, is what is obferved of liim bv a pohreWrircr of this Aj',c6/),
'^fhiit the hitroff.iiition to this Work is writ with fiuh a Strain of
Scnje, of IVit and of Religion, that if it docs not chann Men to look
nnite tfyrongh the room, yet ivill engage thcw to allow that frf
Jl'jay, the Fraife of an entire Labour. And becaufe it is indeed a
Mailer-piece, I fhall put it here down, for th.c Reader's SarisfadHon,
tlnis tranflated from the original Cicek, as inferred by Bafd
Kcitnet.

By Mr. KENNET{h), m his Life of ylratus.

Of mortal Strains, Jo\'c claims the opning Lays

Necr to he mijsd, or left, without our Fraife ;

Jove diffused with eternal htflncnce,

fills wore thans fuhjeit to our narrow Senfe.

His Hand the fpacioHs Earth compacted holds.,

Mark'd into ^various Trads, and 'various Moulds.

Nor with Icfs Force he bittds the Multitude,

In Towns and Tribes, to ivhat is for their Goody

Blown by his Breath, the Sea beats on the Shore,

But can ivith all its Rage proceed no more

Than lohat he's marked on the fandy Plain,

^nd Jinks with Murninrings in the Depth again.

Jove ivith a common Maintenance fupplies

The Products of the Earth, the Sea and Skies :

All live upon their bounteous Father's Store,

PVIjo gives them zvhat's fuffcient, and no more.

For not indulgent of a lazy Race,

He i^jjigns to each his proper Task and Place.

By Hunger prompt, he jhozvs us when the Soil

Js fitted for our Labour, and our Toil.

The various Seafons, and the Proper Scat

For Seeds and Grains, and when to Jow and reap.

Him therefore firfl and lafi, ive'll praife and ferve

With earnejl Offerings, as he does deferve.

Hail Father ! Hail, eternal Miracle,

Eternal Help, eternal Goodnefs, Hail:

And the firfl born of Jove, / implore your Aids,

Jf not unworthy of your Care, the Maids

Ajjifi and raije my Numbers to my Theme

Worthy of you, and of his greater Name.

Much about the fame Time Conon lived, who added the Con-
ftellation of Q.ucen Berenice's Hair, on which Callimachus makes
the following Epigram, of which we only have the Latin Tranflation
by Catullus, wherein the Star is fuppofed to fpeak and comple-
ment

(<•) Kcaact, ubi fupra. (i) la the LivN of the Cr(cl<n Poets,

Vol. ill. The Lije 0/ j AMES BASSANTIN. 91

ment its Miftrifs, by faying that it was a "reater Honour to t)elonij ;^y,^
to the Queen's Head, than to have a Place amongft the Conftef-'<^'>^
lations.

S{d quanqunm me no6fe tremtmt 'vcjligia 'Dhum,

Luce autcm cartA Tcthyi rcjlituor^
2^on his tarn Utor rebus, quam me ahforc femper,

ylbfore mc a domiriii •vcrtice difcrticior.
Sidera cur retinent ? utinctm coma rcgia fiam^

Proximus KiCiums fulgent Erigone.

But tho all Night, homttrd vjith Feet di'vini^
j4nd lodgd zvith Tethys zvhen J cenfe to JhinCy
Th' unequal Glory banip'd J contemn,
iBaniJhd for euer from my princely Dame.
Te (jod's reflore me to that f acred Head,
And let Arduie, unparted court his o^aid.

Not long after tliefe, lived Arijiarchus and tsArchimedes, Men
well known to the Republick ot" Letters, for their prodigious Know-
ledge ; but more famous for their Difcoveries in Geometry, than
Aftronomy. Yet ue have a Book of the former, concerning the
Alagnitudes and Diflances of the Sun and Moon ; and the latter
made a Sphere reprefentine the various Motions of the Planets,
according to the Syftem of Eudoxus, o( which Cicero Cajs (a), That
he colle^ed together the Motions of the Sun, Moon, and five wandrin^
Stars, in the doing of zvhich, , he did the fame as tbi't Cod, zvho in
Plato's Timscus framed the World, that one and the fame Converftort
iTiight regulate fundry Motions, mofi different each from other in
Slowness and Swiftnefs. Next to them was Eratoflhenes, Library
keeper to Ptolomy, Euergetes, King of-EgyPt, who obferved the
Biftances of the Tropicks, and perlwaded the Kin^ to fet up the
ArmilU in the Porticus o( Alexandria (b) for obferving the Ccc-
leftial Motions, which Htpvarchus and Ptolomy afterwards made ufe
of, and h'e hijnfelf amonglt other Things, obferved that the Obli-
quity of the Zodiack was of Twenty three Degrees and Fifty one
jfvlinutes, which Account Hipparchus and Ptolomy conrtantly adhe-
red to. His Method of meafuring the Circuit of the Earth, we
have given an Account of, in the fecond Volume of this Work,
(c) And now we proceed to tlie great Hipparchus^ wiio flourifhed
about One hundred and fourty Years before Clirift, this great Man
was the firfl who brought Aftronomy to any Perfedlion, he finding
that Ttmocharis Obfervarion was not very exacft^, yet becaufe him-
fclf had found that tlie Spica Virginis did not antecede the Equi-
noxial Point by more tlian fix Degrees, and the other Stars in the
like Proportion, from thence he underftood that the fi^x'd Stars al-
fo were moved Eaft-ward according to the Zodiack, and thereupon
wrote % Book of t!ie Tranfgreflion of the Solftices and Equinoxes,

Z 1 and

U) D« douui. O) l;'t*l«a Ub, J, C*r, II. CO Pi|. M.|

rhe Life o/'jAMES BASSANTIN^ Vf)l. III.

An. i5(;s.

and a new Scar luiviiv^ appeared in his Time, tliereForc fays f/my
(a\ He bc^tm to doult ivhether the like havpcned often or not, and^
Zihethcr thofc St.irs that it ere thought to be fixed, hiul nljo fome cer-
tain Motion peculiar to thenifclves, wherefore he attempted al'ask of
1)iffcidt), jtifficient e'ven for the God's ther/i [elves, namely to num-
ber the Stars for Poferity, <^nd reduce the heavenly Lights to a Rule,
Jo that by the help of Jnfrnments invented, the particnlar Tlace of each
one, together loith its Magnitude, mipht' be exaiily defined, andzvhere-
i\ Men fnifht difcem not only whether they difappcared or newly ap-
peared, biit alfo zvhethcr they removed their Stations : yis likcwife,
whether their '.Magnitude increafed or diminifhed, leaving Heaven
for an Inheritance to the Wits of fucceeding ^ges, if any were found
yiciite and Jndufrioiis enough to comprehend the myflerioHs Orders
thereof. And this was the hrfl Time, when tlic Places of the fixed
Stars were obferved and marked out according to Lon<^itudc and
.Latitude, and diat Catalogue of die fixed Stars wliich lie compo-
icd, is the fame which Ptolomy lias inferred in his Almageft, without
Mliich Catalogue, %s an eminent Aflronomer of our Age (b) there
zvonld be Jcarce fnch a Science as Jjlronomy. But this was not all,
for he denoted what Pofitions fundry Stars had in refped of each
other, whether they were pofited in a right Line or triangular Form,
as in a Qiiadrate or Square, ti^c. And tho' the Motions of the Sun
and Moon were already in fome Meafure known, yet he made that
Knowledge mucii more exad, for he did not only very much cor-
red t\\c Callipick Period, of which I fhall give an Account in the
Hiftory of the Calendar, but alfo having colledfed a long Series of
Lclipfes, namely from the Time of thofe BabylonifJ) ones, in the
Days of Mtrdocempades, down to tiiofe obferved by liimfelf for fix
hundred Years together, and remarking that neither the like Eclip-
fes did return on the fame Days after the fpace of every nineteen
Years, or after fome Recourfes of ten Novennales or ten Times nine
Years, any fuch Eclipfes happened at die Time fuppofed, and that
the Caufe thereof confiftcd both in the various Latitude of the
Moon, and the Anticipation of her Nodi or Knots, andherexcen-
tricity, bv reafon whereof, her Motions to her ylpogAum were
found to be Ibmetimes flower, and thofe to her Perigmm with
"reater Swiftnefs, dierefore to fatisfy the World, he gave them his
Reafons for thefe Difficulties, and formed an Hypodiefisof his own
for that End ; and according to this Hypothefis, he compofed
certain Tables, by which he could fafelv and exadlly calculate and
predi(5t, what Eclipfes were to follow, now great they were, and
Avhen, and this is Pliny s. Meaning, when after he had fpoken of
Thales and Sulpitius Callus, he makes mention of Hipvarchus, fay-
ing, (c) ylfter thefe, Hipparchus/orfro/^ the Courfe of both Lumi-
naries for fix hundred Tears to come, comprehending the Month, "Days
and Hours of Nations, and the Situations of Places, and Turns of
People, his j4ge tepfying that he did all thefe Things only as he zoiis

Partaker

— — ^— ^^^ ■■ .^^^m^mt 1 ■ I. ■ ■■■! ■■ ■ ■■-■■ I , ■! — U^

{,•) Libi 2i C»p. JJ. (fc) Mr. H*i) in Ifotttm't ref, upon 4nc, and mod. Lcaroing, Pag, 31J, ■ (f) Ubi fnpu.

VoL III. The Life of JAMES BASSANTIN.

95

Partaker of Nature s CpMnfels. And h^ tliis oi Pliny ^ we find that^yV^
Hipparchus, bcfides the piecife Times when fuch or fuch Eclipfes ^^%^
were to be vifible to the HorizjOn of Rhodes or ^Alexandria, he
pointed fortli alfo fomc Countries and principal Cities, tofrether
with the Defignation of the Month in ii(c among them, as alTo the
very Days and Hours when eacli Eclipfe would happen, and other
Predidions concerning Rome, that fucceedcd in the Days of Pliny
yet notwithftanding ot" all this, finding that he was hot able to
furnifh himfelf either from the Egyptians his own Country Men, or
the Grecians with any competent Obfervations refpedlive to thofe
Tlanets, for as I have faid before, whilft tlie Places of the fixed
Stars remained unknown, it was impoilible any fuch fhould be made
and thofe that he had himfelf made, were of much fhorter Time
than was requifite for the eftablifhihg any Tiling certain and perma-
nent in tiiat Sort ; he therefore only digefted fuch Obfervations as
he had recorded by him, into the beft Order and Method he could,
and fo left them for their Ufe and Improvement wiio fhould come
after him, in Cafe any were found capable of underftanding and
improving upon them, and it is to the Subtilty and Diligence of
this great Man, fays Mr. Hally (a), That the World was beholding
for all its Aftronomy, for above a Thoufand five hundred Years aN
tec Hipparchi4s. In the 178 Olympiad Boun[hed Ceminus (I;) and
Theodofths, who were famous for their Knowledge in Aftronomy,
as likewife Sofigenes of ^Alexandria, by whole Help, the Emperor
"Julius C&far endeavour'd the Reformation of the Kalendar, An-
dromachus of Crete^ who publifhed a Theory of the Planets flouri-
Ihed under the Empire of Vefpaflan, and under the Empire of Domi-
tian, oAgrippa, who obferved a Conjundion of the Moon with
the Pleiades. At length the great Ptolomy appeared about a hun-
dred and thirty Years after our Saviour, he is efteemed the firft
Founder of Aftronomy, for although Hipparchus had indeed, as ic
were, hewn out the Materials of this noble Strucfture, yet Ptolomy
put diem in Order ; But with all due Acknowledgment to the Me-
rits of his Predeccft^or Hhparchus, his Predeceftbr, as we learn from
his own Words. The Time (fays he) (c) from whence we ha've the
Objtr'vations of the Planets Jet down, is Jo vaftly fhort, in Compari-
Jon of the Creatnejs of Coslejlial Vicijjitmes, that it renders ali Pre-
dill ions that are of an) great Number of Tears to come, infirm and
uncertain, and therefore J jud^e that Hipparchus, that z^ealous Lover
of Truth, confidering this Difficulty, and loithall, not receiving Jo
many true Oujervat tons from th( Ancients, as he bequeathed to usi
undertook indeed the Bupnejs of the Sun and Moon, and demonflrated
that it might be performed by equal and circular Motions ; yet as for
that of tbe Planets, thofe Commentaries of his, which have come thta
our Hands, clearly fhow that he attempted it not, but coUeCiing all his
own Objervaiions concerning them together in one Order and Method
for the tr more commodious Vfe, rcfigned them to the induflry of after

A a Ttmesj

(j) Ubi (vfu. U) VuOiui d( rtrcot. Mjibcm. (') Alaufiil, Lib. 9. C*r. >•

94

An. I $68.

The Life 0/ JAMES BASSANTIN. Vol. III.

Times, havinp- fir/l demonjlrated that they were not con^rtions to thofe
Hypothejef, xvhich the ^Mathematicians cf theje Days wade ufe of,
and for others, Jure I am, that either they demonjlrated nothing at
all, or elje attempted the Bii/inejs, and left it unfiriijhed, kit f [ippar-
cluis Lein^ eminently known in all Kinds of Learning, conceived that
he oHzht not as others had done before him, to attempt what he fhoald
not be able to accompHfi. By whidi we plainly fee, that Ptolomy was
the firrt who horn true Obfcrvatioiis reduced tlie Motion of t'he
Planets into Hypothefes and Tables conform to thefc Theories, and
this Book of Ptolomy s, called his Syntaxis, contains all the Dortrine
that could be advanced then concerning the Sun and Moon, the
fixt and wandrina, Stars, and is without difpute the outmoll Per-
fection of the ancient Aftronomy, nor was there any Thing in any
Nation before it comparable thereto, for which Reafon all the
other Authors thereot were difre^arded and loft, and amongft
them Hipparchus himfelf, and this Book was embraced as the
Standart of the Science for a Ion" Time bv the Egyptians, Gre-
iians, ^Arabians, Latins, and all thofe who devoted themfelvcs
to the Service of Vrania ; but not long after, Ptolomy, Theon and
Pappus, botli named ^Alexandrians from Alexandria in Egyfty
made a confidcrable Figure amongft the Aftronomers : Tiie hrft
by his Commentaries upon Ptolomy, and tlie other by his Mathe-
matical Colle(flions ; and from his having obfervcd, that about
400 Years before Chrift, the Obliquity of the Ecliptick was not fo
creat as Eratoflhenes, Hipparchus and Ptolomy had conceived but
near upon the fame that we difcover it to be in our Days : In the
ei"ht Century j4lbategnius, othcrwife called c^Iahomet Ara^enf/s,
from jiradea in Syria, made divers coeleftial Obfervations at ArtUa
and at Antioch, and found that the Apoq&um of the Sun fince the
Days of Ptolomy was advanced confiderably, and that the Stars did
regrefs towards the Eaft one Degree, not in the Space of an hundred
Years, as Ptolomy thought, but of fomewhat Icfs than feventy : As
alfo that the Obliquity of the Ecliptick, according to Pappus his
Theory was lefs, (viz,, above l^Degrees ^5 Minutes)with many other
Things concerning the firft Stars, and the Tlanets that are to be
foun(Jin his Book, of the Knowledge of the Stars, where he corredts
Ptolomy in many Things, and compo(ed new and more exad: Aftro-
nomical Tables than he had done. Not long after this, or as
Voffius thinks, before him, Almeon an Arabian King, in the Plains
of Singar near Babylon, obferved, that the greateft Declination of
the Sun was I J, 51, or as others have ir, z^, 34. Befides this Prince,
Aftronomy for fome Years remained amongft the Arabians, and
Allumafar, AlfragamuSy Az,z,achel, Elbennoz,ophim, and other
oArabians wrote (everal Things in Aftronomy ; but they and the
I ^fiyj corrupted it To with their Aftrological Fooleries, that no
Obfervations or Improvements were made in it, till about the Year
11-70, that Alphonjus King of Caftile and Leon taking great Delight
in Aftrological Predidions, which Science he had likewife ftudied

himfelf,

Vol. Jll. The Life of JAMES BASSANTIN. 95

himfelf, and findin" that not only Ttolomys Tables, but yilhateg- ^;^/^^
tiiuss were not exacfUy agreeable to the cocleftial Motions, he called *-^>/V
together as many Arabians and Jei^'S as were famous for their
Knowledge in Aftronomy, and they compofed new Tables, which
from iiim are called the aydlphonfian Tables^ and fometimes tiie
ToUtan Tables^ from Rabbi JJaak Hazjan Chanter of the Toletan
Synagogue, wiio was Prefident of this Affembly of Aftronomers :
But altho' this King fpent four hundred tiioufand Pieces of Gold in
tiiat Undertaking, Tor which his Memory ought to be held in per-
petual Veneration by all Lovers of Learning, yet they who were
employed in this great Work, were not fo Itridt in ftudioufly and
conftantly obferving what they themfelves, and otiicrs had really
obferved, as fcrupuloufly dire(fting their Calculations to certain
traditional Myfteries, or Cabaliftical Dreams. In the Year 1500,
Thebitius an Arabian, and Peophatius a Jew obferved fome fmall
Things about the Motion of the fixed Stars, and the Obliquity of
the Ecliptick. In the Year 1440, Cardinal Cufan made fome Cor-
recftions and Emendations upon the Alphonfean Tables; but about
50 Years after him, George Purbachius, and Joannes Regiowpntanus
his Difciplc revived the Study of Aftronomy, reducing Ttolomy,
providing Inftruments, and making a great many faithful Obferva-
tions : And amongft the reft, Regiomontanus obferved, That the
.Alphonjian Tables were wrong, as to the true Places of the fixt Stars
near two Degrees, accounting the Numbers of P/o/owy, as if they
had been conftituted by him from the Beginning of the Years of
Chrift ; but thefe two illuftrious Perfons were not fo happy as to
bring their Defi^n to that Perfection they had propofed to them-
felves, both of them dying in the Flower of their Age : But animated
by their Example about the Year 155(5, Nicolaus Copernicus, a
{Borujjian born, and Canon of the Cathedral Church of Warrnes^
revived the long negledted Pythagorean Syftem of tlie World, and
made many noble Obfervations, in Order to the compofing of the
new Tables ; but finding that he could not determine any Thing
concerning the fixt Stars, befides their Promotion Eaftward, whicn
they appeared to have made fince PtolomysTime, he therefore com-
pofed (ome Canons of their Motions, and thofe as exad as poflibly l^e
could ; yet finding that they did not exadlly anfwer to the Motions
of the Heavens, tno' they were much more accurately done than
the u4lphonfian Tables, with Modefty that can never be too much
commended, he exhorted that ingenious Gentleman George Joachi-
mus RheticuSy deeply enamour a with the Beauties of Aftronomyi
to apply himfelf principally to the Reftitution of the fixt Stars,
and chiefly of thole that were in the Zodiack, or near it, and with
which die Planets might be mod conveniently compared ; becauCe
without their Reftitution it was impoftiblc either to attain to the
true Places of the Planets, or to perform any Thing of Moment or
Certainty towards the Advancement of Aftronomy. And altho'
Joachim and Erafmut ReinhoUus, who compofed the Prutenick

A a I Tables

^5 n^e Life 0/ J A MES B ASSANTIN. Vol. Ill

'"^-''^^^ Tables did all tiiat he could, yet nothing confidcrabic wit$ done,
w^vv till Tycho Brache a truly noble 'Dane cntrcd upon the Theatre of
Aftronomv, this Nobleman from his Infancy was fo plcafcd ^vith
the beautiful Profpecfl of the Heavens, that he entirely addicted
himfclf to the Study of Albonomy, in which he excelled all that
ever went before him ; a new Star having appear'd in the Kcgin-
nin<T of Nove7nber, i 571, in the Conflellation oiCajJiopeia for above
lixteen Months together, this great Man finding that it was impof-
llble to determine the true and proper Place of this new Star, with-
out the Reflitution of the fixt Stars to theirs, he undertook this
<neat Work, to which he was not a litde incited by the Advice of
Copernicus, in the Works of George Joachim, and the noble At-
tempt of William Landgra-ve of Hejje, who had at the fame Time
endeavour'd to reilore the fixt Stars to their true Manfions, but the
Glory of this was referved to Tycho, who fpared neither Labour nor
Coil, for he is reported to have expended upon it, one hundred
Thoufand Crowns of Gold ; but it mufl be acknowledged, that in
this he was mightily allifled by his Mxcenas, Frederick the fecond
Kin" o( 'Denmark. But to be fomewhat more particular as to this
o;reat Man's Difcoveries in Aflionomy, as foon as h6 had built a
Tower for Ca'leftial Obfervations in the Ifland of Huenna, which
lie called Vranihurg, and furnifhed with Store of exquifite and
magnificent Inflruments, having called feveral learned Aftronomers
to his Afllftance, he begun exacftly the Altitude of the -Pole in diac
Place, by the Circumpolary Stars, ( ^ ) by which, underflanding
likewifethe Altitude of the Equator, he pointed out the Equinoxial
Points, by the pafllng of the Sun through them; and attending
befides to the middle Parts of Taurus and Leo. He found out the
j^togAum of the Sun, and the Excentricity of it, and deduced its
Courfe from the Point of the Vernal Equinox, and from Venus \\\
the Day Time compared with tiie Sun, and in the Night with die
fixt Stars : He endeavoured to find out the rigiit Afcciifions and
Declinations of the fixt Stars, which the Ancients had attempted to
do, by ufing the Moon and not Venus for that Purpofe : And fuch
was his Succefs and exquifite Care in this, that he conflituted that
bright Star which is in the Top of jiries, and ranoed the chief of
thofe in Order along the Zodiack, and by enquiring further, he
found out the Diflances of the reft as well from them, as from each
other, and defined both the right Af'cenfions and Declinations of
them all; prefcribed their feveral Longitudes and Latitudes, and
added to the Catalogue of the Ancients about 200 Stars that were
only vifible in the Danijh Horiz^on, and having in the mean Time
always obferved the pafling of all the Planets through the Meridi-
an, and their feveral Diftances from the chief fixt Stars neareft to
them, he laid fuch folid Foundations as bv them might be exadly
known, not only the true Places of eacli, but alfo their feveral
Motions. Many other admirable Difcoveries did this great Man

make,

l«) Offffd. ID vi( Trcb, Brab, C( dt ofiu 6( piosicITu Xftcou:

Vol. Ill The Life <?/ JAMES BASSANTIN. 97

make, and amongft the reft, he was the firft that difcoveied allCo-J^f^
mets to be carried freely through the Etherial Spaces, that Re-^AA»
fradtions ought to be carefully confidered and allowed, for he like-
wife perceived tliat tiie Latitude of the Moon ought to be au(^-
niented by more than a Qiiadrant or fourth part, than liad been
conceiveu. He demonftrated the Latitude of the fixt Stars to bo
varied, and he framed a newHypothefis or Syftem of the World, and
many other Things as difficult in their Invention, as excellent in
their Ufe, and excelled all tliat went before him in Exadtnefs and
Certainty. Then as for his Mathematical Inftruments, it is well known
he made fuch, as for the Condition of the Matter, the Vaftnefsof
tlieir Magnitude, the Variety of their Forms, the Care of their Ela-
boration, the Precifenefs of their Divifions. and tlie Facility in ufing
them, the World had never the like before. And fo fubtile, exadt
and diligent he was in his Obfervations, that whereas the Obferva-
tions of HipparchuSj Ptolomy and all others before him, had been
marked out only by the fixth, or at moft by the twelftli part of
Degrees, he deligned all his by the fixtieth Parts of Degrees, called
Minutes, and very often alfo by Subdivifion of Minutes, in one
Word, tliis noble Dme Iiad formed to himfelf the Hopes of buil-
ding the whole Theory of Aftronomy from tlie very Ground, and of
erecting complete and everlafting Tables for Calculation thereupon,
and probably had done it, hadne not been cut off by a Retention
oiVrine in the 54, Year of his Age, in the Year of our Lord i6qi.
However, his Catalogue of the fixt Stars, beyond all Competition,
docs excell that of Hippanhus, being commonly true to a Minute
or two, whereas, the other fails half a Degree Loth in Longitude
and Latitude : And in this he is the more to be commended^ thac
Hippdrchus had the fame Advantages that he liad for obferving the
fixt Stars, the Telejcope not being then invented, and this was the
State of Aftronomy wnen our Author publifhcd his Cook.

In this Book, our Author firft lays down all tlie neceftary Axioms
and Definitions for the underftanding of this Science, then he gives
a Table ot Sines, after this a Treatife of Re(5lilineal Triangles in
twenty Propofitions, then he gives a Treatife of Spherical Triangles
in thirteen Propofitions. The next Treatife is concerning the Sphere
of tlic World in/ thirteen Chapters ; the ift Chapter treafs of the
Syftem of the World in general and its parts, the id is concerning
the Magnitude of the Earth, in Comparifon of the Firmament, the
3d is upon the Circles of the Sphere, the 4th is upon the Declina-
tion of tlie Degrees of the Ecliptick from the Equinocflial, the 5th is
upon the Afcenfion and Defcenfion of the Signs in a diretft Sphere,
the (5th is upon the Afcenfion and Defcenfion of the Signs in an ob-
lique Sphere, the 7th is upon the Oriental and Occidental Latitude,
the 8th is upon the Declination, Afcenfion, Defcenfion and Lati-
tude of the Eaftern and Weftern Stars, the 9th is upon the Elevation
of the Star above the Horixjon, the lOth is upon the Variation of
the Artificial Days and Nights in the different Parts of the £arth,

^ B b flie

o^ The Life o/JAMES hASSANTlK Vol. III.

r-y\^ the iith is upon the twelve Calcftial Hoiifes aiul their Divifions,
f^^-t the twcUch is upon the Divifion of tlie Zones and Clirnntes, tW-.
1 2th and lad is upon the Longitudes, Latitudes and I^iflantcs ot'
tlic Re'Mons of the Laith, to whicli is annexed a Talilcof the Lon-
oitudcs and Latitudes of the principal Cities and I'hices of the
World. Then follows the Hypotheles of tlie Otlcflial Orhs, con-
tainin'T the Theories of the Surj, Moon^ Saturn^ Jupiter, Miirs,
Venus and Mercury. After this, he gives an Account of the dirc(ft
Retro'^rad and Stationary Motions ot the Planets, their various Af-
pects, the Declination and Latitude oi the Stars, the Latitude of
the Moon, the Latitude of the three fuperior Planets, the Latitudes
ci Venus and Mercury, of their Excentricities, Epiclipfes and what
elle belongs to the Planets. After he has treated of thofe Things,
he "ives the Theory of the Motion ot the eighth Sphere, antl con-
cludes with die pradical part of Aflrononiy in diirty PropoHtions ;
wherein he gives the Figure of many curious Inflruments, with pro-
per and fuitable Tables and Diredions how to u(e them.

Our Author did not live long after that he returned to his native
.nd''cw Country, for he died towards the End of the Year 15*58. By what
**"• we have related in his Life, it appears that he was well (e.en inju-
dicial Aftrology, and his Works that are flill extant are lading Mo-
numents o( his c;reat Knowledge in Aftronomy, but Joannes Tor-
nAfius who tranilated our Author's Aftronomy from French into
Lutin, makes him one of the greatefl: Prodigies of Learning that
ever was in Nature, {a) for he fays. That it was not by reading
the Works of the Ancient Mathematicians, orot the Moderns, who
wrote in the learned Languages that he acquired tliefe Sciences,
tho' he was one of the greateft Aftronomers of his Age. No, fays
he, for he underfbood no Language but his own to anv Perfedliion;
and neither in that nor in French, notwithfhinding that he lived
the moft part of his Time in France, could he write fo much as
tolerable Ciainmar, fo that fays he, he was born and not made a
Mathematician, his Words are thefe in his Dedication of his Aflro-
nomy to Frederick the 4th Count Palatine of the Rhine. Hoc in
Jacobo Baffantino Scoto prime hujus Ubri Aiiliore, mirandum fuit^
mod 'vir prorfus amujos, ^ qui nullam linguam, prater maternam
calleret, in ^Jlronomia tarnen ita excelluertt ut inter primos xtatis
Jha Afironomos habitus fit, aliis necejfe fuit Latinam, Grxcam, Ara-
bicam linguas edijcere,ftnomen aliquod in AJironomix. profejjione adi-
pifci 'voluerint, nofler autem Scotus aAflronomus natus efi, non faiius
forro liber hie primo Call ice prodiit, non quidem ut ab u^u^fore Jcrip-
tus efi (nam ita parum in Gallica lingua profecerit, ut quamvis bo-
nam Atatis partem triverit in Galliis, nunquam tamen potuerit maf-
culina mafculinis aptare, nee f^minina fixmininis, immo femper majcu-
lina adjefli'ua que Grammatici -vocant f&mininis fubfantivis junge-
ret,^ J&minina mafculinis,prxter innumeros alios Jolxcijmos quibusfca^
tebat) verum incondita iliiusnjerba a Gallic a linguA per it is polita f/tnt.

If

(«) i:pift. Dcdicai.

Vol. III. The Life of JAMES BASSANTIN.

99

It all this be true as we liave faid, our Author was a Trodigy, tor^y^^g^
I dare (ay he was the firll, and will be the laft Mathematician that**^^^
ever the World had or will have, that was either born or infpired
with Mathcmaricks, for in his Age there was no Tranflation in any
of the vulgar Lan];»uages, of the Writings of the ancient Mathe-
maticians, which our Author feems to have known admirably well,
as it appears from his Writings. Befides his Aftronomy,our Author
lias wrote a Book upon the y4jlrolab and its Ufes," an Inftrumenc
U'ell known to any that lias the leaft Knowledge in Aftronomy of
Navigation. 'Dempfter fays, {a) that he likewife wrote a" Book
concerning Horofcopes, a Book of Arithmetick, a Book on the Mu-
fick of the Ancients, and a Book upon the Mathematical Sciences
in General.

The Catalogue of his Works.

1- A STRONOMIJ Jacobi Baflantini Scott, opus ahfolutifJiwHrn^
jTjL in quo qtiicquid unquam peritiores Mathematici in Calis
objernjarunt^ eo ordine, eaque methodo traditur, tit cuivis pofi'
hac facile innotejcant qu£cmciue de a fir is ac planet ts nee non
de eoru/n variis orhibus, motthtts, paffionibus, dec. dtci pojunf
ingens ^ doiium 'volumcn ter edttum Latine ^ Gallice Genev.
1 599 in Folio.

II. Parapbrafe de f oAfirolabe avec me amplification de C ufage de

la Afirolabe a Lyon 1555 in '6'vo (^ Paris l6iy m 8w.

III. Super M.nhematica Genethliaccu

IV. yirithmetica.

V. Mufica fecttndum Platonicos.

VI. ©f cMatheJt in generc.

The LIFE of TETER BIS SAT, Vro
feflbr of the Canon Law in the Univerfi-
ty of Bononia,

TH I S Gentleman was defcended from Thomas hi. Bit.h,-
Btjfat, or Bijjart, who was Earl of Ftfe {b) in theKilL*
Reign of Kin^ David, about the Year 1^61. He
was born in the Shire of Fife, (c), in the Reign of
King James V. He had his Education in die
Univerfity of Sr. ^Andrews ; where, after he had finifhed the Courfe
of his Studies in Grammar and Philofophy, he applied himfelf to
the Study of tlie Laws ; and defigning to improve himfelf at foreign
Univerfities, he went over to Franct^ where he (ludied iot Come

B b 1 Time

I i « . I. . I II .nil

(<) lib. *. p. lol. 0) Im Su RiUfi SMtUt PtCair. of flic r. ^7. {/) PfKt/- li**- *• >*■ 91:

joo T/;f Life 0/ i'hT EK B I SS AT. Vol. Hi

'■^^''•^ Tunc at the Univerfity of Paris ; from rhencc he went to Italy,
J^Xj where he commenced Dodlor of the Lawi at Bononia^ and w;is
D^loroTrhe'fhoiclv after honoured witli tlic Dignity of J'rofcKor in the Canon
i>m"Mn.'"lt Law in that Univcrlicy, where he taught it for feveral Years with
*"""'• great Applau(e.

We have ilill extant of this Author Tome Poems and Orations,
oth.fwo.uand a Book dedicated to Boniface Godxi,acInOy a nob\c Ferietian,
concernin'j; Irregularities, which in the Canon Law fignifies the
Grounds and Reafons that are ajjigned by the Chnrch, for excluding
certain Laicks from the Clergy. And what the(e were, I {hall give
the Reader, from our Author, a briet Account of. The primitive
Chnrtians in admitting of the Clergy, obferved exa(ftly the Rules fet
down by Si. Paul, in the third Chapter of the firft Epiftleto T/wo-
thy: Yet fometimes, as we learn from St. CyprM^ («), at the preffirig
Inrtances of the People, thofe whofe Merit was fufficiently known
to the Church j but refufed to enter into Holy Orders oUt of Hu-
mility, were compelled to do it : But by the Canons of the
Church (/>), a Man muft firfl: be a Deacon before he can be a Pneft,
and a Prieft, before he can be a Bifhop.

The Clerks were chofen out of the moft Holy of the Laicks, and
therefore by the Canons of the Church, all thofe were excluded
from tiie Cleri^y who were liable to any Reproach in their Lives and
Converfations : The Apoftle having in the above-cited Chapter
required, That they fl.ould he Blamelefs, and zvithout Reproach. And
accordingly the firft Council of A'/cf (r) excluded all thofe, who
a:rer Baptilm had fallen into any fort of Crime, fuch as Hereby,
Apoftacy, Homicid and Adultery, tho' they had perform'd Pennance,
and uere reconciled to the Church ; becaufe the Memory of it al-
ways remained : And it was but reafonable to think, that thofe whofe
Lives were without Stain, fhculd be chofen before thofe that had
fallen. So that by the ancient Difcipline of the Church, all thofe
were excluded from the Clergy wiio had been under Pennance (d)^
Likewife they were eftecmed irregular, and excluded from Holy
Orders who had killed any Perfon by Accident or involuntarly, or
even in their own Defence : All thoie that had carried Arms, tho*
in a jiift War, thofe who had been the Caufe of putting any to Death,
tho' a Criminal, and that either as Party, Judge or Witnefs (e), for
altho' there was no real Crime in any of thefe Things, yet there
was fomething in them that was againft that Mercifulnefs and Com-
panion that the Church requires in Church Men : All Bigamies
were likewife declared irregular, and thofe guilty of them excluded
from Holy Orders (f) : And here by Bigamy is not only underftood
the Crime of having two Wives at one Time, but fecond Marriages,
or the marrying witli a Widow, or any Woman that was not notarly
reputed as a Virgin, all fuch Marriages being looked upon by the
Ciiurch as having a Stain of Incontinencv and Weaknefs in them.
All thofe were excluded that were baptizea when fick (^), which was
a

(« F-tfr. 53. J4, 35. (t) Dift- 77- C»p. i. «« Epift. I. Sirici ad Himcr. Tarie. C«p. 9. (c) Can. Nicin. 9. 10. Dift. tjo.
Cap. i. D>(t. 50. C )5. ei coo. CtfUi. IV. C> 68. (<<J Pift. }9. C. 8. cx Miami »uc C. ti. (0 DA.ii. (/) Coocil, Neocrfar.
C. 11. Dift. J], (j) Ibid.

Vol. III. The Ltfe 6f TETER BISSAT. ior_

a Cuftom very frequent in the primitive Church, many deferring X;;^;-^
their Buptifm to the laft, that tliey might enjov their carnal Plea- '''>^^
fures with the greater Freedom, and they called thefe Clinirks, of
Death-bed Chriftians, and they were look'd upon by the Church as
botii weak in Virtue and Faitii : Tliofe that were greatly. indebted
or engaged in Multiplicity of Affairs were excluded (a), becaufe, a«;
the Apoftle St. P^«/ fays, That they ought not to be entanM ivith
the Matrs of this Life (b). Ignorance was likewife an Obftacle of
Ordination, but different Sorts of Knowledge were required in them,
according to their different Stations (f) : And thefe were all the
Obf^acles that excluded Laicks from bein^ Clergy Men, as to their
Minds and Manners. And next we fhallgive an Account of thofe
Obftaclcs of the Body and Birth that exclude Laicks from Holy,

Orders.

The primitive Chriflians did not obferve thole mentioned in the
old Law, but looked upon them as Symbols of fpiritual Failings {d),
and only noticed thofe that rendred them incapable of exercifing
their Ecclefiaftick Fun6tions (f), fuch as being blind, deaf, dumb,
or havinfT any fuch Deformity about them as may creat an Averfion
in the People to them ; as for Eunuchs, they were not excluded,
providin'T it proceeded not from their own Fault, but otherwife (f),
and not only thofe who made themfelves fuch, a Cuflom frequent
in the primitive Church, but likewife all thofe who mutilated them-
felves in any Member of their Body were excluded (g), but Madnefs,
or beinfT poffeffed by the Devil rendred them for ever incapable ot
receiving Holy Orders. Then as to their Birth, all thofe who were
not of a lawful Marriage were excluded (/;), becaufe how innocent
foever they might be, yet the feeing of them brings to the Mind
the Crime of the Birth : Slaves, Servants, Children and Religious,
without the Confent of their Superior were excluded (i), Slaves
and Servants, becaufe of the Lofs that their Mafters might fuftain
in taking them from them ; and Children, becaufe of their A^e,
and that tlie diflferent Ages of each Station are regulated by the
Canons of the Church ; yet Children were taken and brought up in
the Clerical Life (fe), that they might be timely and early formed to
that virtuous and (\ria: Way of Living, which is fo neceffary to be
obfcrved by all Church-men : And thefe are the Irregularities or
Reafons afligned by the Canon Law concerning the due Admiflion
of Clergy-men ; Upon which our Author has publifhed a learned
Commentary, publifKcd with his Poems and Orations at Venice. By
a Mi(\ake in Dernier, this Author is faid to have flourifhed in the
Year 1401, whereas it ought to be MDL. And this is all that
we know of him, but that it is faid, that he died towards tlie latter
End of the Year 1 5<58. This Gentleman was not only well fecn J^^^
in tlie Laws, but likewife a good Poet, an excellent Orator, and aa.,.

iubtile i'hilofopher. „,

C c The

" (.) D.8. 5*.C. ,. .. Onc.l. C.h. .. C i. (t) t T.m. C 1. t. ♦• f') ^'ft)*- <!'«■•'• &'I"'';.,'"'';';\%*-," Conc.1.
L.,cr I,, c .7. '* I'"'- O'P- «-• (') D.ft. JJ C .,.Cn. Apo». J«- ( flCn. N.""-X'v.fcL Xl" il". Vjui
0.rVlt Aurcl. III. C. «. t») Dif». St, Ufb«. ., taOmcU. CUrom. C. 4- W DA J4. l») CoocU, V.ffo* XI. C. I. T.I.*

101 T7;r Life o/JOHN HAMILTON, Vol. /If.

P

The Catalogue of his Works.

Atricii Biffarti Opera omnia, viz. Pocmata, Orationes, JMliona
feriaUs, ^ Lib. de Irregularitate, Vcn. in ,\Jo, i '^6$.

THE

An. 1571.

LIFEofjFOH7\r HAMILTON, Arch'
Biihop of St. Andrews.

His learned Prelate was natural Son to James
p."ni'e'''' ' I ' ^^^^ ^^ (*Arrany and born in the Reign of King

.nd EduM- ■ James V. He had his Education at the Univerfity

oiClaJgow ; where, after he had learned tlie Belles-

Lettres and Philofophy, he went over to Parisy

and ftudied Theology for fome Years j then having entred into
Holy Orders, he returned to his native Country through Englandy
accompanied with feveral learned Men, who were all of them kindly
received and entertain'd by King Henry VIII. He was made Abbot
HitPfef«t-of Paijley in the Year 1541. And upon his Arrival in Scotland, he

ciJurch.nd furpriz'd by a Stratagem the Caftle of Edinburgh, for the Ufe of
his Brother, who was then Governor of iycof/trw^, for which Piece of
oood Service, he was made Lord Privy Seal, and Bilhop of Dunkell
in the Year 1 54.(5. Not long after this he was made Lord High
Treafurer of Scotland, and in the 1 548, he was preferred to rlie
Arch-Bifhoprick of St. aAndrews, and confirmed by Pope Patd the
Third.

He had no fooner attained to this Dignity, but he begun to
fhow his Zeal againfl the Reformation, and having caufed appre-
hend at Winton in Eaft Lothian, (a) one v4dam Wallace; He was
brought to his Tryal in the Church of the Black Friars in Edinburgh,
and being meftioned of ufurfin^ the Ojjice of a Preacher, ha-ving no
lawful Call thereto, of Bapttz^ing his own Children, denying Purga-
tory, Prayers to the Saints, the real Prefence, and calling the Mafs
an Idolatrous Service. He anfwered, That he did not judge himjelf
worthy of the Vocation of a Preacher, but he acknowledged, that in
fome private Places he did read a part of Scripture at Times, and made
a port Exhortation thereupon to thofe that would hear him, that he
thought it was as lawful for him to baptiz^e his own Child, fince he
could not have a true Minijler, as it loas to Abraham to circumcife
Ifmael and his Family. And as to the reft, he faid, ^jat he never
believed nor maintained any Thing, but what he found in the Book

hanging

i*) Spoiifwood'i Hill. Lib. i. Pig. 99. &';

Vol. III. oArch-BiJhop of St. Andrews. jO?

hanging at his Girdle, zvhich was the Bible in French, Diitcli and ^^-y^^
Englifh, and being further prejfed to give his Sentiments concerntng^^^^'^^
the Mafs, he [aid that he had read the Btble in three Languages, ami
never found the Word Mafs in them all, but that the Thin£ which
zuas in greatef Eftimation amongji Men, zvas an ^Abomination be-
fore God. He likezuife declined the Authority of the Bifhops, and his
other fudges, but more particularly the Governours, for he doubted
if he had any Knowledge to difcern Lies from Truth, and the Inven-
tions of Men from the true Worfhip of God. For all wliich he was h. cm,,
condemned to Death by Sir John Campbc/l of Lundy ]<i(iice-dtputt,tt7.hl'f:t
and accordingly the next Day he was burnt alive. Here"'''^'"

The fame Year being 1550, there arofe a great Controverfy
amongft the Clergy at St. Andrews, which was occasioned thus.

One Richard (^^Jarjhal Prior of tUc Black Friars Sii New-caflle in
England, had been in St.. Andrews, and in one of his Sermons
aftTrmed that tlie Fater mfler or the Lord's Prayer fliould be faid
to God only, and not to the Saints, fome of the Dodfors of the
Univerfity calling this in Queftion, they pitched upon a Gray Friar
called Friar Tottis, to confute his Dodlrine, and to prove that the
Pater mfler might be faid to the Saints, which he very confidently
undertook to do, and taking for his Text the 5th of St. Matthews
Gofpel, Blejjed are the poor in Spirit, for unto them belongeth the
Kingdom of Heaven, he made this Inference, that the Lord's Prayer
might be faid to the Saints, becaufe faid lie, The Petitions of the
Prayer belong to the Saints, for if we meet an old Man in the Streets,
VJe will fay good morroio Father, much more in our Prayers zve may
call the Saints our Fathers, and feeing we grant that they are in Hea-
wn, tve may fay to every one of them, Our Father which art in
Heaven, then we know that God hath made their Names holy, fo
ive may fay to any of them. Hallowed be thy Name, and as they
are in the Heavens, fo that Kingdom is theirs by Pojjejjion, there-
fore when we pray for the Kingdom of Heaven, we may fay to
them. Thy Kingdom come, and if their Will had not been the
Will of God, they had never come to that Kingdom, therefore zee may
fay. Thy Will be done, fince their Will is God's Will, and as for the
refl of the Petitions, tho they cannot give us our daily Bread, nor
forgive us our Sins, nor Lead us into Temptation, nor deliver us
from all Evil, yet they can Pray to God that he may do thefe
Things for us : So he concluded. That zve might fafely addrefs
this Prayer to them. This ridiculous Comment upon the Lord's
Prayer offended fome, and made others laugh at the Folly of the
Man, but was ^o refented by all, that he became a laughing StocJc
amongfl tliem, and the Boys upon the Street, did whenever they
faw him, call him Vim Pater noflcr, h that he was obliged to re-
tire from the City. Yet the Dodlors of the Univerfity would by no
Means lofe fuch a fair Occafion of fhowing their Wit in fucn an
intricate Queftion, and in a folemn Meeting it Was very wamily
debated, fome ofTlnning diat it might be faid to God Jvrmalitert

C c 2. and

104 The Li/e of JOHN HAMILTON, Vol. III.

j^^i^^^ and to the Saints Materialiter, others tliat it miglit be faid to (joci
w^/-w Primipaliteri and to the Saints minus Principaliter, others that it
might be (aid to God Vltimate, and to the Saints nor) V/ttMate,
others tliat it might be faid to God Primarioy and to the Saints non
Primarioy but the Diftin(5lion which pleafed the Generality moH;
was, that it might be (aid to God capiendo Jlri^/e, and to the Saints
capiendo large. The Bilhop our Author, who was a Man of great
Moderation, could not prevail with them to let this ridiculous Qi\c-
llion fall, (b he was obliged to remit them to the Provincial Synod,
which was to meet the next Year at EdmbHrgh. A (imple Fellow,
a Servant of the Sub-priors, thinking that there was fomething of
very great Moment among(t tlie Dodlors, which made them ineet
fo often at Night, when his Mafter was going to Bed, he asked him
what the Matter was that made them meet fo often : The Sub-
Prior laughing at the Fellow's Curiofity ; Tom, (Tays he, for that
was his Name ) We cannot agree amongll us to zohom the Pater nofter
fiiould he faid : Sir, fays Tom, To whom fhould it be faid but unto
Cod ? Then fays the Sub-Prior, What fhali we do with the Saints 1
He anfzuered, Give them Aves and CredoV enow in the Devil's
Name, for that may jerve them.

In the Month of January the next Year, the Synod having met
at Edinburgh, they ordered the Sub-Prior to order the Do(5lors to
preach to the People that the Pater nofier ought only to be faid to
God, but that the People ought likewife to be taugiu that the Saints
He Dbiiihei^^'^^ ^° ^^ invocated. At this Synod likewife our Prelate prcfented
• citeciurin. them with a Cateciiifm, containing a (hort Explanation of the Ten
Commandments, the Belief and the Lord's Prayer; which the Bifhops
and Synod having read and confidered, they not only approved of
the faid Cateciiifm, but likewife ordered all Curats to read a Part
thereof every Sunday and Holy Day to the People, when there was
no Sermon. And here I cannot but take notice of an Afperfion
which Bilhop Spot if zvood, and our other Hiftorians put upon this Ca-
techifm, which is a very valuable Book, by calling it the Two Penny
Faith, becaufe it was fold for Twopence : But the Reafon why it
was fold for Twopence proceeded not from the Meannefs or Con-
temptiblenefs of tlieWork J for, as I have faid, it is a moft learned
Book, and a large O£lavo ; but the Bi(hop having printed it upon
his own Expences, he allowed thofe whom he employed to diftri-
bute them amongfl: the People, to take Twopence for the Trouble
that they were at.

Mr. Knox having framed and drawn up a Form of Church Policy,
which he defired to be ratified by the Queen and Parliament in the
Year 1 5(5o, our Prelate having read it, fent one John Brand, a Monk
of Holy-Rood-Houfe to tell Mr. Knox from him, That albeit he had
innovated many Things, and made Reformation of the Do6irine of
the Church, whereof he could not deny but there was fome Reafon, yet
•o*Mrf&!." f^e fhould do wifely to retain the old Policy, which had been the Work
of many ^ges, or then put a better in its Place^ which his new Model

was

Vol. J 1 1. (t/lrch-BtJhop of St. Andrews. 105

zvas far from: And tell him likewife, That our Highland cypjen'j^'^-^
haqje a Cuflom ivhen they break young Colts, to fafcn them by the -^*v^
Head with frong Teat hers, one of zvhich they keep very faft, till the
'BeaJI be throughly made : TheAldtitudc.that Bcajl ivitli many He ads ^
TSQidd y«/? be jo dealt zvith : Q^dr. Knox," / know^ tjlcemeth me an
Enemy, but tell him from me, he f: all find it true,.

The Kefoimation prevailing about the End of tlic Month of
January 1 565, our Prelate was imprifoned in the Caftle of Edin- pnroncVfoi
burgh for faving and hearing Mafs, but fliortly after he was fct at bumt^e"'
Liberty by tlie Qiieen ; but fhe herfelf being overcome by her re-^''""'"
bellious Subjcds at the Battle oiLandJide upon the 13th of ^^May
} 568, he was obliged to conceal himfelf amongft his Friends in the
Weft : '^wr. finding that they were making a ftrid: Search after him,
he got into the Caftle oi Dumbarton, where lie was kindly received
and entertained by the Governor my Lord Fleeming, a faithful Ser-
vant of the Qiieens : But tliat Caftle being furprized by the Qiieen's
Enemies, our Arch-Bifliop was fent Prifoner to Stirling, wiiere, upon ;, ,„y,.^j ^^
the 5th oi ^prili'yli, he was indi(5led of Hieh Trealon, the Heads ^"■^'"-'

ri • T l•r^' ° fon.tnd com-

er his Indictment were, m.nded to

1. That he knew,, and was Participarrd or Accomplice in the '''*°*"**
murdering of King Henry the Queen's Husband.

2. Tliat he confjpired againft the King's Perfon at the murderin*?
of the firft Regent, intencfing to have furprized the Caftle of Stir-
ling, and to have been Mafter thereof at his Plcafure.

3. That he knew, or was Participand of the Murder oi James
Earl of <^Murray, the late Regent.

4. That he lay in wait at the Wood of Calendar, for the Slaugh-
ter of Matthczv Earl of Lennox, the prefent Regent.

Being called to the Bar, before the Indidtment was read (a), he
moved that he might be proceeded againft in the ordinary Form,
and to have a longer Time allowed him to prepare his Defences ;
but they would allow him no Time : And having denied all that
was laid to his Charge, they condemned him to be hanged, upon
a Sentence of Forfaultry that had been pronounced againft him, in
one of tile Regent Murray's Parliaments, and that very Night he
was hanged upon a Tree, on which they affixed the two following .n"cw^
Lines for an Epitaph ; ^"'

Crejce diu felix arbor, femperque wireto
Frondibus, ut nobis talta poma feras.

But a Friend of the Biftiop's in Anfwer to this, caufed place upon
the fame Tree tliefe two Lines,

Jnfelix pereas arbor Phlegetontis in undis,
yitque prior tecum carminis atdtor eat.

And about a Year after this, the Author of thefe Lines being
difcovercd, he was taken by fome of the Queen's Friends, and

D d hanged

(») \ii. Diumfuy'i ti4(s>. fit Sfotb «4 lUL,

jo6 The Life o/JQHN HAMILTON, Vol. Iff.

/"^^"•^^ handed upon die lame Tree (a)^ wit!i the following Lines for iiis
v^-««w Epuapli,

Crevit ut optahas ramis felicilf^s {irhor
Et frtiilttm mhis^ te generhntque tulit.

Arch-Biniop Spotfivood fliys, That our Prelate zvas the Jirjl BiJIjop
that fnfcrcd ty Form of lnjlice in this Kingdom ; he xoas a c^an
of great jl^ion, vjife ana not unlearned, but in Life Jornewhat dtj-
(olute : His Death, efpecial/y for the Manner of it, dtd greatly incenj'e
bis Friends, arid zcas dtjliked. of diqjers, zvho wijhed a greater Refpeft
to have been carried to his yige and Place ; but the Sujpicion of his
Cniltinefs in the Murders oj the King and Regent, made him of the
common Sort lejsregr ate d. Befidcsall this laic! to his Charge by Bifhop
Spotfvood, he is accuCed by Buchannan oF Cruelty, of having con-
fulted a Magician for his Health, and of" grofs Ignorance. Now
how far our Hiftoriansare to blame in accufing him of thefe Things,
will appear to the impartial Reader from the Confideration of a
few Things, that I fhall offer in the Vindication of" the Memory of
this great Man.
Hi. Memo. /}^/? then, As to the Lewdnefs and Diffolutenefs of his Life, k
^orihe'Af- cannot be denied, but that in his Youth he had a Son by oneMiftiis
i^!Z°J^" Semple, a Gentlewoman of great BeaiJty and Brightnefs of Parts;
but if ic be true that he married her in the Heat of his Youth, be-
fore he entred into Orders, and that he was obliged to conceal it,
the Crime was pardonable, if it was a Crime : And for the Proba-
bility of this, the Bifhop's Friends urge the i8th Article of the
Treaty at Perth three Years after her Death, wherein the Bifhop is
vindicated, and his Son reftored to the Lands and Poffedions tiiac
belonged to tiie BifKop ; which by the Law could not have been
done,^ had he been a Baflard. The Words of the Treaty are as
follows (b).

Article 1 8th, That the Heirs and Succejjors of Perfons forfeited,
properly comprehended under this Pacification, and now departed this
Life, (hall he rejlored, and made lawful to enter by Brieves to their
Lands and Tcfejfions, not with fianding of the Forfeitures laid again fl
their Fathers or Predecejj'ors, and as giff they had died at our Sove-
reign Lord's Faith and Peace, and jpec tally o^fjohn u4rch-Bifiop of
St. Andrews, Gavin Comwendator of Kilwinning, Andrew Hanulton
of Lochnot, John Hamilton his Son, and Captain James Cullayne,
And that the Bifhop's Son was reflored to his Lands witliout the leaft
Objedlion as to his Baftardy, we learn from an avowed Enemy to
the Houfe of Hamilton, (c) but fuppofing and granting that the
Bifhop had made this Slip in his Youth, it is not a fufficient Ground
to ftain the whole Courfe of his after Life with.

idly. As to his being Guilty of the King's Murder and the Re-
gent's, it is acknowledged by all, that he had not any Hand or

Knowledge

(j) MS. Hift. o» the Arch bilhop of St. Andrewi, pcnM in«. (Ji) Vid. Criwfnil. Mem. ad An. 1573. Pag. »>l. CO ^"'1*
^mici't Stiggciing State of the SfU Stale* Mea,

Vol III. <iArch-BiJhop of St. Andrews. " ^

Knowledge in the King's Murder, but fome fay, that he aclcnow- ^>^^-^
lodged {A that as to the Murder of the Earl of Afe^^r^y, That he^^^<^
not o^lykmw thereof and would mt fop it, bitt rather furthered
the Deed thereof whilk fays he, / heartily repent, and ask wy God
Mercy for the Jame. But if there were any Truth in this, is it to be
thought, but that his Judges would have condemned him for it'
but on the contrary, its acknowledged by all, that he was neither
condemned upon thjs Account, nor upon any of the Articles thac
were laid to his Charge, but upon the Account of an Adl of For-
faultry that had been laid againft him in one of M^rr^y's Parlia-
ments. And as for the King's Murder, there was but one Witnefs
brought againft him, a perjured mercenary Prieft called Tliomas
Rokrtfon, wiio affirmed, That one John Hamilton alias black John
( at that Time the BiOiop's Servant ; Jentfor him when he was a dl
tng, and amongft many other Crimes, confejjed, that by his Maflers
Order, he was prefent at the Murder of the King. But to this we
cannot give a better Reply, than what the Bifhop himfelf made to
the Judges, r/;f Vrief, fays he, Sinneth deadly to lie upon me, who
knoweth nothing of that Matter, and windeth 'not that it is a Sin to
reveal Confejjion.

Thirdly, As to his Cruelty, whatever was done againft the Pro-
tefi^ts in his Time, was by Gavin Hamilton Abbot oi' /Ctlzuinninf
who in the Year 1551 (b) being then about ^o Years old was
made Adminiftrator tn Temporaltbus ^ Spiritualibus of tiie Diocefs
of St. Andrews, with a Penfion of 400 Pound Scots, being Coadjutor
cum futura fuccejjtone, and the violent Proceedings of this Abbot
were taken for the Bifhops, whereas on the contrary, the Bifhop was
a Perfon of great Moderation, and much againft the violent Mea-
fures that were taken at that Time by both Parties, as it appears
from his Advice to Mr. Knox, and his Catechifm, wherein he ex-
preflcs his Sentiments with a great deal of Moderation and Chri-
stian Charity.

^thly, As to his confulting of a c^agician for the Recovery of
his Health, diis Magician, or ratiier Mathematician, was the famous
Hieronymus Cardanus, or Jerom Cardan, of whofe Adventures, as
wrote by himfelf, we fhall give a brief Account, fince they clearly
vindicate our Prelate from this Afperfion, Jerom Cardan was born
in Italy ^t Milan (c), upon the ift o( Oifober 1508, and he tells
us that his Mother wlio was a Whore, had taken feveral Remedies
tocaufe her abort whilft fhe was with Child of him : But that not-
withftandinc of all her Endeavours, and that he was brought from
the Womb Dy a manual Operation, yet he was lively and vigorous,
and was brought fortii witii long; Hair upon his Head, his Father
who was a Lawyer took care ot his Education ; and havin^ applyed
himfelf to die Mathematicks and Medicine, he became fo famous'
for his Knowledge in them both, and in all the reft of the Sciences,
diat there was liardly an Univerfity in Italy, in which he was not
^ D d 2, ProfefTor .

(*) C/iwfd. Mtm. tad SpoiC ubi fup f». {h) Di. Jtmlfsni NoKi Hr«o Spot. Hlft. MS. {') D* »'«• P'op.

J^^ rhe Lije 0/ JOHN HAMILTON, Vol- ul

I — t ■ ■ ■ « , ^

f^-'^'^^ Piorcdbr : And by liis Writings, he made himfclf Co famous tliron^Ij
tK^ all Europe, tliat he was jiiftly cdecmed the Miracle and I'rodr^y of
iiis At;c lor Learning. It was no Wonder then that onr Trclate ha-
vin" tieard of this famous Phyfician, and labouring under a trou-
blcfome Difcafe, fliould have confulted him, fincemofl of the Prin-
ces and i',reat Men in Europe confulted him; but how this Affair
was trankided, we learn Irom G/r^rt« himfelf, who tells us, (a)
Thiit the Bijhop being attacked with an Afthma, it at length came to be
Jo periodical, tin enjery 8 ^Day it came on him fo violently, that for
the jpace of l\ Ehurs he had no Relief, and for this he had conful-
ted the rhsfui.ins of the Emperor Charles V, and Henry King of
France, but found no Relief, at length hearing of me he wrote for me,
and for the defraying of my Expenjes from Mihn to Lyons, he cau-
fed to be tranfmi'ttcd to me by his Fhyfician 200 Crowns of Gold.
Tnen he tells us, that he begun his Journey for Scotland in the
155Z, upon the 8th of the Calends of March, and that when he
came to L)ons, he met WiUiam Cafanatus the Arch-Bi(hop's Tiiyfi-
cian, who brought him 300 Crowns of Gold for his Pocket Money,
all his other Expenfes in his Journey to Scotland being defrayed
upon the Arch-Bifhop'o Charges, having arrived fafely in Scotland^
he found the Arch-Bifhop of Sr. <iAndrews at his own Palace, where
in a lliort Time he recovered him of his ayifihma, and returned
a"ain to Italy, the Arch-Bilhop having rewarded him at parting
wuh 400 Crowns of Gold, and double tlie Value of that Money
in Chains of Gold, Medals and jrfecious Stones, and this is all the
Magick that was ufed in recovering of our Prelat to his former
State of Health.

But it may be objecfled, that the Arch-Bifliop ought not to liave
employed fuch a Man as Cardan confelTes himfelf to have been,
for he fays, T7jat he had a Dxmon that told him what was to'hap-
pen, that he was much given to Judicial Aftrology, that he was re-
vengeful and fo pafTionate. that he cut the Ear out of one of his
Children's Head, and would have frequently beat them both with-
out any Reafon, that he was Invidious, a Traytor, a Sorcerer, a
Murderer, a Calumniator, a Bofom Enemy, abandoned to Luxury
and all the moft execrable Villanies and Lufls that can be imagi-
ned. And that we may not doubt of the Truth of this Character
which he giveth of himfelf, he tells us, that he knew not what ic
was to lie.

In Anfwer to this in the firft Place, it is certain that Cardan had
not then wrote his Life, wherein he gives this Characffer of himfelf,
and it is not to be doubted, but that when he wrote his Life, he was
polTeffed with a Spirit of Madnefs, otherwife he had not taken fo
much Pains to expofe to the Publick, what others that have the leaft
Degree of Reafon would carefully conceal ; and it was well known
to all the learned Men that had any Acquaintance with him, that
he had his Fits of Folly, wherein he aded like a mad Man and rea-

fiin'd

_^ i_^w^--i— n-m 1 r— n 1— ir^ ,^^ , — ^ ^^.^a^— ■

I*) Dc f«. prop, r*£. 18.

Vol. III. ylrch-BiPiop of St. Andrews. 1O9

ibn'd like an Idiot, and at other Times in his Adtions and Rea^o-ii^^'V'^
nings he appear'd above the Reach ot Mankind, and never was^-^v^w
there a Man that had Co good an Opinion of his Parts, and va-
lued himfclt To much upon them as Cardan had. We hanje been
(fays he, fpeaking of iiimfeif) the admiration of many NationSy
(a) an infinite Number of Things have been written in Praife of me
loth in Profe and Verfe, (b) I was born to deliver the World from
an Infinity of Errors, what we have invented could not be found out
by any of our <iAge, or by any in the Ages that preceeded us, luhere-
fore they zuho write any Thing to be recorded in the Memories of Men,
are not^ afiamed to acknoiuledge that they owe tt to us. (c ). J have
wrote a Book of Logick, wherein there is not Jo much as one Letter
Juperfuous or wanting, which I did in feven Days, which feems a
Prodigy, and hardly can there be found one that is capable td under-
jland it in a Tear, in one Word fays he ( d), my Nature is placed
betzvixt the Confines of humane Sub fiances and immortal Beings, Na-
tura mea in extremitate liumanx fubftantx conditionifque, et in
confinio immortalium pofita.

zdly, Tho' Cardan in many of his Writings, fays that h^ had a
familiar Da;mon chat inflrucfled him in future Events, that was
compofed of Venus, Mercury and Saturn, and that lie ere(5led the
Horofcopes of many learned Men, and amongft the reft, of our
Arch-Biftiop, if we may believe a late Hiftorian ( e ), yet what he
fays of his D&mon is lo foolifli and ridiculous, that no Man can
read it without laughing at it, and he himfelf in one of his Works
[f) plainly confeHes that lie had no D&mon, Ego certe ( fays he j
nullum Di&monem aut Gcnium adejfe cognofcd, and the only Senfe cari
be made of it, is what Gabriel Naud^us fays of it, tiiat it was (g)
hisWatchings, Studies and Experience in the World^and altho' he
was very good at Judicial Aftrology, yet in tiie eredling^of the Ho-
rofcopes of Edward the VI. King of England, John Baptifia his
Son, and Emar Ranconet, he was fo vaftly miftaken, that they were
the quite contrary of what he predi<5led, for his Son was hanged,
Ranconet died a violent Death, and Edward was cut off in the Flower
of his Age, fo tliat we have very good Reafon to think that it was
neitiicr Cardans Dscmon, nor his Skill in Horofcopes that moved
our Bifhop to fend for him : But his Skill in Phyhck, as we have
faid, tho' indeed, if we confider the Multitude of his Writings, which
are in ten Volumes in Folio, and the Variety of the Subjedfs, he may
be juftly called the Miracle of his Age.

The laft Thing laid to our Author's Charge, is his grofs Igno-
rance, but tliis is fucli a palpaple Calumny, that none that ever
lead his Carechifm can be guilty of harbouring fuch a Thought,
for it is wrote with fuch Learning, Moderation and Judgment, mat
it will be always cfteemed by the learned of his own Communion^
the two following Copies of Verfes are prefixed to it.

E e f^*^

{») Ord. Lib. VU. <lf iM. «.fi«. c. . 41. (*) Ibid. & !)• (') D« liW. prop, (i) Ibid, ('7 ^*"*1 Hift. J* AstL
Tool. I. (/;!>« 'ir. »fi«i- C. ;)■ (i; Aj>«l. Cuo. Horn, rtd, k judkl Cttid

no The Life 0/ JOHN HAMILTON^ Vol. HI-

A\.y\^^

Hie Iticr efl Jctcer^ divini dogmata 'verbi
^Ji^' Con 1 1 net, tpfe vius noite dtecfue Ugas,

Jiic dtfcas Cimjtum, pater hunc ttbi miftt ut ejjtt

Jttpcix, (^ njitA regula certa tUA.
Htc tibi tot lucent flellA, tot fidera fulgent

Hiwd fecHS ac fi fit gemmea tota Jomus^
Hunc tti viperea caveas percellere lingua,

Neque Theonino rodere dente njelis
Laudatur mertto multis mi maxima pr/iftat

Commoda, fed detur gloria tota Deo.

The other is by himfelf,

Totius le^is {fateor ) -volumen
Continet jltmmi documenta patris,
Non njacat ennuis tamen immorari

Sedulo cartis.
^liticquid humanA liber hie faluti
Efl oportunnm tenet, ergo qaifquis
Vult fide Chriflum colere, audtat, vel

Difeat ad ungnem.
Confulas £qtii, pie Lector, atme
Candide, noflrum precor ut lahorem
Qm tibi monfrat breviter tenenda

Peilore firmo.

Arch-BifKop Spotfwood fays, That this Catechifm was called in

Derifton by the Vulgar, the Two Penny faith {a), becaufe each Copy

teas bought for Tivopence : But the Truth of tliis Story is, that our

worthy Prelate caufed print it upon his own Expences, it being a

large S'yo in the black Letter, wliich he gave to the Pedlers, who

went thro' the Country to diftribute it amongft the Country People,

and to encourage them to this, he allowed them to take Twopence

for each Book : And this charitable and Chriftian Acftion met with

Co unworthy a Return. And from what we have faid, its evident,

That this Prelate was a wife, learned and devout Church-man, a

loyal, adive and faithful Subjedl, and the Death that he fufFered is

an eternal Reproach on the Memories of thofe who had a Hand

in it; who, tho' they had no Regard to his great Age, yet ought to

have fhown fome for the facred Charader that ne bore, if any

Thing that is Sacred had been efteemcd by them.

The Catalogue of his Works.

1

THE Catechifm, that is to fay, ^ne Common and Catholick
Infiru6iion of the Chrtftian Religion in Matters of our
Catholick Faith and Religioun, quhilk na gud Chrifitan jV/I'W or

ff'omaa

{m) Vid, i^o\S, ad Ao. j};i.

Vol. III. (t/drch-BiJhof of St. Andrews. HI

Woman jut d misknazv. Set fur th by the maifi Reverend Father in^;:;;^^
God, John yirch-BiJho^ of St. Andrews, Legat nait and Pri-^^K^
mat of the lOrk of Scotland, in his Provinctal Comfal haldin at
Edinburgh the l6th Day 0/ January, the Tear of our Lord 1551,
vjith the jid'vice and Counfal of the Bifhchoppis and uthcr Pre-
latis, with T)oiiours of TToeolone and Cannon Law of the faid
Realm ©/"Scotland, prefent for the Time. Printit at St. Andrews
lie the Command and Expenfts of the maijl Reverend Father in
God, John Arch-Bifjop of St. Andrews, and Prima t of the hail
Ktrk of Scothnd, the 29 jDrfj 0/ Aguft, the Zeir oj our Lord
1551, in 8vo.
II. Rationcs cur Regina Scotiac non debertt fe fidei Elizabeths An-

flicanae committere : ■ Anonymus Gallice Scriptor de eyHartyrio
Farias Stuartae ReginA Scotoruni, inquit Dempfterus. Capita
Vijjertationis ipfe recenjet., quibus nihil doiiius atit argutius.

THE

LIFE of JOHN I{ NOX the Reformer.

OHN IC no Xwsis born at Gifford near Haddington in

the County or Shire of Eaji-Lothian, in tlie Year of out

Lord 1505. His Father was not a Brother's Son of the

HouCg ot Rartfarlie, as Mr. David Buchannan has told us in

the Life (a) of Mr. ICnox% but the Son of a poor Country

Man (/>), as we are informed by thofe who knew him very

well: His Parents, tho' in a mean Condition, put their Sou

to the Grammar-Scliool of Haddington ; where, after he

had learned his Grammar, he ferved for fome Time the Laird o£

Langniddrie's Cliildren, who being fent by their Parents to the Uni-

verhty o( St. Andrews, he thereby had Occafion of learning his

Philofophy, andof receiving the Degree of Mr. of Arts, under theic

Mafter, the famous Mr. John Mair, whofe Life you have in the

fecond Volume of this Work (c). Having learned his Philofophy, he

began to apply himfelf to Theology, out falling acquainted witli

Mr. George Wtfheart, and being naturally inquifitive, he learned

from him the Principles of the Proreftants, which he was fo pleafed

with, that he renounced the Romifh Religion, "^nd becam\^ a

very 2ealous Proteftant : About this Time Cardinal Beaton being,

murdered at St. Andrews, he joined the Murderers, and at theif

Perfwafion took upon him, becaufe of his extraordinary Gifts, the

Office of die Priefthood, and was ordained after a very extraordinary

Manner, without Impofition of H arid s, but' at the Defire o( jfohri,

Rough, before a frnall Congregation, who afTented to the Call :

E e 2 Buc

(«) till Hi>. till PoL Uic {}) Dr. Himilloo, Dr. fidUit, «Bd tuoj 9(bct>. (r) Uw V>f'

Ill The Ltfe o/JOHN KNOX the Reformer. Vol. JII_

'^^^ But we fhall give the whole Account of this Affair from Mr. Knox %

ijji-

wv^ own Words. " At the Eafter (Tays h.e; j^mq 1 547, came to the
" CafHc of St. uindrews (a) John Knox., who weaned of removing
" from Place to Place, by Realbn of the Perfcciition that came upon
" him by the Bifhop of St. Andrews, was determined to have left
♦' Scotland, and to have vifired the Schools oiGermanj (o( England
" then he had no Pleafure, by reafon, that although the Pope's
" Name was ruppred'ed, yet his Laws and Corruptions remained in
" full Vigour) but becaufe he had the Care of fome Gentlemens
" Children, whom certain Years he had nourilhed in Godlinefs their
" Fathers folicited him to go to Si. Andrews, that himfclf might
" have the Benefit of tiie Caftle, and their Children of his Docffrine :
" And fo (we fayj came he the Time aforefaid to the faid Place.
" And having in his Company Francis Douglas of Lan^niddrie,
" George his JBrother, and Alexander Cockhtrn, eldeft Son to the
" then Laird of Ormijlon, began to exercife them after his accufto-
" med Manner ; befides the Grammar, and otlier Books of human
" Learing, he read unto them a Catechifm, Account whereof he
*' caufed them give publickly in the Parifh Church of St. Andrews ;
" lie read moreover to tiiem thcGofpel of fohn, proceeding where
" he left at his Departure from Langniddry, where before his Re-
" fidence was, and that Ledure he read in the Chappel within the
" Caftle at a certain Hour : They of the Place, but efpecially Mr.
" Henry Balneves and John Rough Preacher, pe'rceiving the Manner
" of iiis Do<5lrine, began earneflly to travel with him, that he would
" take the Fundion of a Preacher upon him ; but he lefufcd
*' alledging. That he would not run where God had not called him
" meaning. That he would do nothing without a lawful Vocation!
" Whereupon they privily amongfl themfelves advifing, havino with
" them in Council Sir David Lindjay of the (^Mount, they con-
" eluded that tiiey would give a Charge to tiie faid John, and that
" publickly by the Adouth of the Preacher ; and fo upon a certain
" Day a Sermon of the Eleiflion of Miniflers, what Power the Con-
" gregation (how fmall foever that it was, pafling the Number of
" two or three) had above any Man, namely in the Time of Need
" as that was, in whom they fuppofed and efpied the G\hs of God
" to be, and how dangerous it was to refufe, and not to hear the
" Voice of fuch as defire to be inflru(5led. Thefe and other Heads
" (v>'t fay) declared the faid John Rough Preacher, direcfted by his
" Words to the faid John Knox, faying. Brother, you Jhali not be
" offended, albeit that Jfpeak unto you that which I have in Charge,
" tvenjrom all thoje that are here Prefent, which is this ; h the
« Name of God, and of his Son fefus Chriji, and in the Name of
" theje that prefently caU you by my Mouth, I charge you that \m
" rejufe not this Holy Vocation, but as ye tender the Glory of God
« thelncreafe ofChrifs Kingdom, the Edification of your Brethren
" and the Comfort of me, whom ye underfiand well enough to be

oppreffed

9m own, Petiie aod C«ldcrwood l Hifloiiti. "<.»ur« oi Mr. Jkaox < ui^, btUite

Vol. J II. The Life 0/ JO H N KNOX the Beforwtr n^

" oppre;'e^ h the Multitude of Labours, that ye take upon joh thc'^^^
" piiUick Ojfce and Charge of Preaching, even as yc look to anjotd^^"^
" Cod's heaojy T>tjplcajure, and defire that he fJwuld multiply his
*' Grace upon yoti. And in tlie End he faid to tliofe that were pre-
*' fenr, H^as not this your Charge to me, and do not you approve of
" this Vocation ? They anfwered, It is, and xve approve of it.
« Whereat the faid Mr. yo/;«abalhed, burft forth in nioft abundanc
" Tears, and withdrew liimfelf to his Chamber, liis Countenance
" and Behaviour from that Dav till the Day that he was compelled
" to prefent himfelf to the publiclc Place of preaching, did fuffici-
" entlv declare the Grief and Trouble of his Heart ; for no Man
" (aw any Sign of Mirth of him, neither yet had he Pleafure to ac-
" company any Man for many Days together.

Many fevere Reflexions micht be made on this ridiculous Ac-
count of his Ordination ; but that which is obvious to all Men," is,
Tiiat the Hcly Ghoft was not the leafl: concerned in it. After this
he gives us an Account ot a Debate betwixt him and Dean John ^"b^'ot^^
oAman, and of a Sermon that he preached upon the 14th and 25di i""'h"t
Yerfes of the 7th Chapter of Daniel, wherein he made it his Bufi- chuK|,'of
nefs to prove, that the Church of Rome was the Beafl: fpoken of in^'""'
the Revelation, and the Whore of Babylon, who makes merchandife
of the Souls of Q^Men. This Sermon being preached before a Num-
ber of the Members of the Univerfity, who out of Curiofity came
to hear him, they met after Sermon with the Clergy, and he being
called before them, was accufed for having faid in his Sermon, f".*^'r^^^
I. That no mortal Man can be the Head of Chrifl's Church. 2. That "'"'''•
the Pope is Antichrift. 3. That no Alteration ou^ht or can be made
in Religion. 4. Tiiat the Sacrament ought to 6e adminiftrated in
Loth kinds. 5. That the Mafs is abominable Idolatry, blafphemdus
to the Death of Jefus Chrift. and a Profanation of the Lord's Sup-
per. 6. That there is no Purgatory. 7. That praying for the
Dead is vain, and to the Dead, is Idolatry. 8. That the Birtiops
that preach by Subftitutcs are no Bifhops. 9. Tiiat by the Law of
God, tiie Tithes do not neceflarly belong to the Church. Mr. Knox
being queftioned, as we have faid, upon thefe AtticleSj a hot Dis-
pute enfued betwixt him and the Clergy, the Sublhnce of which is
in his Hidory, fromPag.78, to Pag. 81. The Clergy taking to their
Confideration what further fhould be done for putting a Stop to
thefe new Dodrines, as they called them, it was refolved amongft
them, that they fhould be afliduous in preaching to the People: In
the mean Time a clofs Siege being laid to the Caftle, and Mr.
Knox perceiving that there were no Hopes of their being relieved
from England, ne took the Occafion, as often as he preached to
them, to tell them of their approaching Danger in being delivered
up to the Hands of their Enemies, for which he was efteemed a
Prophet. Tlie Caftle of St. Andrews being obliged to furrender to
the French who befieged liicm (for thev Would not capitulate with
the Govcinour) upon the laft Day of July the Murderers and their

F £ Aflbciate*

J 14 The Life o/JOHN KNOX the Reformer. Vol. \\\.

'v/^"'^ Adosiates were comiiiitted to the Gallics, and carried to Irartct,
J^^ where, amongll the reft, our Author rtay'd all that Winter : And
p,"'J!i '.n'he tells us (rt\ that wlulft he was aboard of the dailies^ he wrote
Inj allied a Con cdion oF his Faith, which he lent to his Friends and Followcr<
.ofMrnv. -j^ Scotland : Being fet at Liberty in the Beginning of the next Year,
L"lri'/'!njlie came to Scotland; but finding that the I'apids were much fupe-
«'7"V° , rior in Number to thole that favoured the Relormation, and fearint'

SccHana, ami I " 1 r~'\ I I I \

^"'e uIj"^'^ ^'^'^ "^^^ ^ Hands ot the Clergy, he went to England in the
Year 154.8. The Froteftant Religion being then ciUiblifhed in
England by King Edward VI. and here he continued during all that
Prince's Reign, preaching fometimes at Berwick^ (ometimes at
JSlezucafle, and fometimes at London, and became fo famous, that
lie had the Honour of preaching (everal Times before his Majefty;
but that Prince dying in the Year 1553, and Queen Mary luccccd-
InfT to him, who reeftabliflied Popery, he returned again to Scot-
-z^inZLt- i^rid, and coming to Edinburgh., he preached privately to thofe
ih"nce hT wlio were Favourers of the Reformation,- in the Houfe of one John
fr"n^>"/° Stm, who had renounced the Rornijh Religion: Being on Night
called to fup in the Laird of Duns Houle, where young Lithington
was likewile, he and Lithington had a Difpute concerning the Law-
fulnefs of hearing Mafs, which he gives us an Account of in his
Hiftory, Pag.iQO. But finding that the Clergy were fearciiing for
him, he went over to Frankfort., whither a great many Protcuants
had fled out of England, under the Perlecution of Queen c^ary.
Mr. Knox arriving there about the Beginning of the Year 1554, he
found that they had eftabliHied amongfl: them the Englifh Liturgy
as it was in the Reign of King Edward, which he oppofed with all
his Might ; upon which fuch hot Debates and Animofities arofe
aiftongft them, diat he had almoft ruined that Congregation, as
appears from the Hiftory of the Troubles at Frankfort (I/). At laft
thefe poor perfecuted Proteftants fupplicated the Magiftrates, that
tliey would banifh him from their City, as a Firebrand and an In-
cendiary, which he being afraid of, returned again to Scotland, ha-
j»"i"/«rving ftayed for a Time with Calvin at Geneva.

At his Arrival in Scotland, he was very well received by theLaird
of Dun, the Laird of Bar, Robert Camplell of Kmgclugh, Ochiltrie
and Gathgirth ; the Earl of Glencairn, the Lord Erskin, the Lord
Lorn, and the Prior of St. Andrews, afterwards Earl of Q^urray :
And by the Perfwafion of the Earl of Glencairn, he wrote his Letter
to the Qiieen Dowager, which that Earl delivered to her out of his
own Hand, thinking thereby to perfwade her to favour the Refor-
mation of the Church ; but the Queen having read it, delivered it
to the Bifhop of Glafgow, faying to him, (J^ Lord, will you be
f leafed to read a Pafquil : Which coming to Mr. Knox's Ears, he
added feveral Things to it with horrid Coniminations and Threat-
nings of the Wrath of God againft her.

Some

(«) P>K. 8k (1) Printed il Ediobuigb, in i6a».

Vol. II I. The Life of JOHN KNOX the Reformer. JT^

Some of tlie Englifh Congregation at Franckforty whom Mr. iCnox';^^'^^
bad diirwacled from making u(c of the Englifh Liturgy, havin" fct-^^v^
lied at Geneva, they wrote a Letter to Mr. Knox, fhowing that they
had m:ide choice of him to be their Minilter, andearnehly entrea-
ted t at he would come to them with all Expedition, this Letter
Ah-. Knox read out of Pulpit to his Congregation, and he tells (a)
I'hat the fait hul at Edinburgh Juffered little lefs Calamities for his
departing, than did the faithful in the Cofpel after the Perfection
of St. Stephen, however, he comforted them with a Promife of re-
turning to them as foon as they Jhould think fit to recall him. So ta-
king his leave of them, he firft fcnt over before him his Mother "*g«A^."^
in Law Eliz^abeth Bowes, and his Wife Marjory to T)teb in FrancCy
and not long after he followed them himfelf.

He was no fooner gone, but the Clergy fummon'd him to ap-
pear before them at Edinburgh, and upon his not apppearincr he
\vas Burnt in Effigie at the Crofs of Edinburgh \n the Month of 7«- Effigi ""lilj
/y 1555, which he was no fooner advertifed of, but he wrote andeil*.
printed at Geneva an ^appellation ( as he calls it ) to the Nobility
and Commons of Scotland in his own Vindication. In the Year i ^^S
he publifhed his Book called. The firfi Blaji of the Trumpet againjt
the monflrous Government of Women, wherein he endeavours to
prove the Royal Authority of] Women to be inconfiflent with the
Laws of Nature, contrary to the Determinations of the Civilians
and Canonifts, and contrary to the Law of God, for fays he, //
the Scriptures will not allow that a Woman Jhould fpeak in the Con-
gregation, it is not to be thought that they allow or admit of a Female
uidminifiration of the Jupreme Government, that the Jnconveniencies
which truly follow upon Juch a monfirous Practice are many and un-
Jupportable. The main Scope and Defign of this Book was to raife
a Rebellion in England and Scotland, who were then governed by
two Queens : But bavin" in it compared the Emperor to A'fro, and
Mary Queen of England to Jezjabel, this being reprefented to the
Syndicks of Geneva, he was obliged to fly to 'Diep. The Lords of
the Congregation about this Time, very fortunately for him, fent
him a Call to come Home for a fecond Time, for they had fenc
one to him in the Year 1556, and he had come the length ofDiep
in Order to return to them, but there he met with two Letters dif-
charging him to come over, which he took fo ill, that he wrote a
very angry Letter which he has inferred in his Hiflory, however
he was oblii;ed to return to Geneva, and upon this fecond Call
^vlHch was delivered to him in the Month of Nevember 1558, he
was obliged to return to Scotland, to fave himfelf from an Accufa*
tioii of high Treafon which was intented againfl him. Another f"*r'f'h^
Tiling which he was very hopeful would contribute to his Advan-^'***'"'
tagc, was tlie Death of Mary Qpeen of England, which happened
at tliis Time, and feverals of his Congregation returning to Eng'
land f he doubted not but to find a favourable Reception from

F f 1 Queen

iji) ^t/ I'M Hi&. f*(« 107.

li6 The Life of }0 HN KNOX the Reformer. Vol. Iff.

^^^•^^•^ Qiicen EliZjf^l^tflh vvliowas a Proteftaht, and refolved to rc-cftahlifTt
y^^s/^ the Proteftant Religion in England^ but he wa'; mightily deceived^
for his Book being as much acainfl iier Title to the Cfotvn, as*
againft her PredecelTors, thou; who addrelfed her Secretary Mr.
Cecil in his Behalf, for obtaining a Pafs to him through En^liind
to his own Country were maltreated ; whereupon Mr. Knox wrote
a Letter to the Secretary, complaining of this hard Treatment that
his Friends met with, whereas he was only Guilty if there was any
Guilt in the Ca(e, for he could not endure to retradt anv Thing
he had advanced in his Book, and therefore he rells the Secretary,
that he doubted no more of the Truth of his Proportion, than he
did that it was rlie Voice of God, which firft did pronounce this
Penalty againfl Women, Jn Dolour fmlt thoa bear thy Children.
But Mr. Knox being afraid that tliis would neither fatisfy the Queen
nor her Secretary, he falls upon that wonderful Contrivance of the
He iitu providential Right, which was fo ferviceable toDo(5lori5'/;fr/of)t and
•Ithep.ovT-leveral other eminent Divines of the Church ot England, to jufti-
Rightof (y their Proceedings at the Revolution, which was hrft taken notice
'"^'' of, by the eminently learned Mr. Sage, in his Fundamental Charter
of Presbytry, and how juft he has been to Mi. Knox, will appear
from Mr. Knox his own Words in the above cited Letter, dated at
Diet) upon the lOth oi' ^pril 1559, ^'^ich he has inferred in his
Hiftory (a) If any c^an think me ( fays he ) either an Enemy to
the Perfon, or to the Regiment of her vjhom God hath now promoted^
they are utterly deceived in me, for the miraculous Work of God, com-
forting his ajjIicJed by an infrm Vejjel, J do acknowledge, and will
obey the Power of his mo ft potent Hand {raifing up whom befl'plea-
feth his Alajejly to fupprejs fuch as fight agatnfl his Glory ) albeit
that both Nature and God's mofi verfe6i Ordinance, repugn to fuch
Regiment, more plainly to [peak, if^lueen Elizabeth fhall confefs that
the extraordinary ^ifpenfation of God's great Mercy makes that
lawful unto her, zuhich both Nature and God's Law do deny unto all
Women, then fhall none in England be ?nore willing to maintain her
lawful Authority than I pall be, but if [God's wondrous Work Jet afide)
fhe ground, as God forbid, the Jufinefs of her Title upon Confuetude,
Laws and Ordinances of c^en, then J am ajjured that as fuch foo-
Ufh Prefumption doth highly offend God's fupreme Madefy, Jo I
greatly fear her, that her Ingratitude pall not long lake Punip-
ment.

But Secretary Cecil returning no Anfwer to this Letter, Mr. Knox
if>i»t\fi. embarked in a Ship bound (01 Scotland, where he fafely arrived upon
thejdDav o( May 1550, having ftay'd only two Days at Edinburgh
(b), and hearing that tlie Minifters were lummoned by the Queen
Regent to appear before her, to give an Account of their feditious
Pradlices, he went ftraight to Dundee to join them, and from tiience
he came to St. Johnfioun, where the Reformers or the Lords of
the Congregation were then lying, and having preached to them

(«) Page 118. i.>b. j. (t) Ktiux'iHia. Lib. z. Pag. 15;.

Vol. ill. rhe Life of ]OHN KNOX the Reformer. uy

a vcliement Sermon as lie calls ir, agajiiil Idolatry and the Moiiu-'n^v-^
mcnts o( JJolutrj, iiieaning tlie oyMonaJleries, yjltars, Images and^^>^
Crucifixes and other Ornaments of the PopifJj Churches.' The nexc
Day which was the zith of May^ the Mob fell upon the Pricfts
and Monafteries with fucii Fury, that in two Days Time they left
nothing but the \yalls of the Gray and Black Friars ; but that which
is moft to be lamented, was the deftroying of the Charter-Honfe,
which was one ot the moft coflly and magnificent Buildin^rs in the
Kingdom, where likewife was a very flately Tomb, ereded to tho
Memory of King James I. who founded that Monaflery, yet not-
wirhftanding of all this, the Qiieen Regent was willing to capitu-
late with them, and to grant them the tree Exercife o\ their llcli-'
gion, providing they would lay down their Arms, and become
peaceable Subje(fts; and Mr Knox tells us (a), Tfjat Arf^yle and He put. .
the Prior of St. Andrews, their tico chief Leaders, and afthe r(/?r"«'bc*
of them begun to demur al)out it, till he put a Stop to it, by tel/ing'o^'Utc.
them, that f}]e zi-as not to be trufled, for it was one of the ^ArticlestTuTti'^^
of her Faith, that fhe zvas bound to keep no Promife ivith Hereticks.';^'^"^'^''^
/iter this, the Lords ot the Congregation having removed to St.
dyjlndrezis, and tearing fome Tumult might rife upon Mr Knox his
rrcaching, they earneltly entreated him to defift, but by no Means
would he be perfwaded to do it : So going to the Pulpit, and ta-
king for his Text the ilth Verfe of the iift Chapter o( Matthezu,
concerning Chrifl's cafling out the Buyers and Sellers out of his Tem-
ple, he eiicourac;ed the Mob to imitate their Brethren at Sv
fohnftonn, which rhey did with all Expedition, the Mapi- ."* '"""''•

'i -11 li'iio b '"= Mob |(C

Itrates concurring witli them, plundering and deftroyincr all tlie^'- '<"''"«"i
Religious Houfcs diere. The Queen Regent finding that they^"*"^"'"
were ftill turning more and more infolent, flie refolved to fight ""^."
tliem, and accordingly both Armies met for that End at Coupar-
moor, but by the McJiation of" the Duke of Chattleheratdt, and Mon-
frcur Tfof,el on the Queen Regent's part, and Archibald Earl of
Arzyle, and tlie Prior of 'bt. aylndreivs on the Congregations parr,
a CcHacion of Arms was concluded and fubfcribed "upon the ijth
Day of June, yet notwithftanding of this, the Mob burnt the Abba-
cy and Palace o( Scoon.

Mr. JCnox returning to Edinburgh, wrote a Letter to Secretary
Cecil (b): and another inclofed within it to Qiicen £//,5:,<7/ifr/;, both* L^itr^'i
dated at Edinburgh the i8th Da^ of July, that to Secretary Cecil,^"t .^'
was to exhort iiim to join with tnc Congregation, for he and the,^/'iI,"hi7o»;
Laird of Grange in a Meeting at St. Andreivs, after they had come ^"*'"'"'"'
Irom Coupar-moor, agreed, That the moft proper Way to engage
tile Queen of England to their fide, was to urge the Danger of tne
JrcncVs conquering England as well as Scotland, and therefore in
this Letter he only hints at this Contrivance of his own, leaving
the full Detail of the Matter to a Letter fent at the Tame Time to
the Secretary by tiic Lords of the Congregation, and complains,

G g that

' ' -' '■ ' — " ■ — ' • — ' II II "

\j»j ibiJ )'<K< 1411. (i) ^( liK HUt. Lib, ]. f'f. lit, 19 r<|. Jiy,

lid The Life 6/" JOHN KNOX ihe Reformer. Vol. Iff.

r^'^^^'^ that alchou'^h lie had by diveric Letters required a f Jccnfc to vifir
'-«"V*0 Ills Friends 'ill the Norcii of £«^AiW(^, yet he could never obtain a
favourable An(Wer. In his Letter to the Q_ueen, he infilK upon
lier Providential Right, for by no Means would he retradtwhat he
had wrote a'^ainft her Rii^ht, and that of his own (liieen. I cannot
deny ( (avs ite ) the ivrittng of n Book again Jl the,tijiir\)ei'l yfnthority
and un^tift Regiment of Women, neither yet am I minded to rectnt
or call La k any principal Point or Proportion of the fame, till Truth
and Verity do further appear. To thefe Letters the Secretary re-
turned an Anfwer with Alexander White law, who had been (ent with
them, in that to tlie Lords of the Congregation, he infixed only upon
Generals, fo that they knew not what to make ot it, but his Anlwcr
to Mr. JCnox was as follows.

Mr. Knox,
Thesteit. ]\Jon efl mafculus neque foemina, omnes enim ut ait Paulus unum
fwer. fumus in Chrijlo Jefu, l/enedicltis vir qui confdtt in domino (^ erit
dominus fidncta ejus.

" T Have received your Letters at the fame Time that I thought
'• JL to have (een your felf at Stamford, what is now hitherto the
*' Caufe of your Letter I know not ; I forbear to defcend to the
'* Bottom of Things, till I may confer with fuch an one as ye are :
" And therefore it your Chance fhall be hereafter to come hither,
" I wifli you furniOied with good Credit and Power to make good
" Refolution. Although my Anfwer to the Lords of the Congre-
" gation be fomewhat obfcure, but upon further Undcrfta?uling ye
" Ihall find the Matter plain. I need to wifh you no more Prudence
" than God's Grace, whereof God fend you plenty, and fo I end.

From Oxford the l8th Tours as a Member of the

of fuly, 1559. fame Body in Chrift,

c^/r. CECIL

Mr. K10X tells us, that he was at Berwick when he received
thefe Letters, upon which he immediately returned to Stirling,
where rhe Lords of the Congregation were, but they having the
Secretary's Letter read to them, and finding nothing but fuch general
Things, as that they could make nothing of, they defpairecT of ha-
ving Succefs with him ; and all that our zealous Author could ob-
tain from them, was a Liberty to do in it as he thought fir. Upon
this Mr. Knox wrote another Lerter to Cecil, wherein he acquainted
him of their fmall Number, which was then but five hundred, and
alTures him, That unlefs Money he furnifhed without delay to pay the
Soldiers for their paji Ser'vice, and to retain another thouf^nd Foot-
men, with three hundred Horjemen, thefe Gentlemen would be forced
to leave the Fields, but that he could affure him, As Flefh may he
Flejh, that they would take a very hard Life before that ever they
zvotild Jtibmit to the Queen Regent; and Ukewife tells him, T^}at is

not

Vol. III. The Life o/" J O H N K N O X r/;f Reformer. i j 9

not knoivn what good Will Mr. Whitelaw, the Laird 0/ Grange and';^^-^
he do kar to tngland : And he concludes with aflunng liim, that^^'^
he heard with h'ls Ears Buttcn Court fay, Tlmt they would haz^ard
the Crown of France in the Caufe ; and J can ajjure you, fays he, that
tinlcfs h us they thought to make an Entry to you, that they would not
iuy oitr Po'verty at that Price.

Upon the receiving of this Letter, Secretary Cecil remitted a Sum Tiie grMt
of Monev to them with Mr. Henry Balneves, which enabled them^."»''.n'Z
to oppofe the Queen Regent more than ever, and all the Religious f.^"«or.d
Houfes were burnt and pulled down ; for by Mr. Knoxs Treachinos^iiJ **"
in Perth Shire and Fife, not only thofe of Perth, Scoon and ^x.. An-
drews., as we have faid, were demolifhed [a), but likewife thofe of
Creil, aAnfiruther, Pitenweem, Cowpar, the noble Abbacy of Cam-
huskenncth near to the Town oi Stirling, and marching to LinlithaoWy
they dcftroyed and broke down all the Religious Houfes and Altars
tiiat were there : Tiie like they did at Edinburgh, and in all the
other Parts of the Kingdom, fo that the whole Nacion was laid de-
folate and in Rubbifh : But Mr. Knox not beins; fatisfied with this,
he writes a Letter to thofe of the Weft (b), upbraiding them with
their Slownefs in the Work of the Lord, as he calls it, and not
haftenin" to join the Englifh Forces under the Command of the
Duke otNorthfolk.

The Queen Regent having taken Foffenion of the Town of
Edinburgh, it was thought fit by the Lords of the Congregation,
that Mr. Knox fhould be removed from Edinburgh, and Mx'^Wtllox
be lett in his Place ; who, tho' he was as violent as Mr. Knox, yet
he had not offended the Queen Regent fo much ; but at length the
Lords of the Congregation becoming iVibre powerful than the Queen ,h""f^fin|
Regent, they depofed her ; but that they might not feem to do it^^J:;.^"*'
out of Spite or Malice, they asked the Advice of their Teachers,
Mr. Willox And our Author, who both of them gave tlieir Opinion
for depriving her of her Authority : And Mr. Knox having approved
of all that his Brother Mr. WtUox had faid, added (c), Firfi, That
the Inicjuity of the '§jieen Regent and Diforder, ought in no v)ays to
withdraw, neither our Hearts, nor yet the Hearts of other Snb)eds
from the Obedience due unto our Sovereign, idly, That if they de-
fofed the faid Qjteen Regent, rather of (^Malice and privdte £nvyy
than for the Prejervation of the Common-Wealth, and for" that her
Sins, at) feared incurable, that they fhould not efcape God's juf Punifh-
mtnt, however that fhe had deferved Rejection from Honours. And
Ladly, He reo^uired that no fuch Sent end fhould be pronounced againfl
ifir, but that upon known and open Repentance, and t-pon her Conver-
fion to the Common-Wealth, and Submijjion to the Nobility, place
Jhould he granted unto her of Regrefs to the fame Honours, from the
which, for jufi Caufes fhe juflly might be deprived

Not long after this, tlie Queen Regent having got the Advantage
over the Lords of the Congregation'^ they were mightily dejedled

G g I and

t*) ifoiL Lik. }. p. iiv CO p. „,, U) lik ). tVifi^ Co Ub. 1. r. i;^ "

120 The Life o/JOHN KNOX the Reformer. Vol. Iff.

''^^^^^ and di(coiiraL;eJ, till our Author raifed up their Hearts hy a con-

J\'/^" (olarory Seimoii, preached to them at Stirling upon the ytli of

Novewlicr, taking tor his Text the 5. <5, 7, and 8th Vcrfes of the

^O J'iiihn, the SuMance of wliich Sermon is inferred in Ins Hiflory,

from Pfl(r. 106, till Pag. li i. But the next Year i5<5o, the Lords

of the Coni^regation having brought a ftrong Army from England

to aHlrt them, and the Queen Regent dyin^ of Grief, they prevailed

every where ; and our Author Mr. /(720X being eftablifhed jMiniflcr

"V"m'"'of'at Edinburgh, he drew up a Form of Church Difciplinc upon the

^w"! ^'^' Geneva Model, which he prefented to the States of Parliament, to

>a'eabV«hebe ratified and approved by them; but they did not think fit to

s'l'^^ofp"- approve of ir, but to pleale Mr. Knox, who was daily complaining

in his Sermons that there were ftill remaining feveral Religious Houfes

Heproc.es,,, ^\-^q Kinndom, they pad an A(fl: for demolifhing all Cloyfters and

an A£i of 1 '-' 1 1 -■ 1111 r' » « t^ 1 i

r.ri,.m<Tr Abbav Churches that were not yet pulled down : 1-or Mr. Knox had

ins cTL'h told them plainly in one of his Sermons, that it was a Duty incum-

fnj'ciuyft'ii bent upon them ; for, faid he, The true Way to hanijh the Rooks , is

"Z"z 'm to pill down their Nejls (a). And the Execution of the Acff for the

dom.'^'"^" Wed Parts was committed to the Earls of ylrran, ^rgyle and Glen-

cairny for the North Parts to the Prior of St. oAndrews^ now called

Lord lames, and for the In-Countries to fome Barons that were

held mod zealous. Whereupon, (ays Bidiop Spotfivood [b), enjued a

■pitiful Vaflation of Churches and Church-builaings throughout all the

Parts of the Realm, for every one made bold to put to their Handsy

the meaner Sort imitating the Example of the greater, and thofe ivha

were in Authority. No Difference was made, but ali the Churches

cither defaced, or pulled to the Ground ; the Holy Vejfels, and what-

foever elfe o^Men could make Gain of, as Timber, Lead and Bells

ivere put to jale, the very Sepulchres of the T)ead were not fpared, the

Regiflers of the Church and Bibliothccks cafl into the Fire ; in a

Word, all was ruined, and what had efcaped in the Time of the frfl

Tumults, did now undergo the common Calamity. Xqi this did not

fully fatisfy Mr. Knox, for after the Parliament was dilfolved, he

got together a Meeting of leveral Noblemen and Barons, who

lubfcribed to his Book of Difcipline, in Oppofition to the States of"

Parliament.

Queen o^ary having come from France, and being informed

He h.i 1 ^^^^^ ^^^* ^'^^^ ^^^^ o"^ ^^ ^'^^ Indruments of the Civil War, fhe
Conference fent for hiui ; and there being none prefent but the Qiieen, Lord
qlieti!.* James and he, fhe told him that he had raifed a Rebellion againll
her Mother and her, that he had wrote a Book againd her Autho-
rity, that he had introduced a new Religion amongd her Subjedls,
and that, as {he was informe^l, he was a Necromancer. Mr. Knox
gives us an Account (c) how he anfwered all thefe Accufations ; but
we (hall only obferve, that he own'd that what was done in Defence
of Religion, could not be called Rebellion : ^nd that if any Prince
undertook to murder the Children of God that are Jubjeii unto them,

their

<«) fc« Spoif Lib. \. p. 175.. (0 IM. (0 la bit Hiil. Lib. 4. from F. }io (0 }i;.

Vol. III. The Life o/'JOHN KNOX the Reformer. ill

An.

their blind Zeal is nothing Ut a wry mad Phrenz^y, and therefore j,^ ,j^^
to take the Sword from them, to bind their Hands, and to cafl them'''^''*^^/'*^
into Frifon, tiU that they be brought to a morefober Mind, is no T>if-
obedience a^atnft Princes, but jujl Obedience, becaufe that it agreeth
zvith the Word of God. He acknowledged that he wrote a Book
a-niinft the Regiment of Women, and was ftill of that Opinion }
but althou'^h learned Men did often differ in Opinions, that they
ftill fubmitted where tile Generality prevailed, and that he was k)
fully perfwaded of the Unlawfulnefs of a Woman's having the fu-
preme Authority, Tliat he thought himjelf alone more able to Ju ft am
the Things affirmed in that Work than any Ten in Europe that fhall
be able to confute it. And no lefs confident was he of confuting the
icarncdeft Papift in Europe, if he durft but enter the Lifts with him
before her Majefty. And Laftly, . As to the Accufation oi Necro-
mancy, it was not worth his Pains to notice it, fince Chrift himfelf
was accufed of it by his Enemies. After tiiis Conference, Mr. Knox
bcincT asked by (ome of his Friends, What he thought of the Hi.ch^.-
Qiieen ? He faid. If there be not in her a Proud Mind, a crafty Wit,^^,fj^
and an indurat Heart againfl God and his Truth, my Judgment

faileth me. , , « i /• i /• i •

The Barons requiring that Orders fhould be taken for the luftam-

in<T of Minifters, the Lords of her Majefty's Privy Council having
met upon the 20th of December 1 561, they ordered that the Church-
men ftiould have Intromiflion and Medling with two Parts of their
Benefices, and that the tiiird Part ftiould be gathered by fuch Men
as thereto ftiould be appointed ; which fo grieved Mr. Knox, that „,, ^^^^^
in one of his Sermons he faid (a). Well, if the End of this Or^f r ^n,««_^^co»;
pretended to be taken for Suftentation of <^tnifters be happy, my Thi.d..
Judgment fails me. For J am ajjured that the Spirit of God is not
the (tAuthor of it, for fir ft I fee two Parts freely gi'ven to the Devil,
and the Third muft be divided between God and the Devil. WeU,
bear W/inefs to me, that this Day I faid it, eer it be long the Devil
/hall ha,ve three 'Parts of the Third, and judge then ivhat God's

Portion will be. , , ^ r ■^ ^ -n ^ c

Mr. Knox in the Year i$6l had a Conference with the Earl ot He^h*'*
'Bothwellm private, wherein he confcfled his lewd and wicked Li(el2ZT,,i
to him, and defired his Aftlftance in being reconciled to tlie Earl;„/,"J;^i!'
of y^rran ; what his Confeftion was,- Mr. Knox has revealed to the Ji ^^""^'"^
World, and in Gratitude he was bound to ferve the Earl ; for he
tells us (b). That his Great Grand-father, his Grand-father and Fa-
ther had been Servants to the Earl's Predeceftbrs, fo it is no wonder
that he did the Earl diat Piece of Service, which was of no long
Duration ; for immediately after, as he tells us, the Earl oi Jrran „^,..,,^
turn'd mad : Not long after this the Queen tor her Diverfion having ;h^;^ co"f..
iiad a Ball in her Palace at Holy-Rood-Houfe, Mr. Knox from thence ,^h.Qi.,„.
took the Occafion in a Sermon to reprove the Queen font, which «p,n^v„^
flic bcinii informed of, Tent for him, and told him in Prefence ot ,|„g.
^ H h t'le

U) HU HiA. r. )•)■ (*; IM, Uk. 4- t. ))«.

Ill The Life o/JOHN KNOX the Reformer. Vol. Iff.

'"1^'^^*"^ the Lord farnes, tlic Earl of Morton, Sccrerary Lithtn^ton, and
^•^ fome Ladies ot the Bed-chamber, that he was acciifed ()\ /peaking
irreverently ot her, his endeavouring to make her odious to her
Subjects, and of going beyond the Bounds of his Text : As for his
fpeaking irreverently of iier, he told her. That ifjhe had heard what
he had jaid, tf there zuere any Spark of the Spirit of Cod, yea of llonejly
or Wifdom in her, (he zcould not hanje l)een ojfended : Then refuniing
the Subftance of iiis Diicourfe to herfroinhis Text, which was,
And nozu under f and O ye lOngs, and be learned ye that ]udqe the
'Earth. He acknowledged that he had faid, that all Princes (fid de-
fpife the Law of God and his holy Ordinances, taking more Pleiifure
jn [idling and paging, m which they are more exercifed, than in rea-
ding crnearing Gods mojl Ue'Jed Word, and Fidlers and Fhitterers
( ivljich commonly corrupt the Touth ) are more precious in their Eyes,
than Men of IVifdom and Gratuity, that although he did not find
dancing commended in the Scriptures, and that prophane Writers con-
demn d it rather as the Gejlure of mad and phrenetick People, than
of thofe that zuere fober and in their Wits, yet he did not utterly con-
demn it, providing that the ufe of it do not take them off' their prin-
cipal Duty, and as the Philiftines their Fathers, for the Pleafure they
take in the T) if pleafure of Cod's People, for if they do thefe or either
of them, they Jhall receive the Rezvard of Dancers, and that zvill be
to Drink in Hell. The Qiieen having given him a gentle Repri-
mand, told him, that tho' fhe and her Uncles differ'd from him in
their Religion, yet when he heard any Thing ot her that he thought
deferved his Reproof, he ought to come and admonifh her of it
in private, to this Mr Knox anfwered, that he was alTured that her
Uncles were Enemies to God and to his Son Jefus C'lr.ft : But as
to his admoniOiing of her in private. He zoas called to a publick
Fun^ion within the Church of God, and appointed by God to rebuke
the Vices and Sins of all, but that he zoas not appointed to come to
every Man in particular, to fhozv him his Offence, for that Labour
zvere infinit : But if her Md]efly zuere plea fed to frecjuent the. publick
Sermons, then he doubted not but that fhe fhould under fland both zvhat
he liked and difiked in her o^ajefy as in all others. Having taken
his leave of the Qiieen, he fays he heard fome Papifts faying, he
is not afraid, to which he anfwered, What Jhould the pleajant Face
of a Lady a fray me ?

The next Year bein^ i$6'^. The Congregation refolving to put

to Death fuch of tlie PopifK Priefts (^7), as fhould be found faying

He hi. . Mafs, the Queen fent for Mr. Knox, fhe was then at Lochleven, and

le«e*^r.h' '"'e tells us (/>), that fhe dealt with him for two Hours before Sup-

ihe Quc.n, pgr jI^^j hg would be inflrumental in difTwading them from puni-

the Power of {}iina thofe who differ'd from them in Reliiiion, but he infilling

Joi.tert. upon the Lawfulnefs of their punifhing them, unlefs fhe did it her

felf; (he asked him, WiUye allozv that they fj ill tike m\ Srcord in

their Hand ? To this he anfwered, TInit the Sword of fuftice zvas

God's

C«) Ub4.P. 3j». (i) Ibid.

Vol. 1 1 1. The Life of JOHN KNOX the Reformer. j 2 2

God's Sv.wrd, and that if Princes made not the right ufe of it, the X/^^
Rulers under them that fear God ought to do it : And to prove this^'^\^'
he told her, that Samuel [pared not to flay Agag the fat and delicate
King o/'Amaleck whom Saul had faved, neither [pared Elias, Jcza-
hcVs falfe Prophets and Bsi^VsfalJe Triefts, albeit that King Aliab was
prefcnt, Pliineas was no Magi fir ate, and yet he feared not to ftrike
Zimbri and Cozbi in the very Ail of filthy Fornication, for he noways
doubted but they were as much guided by the Spirit of God as any of
thefe vjere-

The States of Parliament having met upon the 19th Day o^ May
15^3, Mr. Knox and his Brethren were for taking fuch violent Mea-
fures, that even the Lord fames, then Earl of Murray, the Queen's
greateft. Enemy, and Mr. Knoxs moft intimate Friend, fell at fuch va"!nc"' **
Variance about it, that Mr. Knox after that he had upbraided them'Ae''friend
Earl, as if he hud raifed him from nothing; he fays, {a), That heA^^!' "^
fent him a Letter difcharging the /aid Earl of all further Intromit-
fion or Care with his Affairs, and Tor an Year and a half they fpakc
not together. The Brethren finding that they could not prevail
with the Earl of Murray to break Meafures with the Queen, their
next Method was to fall a railing at tlie Parliament for the Vanity
of their Apparrel, which Mr. Knox Charafterizes thus, Such (/>),
(linking Pride of Women as was feen at that Parliament, was never
feen in Scotland, three fundry Days the §lueen rode to the Tol booths
the firjl T)ayfhe made a painted Oration, and there might have beert
heard among ft her Flatteries vox Dian^e, the Voice of a Goddefs, for it
could not be Dei and not of a Woman, God fave that Face, was there
ever Orator fpake fo properly and fojweetly, &c. But this Proje(5t fai-
ling them, Mr. Knox fell upon another Knack of incenfing her Sub-
jects againft her, which was this, at this Time a Projedl of the
Qiieen's Marriage with the King of Spain was fet on Foot, and
he bein" Roman-Catholick, Mr. Knox eoes to the Pulpit, and "<P'"<^.''«#
arrer lie had laid a great many Things concerning the Danger that^«"'«
the Proteftant Religion was in, he told them plainly, Tljat when- "^
Joever the Nobility of Scotland ivho' profejfeth the Lord Jejus, con-
sents that an Infidel ( and all Papifis are Infidels ) Jhall be Head of
our Sovereign, ye do Jo far as in yoti lyeth to banifij Chrifi fefus from
this Realm, yea to bring God's Vengeance upon the Country, and a
Plague upon your [elves. The Queen being informed of this Sedi-
tious Sermon, fhc fent for him, and having upbraided him withhef
merciful Treatment of him ever fince he came to the Country, not-
withftanding of which he ftill infulted over her more and more;
at wliicli flic burft forth in Tears, which he mofl inhumanely mocks
at. She asked iiim what he had to do with her Marriage, and af-
ter mofl infulting Language, he told her what he had laid out of
tlie Pulpit : But fhc was advifed not to punifh him as he deferved,
fo lie was difmiffed for tiiat Time, yet he acknowledges (c), That
this Manner of [peaking was judged intolerable, and that both Pro^

H It 1 teftants

(') Lik. 4- C'C- iih U) IM. (0 llhd. r<{. ))?.

124 The Life o/JOHN KNOX the Reformer. Vol. Id.

A,7i~,' teflnrits and Ptipijts ivere offended at hirn^ and that his rmf familiar
Friends difdained him for I peaking fo.

'"■^'^^ Friends difdained him for fpeakin^ fo.

Ill the Month oi October, a Mob having infultcd the Qiiccn's
jie ii Servants at the Palace oF Holy-Rood-HoHje, ibiric of tlicm , were ap-
brougiu wt-pichendccl and thrcatncd to be feverely piinifhed, to prevent which,
Ql«n-$ Mr. Knox having confiilccd his Brethren, he wrote circular Letters
.cTftj'r" for railing the whole Country to relieve them, one of which fal-
ihrTrgllling into the Prcfident oi the Sedions Hands was fent to the Queen ;
knou'i.Je's.and about the middle of December, a Council was called, and
"d.'''''"°'"Mr./(77o;c being brought before them, was accufed for convocating
the Queen's Lieges, which he acknowledged, and infulted her
Majedy before her own Council, of all which he gives us a very
large and particular Account (a), and fays, That both the Tapifts
and Pioteftants abfolved him, and that when the Queen perceived
rhe Prefident of the SelTion Henry Sinclair Bifhop of Rofs voted
with the reft in his Favour, flie faid, Trouble not the Bairn, J pray
yon trouble him not, for he is newly wakened out of his Sleep, why
fl;culd not the eld Fool follow him that paj^ed before htm ? The Bifhop
anfwered coldly. Tour Majejly may confider that it is neither Af-
fe^ion to the ofMan, nor Love to his Profejjion that moved me to Ab-
folve him, but the fimvle Truth. And the General Af\embly that
met in the fame Month likewife oAbfolved him from ali that was laid
to his Charge. But I am ahaid that this unanimous Confent of the
Council, is much of the fame Nature with what he reports to have
happened at the fame Time (b), to wit, That the Sea for 24 Hours
did neither ebb nor fow. A General Alfembly having met in the
Month of fune 1 564, Secretary Lithington defired that they might
alter their Way and Manner or Praying for the Queen as an Ido-
later, and as one excluded from the Eledion of God, upon which
there enfued a long Difpure betwixt Mr. Knox and him, wherein
He hit »Mr. Knox affirmed. That it was not lawful to pray for her otherwife^
&c?cu"iy*i!.'^ that they had Reafon to think that flie was zvorfe than Simon Magus,
tSn'he and that it zvas lawful for Subjects not only to reffi, but to dethrone
and punifh their Princes, the Power of making and unmaking of them

maintAinSi

ihit it wii ^

''°\^"^i^^"\Z being in the People.

Q^u«n but jjie Queen having married the Lord Darnly her own Coufin-

as in Uclaltr ^^ . 0_. ^ ••'..„.._

thai ue

cfill and

on
Ptu.tcJ.

and that ue German, and a young Gentleman of a very lovely Afpedl, his firfl

mayiefilland . •', ^ . C \ V> 1 1^1 I

«i(tl..one Attempt to gain the Opinion or the People, was to go to the Church,
^'"""' and no Body doubted but this would pleafe M^.Knox; and accor-
Hepteaciieidingly upou Sunday the 19th o( Auguf he came to hear him in
K.ngld*" St. Giles Church, where Mr. Knox made choice for his Text the
t^;ch"'he^°lxxvi Chapter of the Prophet Jfaiah, Verfe 15. O Lord our God,
'thc'coulniother Lords than thou have ruled over us. He from thence took
"''''• Occafion to fpeak of the Government of wicked Princes, and amongft
other Things, he faid, That God fometimes fet over his People for
their Ingratitude and Offences, Women and Boys, alluding to the
King and Qiieen, and that Ahab and his Pofterity, becaufe Jie

would

C«) Fiom Pag. j«3. Lib. 4. to Pag. JJi- (*) Ibid. Pag. 374,

and licen

Vol. ill. The Life o/JOHN KNOX the Re/orwer 115

not take Older with that Harlot Jez^abel^ were pLiniihcu, ui^.i-^^^"-^
which ti-.c King was fo incenfed, that he was immediately rummo-^Ai.^w'
ncd before the Council, where he not only own'd what he iiad
faid, but Uk'cwife added, That as the King had to pleafe the ^eea
^one to c^Iafs, and dt [honoured the Lord God, Jo [hould God in his
^Jujlice make her the htjlrument of his Ruin. Yet all the Council
did to him for this Iniolcnce, was to filence him for 1 5 or 10
Days

In the Month of ^December i '^66, Mr. Knox obtained from the
Aflbmbly then fitting, not only Liberty to vifit his Sons who were Hegoe»to
then following their Studies at the Univerfity o^ Cambridge, but z.^"i'hit'%^^.
Letter from the AOembly in Favours of fome Preachers, who wereV^^'of"'
troubled for not conforming themfelves to the Orders of rhat^"^"'^''
Church, diiec'lied thus. The Superintendants, oJTkliniJfers and Com-
mijjioners of the Church xvtthin the Realm of Scotland, to their Bre-
thren the Bifhops and Pajlors of England, ivho ha've renounced the
Roman <*/lntichrifl, and do Profejs with them the Lord J ejus mfin-
cerit), ivifJ) the increaje of the Holy Spirit, the Letter Jt (elf is in
Spot tj wood' a Hiftory (a).

Mr. Knox having ftay'd above a Year in England, returned to his
Flock at Edinburgh, and Spotijwood tells us, that when the Re2;enr
was killed in the Year 1569 (b). Mr. Knox utter'd a notable Pro-
phecy from tiic Pulpit, againft Thomas Maitland a younger Bro-
ther of Lithingtons, but I fhall fhew the contrary of this in the Life
of that young Gentleman's Governour, and that this Predidion was
as falfe as all the reft of his Predi(5lions were.

An Aflembly having • met at Stirling in the Month of Augufi
1571, and Mr. Knox being then Sick at St. Andrews, he wrote a
Letter to them, exhorting them to (land firm to tlieir Intercft, for '?''i?"'^
now in all Probability he was dying, and indeed not long after he^*'*
died at Edinburgh upon the 17th o( November 1 571 ; And Mr. Da-
vid Buchanan who writes his Life, gives us a long Account of his
pious Exhortations, Prayers and Ejaculations at his Death, which
Bilhop Spotijwood in his Hiftory has tranfcribed from him Word
for Word.

This Author has been varioufly chara(n:erized by the Learned, ac-
cording to their different Inclinations to the Churches of CfWL'tf,
Rome and England, and we fhall begin with Ceneva.

Calnjin and Bez,a had a very great Efteem for him, as it appears
from their Letters, and the great Friendfhip that was betwixt Calnjin
and him. Mr. David Buchanan fays (c). " That he was a Man en-
" dued with many excellent Gifts, and with a very great Meafure of
" the Spirit, God raifed him up to be a chief Inftrument of the
" glorious Work of the Reformation ; the Court Claw-backs and
" Parafitcs have been, and are difpleafed with his Dodfrine tou-
♦* ching the Authority of Princes and Civil Magiftrates, although
" dierc was never Man who did more heartily reverence civil Ai>-
____^__ I ' " thority,

(«) Lib. 4- f«8t iv8. (t) Lib. 5. P.g« »J4. (0 Ml. Kaoi"i Lift prcfiicd to hJi Hiftorr.

Ii6 The Life 0/ JOHN KNOX the Rejormer. Vol. \]\.

JJ^/^ *' thority, nor obey more willingly the lawful Commands tlicrcof
^A/^ " than lie, all liis Dodrine concerning the civil Authority, was to
" corredl the Corruption brought in by the flavi/h Flatterers, who
" abufing the Simplicity and Debonarity of thofe whom Cod has
" placed in Authority, maketh tlicm inconHdcrately to rebel wiWulIy
" and openly againlt God and his Son, and turn all Things upfitld
*' down, and undo the poor People ot God, (or who/e Ciood and
" Safety they are placed fo high, likewife were and are to this Day
" the proud Prelates and idle Belly-Gods highly offended with his
" Docflrine concerning Church Government, although he intended
" no other thing but the pulling down of yintichrtpianifm fully,
" and carting all Tyrrany and Idlenefs out ot the Houfe of God.
" Never was a Man more obfervant of the true and jult Authority
" of Church Rulers, according to the Word of God, and Prad ice
" of the pureft primitive Times : He always urged prcffingly due
" Obedience by the People to the faithful Paflors and Elders of the
" Church, altho' he was both learned and eloquent, yet did he not
" much apply his Mind to compofe Books for Pofterity, for he was
" wont to (ay, that God had called him rather to inflrucfl the Igno-
*' rant, comfort the Sorrowful, rebuke the Sinners, and confirm the
" Weak living in his Time, than to make Books for Ages to come.
'* Neverthelefs, he wrote feveral good Pieces, for befides what we
" have fpoken of already, vizj. His Hijlory of the Reformation, his
" appellation from the Church of Scotland, his Admonition to the
" Commons of Scotland, his cyddmonition to the Profejjors of Truth
" in England, a Letter to the §lneeH Regent and a Sermon; all which
" he has printed with his Hiftory ; namely he left the(e, A learned
" Treatife agatnft the hlafphemous Anabaptifts, two Treatifes againjl
" the Majs, one of the Eucharifl, fome Sermons upon Gene(is, fome al-
^^ Jo upon the Pfalms, an Exhortation to all ajjli(^ed Churches; an yld-
" vice in Time of Trouble, the firf Blaft of the Trumpet, &cc. Be-
" fides thefe he wrote a Book againft Tyre the Jejuite. He died An.
" 'Dam. 1 5-72, and of his Age 61. His Body was inrer'd at St. Giles
" without the Church; to his Burial a/lifled many Men of all Ranks,
" among others the Earl oi Morton., who being near to the Grave,
" as the Corps was put in, faid by Way of Epitaph, Here lyes the
" Body of him, luho tn his Lifetime never fear d the Face of Man".

Mr. Calderwood gives this Account of him {a), " Mr. Knox de-
" parted this Life upon the 24 oi November, the Light and Comfort
" of our Kirk, and a Pattern to Minifters for Holinefs of Life,Soundners
" of Dodtrine, and couragious Liberty in rebuking of Perfons of what-
" foe ver Rank : Bifhop i?/V/(?y, notwithftanding hisOppofitiontothe
" Book of Common Prayer and Englifh Ceremonies, confe(Teth in
" a Letter to Mr. Grindal, that he was a Man of good Wit, of much
" good Learning and earneft Zeal, in Eloquence and forcible Ex-
«' prefTion of his Mind, either by Word or V/rit, he furpafTed aH
*' other of his Calling in this Nation ; how profound he was in

Divini-

(.«) Odittirood'i Hlft. f>g- 55>

Vol. III. The Life of JOHN KNOX the Reformer. 1 17

" Divinity, tliat Work of his upon Predeftination may give Evidence : 'i^^^
" Incredible was the Succefs of his Pains in planting of the Gofpeij^-K^
" and the Work of Reformation, till Religion was fo eftabliflied,
" that fcarce a Papift durft fet up his Head, and avoucii for Popery :
" He alone did more good than all the Superintendants, and for
" his Gifts was more efteemed. How many Things did he foretell
" which came to pafs. When the Caftle of Su Andrews was bcfie^ed
" both by Sea and Land, after the Slaughter of the Cardinal, and
" the Defenders within triumphed upon any good Succefs ; he ever
" faid, they never faw what he faw : When they bracrged of the
" Screnc;th and Thicknefs of their Walls, he faid, Tlfey will prove
" like E^g-Shels- When they faid, England will relieve us, he faid,
" Te jhall not fee them at this Ttme, hut Jhall be delivered into your
*' Enemies Hands., and carried into a Jlrange Country, and fo it came
" to pafs. When the Lords of the Congregation were twice di{^
*' comfited by tiie French Soldiers, he aflured them, that the Lord,
" notwithftanding, would perfedl the Work of the Reformation.
" Becaufe Qiieen t^Mary refufed to come to Sermon, he bad tell
" her, that fhe fhall be compelled to hear the Word nill fhe will
" fhe, and fo it came to pafs at her Arraignment : To her Husband
*' king Henry, fittine on the King's Seat in the great Kirk, he faid,
*' Have ye for the Pleafure of that dainty Dame cafl the Pfatm Book
" in the Fire, the Lord fhall flrike both Head and Tail When he
" was conflrained to leave Edinburgh, the Queen's Fadion poffef-
" fing both the Town and Caflle, he went to St. aAndrezcs : At this
'■ Time being weak in Body, but mighty in Spirit, he ftept foftly
*' to the Kirk, that Day he was to preach, having a Staff in the one
" Hand, and his Servant Richard Bannantin holding him up on tlie
" other Side, all the Way from the Abbay tothePanfhKirk, after he
" was lifted up to the Pulpit, it behooved him to reft a While ; but
" before he ended his Sermon, he became fo adlivc and vigorous,
" that he was like to break the Pulpit in Pieces : He threatned that
" the Caftle of Edinburgh fliould fpew out the Captain Cmeaning
*' Sir Willianj Kirkcaldie of the Grange) with Shame, that he fhould
" not come out at the Gate, but over the Walls, and that the Tower
" of tiie Caftle called Davie's Tovjer fhall run like a Sand Glafs.
" Mr. Robert Hamilton Minifter at St. ^Andrews, favouring the
" Hamiltons who were upon the Queen's Fad;ion, asked Mr. Knox
*' what Warrant he had fo to threaten, he anfwered, Thou fJjall fee
*' it With thine Eyes : It came fo to pafs, for the faid Mr. RoberC
" was in Edinburgh when the Fore-work of the Caftle was demoli-
*' fhcd with the Battery of Cannons, and did run down like a Tandy
" Brae, he faw the Captain coming over the Walls upon a Ladder
" witli a Staff in his Hand, becaufe the Paffage by the Gate was ftopt
*' with the Rubbifh of the demolifhed Work : After tiie Abftinence
" was proclaimed, and the Citizens who ftood for the King retur-
*' ned to Edinburgh, Mr. Khox returned alfo the i^ih of zJuguf^
" not being able tor Weaknefs to teach in the great Kirk, he taugiit

I i 1 "to

Am. IjU.

128 The Life of JOHN KNOX the Reformir. Vol. \\l

'' to a icw in the Tol booth : He wrote to Mr. J awes Lawjon ,S(il>
" Principal in j^herdeen to haftcn, lead he came too late ; for he
" was nomiiiatc by himfelf, and accepted by the People to he his
" SiiccelVor in that Place; upon the ic^th of November he came
" down from the Tolbooth, where he had been preaching to an
" hundred Perlbns, admitted Mr. James in the great Kirk, and toolc
" Goodnight of the People : Upon the 14th J)ay, thinhng it had
" been the Lord's Day, he rifech of Purpofe to teach in the Tol-
" booth, when he could fcarcc Ht upon a Stool, for he had been
" meditating diat Night before upon the Refurrecftion of Chrift;
" for he haci finilhed the Dodtrine of the Paflion the Day before,
" often did he wifh that he might end his Days meditating upon tiie
*' Doctrine of the Rcfurredbon of Chrift, and To he did; he fent
" for the Elders and Deacons, and exhorted them to ftand conflant
" in die Docftrine wiiich diey had heard outofiiis Moutli, and ne-
*' vcr to )oin with the Caftle, it remaining in the State it was then,
'' or to meddle with tliat Fadfion : He faid, Lithington was the chief
" Author of all the Troubles that were raifed, both in England and
" Scotland ; and what he had denounced againft him, and Sir Wtl-
" Ham ICirkaldie oi' Grange, fhould cometopafs: After that he had
" commended them to Cod by Prayer, they went out from him
*' with Tears. At a certain Time when Mr. T>avid Lindfay came
" to vifit him, he faid, J have dejired all this Day to have had yoUy
*' that J may fend you yet to that Man in the Cafile ("meaning the
" Captain Kirkcalclie of Grange ) zvhom you know J have loved Jo
*' dearly ; go, 1 pray you, and tell him that J have fent you to him
" yet once to warn him, and to hid him in the Name of Cod to leave
*' that Caufe, and render that Caflle ; if he zvill not, that he fijall be
" brought down zvith Shame over the Walls, and hang with his face
*' to the Sun ; fo God hath ajjured me. Mr. David thought the Mel^
*■' fage hard, yet he went and delivered it : The Captain was fome-
" what moved, till Secretary Lithington came to him ; Lithington
" (aid, Go tell John Knox he is but a dryting Prophet. Mr. David
" reported how his MefTage was accepted : Well, faid Mr. Knox^
" / have been earnejl with God about theje tzoo Men, for that one
*' (meaning Grange) 1 am forry that fo fhould befall him ; yet God
" ajjureth me, that there is Mercy for his Soul ; for the other, J have
" no Warrant to fay that it fhall he zuell zvith him. From tlie i jtli
" of November, when he became fo feeble with a Hoaft, that he
" could not continue his ordinary Task of reading of tiie Scriptures
" which he had every Day, he caufed read every Day the lyth
" Chapter of the Gofpel according to John, tiie 55 of Jfaiah, one
" or two Chapters of the Epiftle to the Efhefians, and fuch Pfalms
« as he diredted himfelf. Upon the i^d of November in Time of
" Afternoon's Sermon, aftc he had lyen a long Time quiet as fee-
" mcd, he burft forth in tliefe Words, / have been meditating thefe
« two Nights hypaj} upon the troubled State of the Kirk of God ; J
" haw called to Cod for it, md commended it to Chrifi her Hc^d ; J

" have

Vol. III. The Life o/JOHN KNOX the Reformer. Tl^

*■• have been fight m^ zvith Jpiritual Wtckednefes, hut have prevailed i^-^^^
" / have l)(en in Heaven, and tafled of the heavenly fo\es : Tliere-^^^J^'
'' after lie rclicarfcd the Lord's Prayer and Belief, parapnrafing upon
^' each Petition and Article. After Sermon many came in to vific
" him ; fome asked if he felt any Pain ; lie anfwercd, / have no
'' more Vain for the present than if I iverc in Heaven ; and am con-
" tent, if it were God's Pleafure, to lie here feven Tears. When they
" thought he was fallen afleep, he was at his Meditations, and did
*' biirft forth in tliefe, or the like Speeches ; Lord grant true Payors
" to thy Kirk, that Purity of Dodrtne may be continued ; re fore Peace
" to this Common-zvealth ; grant godly Rulers and a^Jagif rates :
" Lord I commend my Soul and Body into thy Hands. VVIien Dr.
*' Prejlon came to vifit him about nine Hours at Niqht, after he had
*' lien quiet a Space, but not without Groans an'd Sighs, he faid,
«' 1 have been affaulted with Jundry Temptations, but have prevailed;
" at Lift Satan tempted me to Boajiing and Gloriation in my [elf but I
*' repelled him zvith this Sentence, c£uid iiabes quod non accepifli ?
'' Upon the 14 Day ol: November, he caufed read the 15 Chapter of
*' the firft Epiftle to the Corinthians ; about five Hours lie biddeth
" his Wife read the 17th of fohn, where,' faid he, I didcajl my fir k
«* Anchor, which fhc did : At half Hour before Ten, Dr. Prefon (aid
** tolling after the Prayer, Sir, Heard you the Prayer ; he anfwered,
*' IVould to God you and oihers heard it, as I heard it ; 1 praife God
^^ for that heavenly Sound. He rendred his Spirit about eleven
<' Hours at Night with great Peace, which he exprefled by Signs and
" Words : Many of his Speeches are fee down more amply by
" Melchior Adamus in vitis Thcologorum exterorum principum.
*' Mr. Thomas Smctort in the Defcription of his Life and Death, rrj-
*' vech him tliis Commendation, T>e cfuo ut vere ^ ingenue dicaniy
" nefcio an unquam magis pium aut majus ingenium infragili ^ in-
" beciHo corpore collocarit. Bezja calleth him the great Apoftle of
" the Scots, and comprehendeth all his Praifes in few Words, when
" he called him Great Mr. Knox. The Death of the good Regent
" of happy Memory the Earl of Murray, made a deep Impreflion
" in his Heart ; but the Report of the Maflacre of Pans did almoft
" exanimate him. The Earl o( Morton was chofen Regent that Day
" he departed this Life; when he was laid in the Grave, Morton
** faid, There lieth a Alan who in his Life never feared the face of
*' Man; zuho hath been often threatned with Dag and Dagger, but yet
" hath ended his Days in Peace and Honour. I cannot pafs by here
" a remarkable Sign of God's Care and Providence watchmen over
" him : It was his Cuftom to fit at the Head of the Table in his
" own Houfc, with his Back to the Window which was at the Head
" of the Table, yet upon a certain Night as he fat at the Side, a
" Bullet was fhot from tne other Side of the Street in at the Windoii',
** of Purpofc to kill him, becaufc the TraytCr fiippofed that he was
" fitting at the Head of the Table accordinrr to his Cuftom ; the
" Bullet lighted upon the Foot of the Candleftick, and made an

K k Hole

150 Tlje Life of ]0 UN KNOX the Reformer. Vol. jlf.

Cy^'^'^ ** Hole in it, as is yet to be fccn. ". And liow rnlicli he was eftccni'cl
'•^^ by Theodore Bez^a for his vii^orous oppofing of r^pifcopacy, appears
from a Leccer (Jire(ftccl ro Mr. Knox {a), and dated at Geneva the
nth of Qy^pril^ which is extant amoni^ his Epiftles, wherein lie ae-
knowlcdgcth it to be the great Gift of God that the Kirk of Scot-
land hath tlie pure Religion and good Order ; and bcfeechetli Iiiin
and his Fellow Labourers to hold fafl thcfe Two, and to ren)embcr
rhat if die one be loft, die other cannot continue long. " J'ut
*' (faith he) I would have you, my dear ICnoXy and tiie other Bre-
*' thren, to remember that which is before your Eyes ; as Bifhops
" brought forth the Papacy, fo falfe Bifhops the Rclic]ues of Popery
«' fhall bring in Epicurilm to tlie World ; they that defire the
*' Church's Good and Safety, let them take heed of this Peftilence:
*' And feeing that you have put that Plague to the Flight timeoufly ;
*' I heartily pray you that you never admit it again, albeit it feem
«' plaufible with the Pretence or Colour of keeping Unity ; which
" Pretence deceived the ancient Fathers, yea even many of the bcfl
«' of them ". The Charadlers given to Mr. ICnox by Mr. Thomas
Smeton, and a great many other Members of the Church of Geneva
are much to the fame Purpofe with that of Mr. Calderwood's. And
now I fhall proceed to give the Charaders that the Members of the
Church of Rome have beftowed upon him.

Amongfl the firfl of thefe is M.X. Patrick Hamilton (b), who about

Four Years after Mv. Knoxs Death, gives us an Abridgement of his

Life ; wherein, after he has given us an Account that he was born

near Haddington of a mean and obfcure Parentage, that he was a Man

of a fa(5lious and afpiring Genius, who not only wrote in Defence of

Rebellion and rebellious Pradices, but likewife by his feditious

Sermons excited the Mob ro rife in Rebellion againft their Native

Prince, and to lay the whole Country in Afhes, by burning and

deftroying all the Churches, Religious Houfes, and whatever was

confecrated to the Service of God, not fo much as fparing the Tombs

of die Dead, the Bibliothecks and other Monuments of Learning : For

which, lays he. Cod inflicled upon him a horrible and vifible Judgment

at his Death, which they that were prefent, and yet alive can teftify :

For when he was a dying, his Mouth ^nd Face were fo contorted

and deformed, that it refembled the Face of a Dog, rather than

diat of a Man's, as did likewife his Voice ; but as he made his

nearer Approaches to Eternity, the Convulfions having left him,

and thole who looked upon him during his Life as a Prophet,

waiting upon him, and expedling from him a Confirmation of the

Dodlrines that he had taught them in his Life ; he employed his

Thoughts not upon Death and Sin, but upon the Things of this

Life, and the Adminiftration of publick Affairs. At length, finding

his laft Hour approaching, he confelled that he had been taught

Necromancy Abroad, by which he predicfled many Things; aslike-

AVife the Injuftice of their Caufe, and Rebellion againft: the Queen;

and

^«) Wdwwoed'j Hitt. f»g. 57. C) f«t. H»imJt. de Cenfuf. C*lv. S«Q« 'P^d S«otw. P'g- 6^ ufiue »d pig. <;.

Vol. III. The Life of ]OHN KNOX the Reformer. i ^ i

and that after his Deatli,that the Qiieen and the Popifh Keligion fhould -v^^wo
be rcftored, ar which his Amanuenfis Rol^ert Campbell of Pwkin-^^r^
dough, thinking that he was raving begun to flop, upon which Mr.
Knox turning to him, bitterly reproved him, asking Jiim why he
ftopt to write what he forefaw was to iiappen in this Kingdom, do
you doubt of wiiat I fay to you, do you not believe, that what I
iliy to you is as certain as Truth it felf ; but that you and all here
may be convinced of it, remove from me, and you fhall find the
Truth of it confirmed by a new and unheard of Proof; which they
unwillingly did, leaving notliing in the Room with him but the
lighted Candles ; And having returned after fome Stay, big with
the Expecftation of fome Prodigy or Miracle; they found all the
Lights put out, and his Body lying dead upon the Floor ; with
which with, being all of them aftonifh'd, they lighted the Candles
again, and put the Body into the Bed, promifing to keep fecrec
what they had feen; that they might not expofetlie Impiety of his
Life. And this is the Subftance of what Mr. Hamilton 4ys of him,
whofe words for the Reader's Satisfadion, I fhall here infert, concer-
ning tlie Manner of his Death {aj.

" Tandem quod gra^ioris judicii mox fequuturi argumentum erat^

" ridus oris in iongum ad miram ujque deformitatem extra£ltis, ut

" faciem canis refereht, ita ejufdem latratus 'vocem fimillimam red-

*' debat : inde linguam qu£ fotifjimum nocebat 'vox dejlituit ; nee ita

" diu pofi, tabejcente indies corpore, mors patria gratijjtma fequuta

" ft'iit, cujus himc fuijje modum narrarunt it qui interfuerunt, quiqua

*' adhuc viventis ultima excipientes verba, projlratum Jubito corpus

^'- excnimc viderunt. Jatebat extremum agens Jpiritum, animo non

*' tarn in mortis ^ peccaiorum meditationem quam in prajentis hujus

" 'y/V<e (3" ci-vilis adminiftrationis (iudium intento : ajtabat turba nort

" ita frequens, eorum modo qui ipjius fententix addi^ijjimi, eum fum-

*' mi prophets loco ^venerabantur. Hi quum non aliter quam facro-

" Janlfa oracula ea quA in 'vita dixerat omnia haberent, turn quod ad

*' fupcrioris dodfrin^e conjirmationem, ^ ad fuam ipforum confoUtio-

" nem fervire pojjety avide expeilabant. Injlabant igitur quo 'verba

" ilia juprema prioribus digna ^ confentanea, ratione aliqua ab to

" exprejja audirent. Hie cum ultimam injlare horam, (S proinde

" nullum fibi amplius adjumentum dijJimulatA diu Rcligionis pr/ttex-

" tum adfcrre pojje intelligerct, fuljauditx illtus DtJeiplwA quA oceuU

" ta prius femper habuit ePkfyJleria, palam ^ deteHa, ut aiunti

" fronte recludtt, fimul ^ injuflam poteflatem confcffus, quit tum ar-

*' tms contt'a Reginam ejedfam dcfendebatur ; ftmul (f mult a de Regi-

*' nA reditu, ^ Religionis rejlttutione poll fuum e 'vivis exctfjum pro-

^'' (aius. Donee tandem fcnba iUius afioqui eon fill ts femper intimus

" ^^^n fubito mutatam-pr&ceptoris fententiam miratus, (^ cum rnorhi

" 'Vehement fa delirium pati arbitrates a fcribendo defifitt. Jn quern i^e

*' con tor lis oeulis ($" mult a 'verborum afperitate fie invehitur. Homo

** niliili tur ccll'as fcriberc, qua: mens pra'faga in regnum hoc eventu-

K k 1 " ra

i») k9l «i.

131 The Lifi o/JQHN KNOX the Reformer. Vol. HI.

rs^v^ u r^^ provider, an inilii cJiflidis ? An non (jiiac loqiior omnia ccrro
>*\^ " cercius furiira cicdis ? At enim ut fie tibi &c aliis tdftatum rcddarri,
" qiiam IicTC qiix niodo dixi cxploraca habeam: Eccc cgrcdimini
" abs me omnes, dc brevi temporis momcnto ca omnid confirmata
" novo & inaudito argumento rcddam. SubdHCHnt Je tandem (juan-
" quam Agre^ folis in conclavi reliitis, luniinibus accenps^ f^ mdt qttafi
" vrodiamm altqmd accefturij eodern denuo revertunttir ubi Imnna
*' extincia, cadaver wortuum^ ac in terram ^rovolutum vident. Hic
" in tam horrenda fpecie attoniti ^ b^rentes, untis qtiidarn extindo-
" rum luminum unam, alius aliam canfam tacitns apud fe cogitabaty
*' at nemo cuifaiU abfurditas videbatur, njel Juam Jententiam aperte
" dicere, njel quid alter jenttret fcijcitari audebat : 'Tantum demortn-
" um corpus in Ic^ulum reponunt, mvicem fibi ne ifta a quoquam pa-
" lam fierent pr&cipientes ; ne quod ab abfurda mortis fpecie ad infimH-
" landam impritatis antea£lam -vitam argumentum redundaret ".

F. Alexander Baillie, a Benedidine Monk fays {a), "That fohn
" Knox being Chaplain to the Laird of Balwiry, and having mar-
" ried a Wife albeit a Prieft; and confequently obliged to Chaftity,
" yet was banidied and excommunicated for fuch an unheard of
*' piece of Luft, as was not heard tell of amongft the Gentiles, that is,
" that he had carnal dealing with his own Step-Mother, and Dr.
" Hamilton accufes him of the fame Crime, Knox fays he ( b), a
•' Rene ff ate Priefi o/Haddingtoun /» Scotland, who was Excommui-
" catefor having ado with the c^other and the T>aughter in an Kill-
" logy, and thereafter was banijhed for the ajjifiing to the Murder of
" the Cardinal Beaton in the Caflle of St. Andrews ".

Reginaldus fays (c) " That Mr. Knox having married a Lord's
*' Daughter ( the Lord Ochiltrie ) it chanced not long after the
" Marriage, that fhe lying in her Bed, and perceiving a black and
" uoly Man talking with him at the Table in the fame Chamber,
•' was fo fuddenly amazed, that fhe immediately took Sicknefs ; and
" fhe told this to two Ladies of her Acquaintance, who came to
♦' vifit her before her Death. Being asked of the Minifler what he
*' now thought of their Religion, and if they fhould flill adhere to
" it, made a Paufe for fome Time, and then bad them retire, and
« call again at fuch an Hour, which they did, but when they came
" to his Chamber, they found him caftout of his Bed, lying on the
•' Floor, his Face thrown on his Neck, and now dead".

All the reft of the RomifJ} Writers infift upon fuch like ridicu-
lous Stories that are altogether improbable i fo I fhall proceed now
to the Characfters that are given him by the Writers and Members
of the Church of England.

Dodtor Heylin calls Mr. Knox (d), " Tim great Incendiary of the
*' Nation and Kirk 0/ Scotland ".

Henry Fowlis ¥e\\ow of Lincoln Colledge in Oxon fays (e), " That
*' Mr. ICnox was a Man that ftill had the Misfortune to carry War

« and

(,*) In hit true Infoimiiion Book I. Pige 41. (4> In his Rule to knOw the true Religion, pjge 60. 0) In hii Calvin*
■luimui, Lib. 1. C>r. il' W Hift< Quin). Aicicul. Bn. 3. C. it. P. }. (') In tu< Hift. of the pictcndtd Sts. flelt P. 4o:

Vol. HI. The Life o/JOHN KNOX the Reformer. i^

" and Coiikinoii aloni^ft u'itli him, as if like Hippocrates Twins, jy,^
" he and tlicy were infeparable ; Witnefs the Combuftionshe made~-^%^
" at Franckfort, amongrt the poor Englifh Proteftants fled thither
" for Religion, where he was not undefervedly accufcd for High-
" Treafon againft the Ernperof, comparing him in print to Nero,
" and calling him an Enemy to Chrifi, &c. For which Crimes he
»' was forced to fculk away to Geneva^ and from thence to Diep in
" France,- and after that from Diep to Scotland ; from whence after
« a few Weeks Stay, he fled back to Geneva, but not fettling there
« he returned to Diep again : And having by his Letters excited
" the Siots to Rebellion, came over to Scotland again, where he
" carried on the civil War. One, fays he (a), as I am apt to believe
« all Things confidered, zuho gained more Ejfeem amongfi the People
" by the Reverence of his long Beard reaching dozvn to his middle, than
" any real Wifdofn or Difcretion that could be appropriat to him ".'

Doctor Johnfom fays ( b), '< That he was famous for his Go-
" thick Devaftations and burning of Churches, who under pretence
" of Religion deftroyed the ancient Monuments of our Faith : He
«' Sacrilegioufly invaded and deftroyed the very Bells and Roofs of
" the Churches, and fomented the Flame of our InteftineDivifionS
" and Animofities. Verum enimvero ( fays he ) Joannes Knoxius
« Templorum inceadiis ^ Vandalica vafiitate notijfimus, qui prifca
" pietatis Monumenta obtenttt Religionis diruit ; campanas ^ plum-
« bea Ecclcfiarum teiiaJacriUga rapacitate invafit, imeflmis dtljidiis
" accendendis acerrimam facem pr&tulit ".

Bilhop Spotifwood fays, " That he was certainly a Man endued
« with rare Gitts, and a chief Inftrument that God ufed for tiic
" Work of thofe Times, many good Men have difliked fome of his
" Opinions, as touching the Authority of Princes, and the Form of
" Government, which he laboured to have eftablifhed in the Church;
" vet was he far from thefe Dotages, wherein fome that would have
"' been thought his Followers did afterwards fiill, for never was any
« Man more obfervant of Church Authority than he, always urging-
" the Obedience o^ Minifl:ers to their Superintendants, for whic^
" he caufed diverfe Ads to be made in tiie Aflcmblies of the
" Church, and fhowed himfelf fevere to the Tranfgreflors in thefei
" Things, iiowfoever it may be he was mifcarried, we muft remem-
** ber that the bcft Men have their Errors^ and never efteem of
" any Man above tiiat which is fitting. As to the Hiftory of the
" Church afcribcd commonly to him, the fame was not his Work '
" but his Name fuppofed to gain it Credit, for befides his Scurril
" Difcourfeswe find in it, more fitting a Comedian on a Sta^^e than
" a Divine or Minifter, fuch as Mr. Knox was, and the %iteful
" Malice that Author expreffcth againft tlie QueCn Regent, fpea-
♦' king of one of our Martyr's, he remitteth the Reader toa'fiirrhei:'
" Declaration of his Sufferings to the A(5ls and Monuments of Mar-
« tyrs, fct forth by Mr. Fox an Englifh Man, wiiich came nor td
L 1 - Light

(«; Pjg< ibid, (t) t^i. flfii. Hit Pi|. I. • I I I t »

15+ The Ltje oj JOHN KNOX the Reformer. Vol. /I/.

JJ^-'^ " L\^\\t fome ten or twelve Years after Mr. Knoxs Death. A greater
^'■V^ " Injury could not be done to the Fame of that worthy Man, thari
" to Father upon him the ridiculous Toyes and malicious Detra-
" (ftions contained in that Book : But this fhall ferve for his clea^
*' ring in that Particular. He died the lytii oi November^ in the 6j
*' Year of his Age, and had his Body interr'd in the Church- Yard of
« St. Giles ".

This favourable Charader given him by thcBifhop, wc fee pro-
ceeds from his not believing that the Hiftory that goes under Mr.
Knoxs Name was really his ; but how far this Prelate is miftakcn,
will appear from this, in the Manufcript Copy of Mr. CaUerwood's
Hiftory in the Library of Glafgow^ giving an Account of the Pro-
ceedings of the Affembly in November 1 571, he fays (a), « That
" Richard Banantin Mr. Knoxs Servant, lately deceafed, prefented
" the following Petition to the Aflembly then fitting, J your Ser-vi-
" tor Richard Banantine, Servant to your umcjuhile mojl dearejl
" Brother^ Mr. Knox of worthy Memory^ that whereas it is not un-^
*' known to your Wijdoms, that he left to theTownandKirkofEdin-
" burgh, his Hijlory-, containing in Effect the Beginning and Pro-
" ^rfjjr of Chrijl's true Religion^ now of God's great Mercy ejlabli-
" fljed m this Realm, zvherein he hath continued, and terfeilly ended
♦' at the Tear of God 1 564 ; So that of Things done ly him f/nfyne,
" nothing be him is put in that Form and Order, as he has done the
*' former, yet not the lefs there are certain Scrolls, Papers and (*y]4i'
*' nutes of Things left to me be him, to ufe at my Pieafure, ivhereof
" one part are ivritten by his own Hand and fuvfcribed by him, and
" another by me at his Command, &c ". Then he goes on begging
the Aflemblies Encouragement towards the putting thefe Papers in
Order, and into a proper Condition to be otFcred to the Publick,
and they accordingly ordered the faid Richard the Sum of fourty
Pounds, to be paid out of the Cropt of 1 571, for the ailifting fucfi
learned Men as the Kirk of Edinburgh would appoint for that Pur-
pofe. And as to what the Bifhop objedrs concerning Mr. Fox%
Book, that it came not to Light till about ten or twelve Years after
Knoxs Deadi, this is a very great Miftake, for tho' I amperfwaded
with the Author of Mr. Sages Life, that the oldefl: Copy which the
Bifhop faw of that Book was of that Date, it's certain as Air. Woodrow
obferves {b), in his Letter to the Bifhop oiCarlifle, that the ifl Vo-
lume of /oat's Book was printed in Latin at Bafil in 1558, 14 Years
before Knoxs Death, where he has a long Account of that Martyr's
Death (c), which is mentioned by the Bifliop; and the Author of Mr.
Sages Life {d) hasobferved, '' That William Reynolds in his Refutation
" of Whitaker, cites an Edition of the A(5ls and Monuments, printed
*' at London 1565. And they are cited by Stapelton in his Preface
*' to the Tranflation of Bedes Hiflory, oAnno i ^6$. And Nii oLms
(' Harpsfield, under the borrowed Name of planus Copus, wrote

« and

(«) In Bib. Gljsg. VoL t P>g. jyy. ScoJi Hifloi. J.ib. Pjg. 191. (.t) Biflj.| of Culile Scots Hift. Lib. ApenJ. No. VI,'

Vol III. The Life of JOHN KNOX the Reformer. 1 3 5

" and printed his Dialogue againft them ^nno 1554, 15(^5. . And 'N^y^
rho' there be rcveral Interpolations in this Hiftorj, either by Banan-'^^^^r^
tine or Mr. 'David Biichannan, yet Mr. Woodrow has fhown in his
Letter to the Bifhop of Carlijle, that in Mr. ICnoxs MS. in the Col-
lege of Glajgozo^ there are fometliings in the MS. .that arc
omitted in the printed Copies, that fufficiently (how Mr. Knoxs
Spirit and Temper ; Two memorable Inflances of which I fhall eive
here : The firft is in Pag. loi. of tlie printed Copy, where, after
thefe Words, Line 31. Faitd of all he had written, the MS. has this
fevere Refle(flion upon the Queen ; " And therefore it were expe-
*' dicnt that her Daughter now mifchicvoufly reigning, fhould loolc
" to that which pafTed before, leaft that in followincr the Counfels
" of the Wicked, fhe end more miferably than her crafty Mother
" did". The other is in Pag. 151 in the printed Copy, immediate-
ly before the Words, Vfon the 16th of June, in the MS. there is thefe
Words, '' God for his great Mercies Sake rid us of the reft of tht
" Guifian Blood ; Amen, Amen. For of the Tyranny of the Guifian
" Blood in her that for our Unthankfulnefs now reigneth above us,
*♦ we had fufficient Experience ; but of any Virtue that ever was
*' efpied in King James V. (whofe Daughter fhe is called) to this
*' Hour we have never an Spe(5lacle to appear.

Now from all diat we have faid of Mr. Knox from his own Hi-
ftory, it is very plain, that he maintained that the DocStrine of de-
fenfive Arms was neceffary, that Paflive Obedience or Non-Refiftance
was finful, when the People had Means for Refiftance ; that the
primitive Chriftians affifted their Preachers againft the Rulers and
Magiftrates, wherefoever God gave them Force, that the Judicial
Law of (^ofes in many confiderable Inftances continued rtill obli-
gatory ; particularly that the Laws puniihing Adultery, Murder and
Idolatry with Death were ftill binding ; that in Obedience to thefe
Laws that Sentence was to be executed, not only on Subjecfbs, buc
on Sovereigns : That the Sacred Fundlion of the Priefthood pro-
ceeded from an immediate Call from God, and did not require the
Ceremony of Imposition of Hands. And as thefe were the Do<5lrines
he taught, fo he lived conform to tliem, being an open and avowed
Rebel to his Princefs, giving her to her Face the mod abufive and
infulting Language that his Malice could fuggeft ; incenfing her
Subjeds, and denouncing his Judgments againft her with the Air
of a Prophet, which by his Contrivances and fecret Inteli^ence,
with the black and hellifh Defigns of his Party, often came to pafs,
wliich confirmed the common People in the Opinion of his being
infpired with the Spirit of God i and from this bold Prefumption he
aflumed to himfelf the facred Office of the Priefthood : But Homt
far he was from having the Spirit of the Meek and Holy Jefus in
liim, will appear from his horrid Prayers» or rather Imprecations
againfl his Knemies : When addrefUng himfelf to God ALmighty,
he prays (<<), *« That "he would for his great Alercie* Sake ftir up

L I 1 feme

•-- ' -• —

(*; U Im Adnoo. ta di« fral of Hm Tratb M«i|hatf.

J 56 The Life of ]OHN KNOX tht Reformer. Vol. I/Jf.

rv/^v^-\

" fomc Phineasy Elias or Jehu, that the Blood of abominable Iclo-
v^-^' « laters may pacify God's Wrath, that it confiimc not the whf)l6
" Multitude, (iArnen. (^)Reprers the Pride of thofc Hlortd-thirflvr
" Tyrants ; confume them in thine Anger, according to the Kcproacfi
*' wfiich tliey have laid againft thy holy Name : Pour forth thy
" Vengeance upon them, and let our Eyes behold the Blood of thd
" Saints required at dicir Hands : Delay not thy Vengeance, O Lord,
" but let Death devour them in hafle : Let the Earth fvvallow them
" up, and let them go down quick to Hell, for there is no Hope
" of their Amendment : The Fear and Reverence of thy holy Name
" is quite banifhed from their Hearts ; and therefore yet again,
" O Lord confume them, confume them in thine Anger. Upon
which Prayers the learned and worthy Mx.Sage (/>) has this Rcfledti-
on ; " Let the World judge (fays he) if fuch Prayers favour of a
■" Gofpel Spirit : Was this loving our Enemies, or blefling them
" that curfe us, or praying for them that defpitefully ufe us ? Was
" this like forgiving others their Trelpades, as we would wi(h our
*' own Trefpades to be forgiven ? Was this like, Father forgive thewy
" for they know not what they do ; or, Lord, lay not this Sin to their
" Charg^e. Did Mr. iCnox confider or know what Manner of Spirit
" he was of, when he offered fuch Petitions to God Almighty ?

The Catalogue of his Works.

I. 'T^ HE Htftory of the Reformation of the Church of Scotland,

J. London 1 584 in 4to, in Folio; and 4to 1644.
H. T^ie fir ft Blaft of the Trumpet againft the rnonftrom Regiment of
Women., Francfort 1558 in 8vo.

III. yin ^nfwer to an jlnabaptift's Cavillations againft Predeftinati-

on, London 1 591, in 8vo.

IV. The appellation 0/" John Knox from the cruel and moft unjuft

Sentence pronounced againft him by the falfe Bifhops and Clergy
of Scotland, vAth his Supplication and Exhortation to the No-
bility, States and Commonality of the fame Realm, Geneva i ')')%y
8vo, and zvith the Folio and 4to Edition of his Hiftory.

V. y^ Letter and Admonition to the true Profejjors of the Cofpel of

Chrift within the Kingdom of England, faid to be printed at

Rome, tho' really at Gene'va 1554, and with the folio Edition

of his Works.
VI- The Admonition of John Knox to his beloved Brethren the

Commonality of Scotland, Ibid.
VII. A Letter delivered to §lHeen Mary Regent of Scotland from

John Knox Minifter ofGod's Word, in the Tear of our Lord

I '$'$6. And thereafter augmented and explained by the Author

in the Tear of our Lord 1 558, ibid.

VIII. A

■ ■ — I • — — — I

(«) Ibid, (i) Fuiul. Qhutcr oi PfCib. P. 3};.

— I - ■ ---■ ----- - -- IMllrBB ■■ I

Vol. III. T'hc Catalogue of his Works. I^y

VIII. A Sernjon upon Ifaiali 26. Ferje 14. 15, i(5, 17. ibid. -^.^

IX. j4n jlrijiuer to a Letter- written Ij James Tyre a Jejuite, Edin-^''N'*v

burgli 1 5<^^ '"^ 8vo.

X. yi Treatife agatnfl the Anabaptifis. See M-. Knoxs Life by

David Buchanan, brefxed to the Folio Edition of his Hifiors.

XI. Tivo 'Treatifes agatnfi the o^afs, ibid.

XII. A Treatife upon the Eucharifi^ ibid.

XI II. Sermons upon Genelis, ibid.

XIV. Sermons upon the Pfalms, ibid.

XV. An Exhortation to all abided Churches, ibid.

XVI. An Ad'vice in Time of Trouble., ibid.

XVII. Form of Church T>ifcipline in SpotfwoodV Hifiory, Pag. 1 52,
to Pag. 174.

XVin. Mr. Knox his Confejjion of his Faith.

XIX. A Treatife upon Tredefination, vide Calderwood's Hiflory.

XX. His Liturgy, Edinburgh 1635, in 8vo.

THE

LIFEofJOHN RUTHERFOORV,

Profeffor of Philofophy in the Univerfity
of St* Andrews;

HIS Gentleman was born at Clafgozv (a), and had hii Buth,
his Education at that Univerfity; where, after lie "on.
had finifhed the Courfe of his Studies, he became
fo famous for his Knowledge in Philofophy, that
^_^^ lie was chofen by the Univerfity of St. Andreivs v^^f^'^^*^*

to be one of their ProfelTofs, where he taught for fome Years mi\\l^'^^!^^^,l,
great Applaufe ; and nothing can give us a greater Idea of his
Worth and Merit, than his being Mafter of that Wonder and Pro-
digy of his Age, the great and admirable Crichton : Our Author
dciigniii'T to improve himfelf by Travelling and Converfation with
the ^learned ProfefTors of the Univerfities in foreign Countries,
rcfigned his Place in die Univerfity of St. Andrews, and went over
to Paris, about die Year 1551, where he became- acquainted with
all the learned Men there : And his Fame and Reputation having
reached as far as Portugal, he received an Invitation from die King
of Porr«^rt/ to teach Philofophy in the Univerfity o( Conimbria^p^^'fl'^Zi'
which he accepted of} but he had not been long there, when thel^'[t^J^y.^
Monks and Friars begun to fu(pe(fl, that in Matters of Religion he«' ^""fi.
iiad the fame Sentiments with iiis Country-man Buchanan, and he
narrowly cicapcd from being put into the Inquificion; This rigorous

M m Treat-

(*J S*« UimrRv, L'b. Ifi. J*. J«5. ""i th» P'cIk:* K> '"» toi'tl" •«>* Potlif.

[38 The Life of ]OUN K\JTHEK¥00 R i), Vol. Iff.

^^^"'^ Trcacmcnt ^avc liim fucli a Difgiift of the Bigotry and Cruelty oF

'-^V*^ the Clergy m that Country, that he rcfolvcd to return to Ins own

Country :' And having got tlic Occafion oF a Ship that was bound

for Britain, lie got the Kind's Licence to return. After his Arrival

to I'JiZ'j' in Scotland^ lie was earneflly importuned to accept of liis former

!nadc'p?ofc'f" Station in t!ie Univerlity of St. Andrews^ which was tlicn become

fophy at St".' vacant : And he tells us, that nothing could have induced him to

""''"""■ accept of this toilfonie Employment out the Good of his Country,

die careful Education of Youth being of no (Inall Confcqucncc to

die Common- Wealth.

I have fcen of tliis Author's, his four Boolcs upon Ar\foile\ Lo-
.^his*woTs! Clicks, and his Commentary upon Arifiotles Book of I'oetry ; and
Vcnipfter gives us an Account of fome others, whicii he (cems to
have read, bv the Chara(5Fers that he gives of them : Eor he tells
us (d), Th.at in hisComparifon betwixt Ariftotle^ Philofophy and
rbtos, he refutes his Country-man and Friend John 'DempJIer,
that there cannot bealearneder and more laborious Work than his
Collation of the Philofophy of the Scotijis and T'homifls^ and that
his publick Declamations which he had at Paris ^ndConimhria were
printed by WechiUus.

Amongfl all the Works of Arijlotle, that of his Art of Poetry
jhe Hiftory j^^^.^ ^^^^^ ^^jj^ iilways bc ertcem'd a Mafter-Piecc ; and fince we can-
omedy."'" not give an Account of all the different Sorts of Poetry that Arifotle
treats of in this incomparable Book, I fhall only give an Account
of the Rules, Rife and Progrefs of the Comedy wTiich he treats of
in the 5tli Chapter, and which is the great Diverfion of the young
Gentlemen of this Age.

yirijlotle tells us in his Third Cliapter, diat rhe Megarians who
lived in the Neighbourhood of Athens, pretended that the Come-
dy had its firft Ri('e in their popular State .; but the i^^'Iegarians in
Sicily contended that it had its firft Rife amongfl; them, becaufe the
Poet Epicharnms was ancienter than Chionides, and that a^lii^nes
was a Sicilian -. And Snidas tells us, tliat Epicharmns had the Ho-
aiour of being a Difciple of Pythagoras {b), and that he and Phor-
mtts were the firft that invented Comedy in Syracufe: But Ariftotle
clfewhere tells us, that it owes its firfl: Rife to the Burlejque, or the
ridiculinjT the A<flions of Mankind. And therefore a modern Critick
fays, in Tiis ReHedlions upon Ariftotles Poetry {c\ That Comedy is
an Image of common Life, its End is to fhoio on the Stage the Faults
of Particulars, in Order to amend the Faults of the Publick, and to
correii the people through a Fear of being rendred ridiculous. The
Tame Ariflotle tells {d), That the firfl: Comedians were a Pack of
lewd Fellows, who went traloping amongft the Country Viilai^es,
finging lafcivious Songs for the Diverfion o( the common People,
for the Magiftrates of the Cities would not admit of them, but at
length they were received in Athens ; and there was an Archon, or
fupreme Magiftrate who had the particular Infpedion over them,

and

(,<•) Otmpft, ubi fupn, ifi) SuiJ. in iipichct, (0 Mr. Rai-is. (<<) Cap. y

Vol. 111. Projcjjor of Philofophy at St. Andrews. i?^

and gave them the Chorus, as y^rijiotle fays ; that is, bouglit tlieir 'Jjf^
Peitoimances, and furnifhed them in all the necefTar Expcnces for'^>Arf*
ti(fbinc; their Comedies, wliicli by this Time was formed upon Rules
in Iniitation of the Tragedy : That is to fay, There was obferved
in Comedy, as well as in Tragedy the Decencies of Places, of Times,
and of Peifons ; and fince that Time there is fome more certain
Knowledge about the Poets, that contributed to the perfe(5ling
of it. For Epicharmus and Phormus were the firft who gave
to their Comedies a due Form and Siiape, treating their Subjeds
with the fame Art and Method that the Tragedians did theirs : But
both thefe Poets Works are loft, and of Fifty five Comedies, or
Thirty five, as others affirm, that were compofed by Epicharrnus.
We know nothing of their Charaifler, but that Horace commends
Plautus for imitating him (a).

Plautus ad excmplum Siculi prop&are Epicharmi-

Afranius pows us [oft MenanderV Bame,
u4nd Plautus rituals Epicharmus Fame.

Crat'tnus was the firft who took out all the grofs Raileries and
fcurrilous Refledtions from the Comedy, and made it fit for the
Entertainment of a civil Audience : He flourifhed in the 8l Ohm-
piad (b), about 450 Years before our Saviour. Yet notwithftanding
of liis Refinement, the Comedy ftill retained too many Marks of
its rude Original, for Perfons and Vices were expofed in bare faced
Satyr, and the chief Magiftrates of the Common- Wealth ridiculed
by Name upon the Stage. For we find even in Cratinus own Plays
in Plutarch's Life of Pericles, feveral Paflages wiiere lie reflc(fts
boldly on that great General, who at the fame Time by his Elo-
quence, and his Arms, reigned almoft abfolute Maftcr of u4thens.
This Dramatick Poet is faid to have been an exceflive Drinker, and
ro cxcu(e iiimfelf, he faid. That it was abfolutely neceflary to the
warming of his Fancy, and the putting a Vigour and Soul in his
Verfes : And from thence Horace takes the Occafion to fliow what
fhorr lived Creatures the OfF-fpring of Water Poets commonly
prove.

Prifco fi credas, (^c. (c).

(^My Lord if what Cratinus /^j/ he ri^ht, >

l^hofe Verfes cannot live, thofe Lines delight, S

Whfch Water Drinkers pen ; in vain they write. *

For ere ftnce Bacclius, did in ivild Dcfign, ^

With Fauns and Satyrs half mad Poets join, S

*The Mujes every c^orning [melt of Wine. >

From Homer's Praife, his Love of Wine appears,

<i/ind Ennius never dard to write of Wars ;

Ttli heated well, let Jober Dottard's choofe,

The plodding Law, but never tempt a Mttfe.

^ M m 1 Thii

(«) Hum. Lib. ». J p,8. I. ,. ^, i») u PMl4t AiJ. r«/. M. t>ui»t, t. ty (0 H»r. Lib. i. Epil if.

140 The Life o/jOHN RUTHLRFOORD, Vol. lit

/^yv-^ Tfc/V L(tti^ once made, the Poets Jlraight iegiri,

J\Uv q'hey drunk all Night-, all Day theyjrnelt of Wine.

Crccclie's Horace.

AnJ aAriJlo^hanes gives lis a pleafant Account of Cratintit
Death {a\ which he lays, Was occaftond by the Sight of a noble
Cask of Wine fplit in Pieces, and the Liquor laviJUy wafhing the

Streets.

Much about the fiimc Time with Cratinus, lived anotlier SDr^-
matick Poet called Eupolis, who in the 17th Year of his Age, ven-
tured to fhow himfelf upon the Theatre } this Poet in his Come-
dies was much more fevere and impartial than Cratinus, for Peri-
cles and Cinion being the two oppofite Patriots, and the two lea-
din^T Men in the City of Athens, in thofe Times Cratinus, tho' he
expofed Pericles, yet fhewed a great Refped for Cimon, and com-
mended him in fome Verfes cited by Plutarch, whereas Eupolis
fpared neither Party, but ridiculed both thefe great Captains ; but
all that we have ot this Poet, is only the Names of his Come-
dies.

About twelve or fifeteen Years after thefe two Poets, Ariflopha-
nes appeared upon the Theatre, many of this Poet's Comedies arc
ftill extant ; that for which he is defervedly blamed, both by the
Antients and Moderns, is, that in his Comedy called the Clouds^
he endeavours to expofe Socrates, tlie wifefl: and the beft Man
amonft the Athenians, for maintaining the Unity of the God-head.
The Occafion of diis Comedy, if we may believe u£lian, was, that
j4n)tus and the reft of them who had laid the Plot againft Socrates
Life, were not fo fenfelefs as to imagine that the Judges would be
very willin" to receive an Impeachment of the wifeft and the beft
of Men, therefore they concluded, that the beft way ftiould be to
prepare the Minds of the oAthentans, by raifing tiie Scandal by
Decrees. In order to this they hired Ariflophanes, with the Confi-
deration of a good round Sum of Money to expofe the Philofopher
on the Sta^e, and defired him to reprefent Socrates as an imperti-
nent Virtuofo, and a triftling Difputant, one that could argue pro
and con at his Pleafure, and prove Right Wrong, and Wrong Right
with the fame Breath, and efpecially to reprefent his Impiety, in
dei!yin<T the common Deities, and bringing in new ones of his own.
The poor Poet who could not refift fuch a powerful Argument as a
good Sum of Money, falls to Work according to their Dired:ions, and
compofes this Comedy, for which j£ltan fays he got the Prize,
and an univcrfal Applaufe : But he is certainly miftaken, as we learn
from oAnftophanes himfelf, for that Par aba/Is inferted in the Chorus
betwixt the hrft and fecond Ads in tJie fame Comedy, is notliing
but a dircift Addrefs made by the Poet to the People commending
himfelf, as the moft experienc'd Man in his Art, and this for the
beft of all his Pieces ; and at the fame Time he complains of their

Unkindnefs,

^} la jkit Ucw.

Vol. ill. Frofejjor of Phtlofophj at St. Andrews. r^r

Uiikindncls, tliat with all tliefe Advantages tliey fhould have hifr'd'>^v^
his Play off the Stage, and deny 'd him the publick Tefti.mony and^^N^
Reward; this was the Keafon why he corieaed this Comedy, in
cafe of a fccond Tryal, and added this Speech by way of Expoftu-
lation with the Audience, and to beg a n.ore favourable Sentence,
and tlicrefore that incomparably learned Lady, Madam Dacier,
had Reafon, according to the picfent Laws of the Theatre, in her
TranHation of this Comedy, to place this Difcourfe as a Prologue
before it, and indeed it is no Wonder that it fhould have been bif-
fed off the Theatre by fuch a wife People as the oAthenians were •
if we confider the whole Plot and Conducft of the Play i And in all
his other Plays he fhows himfelf to have been a downrifrjit Athcift
and Bufoon, and Plutarch whofe Senfe and Judgment is defervedly
admired by all Men fays {n\ That Arifbphanes makes uje of hfe
fcarriloHS and naujcous Language, &nd noiv and then affcCls a Tragi-
cal Stile, that he obfer'ves not the Difference of the Tcrfons that
fpcak, nor apply s Thoughts and Words accordingly ; hut luithout any
Nature or Decorum, brings in Gods, Heroes, Kings, Citiz^enSy
old Men and Women, Fathers and Sons alfo, exactly tike one another
in their Phrafe and Talk, that they have nothing in the World .to di-
Jlinguifh them but their Habit, that his Jokes wound and exulcerat
injiead of curing, that he nenjer attempts any Charailer, but he is fure
tofpoil it; TV h tie if he is to reprefent a cunning Fellow, he does nop.
znake him politick, but dt)im right wicked ; if a Country Man, tnftead
of describing his Ignorance and Caution, he gives us the Pi^iure of a
weer Fool ; if he raifes Laughter in the Audience, it proceeds from
the Dulnefs of the fejl, and is direBed not againfl the Subjeil but
againf the Poet ; and if he is to defcribe thefo/t Pajjion of Love from
Mirth and Gaiety, he turns it to Loojnejs and immodefi Freedom.
Mr. Kennet who has drawn us this Cliarader of Ariflophanes from
Plutarch (b), endeavours to wipe it off the Poet, and throw it upon
the Times, and I am fure the Poet had not fuch a mean Opinion
of his own perfonal Accomplifhments, for in the Chorus between
the fecond and third Adls of \m oAchamian, they put the Audience
in Mind of the great Things that the Poet had done to the City by
the Power of his Comick Mufe.

It's for his Sake ( fav they) the SpahsLnsfeem inclind,

To beg vEgina, and invite a Peace,

Not that they value the poor f pot of Ground;

'But hope that Claim, mufi rob you of your Poet :

This is the (^Man, who blcffd you with his Servict,

And taught the wrangling Tribes to ufe their Towir^

And now your tributary Friends from far.

Flock to the Town, to fee the (acred Poet,

Who dares fpeak 'Truth, and hazjard Life for fujiice t

So far his bold Exploits havejpred his Fame,

N II That

C<) In bU CCaf . of Ailft| u4 Mcii4ad«r (»} Urn c< tht Crtctea Petit.

1 41 Tl^e Life oZ-JOHN RUTHERFOORD, Vol- Hf

f\»/^^/->

T^bat zvhen the mighty Pcrfian Monarch held^

*AAi' 77;f Spartan Envois, loond'ringat his QjiepionSy

Hefirfi demanded which o th" Rival States,
Rid thief <tt Sea, and next, luhich People livd,
Vnder the wife Correal ion of our yluthor.
For they cryd, the great King nrnft needs reform^
And while they take the Poet to their CoHnjels,
Vnder his Conduit may command the World.

B. Kennet.

But after all that can be fuiJ either for or againfl: him, it is cer-
tain that if a Man were to attempt a Chara<iter of Arifophanes
Comedies in our Times, He would certainly begin ( fays Mr. Kennet )
with telling us, that vje mufi not expeii there the Ntcety of Rules, and
the regular Condudi which has added Jo many Graces to the modern
Stage, for tn all his Pieces^ except the Plutiis and the Clouds, the
new Criticks might look in vain for their Vnities and their Ordo-
nance, ivhich perhaps was one Reajon, why Madam Dacier thought
not the reft ft to be put in her Country Garb ; becaufe in them only
he feems as much. a French Man in Contrivance, as her Tranfation
makes him in Language, thd zuithout Doubt her main Argument for
(lopping at thefe two, was becauje all the reft fmell fo flrongly of the
rude and debauched Original of the Art, as very often to offend the
Chaftity of common Ears, and much more the Modefy of a Lady.
And Arifttotle iiimfelf complains (a), that the Theatre in the
Matter of Comedy in his Time, was not come to that Perfedlion
and Chaflity which he requires in Comedy, tor fays he, Ai^ forts
of Motions are not to be blamed, more than all Sorts of Dances, but
only lafcivious and effeminate Motions, as thofe that Callippides zuas
reproached zuith, and ivhich vje reproach our Comedians at this Day
witht ivho feem to aff^ed the Gefiures of debauched and com.mon Strum-
pets. And in the lame Chapter he tells us, that tlie /ame Callippi-
des and the Comedian Pindar, for their Excefs in their Gefticula-
tions were called Apes, efpecially Callippides, who had this Epi-
thet firfl: given to him by Munifcus : Now Munifcus, Callippides and
Pindar were three Comedians that had a great deal of Reputation;
Munifcus who was the ancienteft of them all, reproached Callippi-
des with this Epithet of the Ape, for he was fucii a Mimick, that
the leaft Gefture did not efcape him : So that his Name became
a Proverb, for one who laboured much without moving from his
Place, and performed nothing ; and upon this was founded the
Raillerie pad upon Ttberius (b), whom they jeftingly called Cal-
lippides, becaufe every Year he made great Preparations for a Voy-
age that he was to undertake, and Vows and Sacrifices were made
for his happy Return, tho' he never ftirred from Rome. Vt vulgo
jam per jocum {Jays Suetonius ) Callippides vocaretur, emem curft-
tarC) ac rie cubiti quidem menfuram progredi, proverbio Graco nota

tt'm

(4) Ctup. 17. (0 Suciun Tibt

Vol. ill. I'rojCjiOr of Fhtlojophy at ^^f. Andrews, i^^

turn c (I. And before Tihertus, Cicero (a), part the Tefl in the^^
fame Aianner upon Varro, who promifed to dedicate his Books ^'V^
upon t!ie Latin Tongue to him, writing to his Friend y/tticus. Its
about two Tcctrs jays he, fince this Caliippides has been always run-
ninf,' and never has advanced fo much as a Cubit length. *' Bien-
" mum lam pr&teriit cum tile Callippides ajtduo curfu cubitum nul-
« lum procejjerit ". And yet this Poet was fo puffed up witli his
own Reputation and Merit, that walking one Day in a Place where
King Jgcfilaus was, and feeing that King take no notice of him,
lie liad the Impudence to fay to him, Sir, do not you know me ?
Have they not told you what Jam ? To which the King replied, ^rc
not you a Comedian ? .

So the Summe of the Rife and Progrefs of the Crucian Comedy
to the Days of ^rifiotle, is, that at firft it confifted in the Lewd and
lafcivious Entertainments of the Vulgar, then it received the Form
of a fatyrical, ridiculing and Burlefquing of Mankind, and ^the-
nms tells us, that Hipponax was the firft who fucceeded in this, and
u4ripotle fays [b), that Hegemon was next, who was fo admirable a
Compofer and Adlor himlelf, that one Day when the People o(
Athens, and all the Inhabitants of all the neighbouring Cities were
adembled to fee him adt iiis Gigantomachii', they were fo charmed
and pleafed with it, and laughed fo heartily, that notwithftanding
they received in the middle of the Comedy, the News of the Defeat
of tlieir Army in Sictly, yet they had continued to laugii to the End
of the Play, had not the Poet ftopt } which others attributed to theic
lefined Policy, becaufe they would not feem to be concerned witli
their Lofs before Strangers. After Hegemon came Eubms ofParoSf
and Btiotus, who furparted all that went before them, and tliefe
were the principal Authors of the old Comedy. Tlie next Improve-
ment Arijlotle tells us {c\ was the Mufick, Mafques, tlie Augmen-
tation of the Number of the Adors and the Prologues, ' or what
prececds die firft finginp; of the Chorus, the Authors of all which
we iinow nothing of, JEpicharmus and Phorrnus as we have faid,
gave it a better Form upon the Model of the Tragedy, Cratinus
took away the grofs and fcurrilous Language; and (tArifiophanes
and Nicochares brought it to ihe Perfe(ftion it was in in ^rtJlotUs
Time, and this bv the Criticks is called the middle Comedy, to
which fucceeded the new Comedy.

The firft Author of the new Comedy was Menander^ he made
an intirc Reformation of the Stage to Civility and Decency, obli-
ging the World, by fuppofing the Adlions, as well as Names of
Pcrlons, and without nuking any particular 'Reflexions, he gave
us a probable Defcription of humane Life, this quickly fpread his
Fame over the World ; and Pliny informs us (d\ That the Kings
of }igypt and Mactdon gave a noble Teftimony of his Worth, fen-
ding AmbafTudois to dcfire his Company at their Court/, and Fleers
to bring Inm over, but that he himfelf left a nobler Proof of his

N n 1 real

(t) Lib. I). Lffl. Ik (1) Uup. t. CO Clup. ). U) Lib. ;• df }«•

144 T'he Life o/"JOHN R UTHHR FOO K I), V<,I. Iff-

'j^^^ liis real Excellencies, by preferring the free enjovment of liis Srir-
^^ dies to the Favours and Promifes of Monarclis} yet we find that
liis own Country Men had not fuch a due Senfe o^ his Merit and
Worth as Stran<;ers had, for he is faid to liave won hut ei^^lit Victo-
ries ({i), tho' he obliged them witli above one hundred Comedies,
and the old Maftcrsof Rhetoricic have recommended hi'. Works (/>),
as the true Patterns of every Beauty, and every Grace of publick
fpeakino;, tlius ^Ijuntdiari fays ( f ), That a careful Jmitation of
c/Menamler only will certify all the Rules he has laid down in his
Inftitutions, : 'Tis in (>jMenandcr, that he would have his Orators
fearcli for a Copioufncfs of Invention, for a iiappy Elegance of
Expredion, and cfpecially for an univerfal Genius, able to accommo-
date it fclf naturally to all Perfons, Things and Affedtions, and it's
by thefe Accomplilhments, that he owns that Menander has robbed
his Competitors in Comedy of their Name and Credit, and to
have cafl a Cloud over their unequal Glory, by the Superior Bright-
ncfs of liis own, but of all theie Comedies there's none that we
have extant now : It's true, the greateft part of them was copied
bv n^erence, but even thefe perifhed by Shipwrack before they law
Rome (d\ yet the four Plays that he borrowed from Menander^
are writ in a Manner fo natural and fo judicious, that they fhow
that never any Man had fo clear an infight into Nature as Menan-
der had ; and it was this that gave an Occafion to that fine Turn
of u^rijlophanes the Grammarian, when he asked this Queftion.

O Menander and Nature^

Which of yoH coped your Pieces from the others Work ?

And the Romans when they fat beholding thefe Comedies,
thought themfelves in ConverAuion, for they perceived nothing but
what^they were accuftomed to fee daily in the World, and yet the
?;reat C^far calls Terence but the Diminutive of Menander^ becaufe
tho' lie had his Sweetnefs and Smoothnefs, yet he had not his Force
and Vigour ; and as he had brougiit the Grecian Comedy to its ut-
moft Perfedlion, fo it ended withliim.
iod^chVu- ^"Jr Author wl]iO was admirably well feen in Philofophy and the
^"- 'Bel/es-Lettres, dyed at St. Andrexos in the Year 1 577 ; In his Book
upon j^rifiotles Poetry, he fliows himfelf to have been a good
Cntick, well feen in all the Parts of Poetry, and admirably well
verfed in the Grecian Cuftoms and Antiquities.

The Catalogue of his ^Nolks.

I. "pXE <iArte dijferendi Lib. 4. Edinburgh in 410, 1580.

II. \_J Comment, if: Lib. Arift. de arte Metrica Edinburgh 1557

tn 4to.

III. CoUatio

(<■) Aul. GtL ub. 1]. Up. 4. «.*) litunsu tives of the G/«ci40 PotM In MtJundti. Cf) Lib, J9. C'f- ». (-<) Su»-
(ou. In vU Tctcnt,

Vol. III. Profejjor of Philofophy at St. Andrews. ja^

III. CoUatio PhiloJophtA Ariftot. ^ Pl.aton. r>^y>

IV. CoUatio Dhf Tliomae Aquinatis ^ Scoti in rehus Fhilojophicis. Civ%i'

V. PrAfatioms Jolennes Tarifus ^ Conimbriae hdttx, extant Tjpis

Wechelianis.

THE

LIFEofMr. H EN RT BALNAVES
of Hallhill^ one of the Senators of the
College of Juftice.

HIS Gentleman was born in the Shire of Fife, in

the Reign of King James V. he had his Edu- ,„j"''pj^;^'j'_
cation at the Univerfity of St. Andrews (rt),"°"
where, after he had finifhed the Courfe of his
Studies in Philofophy, he went over to francei
where he (hidied the Eaws, and returning to his own Country af-
ter rlie Death of King James the V, he became a great Favourite
of th6 Earl of Arraris, then Governour of the Realm ; but having ^^^ ^^^^^^,
made an open ProfelTion of the Proteftant Religion, the Governour «• tf" P'o-
at the Solicitation of his Brother the Abbot oT Paijley difchargedgion" "'
him from his Family, in which he had lived from the Time that
he had returned from France till the Year 1 541. In the Year 1 564,
he join'd with the Murderers of Cardinal Beaton, for which he wasvTuXrmof
declared Traitor, and excommunicated ; and when lie and the&itl',''.„<i
Murderers were bcfieged in the Caftle of St. Andrews, he was fenCxJtw""'
by them to England, and brought them a Supply of Money and
Provisions, as we learn from Bifhop Burnet, who tells us (h), Tliac
he was dieir principal Agent, and that he brought them upon the
<5th of February 1180 lib. Sterling, and in the Month of May, he
brought them 300 lib. Sterling ; but at length they being obliged
to furrcndcr to the French, lie was fent with the reft of the Prifo- p"ro„i'r 1"*
ners to France in the Montli of oAuguJl i '^n^'j. f"*'-

Having returned to Scotland after (bmc few Years Banifhmcnt, „ ■ ,
he loin d with tlie Lords or tlie Concre^ation, and became one of''™'"?"
the main Sticklers and Hedcors in their Rebellion againft Qtieen E""")""
Mary, in the Year 1559. The Lords of the Congregation having'*
met at Coupar in Fife, in order to make choice of (bme of tlieir
Number to treat with tlie Duke of Northfolk, tlie Q_ueen of Eng-
land's Lieutenant, for fupporting of their Rebellion againft the
Queen, the Prior of St. Andrews, the Lord Ruthven, the Mafter
of Maxwell, the Mr. of Lindfay, young Lithington, the Laird of

O o Pittarow

(s) MV Noifi upon Spoifwood prnci mc, MS. Addiiioni lo Dfmpfltr, fee UkcWi(( Sfocfwood'l HAoiJ, Mr. Ctldc'WOcdi
I'etric toi Knoi'l Hiftoilci. (i) Sc« Dt, fiurncri HiOWf of lb* HctoiouliOll.

14(5 The Life of Mr. HENRY B A L N A V /■ S, Vol. 1 1 f.

'j:^;^^^ Pittarow and our Auclior were chofcn, and having eniharked upon
^^"^ -^ the Coaft of /v/Jr, they came to Berwick about the Hcginnm^'^ of
Ht \, mxit filrnary 1560, where an Agreement was made betwixt Tliotrids
comm.fr.o.' Duke of Northjolk, Earl Maripiall of EngLind, and Lieutenant to
"!h'i°e'"'riie Qiieen of EngLmd tor the North, m the Name of the high
N.",'/.?*, for and mighty Princefs, Elizjal^eth Ci.uceii ot England on the one Part,
ofV";'^i?^ and the above named Perfons, in Name and behalf of tlie noble
and mighty Prince James Duke oi Chattelherattlt, as fccond Per/on
of the Realm of i'co//^W, and the Lords join'd with him on the
other Part, ^y zvhtch the ^ji^een of England ol^tiges her felf to fend
immediatclj Forces vjtth all necejjary Pro'vifotis to join the Forces of
the Lords of the Congregation, for the expelling of the French Funes
oHt of Scotland, that Jhe fkould continue her J^id and ^Jtflance, ay
and till the French were expelled ; that what Forts were taken from
the French, fhould either be demolijhed or delivered to the Duke of
Chattelherault, and that the Englifh ^onld not build any new ones
without their y^d'vice and Confent, that they jlmdd pro'vide her Ma-
jefly's j4rmy and Fleet zoith Victuals as long as they remain in Scot-
land, and that if the Realm of England Jhould be invaded by the
French, thej fhall ajjiji them at leap with a iCXDo Horfe, and 1000
Foot, upon the §hieen o/"England'j Charges, and that they fhould can-
tinue in the Fields 30 D.xys, or fo much longer, as they arc accuflomtd
to abide in the Fields for Defence of Scotland, and that the Earl of
Argyle, Lord Juflice o/' Scotland, pould ajfiji her Majefiy, in redu-
cing to her Obedience the North Parts 0/ Ireland, as it Jhall be agreed
betwixt the faid Earl and her deputy for the Time, that Hojlages
fhould be deliwred 0/ lawful Sons, Brethren or Heirs of the Nobility
and Barons of Scotland, who Jhould be exchangd every fix or four
Alonihs, as Scotland pleafed ; that thefe Articles after the delivering
of the Hofiages, fhould be fubfcribed and Jeal'd by the Duke o/' Chat-
tel lerault, and the Lords joined with him in the Space of 10 or 30
D lys at the moji, and that they Jhould do all that in them lay to per-
J'wade the reji of the Scots Nobility to join them, that the [aid Duke
and Nobility, did not in the leaf- by this Agreement intend to with-
draw their due Obedience from their Sovereign and her Husband. This
Treaty was figned at Berwick the lyth of Fehruixxy, and confirmed by
the ^J^een of England, under the great Seal. And on the other
Hand, the Lords of the Congregation ratify 'd the flime by their
Subfcriptions, at the Camp before Leith, upon the lOrh oi May — .
For this piece of good Service done to the Lords of the Congre-
o!^ oV't^e" gation, Mr. Balna-ves was made one of the Lords of the Sefllon in
&iiionf '"" the Year i ^6^. The General AfTembly having met at Edinburgh
,ndiioneofUpor» Chri (l?nafs Daj , in the fourth C^) Sedion, they appointed the
lione'i^T"''^ Earl (tMarfhall, the Lord Ruthven Lord Secretary, the Commen-
'"'"'(T.mbi ^^^^^ °^ Kdwinning, the Bifhop of Orkney, the Clerk Regifler, the
to'rtv.fi: the Juftice Cletk, David Forres, Mr. George Buchanan and our Author,
cipune. ' or any three or tour of them, to revife the Book of Difcip-

line,

(«) CiUctwood'i Hiii. Page 3;.

Vol. III. One of the Senators of the College of Jujhice. ia-j

line, to confider diligently the Contents thereof, fet down their '>-'Vn
Judgment in Writ, and Report the fame to the next Aflembly, or^^^^viv
if a Parliament beholden m the mean Time, to the Lords of the
Articles, and tliat tliey begin immediately after the diifolving of the
Aflembly, or at leaft on the (5th of January next to come, and there-
after continue till the faid Boole be throughly revifed ; but Mr. Cal-
derwood fays, That he could not find that there was any Thing more
done in -that Affair.

This Gentleman has left behind him a Catechifoi or ConfeflGon «>f huvro«fa!
of Faith, and a Book upon Juftification.

In that upon Juftification he affirms. That the Juftification fpoken
of by St. James, is different from that fpoken of by St. Paul : For
the Juftification by good Works which St. James fpeaks of, only
juftifies us before Men j but the Juftification by Faith, which St.
Paul fpeaks of, juftifies us before God : And that all, yea even the
beft of our good Works are but Sins before God. Whatever Truth
may be in this Dodfrine of our Author's, I think we may grant to
him, that the moft of all his Adlions which he valued himfelf upon,
and reckoned good Works, were really great and heinous Sins be-
fore God : For no good Man will either juftifie Rebellion or Mur-
der, and God Almighty has denounced his Wrath againft fuch as
are guilty of them : Yet Mr. Knox his Fellow-Labourer in Iniquity,
juftifies him, and tells us, that he was a very learned Man, and
looks upon hislmp'.ifonment for the Cardinal's Murder ax. Rouen in
France, a Suffering for the Caufe of God. o^r. Henry Balnaves,
fays he, who {a) was in the Caflle 0/ Rouen, was mofl Jharply ajjauU
ted of all ; for kcaufe he was judged learned, (as he was and is in^
deed) therefore learned Men were appointed to tra'vel with him, with
whom he had many Confliils ; hut God Jo ever affijled him, that they
departed confounded, and he by the Power of Goas Spirit remained
conflant in the Truth, and Trofejjion of the fame, without any wave-
ring or declining to Idolatry ; in the Prifon he wrote a comfortable
Treatife of Juftification, and of the Works and Converfton of a Man
juftified, which is txtant to this Day* He died at Edinburgh in the
Year 1579.

The Catalogue of his Works.

!• A Treatife concerning Juftification, Edinburgh 15^0, in

j\. 8vo.
n. A Catechifm, or Confejjion of Faitbt Edinburgh 1584, in 8voi

O o z THE

(.») Mil Hms Hi4. Lib. (. f.g. fi, foU tMotu

aod tduciti*
on.

148 Vol. in

An. I {75.

THE

LIFE of Mr. NINIAN WINZE%
Abbot of Ratisbon.

,^ / i(tn Wtnz^et was born in the Weft, in the Shire

pi"nNg " ' r^^ I and Town of Renfrew^ of an honed Parentage, he

had his Education at the Univerfity of Glajgow;
where, after he liad finifhed the Courfe ot his
Studies, he was made School-mafter of thfe Towa
of Linlithgow, where he taught for feveral Years
the Children of that Town, to the great Satisfadion of the Inhabi-
tants. At lengtli applying himfelf to the Study of Theology, he
enter'd into Holy Orders, and when the Reformation prevailed, he
became one of the chief Writers for the Church of Rome, and had
feveral Difputes with the Reformers ; but the Reformation prevail*
i.dYoV'hir ing, he was obliged to leave the Town of Linlithgoiv, where he
ReJ.gion. jgiij yj ^^^^ |.,g i^j^j flayed for ten Years, and came for Prote(flion
to Edinburgh, where he prefenred upon the 1 5th Day of /^^r«(7r)',
in the Year i =^61, a Petition to her Majefty, under the following
Title ; yin Exhortation to the mntft Excellent and Gracious Sove-
reign Mary, '^[Men o/"Scorcis, (S)c. To the Bi[ho^s^ and uther Paflorisy
and to all them of the Nobility within this her Graceis Reabne for
unfeinz^et Reformation of T)otirin and Manerts, and for obtaining
of Licence to propone in Wryt to the Pric hours of the P rot eft ant is
certane ytrticutis twitching T>o61rm, Or dour and o^Maneris aproven
by them : In tins Petition tlie Bilhops Want of Zeal, their bad Lives
and Avarice, with the Avarice, Injuftice and Oppreflion of the No-
bility are feverely expofed, as the Caufes of the Judgments of God
upon tlie Nation, in tiie rageing Impieties that were then abounding
amongft them. Not long after this, he in Name of the Clergy
gave in Writing feveral Challenges to fohn Knox, and particularly
to anfwer {b) for his adumin" to himfelf the Office of the Prieft-
hood : Mr. Knox from the Pulpit expofed him as the main Agent for
the Papifts, and gave no other Anfwer to his main Queftion, but
that he had an extraordinary Call from Heaven. Mr. Winz^et taking
Advantage of this unwarrantable Anfwer of Mr. Knox\, immedi-
ately committed to tlie Prefs a Treatife concerning the Pricfthood,
which Mr. Knox being informed of, he caufed feize upon the Prin-
ter and all the Copies, and purfued the Author fo hotly, that he
was obliged to take the Occafion of a Ship that was bound for
Tianders, where he fafely arrived, and ftayed for fome Time at the
Univerfity of Lowvain, and in the Year 1 5<5j, he caufed print a Book
of Controverfy, under the following Title, The Buke of Fonrfcoir

Three

(.«) la ib'c I'icUcc to hi^ Qucttion:. \)>) Ibid,

Vol. ill. ayjbbot of Kacisbon.

149

Three Que/lions, tuching Dodrim, Or dour and Mxncris proponit to ^y.-C
the PrecJjotiris of the protejiants (j/"Scothina be the Qitbolub of the -^^^r^
Jnfoiour Ordotir of Clergy and Li\)tnjcn ycair cmelie apclit and
dijpcrf/t Ijc Fcrjuafiotm of the Jaid intmfit Prechours, jtt furth be
Ninian Winzcc a Qitholnk Priefl, at the 'Dcfire of his faithful apitit
'Breither, and delivery it /o John Knox the loth of Vchmai; or yairby,
in the Zcir of the blijjit Birth of our Sahiour i^6^, The Preface
to this Boole is dated liom Lovdin upon the 7th Day of Ociober
and the Dedication has the following Title, T7;f faythful Sonis of
the Hilly Ci'tholick Kirk in Scotland, of the Inferiour Order of Clergy
and Laytmen hnmill fubdittis to yarc Sovcrane L(tdy Marie, and obe-
dient to yeare lanih'uU Bi/hopes and Pajjouris depofit of yeare Offices.,
incarcerate exetltt or violentlie ejcdfit fra yeare jufl Pojfejionis, and
native Ctteis, for nocht ajfenting to the pretcndit keforrnationn that
yis prefcnt in Religioun, to John Knox and his Complices, pretending
and ailcdging yeame to haife lamhfuU oAnCloritie and Ordinatioun
of trzu Btfwpeis, and utheris Pajlouris of the Ktrk zuith'in the Jatd
Realrne, zcijfhis Health, and Jllumination of the Huly Ghai_ft. Our
Author likewife publifhcd at Antwerp the fame Year, ^Tranflation
o/'Vincentius Lyiincnfis, of the Nattoun o/Gallis, for the Antiquity
and Vniverfality of the Catholick Fayth, againe the prophane JNova-
tionis of al Hcrefeis. From Flanders our Author in tiie Year 136$
went to Frani e, and the fame very Year publiflied at Pans, A /■** f^'<"»

.^ t /?' r T\ C f r Tk T\ 1 thence to

Ur.jnjlationo/ a Uijiourje of Renarus Benediclus, concerning compo-^'""'-
fing Difcords in Religion, in the Tear 1 $66. .He took tiie Dcree of
Mr. o"l Arts in the Univerfity oi Paris, and was chofen three Tunes Mr.Vr Am"
Procurator in that Univerfity. In the Year 1578, Mr. 'John Lefly'toi^i^Z"
BiHiop of Rofs going from Rome to refide in Germany, in Quality ^X'^nV^
of Qiieen oM^trys Ambaflador, obtained from the Emperor Rodul-R^^uLf
phus an Edid:, dated upon the 8th of Oihber 1578, tor the Refli-
tution of the SiOts Monafteries in Germany; upon this many of the
bani/hcd Clergy were fettled in Germany, and amongfl: the reft,
our Author was made Abbot of Ratisbon, where, in the Year 1581,
he publilhcd his Anfwer to Buchanans Libel againft the Rights of
our Kings ; and the next Year he publiflied in 4/0 a Boole againft
the Reformers, and a Solution of tlieir common, but ridiculous
Doubt, Wliether God or Man is to be obeyed, as if our Obedience to
God were inconfiftent with our Duty to the Civil Magiftrate. Of
all our Author's Writings, I fliall only infift upon his Tranflation of
Vincent i us Lyrinenfis. .

Amongft.all the Writings of the ancient Fathers, there is uot, in
the Opinion of many learned Men, a nobler Performance than
Vincent ius Lyrinenfis his Book againft the Hereticks; and fince the
Author's Dc/Ign was to lay down fuch wife Meafures for preventing
of Schilm and Divifions in the Chriftian Church, and that there
jicvcr was an Age wherein the reading of fucli Books was more re-
quired, 1 (hall give an Abridgement ot it, for the Reader's Inftrucftron
and SatisfadUon.

P p This

150 The Life o/NINIAN WINZF.T, Vol- flf-

f^^"^^*^ This Book was wrote three Years after tlie Council of I'phejat,
^'■>/^ in the Year of our Lord 4^4^ ir was dividetl into two P.irts, but
An Ab-ijgf- there is nothing remains ot the fecond Part, but a fliort Rccapitu-
T".'fl"L"]ation of his Principles. Tlie firft Part contains ^5 Chapters ; in
lyr^'^'iir'the firft Chapter lie tells us, That the Ufefulncfs'of (iicli a Worlc,
the Time, the Place he was in, and his Profcinon had engaged him
in this Undertaking : The Time, becaufc all Things here below arc
fleetinf» and perifhing, and its but juft that we fliould make ufe of
Part of it for the ^reat Concerns of another Life, and for putting
us upon our Guard againft the Malice ot Hereticks. The Place was
likewife fit for fuch an Undertaking, being free from the Noiie and
Hurry of Cities, concealed in the fecret Corner of a Monaftery,
where he could follow the Advice of the Pfalmift, Pfat. 45. v. 10.
iBe at refl, and behold that 1 am God. And La(lly, Nothing could
be more fuitable to his Profeilion, and admonifhes his Reader, that
it is not his Dcdgn to colleit all that can be faid upon the Subje(ft
he treats of, but to coUecl: from the ancient fathers what was moft
neceflkry. In the id Chapter he fays. That he had learned from
many holy and learned Men, that the true Way to evite the falling
into any Merely, and to remain firm to the Faith of the Church,
is to build upon die Authority of the facied Scriptures, and t!ie
Tradition of the Catholick Church : But, fays he, fome may ask,
that fince the Canon of the Scriptures is pcrfedl, and fuflh'cient
alone to inftrud us in all Things necedary to Salvation, where is
the NecefTity of joining the Ecclefiiftick Authority with it ? It
is, fliys he, becaufe the Holy Scriptures having an high and
abftrufe Meaning, is differently interpreted ; fo that there is
almoft as many different Interpretations of it, as there are different
Perfons,- Novatius interpreting it one Way, Thotinus another, and
every one according to their own Judgment, it is therefore fays
he, altogether neceffary, that we take for our Rule the Scn(c of
the Catholick Church, but even in this of knowing the Senfe of the
Catholick Church, we are to take great Care, that what we efta-
blifti as the Articles of our Faith, be what has been always believed
by all Chriftians, in all Places of the Earth, according to the Im-
port of the Word Catholick or Univerfal ; and diis we fhall be
fu re to do, if we follow Antiquity, the unanimous Confent of
Chriftians and Univerfality. We fhall follow Univerfality if we be-
lieve no other Dodlrine to be true, but what is taught and believed
in all the Churches of the Earth ; we fhall follow Antiquity, if we
recede not from what has been taught and delivered to us by the
ancient Fathers of the Church. And laftly, we fhall follow the
unanimous Confent, if we believe what has been taught by all or
the moft part of the Antients. In the third Chapter, He move;
this Qiieftion, What a Chriftian Catholick Jhoitld do^ when a Part
of the Church Jeparates from the Body ? To tiiis he Anfwers, That
he has nothing elfe to do, but to prefer the Dodrine of the whole
Body to the corrupted or unfound part, if any new Error or Here-

Vol. III. a^lfl^ot of KsLUsbon. ij£

<y be like to fpread, not only in a parr, but over the whole Churclij;^^^-^^,
then we are to take care that we firmly adhere to the Dodrine of ^^^^
the ancient Fathers of the Church, which cannot be corrupted by
any Novelty. In fine, if in Antiquity we find one or two Perfons,
or a City, or a Province in an Error, we muft prefer the Decifions
of the ancient Catholick Church, before the Temerity and I"po-'
ranee of a few People : But if tlierc arifes a Qiieflion where nothing-
like this is to be found, tlien we niuft confult the Sentiments of
the Ancients, and compare together what thefe Authors have wrote
in different Times, and in different Places, who have been in the
Communion of the Church, Perfons worthy of Credit and Repu-
tation ; and we are not to fix upon what one or two of them has
faid, but upon what they have all unanimoufly taught and wrote
witli clearnefs, and without contradicfling themfelves ; thefe are the
Rules wh.ich he has laid down, and whicli he has backed with fe-
veral Examples for illuftrating of them. In the 4th Chapter, He
gives the Example of the Donatifis in ^fric, who erred againfl
the Rule of Univerfality, affirming, that the Church of Chrift was
only to be found amongfl: themfelves. In the 5th Chapter, He
gives the Example of the Arrians^ who erred againft the Rule of
Antiquity. Iw the (5th Cliapter, He fhows the Conflancy of the
Catholicks, under the Perfecutions of the Arrtans^ and propofes
tliem for an Example of Imitation. In the 7th Chapter, He refutes
the nArrian Herefy, by the Rules of Univerfality and Antiquity.
In the 8th Chapter, the Opinion of St. Cyprian, concerning the
Rc-baptization of Hereticks is made ufe of, to fliow that we ought
not always to follow tlie Sentiments of an Ancient, and that one
may be an Heretick, by maintaining a Dodrine advanced by a Ca-
tholick Dodtor of the Church. In the 9th Chapter, He fhows what
excellent Learning and Eloquence the ancient Hereticks had, and
how tlicy were efteemed as the Sons of God, whilfl they adhered
to the Rule of univerfal Antiquity, but when they fwerved from
that, they were efteemed the Sons of Perdition. In the lOth
Chapter, He enumerates the Apoflles Denounciations of God's
Wrath againft all Hereticks, Schifmaticks and Apoftates. In the
1 ith. He fhows what the Apoftle wrote to the Galatians^ was wrote
to all Chriflians. In the nth. He moves the Queftion, Why God
flmuld permit Hereticks to dijlurb the Peace of his Churchy and ta
deceive the People ? And tliis he fays God permits to be done, to
try our Confidence and Faith in him and his "Church. In the ijth,
J 4-th and 1 5th, He fhows what great Men Nejlorius, Photinus and
ApoUinaris were, tho' they were alloftliem Hereticks. The 17th,
Is concerning tlie Herefy o( Photinus, who maintain'd the Unity of
the Godhead, denying the Trinity and the Divinity of our Saviour.
The 1 8th, Is concerning the Herefy oi ApoUinaris, who affirmed,
^at our Saviour had not a Soul, and that his Body was not of the
Vtrpn Mary, hut descended from Heaven, and ajfumed in the Wor^S
of the Virgin, denying that there were two difiinii Natures in Chrtfl.

P p 1 The

I5Z r/;f /.//f o/NINIAN WINZET, Vol Hf.

r\>\^ jiic loth, Is conccrnin{» the Hcrcfy of" NcflorihS, who aflirmcd,
v^\'Ai' <77;/r/- /Af Virgin Mary mouUl not be calUd ( etoToieoi. ) /Ar Mother of
Gorl, but ( xf'"»T«»r. J ///f Mother of Chrijl. Jii the lOrh, f fe lliows
what the Doctrine ot the Catholicks is in Oppofition to thcfc Mo-
icfies. In the lift, He proves that there arc in Chrift two diflindfc
Natiues, the Divinity not being clianoetl into the Humanity, nor
the Humanity into the Divinity. In the I2cl, He (hows, That the
Unity oF Pcribn in our Saviour, was complete in the Virgin's Bo-
iom, and that the Properties otthe humane Nature in our Saviour,
are attributed to liis God-head, and the Properties of his Cod-head
to his Humanity, becaufe tlie Son of" God and Man is but one ChriA,
in one Perron,'and that the blefied Virgin may properly be called
the Mother of God. The 2.3d, Is a Repetition of all that he has
faid ai^ainfl thefe Herefies, with a Congratulation to the Catholicic
Church for her Sincerity in her Faidi. In the 24.th and 2.5th Chap-
ters, The Fall of Origen and that of TertnUian, is brought as Ex-
amples to teach Catholicks, that diey ought not to rely upon the
Authority, Reputation or Learning, how great foever it be, of any
Man, when they differ from the Sentiments of the Catholick Church,
Having largely infifted upon thefe Examples in the i(5th Chapter,
he returns to his Principle, and fuftains, that we ought to keep by
the ancient Rule of Faith, and that the only fure Refl of our Conf-
cience is in the holy Catholick Church. In the 27th, He fhows,
diat we never fliould endeavour to eflablifh any new Dodtrines in the
Church, and that thofe who permit new Dodtrines to be taught are
Deceivers. In the 28tii, He ihows how that we may explain and il-
luflrate the ancient Faith delivered unto us by the Apoftles, that
we may give a new Turn of Thought to Things, but that we are to
fay nothing that is new. Cum dtcas mve non dicas nova. In the
29th, He Ihows that the Church does always increafe in Knowledge,
Wifdom and Devotion, but always upon the fame Grounds, with-
out adding or impairing any Thing. In the 30th, he fhows that
we may put Things in a clearer Light, but they muft always remain
in the fame Fulnefs, and the fame Integrity. In the 31 ft. He fhows
by Examples, that there was never any Flerefy invented, but by
thofe who feparated themfelves from the univerfal Confent of the
Catholick Church. In the 3 2d, He fhows how the Hereticks per-
vert the Scriptures to theij own and Neighbours Deftrudfion. In
the 33d, He treats of the Devil's tempting of our Saviour, and
makes a Comparifon betwixt this and the Proceedings of Hereticks
in tempting the Faithful. In the 34th, He fhows how the Catho-
licks ought to have Recourfe to the Rules abovewritten, when they
are tempted by the Devil, and his Members the Hereticks. But
he tells us, there are two Occafions in which thefe excellent Rules
are of no great ufe : The firft is. When the Queftions are of no
great Import or Confequence, and are not concerning the Funda-
mentals of our Faith. The id. When the Queftions are concer-
ning antient Herefies, for fays he, it is not neceflary to refute from

the

Vol. ill. Qydl^bot 0/ jRatisbon. 15-?

tlie Ancients what they have already condemned; but fuch new^)^
Heiefiesas may arife in the Church by tlie Means and Inftrumcnts AArf
o'i Sathctn. In the 35th, He fhows how thefe new Hcrefies may be
difcovcied from the Writings of the Ancients. And Lajll^, In the
Fragment of his fecond Part, lie concludes, Tiiat the Decifions of
General Councils, and the Writings of the Ancients are the beft
judges of the controverted Meaning of the Scriptures. Our Author
finifhes his Tranflation of this Book witli the following Epigram in
Commendation of Vincint'ms Lyinmfis^ and his Performance.

Vac'ts amator hahcs^ pacem ut Vincentius unus

Tutatur^ fujts hojlihus iniwrneris.
£ribit arma truci, rabida ohjlruit ora 'Dr^coni,

Detcgit ^ fraudes : Pax qui his exctd erat.
(iMorte jua Chriflus Pacem, [era Jchijmata Da:mon

Fraude pant : Pacem, pacts alumne, fove.

Tiiis Author died in his Monaftery at Ratisbon in the Year 1581. HiiPwrti
He was well (ccv\ in the Belles-Lettres, and an excellent Poet : He'aer.
^vrote in a good Stile of Latin, and altho' he had applied the mofl
of his Youth in reading of tlie Claflfick Authors, yet the Controver-
sies that arofe concerning Religion, made him apply himfelf dili-
gently, when well ftruck in Years, to the reading of the facred
Scriptures, and the Writings of the ancient Fathers, by which Means
he 2,ained the Reputation of being well feen in Controverfies, and
the Refpedl that the Univcrfity of Paris put upon him, by making
him thrice their Procurator, is a fufficient Tefliimony of his rdal
Worth and Merit : And his Book againft Buchanan fhows him to
be a loyal Subjedt, and well feen in the Civil and Canon Law.
*DempJ}er fays, that he taudit Philofophy in the Univerfity of
'Paris with great Applaufe ; tiiat he was a pious Man, and a great
Oppofer of the Calvinijis. Ninianus Vinzetus ant Winchetus (fayst
hej Glafoiucnfis, Monajlerii Scotorum Ratisbonix ^hbas, ^ prius
Lutetix Philofophid Profejjor magna ingenii laude, nee minus piui
doclrinA Hinreps Calvinianx c^nam poptdares Scotia; receperant pro
*virilt rejlitit.

John Lejly Bifliop of Rofs fpeaking of this Abbot, fays, That
when tlie Protcftants had made the Vulgar believe that they had
utterly fileiiccd the Papifts, Mr. WinZjet publifhcd his Book of 85
Qiieftions adapted to the Capacity of the Vuli^ar, but with fuch
Strength of Reafon and Learning, that neither Knox, nor any of his
Followers could ever anfwer them : And Knox who had highly in-
fultcd over the Papifts, that lie might not feem to jield the Vi(fldry
to Mr. WinZjet, for two Days endeavoured to perfwadc thd People
i\^ his Sermons, that lie had an extraordinary Call from Chrift j tor
Mr. H'inz^et had mofl learnedly refuted all their Pretences to an
extraordinary Cull, deflring them to produce the Signs of their ex-
rraordiiiary Vocation, as the Prophets and Apoflles did of old, to
wliom they compared thcmfclvcs, and moft impudently aftumcd to

Q q thenv

J 54 Tk Lije of N IN IAN W INZt. 1, Vol 111.

'"^^-^ tlicinfclves il'c OlHce of the Pncftiiood, wichuut any other VV.ir-
^A^ rant: Which To incenlcd the Proteftants a^ain'l him, that hcariii(.ij
that he was prepaiing to publiih a Book upon this Siib)C(it, tiicy
thought to have apprehended the Author; but lie made uis lifcape,
to the "icat Joy otthePapifts, and the great Cricfot the Protelbiits:
But tiiey ieiicd upon tlie Bootes, and having apprehended John
Scot the Printer, he was iniprifoned, and ("evcrely lined. Biihop
Leflp Words arc, Foflqiuxm Setiarli omnia jam occnpajjent (<t),
trtn/nbhant Jerto CathoUcos njtcios cejj'ijfe caMpOy eoque majorem ejfe
Ccuholicortim obftinatam c&citatem chmant^ quo acrius perjlarit in
jentcntia qnam fcitio oflendunt fe non pojje defenJerc- ' {^od cum
Ninianus Vinzccus, cuius fupra wemimmus^ tntellexiffet, o^ogintn
triii de rebus controverfts capita collegit., ea rnethodi forma, ut tenui-
oris in^enii homines facile intelligerent omnia., Jed ea dodlrin^ ratio-
nifnue firmitate ut Knoxius alii que Sediarit JApius ad rejpondendum
'ueruis fcrtptifque lacejjiti, nihil hu:ufque invenire potucrint, quod
contra hijccrent. Knoxius tamen qui antea Juperbus Catholicis inful-
tabat, nunc ne njideatur plane nji£ioriam Niniano cejijje, uno aut al-
tera die, id laborat J'edulo, ut populo pro condone perfuaderet, fe a
Chrifto njocatum : Objccerat namque Vinzecus qu^dam e^cqui/itx. eru-
ditionis plena de niinijlrorum impudentia, qui non 'vocati Concionato-
rum funttionetn obirent : Ac quuyn W \mciix's qu^dam de f^nis, qua
nov£ doilrinA confirmandx, quafi fundamcnta quxdam debtlant edi,
calholice dodeque in illo libro urgeret publice, dtjjertt Knoxius, fe ut
Joannem Bapciilani, Amos aliojque prophetas ad nmnus tllud Apo/Io-
'licu?n obeundum fignis divinitus Juije ajjumptum ; quam j'uperbi
hominis biifphemiam nulla aut ratione aut auiloritate nixam, cum
Ivlinianus ( er at namque hie in njinea Domini excolenda fedulus opera-
rius ) Uteris diluqfet, recepit fe brevi refponfurum ad omnia, njerum
fidcrn quam aftnnxit, nee Knoxius, nee quifquam ex Mimfris ejtt^f
nominis decurfis jam multis annis, Itberavit.

Hac res Niniano Vinzeto maximam apud Hxreticos invidiam
conflavit, unde cum audirent ilium jam apud Typographum calere in
libro excudendo, quo cogit.irat cum Knoxio de fide violata ad no-
hilitatem expoflul.tre (hac fola ratione putabat Hxreticos ad refponfio-
nem pofe elici ; ) confiltum ineunt de opere diflurbando, Vinzero
capiendo, Typographo muldando : Magifiratus cum satellitibus irruit
in Typo^raphiam, libros quos repent aufert : Joannem Scotum
Typographum bonis mulilatum in carcerem abripit, fed Vinzetum
quern tanto opere cupiebant, prA foribus Magi fir atui occurrentem, quod
vicognitiis elapfus fuerat, dolent HAretici, rident Catholici.

George Con in his Book of the Twofold State ol" Religion aniongft
the Scots, fays. That John Knox having provoked the Papifts to
difpute with him, he and Ninian Winz^et had a Conference ac
Linlithgow, wherein, after he had overcome ICnoxy he had Recourse
to his ordinary Calumnies, telling the People upon all Occafions,
that WmZjet's bold Impieties were not to be tolerated, " Tliat he

" was

(4) Ltfly Uc Ceftij Scot, Lib, X. Pag. 584.

Voi- ill- (t^bbot of Ratisbon. " ~^

" was fcnt from Cod, and called by Clirift for reforminir of tlic'^-'^^
" Churcli, that he was no lefs to be believed tlian the^Prophct^V^
" oAmos, or St. John the Baptift, that he had the Spirit of God,
" by whofe fecret Infpiration lie knew all the Myftcries of
" the facrcd Scriptures, tiiat the Papifts were blinded and mere
" Idolaters, and that they fuftain'd their Fables, not by the facred
" Scriptures, but upon old Wives Fables, which occafioned Mr. Wtn-
" zjets writing of his Book of Queftions, his Words are {a). Sed
" Ninianus Vinzetus tarn pcrfri6tA frontis Jycophantam catholica
" njeritate f regit, ut is, dej^crata 'vidoria., ad Jolt t as calnwnias con-
'■^ fugiens,. non ferendam t?npii Vinzeti audactam proclamaret, fe a
" Deo mijjum, a Chrijlo ad Ecclcjiam reformandam vocatum nee
" minorem fihi fidem adhibendam quam Amos prophet & aut D. Toanni
" Baptifta:. Habere Dei jpiritum /ami Harem, cujus fecret a injpira-
" tione omnia divinorum n;oluminum arcana haberet perjpe£la. Cacos
*' cjje Papifias ac meros tdolorurn cultores, ijui anilibus fabulis nulla
^' jacrorum codicum au6loritate nugas Juas dcfcnderent. Vinzetus in-
'''' figni hac Knoxii defperatione mtnime contentus, fcripto de rebus con-
" troverfis libello odoginta tria fidei capita^ de tot enim lites mo-
" wrunt tunc temporis in Scotia Novatores, tanta eruditione ac tarn
" wris rationibus difcujjit, ut refponfum expedare jujjus, id etiam
" num ejus pojlcri expcifemus ? derivata tandem in Typographum, qui
" librum excuderat, rei invidia, is bonis exutus, ac in career em de-
" jedus, iracundis, Knoxii pcenas dedit ".

Archbifhop Spotfwood in his Hiftory (b), fpeakinir of our Author,"
fays, " One Nintan WinJet School-mafter at Linlithgozu, a Man
«' of reafonable Learning, fet forth a Book of Queftions againft the
*' Confefton of Faith, which went current in the Court, and was
" much efteemed by them of his Profeflion, being cited, and di-
" vers Conferences kept with him, to make him acknowledge iiis
" Errors, he continued obftinate, and was therefore fentenced by
" the Church ; wherefore he forfook the Country, and fleeing to
^* Germany, was preferred to be Abbot of the Scots Monaftery ac
^^ i?jm^o«, where he lived many Years ".

The Catalogue of his Works.

AN Exhortation to the mat ft excellent and gracious Sovereign^
Mary ^een of Scottis, G^c. To the Btjhopis and uthcris
i'aftors, and to all of them of the Nobility vAthin this her Graces
Realme, for unfenz.it Reformation of Dodrine and Maneris;
and for obtatning of Licence, to propone in Writ to the PrichoU-
risof the Proteftantis, certain jirttculis twiching Doilrine, Or-
dour and Manerit, approven by them, and prejented to her maift
excellent Majefty, February 1 5//;, i ^6l. 8vo.

d q I ILThe

(«j iJb. 1. y,^. »}j. {J,) ub. 4. j-.j. ijj.

156 q1)e Cat alogttt of his Works. Vol. /[/.

^ - ■ — -■ ,- ■in I

II. The Bh^ of Fourjcore three ^eflions, touching Doilrine Or dour
and M.meris, proponit totHe Prechoris of the Protejlantis in
Scotland, by the Catholicks of the infer iour Order of the Clergy
and Layitmen^ thair cruellie ajjliilit and difverfit, be Verjuafiotm
of the faids intrufit Trechiouris, Jet furth be Ninian VVm/cr, a
Catholuk Prieft, at the defa^re of his faythful affiSfit Brcith-
ren, and delmerit /<? John Knox, the xxth of VcbxuOiX or yairby,
in the Zere of the blijfit Birth of our Saviour 1 565. Antwerp,
ex officina u^gidii Dieft. MDLXIII, XIII 0(ftob. cum gratta
^ prinjiiegio. 8vo.

III. Vincentiiis Lyrinenfis of the Natioun of Gallis, for the Anti-
quity and Vniverfality of the Catholick Fayth, againis the pro-
phane Nouattonis of all Here^es. ibid, in 8vo.

IV. Niniani Vinzeti Ranjroi Bagellum Hxrettcorum^ qui Religionit
pritextu jam in Ca;(arem, aut in altos orthodoxos principes fedi-
tionem excitare ftudent, qu&rentes ineptt]]tma quidem, Deo ne
magis an Principipus fit obedtendum^ Ingoldftadii, 1582. in
4.ro.

V. ui Tranflation of a 'Difcourfe of Ren^tus Benedi(5lus, concerning
compofing Difcords in Religion. Paris i ^6^ in 8vo.

VI. Velttatiom Geor. 'Qudx^n.Vialogum de jure Regni apud Scores,
Ingoldftadii 1582. in z^to.

Three of thefe Treatifes were printed in 400, 1^6^.

THE,

LIFE of Mr. GEORGE BUCH^

NAN,

THIS Gentleman was defcended from a good Fi-
mily (a), in the County or Shire of Dumbartor, ;
he was born about the beginning of the Month
of February, in the Year 1^06. His Parents who
lived in the Paroch of Ktllairn, were not in a ve-
ry prosperous Condition in the World, as he himfelf informs us ;
for when his Father died, he had been left in aflarving Condition,
had it not been for James Heriot his Uncle on the Mother's Side,
who took care of him, and finding him a Boy of an excellent
Genius, put him to the School at Dumbarton; where, after he had
o,"*io°Vh.learn'd his Grammar, he fent him over to Paris, where he ftudied
y;;«''''i"''in the College of jMontacute, and it would appear that he was
fometimes obliged to his Mu(e for his Sublillance, for he tells us,

that

(a) Vii. Geot. Buchjn. «b ipfo fcr.p. cum Com. Rob. l,yb..ld. M. D. tdr. 1.700 in 8vo. Dia. Hilt, ti Cnt. pir M. Bayl.

tA>. Choiiie f »r. M. CUtc Tom. VIII. tt» £log«s dc) HooyncJ fc*v*BS f»J Anuia Ttilter Tom. i, j. Pcn'f fl«' I" '< !*• "^*-

Vol. III. The Life 0/ Mr. GEORGE BUCHANAN. 157

that he apply'd himfelF to Poetry, Pctrtim naturx, impulfu, partim';^^^^
necellitdte, partly our of a natural Inclination, and partly out of '■'^'^/*^
Ncccflity : But his Uncle dying, and his Mufe not being able to ^^,_^^_^ ^^
maintain him at Paris-, he was obliged to return to his native >"'»^-
Country, notwithftanding that he was then very fickly.

About this Time, /o/;« Duke of ^<//L;/)', Vice-Roy or Governour
of Scotland, coming from France with Auxiliary Troops, to carry
on a War ac^ainft England ; Buchanan being reduced to great Want,
lilted himfclf as a common Sentinel in the Army, but the Seafon
of the Year bein" very fevere, by Reafon of the continual Snows,
he fell Sick, and was 'confined to his Bed all that Winter. Having ^^ ^.^
recovered his Health, John o^ajor, wiio dien taught Philofophy<h/A,''my'
in tlie Univerfity of St. Andrews., being informed tiiat he was 2ij,h"iZ]>f.
Youth of excellent Tarts, and reduced to great Neceffities, he fent
for him in the Beginning of the Year 1 514, and took him into his
Service, he being then in the 1 8th Year ot his Age. The next
Summer his Mafter going over to Paris, he took Buchanan alongft
with him, and kept him in his Service there for two Years, but not
thinkine his Service a fuitable Encouragement for Co great a Genius, cur^Vm"^.
he procured for him a Regency in the College of St. BarU, in the .ll^^umJerfi-
Year 151(5. For all which "good Offices done to him by his learned '^°*^'"'-
and worthy Mafter, he returned his Thanks in the following Scan-
dalous Epigram upon one of his Mafter's Books.

In foannem folo cognomento Qy^ajorem, ut ipfe in fronte Libri
Icripfit.

Cumjcateat ntigis Jolo cognomine Major, H.t grwi

Nee fit in tmmenjo pagina fana Libro ; JoCku^

Non mirum titulis quod fe 'veracihus ornat ****
Ncc fcwper mendax fingere Creta jolet.

And tiiis was the firft Time he fhowed his Ingratitude tb his Bene-
facftors, which as we iliall fliow, was the great and unpardonable
Blcmifh of his whole Life.

After he had taught Grammar in the Collego of St. Barbe for
three Years, Gilbert Earl of Cajjils being then at Paris, Buchanari ,^;J;^'::';^
quits his Regency, and was made Preceptor or Tutor to this noble J,';;^,ta.r of
Earl, with whom he ftay'd for five Years, during which Time he
tranflatcd from Englifti into Latin Linacer\ Grammar, which he de-
dicated to his Pupil About the Year \$}6, he returned with this
noble Man to Scotland, and by his Recommendation, Kins; >w« ^^H-cn,,^
V. imdr- him Preceptor to his Baftard Son fames Prior of St. (L^«-«nd is m.de

»• iiiaut^ Mini *»■<-'- r,.^, ■|*'l I rt 1 y \ Prtcepior to

drevjs, afterwards Ead of (*yldurray, with wiiom he Itayd three tji^^ri of
Years. Hichertq he had conceald his Sentiments about Religion,^'"'''
but finding that tire Reformation was favoured by King Henry Vlll
lie publickly blamed the Clergy fof their vitious Lives, efpecially
the rrancifcans, whom he expofed in a Poem (j), wherein he makes

R r St

(}) I'ocnuiuin P'g. 4II. p<r. i. Li, S*l> ii>9.

J5b The Ltfc of Mr. GEORGE BUCHANAN. Vol. HI.

f^^"^^ St Francis to appear to him in a Dream, perliiacJing him to be Jt
vA/*^ Francijcan Monk ; but our Author tells him that he was no ways;
fit For tliat, becaufe he had not fuch a mean daflarclly Son), as to
fubjecfl himfelt to be a Slave and a Beggar, or to become fiich an
impudent Cheat as the Laws of their Fraternity required, and lie was
firmly perfuaded, that (c\v or none either of that Order, or of any
other Order of Monks could be favcd.

Pervia fed raris funt Cali rtgna ChctiUisy
Vix monachis tllic creditur ej]e locus.

The Francijcans having got a Copy of this Poem, thcy accufed
liim of Herefy, but fince he difown'd tlie Poem, and that they
could not prove him to be the Author of it, the Procefs was
dropt.

Towards the End of May, in the Year 1 557, Buchanan and the
left ofthofe who favour'd the Reformation, had fome Hopes of an
Encouragement from the Throne, becaufe tlie King had newly
marry *d die Princefs Magdalen, ihe French King's Daughter, who
liad been brought up under Margaret Qj-ieen of N.warre, a known
Favourer of the Reformation ; but their Hopes foon vanidied, by the
Deatli of that Lady, which happened fhortly after. Not long after,
the Francijcans having offended the King, he defired Buchanan to
write a Satvr againft them, which he did, but with fuch Caution and
Ambiguity, that it no ways anfwered the King's Expedtations, where-
upon lie wrote his Franc ifcanus, a moft virulent Satyr, wherein Buc-
hanan reprefents one of his Friends that was going to be a Francif-
can, as impatient till he faw himfelf in his Habit, upon this our
Author tells him, tliat he was likewife very defirous to have enter'd
into that Order, till he was difTuaded by a Friend, who told him of
their vitious Lives and Morals, which lie paints forth under the Jn-
ftrudions of an old Monk to a young Novice, where amongft
other Things he tells him, that to become a true Brother of rlie
Francifcan Order, he muft arm his Tongue and his Heart with all
the Venome, Malice and Spite that Hell can afFoord, or the
Devils fuggeft to him.

Cur a Jit imprimis tibi I'tnguam armart veneno
Verhorum, u^tna an'tmas, antmas tibi torreat Hecldy
Tartara Sulphureis njolvant incendia fumis
cy^ixta, tibi nigris Phlegetontias unda cerafiis
iBul/iat, ^ mijeras lacerem cacodanwnes unwrasy
Donee fra6ta crepent longis fub dentibus ojja,
2S/ec minus horrendas Purgatrix flamma vapores
E'vomaty dterno nijl quod non AJiuet igne,
Sed precibus 'vinci queat £5* lujlralibus undis
Extingui, &c.

It is no wonder that the whole Clergy, after this bloody Satyr,'
were incenfed againft Bmhanany and iliey left no Stone unturned

till

Vol.111. The Life o/Afr. GEORGE BUCHANAN. 159

till they prevailed with the King that he fliould be tried for Herefie ; ;^;>^^-^
and having fcized upon his Perfon, he was imprifoned in the Bc-^,''~ .
ginning of the Year 1559. Our Author noways doubting, but that con'dVmHel
if he were brought to a Trial, he would be condemned and burnt mfw/h"!
for an Heretick, made feveral Attempts for tlie recovering of hisfl^'forl^-
Liberty, and at length was fo fuccefsiul, that one Night, when his
Keepers were fafl: afleep, he made his Efcape, and 'fied into En-
gL-nd : The Certainty of his Efcape was no "ooner known, but he
wa'5 denounced Fugitive : On the other Hand, in England he found
King Henrj VIII. perfecuting equally his Proteftant and Popifli
Subjects ; upon winch, being as much afraid of his Life there, as
in his own Country, he fled over to France^ where he found Cardinal
iBeaton lus mortal Enemy Ambaflador from Scotland^ and not doubt-
ing but that he might readily get notice of him, if he refidcd at
Paris^ he fled to Bourdeaux^ wliere he found Andrew de Go'vea, a
learned Gentleman of the Porr«^f/f Nation ; diis Man he had been
intimately acquainted with when he was Regent of the College of
St. Barbe^ and now he was in the Station of Redor to a School that
had been newly eredted at Bourdeaux; and finding that Charge too
great a Burden for one Perfon, and knowing that there was none better u-here he 1.
qualified for that Charge than Buchanan, he got him to be his SI of tS-
Coadjutor in that Charge; and that City was Angularly obliccd to Bi;;^^^," *'
iiim, for that fame very Year, the Emperor Charles V. paffintr
througli Bourdeaux, as Redfor of their School, he prefented the
Emperor with a mod noble Poem (a), wherein he flattered the
l-mperor fo agreeably, that he exprefled a deal of Satisfadbion, and
adured them of his Protedion and Favour : And indeed there can
be nothing more handfomly exprefled tiian his Addrefs to that Em-
peror, where he calls him, TTjc Governour of the Spanifli and Ma-
fler of the Italian Nations, the Conaueror of Lybia, ('the MoorS) the
Terror of Scythia, ( the Turks ) whom the Wefi refpedfs, whom the
North loves, and xvho wakes the utmoft Corner of tlje Eaji to tremble^
and whom the perfdious Moors are afraid of.

ReHorem gentis Iberx,

Aufonicc Dominum, Boreas pugnacis alumnum
Vtdorem Lybix Terr a, Scythiacque timorem,
^luem colit occafus, Boreas amat, ultimus horrei
Ortus, ^ infidi metuit Jolertia Mauri.

We have another excellent Poem of our Author's in favour of
the Sciiool of Bourdeaux to the Chancellor of France, wherein he
tells him, that they would be obliged to leave that School, if they
were not fupplied with larger Revenues ; and that all he required
oi him was, that he would give them an immediate Anfwer by a
fpeedy Supply or RefuTal.

fiAut ope pr^inti rnijerat Jolare (jMreLts,
j4ut jaltem auxilii Jpem cito tolie ttii.

K r I And

0.; >/!», lA. I.

1 60 Tlje Life of Mr. G h O K G K li U C H A N A N. Vol. 1 1/.

'■^*'^«^ And it fccnis the Chancellor was piearccl to ^rant liis Rccnicft,
^y^ for we ^^nd amon^ft Buchanans Mirccllany Poems, a Return of
Thanks to the Chancellor : But the great care that he toolc in tlie
Education of the Children of that City, appeared mainly in his
bringing the Youth from the irivial Diverflons that luid crept in
amon"(i them, to thofe more becoming and iiiflructivc onesol the
Sta^e; lor here it was that he compofed all his Tragedies, 'tis true,
they were not publiUied till fome Years after; for the Tragedy of
S. "John the Baptilt, tho' it was firft written, yet was lad publilhcd,
die fird I:dition of it being at London in i 578. Next to this was his
Tranllation ot Euripides his Aledea, which was a(fted at Boardenttx
in I5'45. And he tells us, that diefe two Trageches having fuc-
cecded beyond his bxpedarion, he took fome more Pains about
the other two, 'viz,- his Jephthes, which was publiflied at Paris in
,1554, and his yilcejle, publifhed likcwifc at Paris 1556.

By this Time Buchanans Fame begun to fpread all over Europe,
and having reached Cardinal Beaton s Ears, that Cardinal wrote a
Letter to the Arch-Bifhop of Bourdeaux, wherein he informed him,
how diat Buchanan had tied his Country for Herefie, that he had
lampoon'd the Cliurch in mod virulent Satyrs, and that if he would
put nim to the Trial, he would find him a mod pedilentious Here-
tick : The Arch-Bilhop happened to fhow this Letter to one of
Buchanans Friends, who dilfuaded him from profecuting our Au-
thor ; but that which contributed mod for his Safety, was, that
about this Time King James V. died, which involved the Cardinal
himfelf in fuch Didiculties, that he could never get himfelf extricate
out of them, as we have fhown in his Life: Buchanan tells us, that
lie only taught for three Years at Bourdeaux, but makes no Mention
of his going from thence to Prtr/V, where, notwithdandin^, 'tis
Hcgoeito j-j-jQJ'j^ certain, that he was for fome TimeProfedbr in the College of
J^"dePr"ofcr- Cardinal U cy^oine, for we find him there, by one of his Elegies
coutg.'of which he addredes to his Friends at Bourdeaux, whild he had the
^..tT"' Gout, in the Year 1544, in which he mentions as his Collegue
7ohn Gelida de Vallence, who was then one of the Regents of that
College,

Citeraque ut cedent, Gelidas pa cura Sodalis
Et Patris ^ Patrid Jujlinet ufque njicem.

The King of Portugal having founded a College at Coniml^ria, he
wrote a Letter to Go'vca, defiring that he would bring alongd with
him what learned Men he could perfuade, upon the Promife of
fufficient Rewards for teaching of the Sciences in his Univerfity of
Conimbria; ^nd Buchananhtm^ono. of thofe whom Co^^fa applied
himfelf to, he very willingly embraced the Offer, and tells us in
one of his Elegies, that having no Encouragement for teaching ot
Poetry at Pari), he refolved to forfake the Mufes, and bids them
adieu, fince he had fpent his Youth with them, and that they could
not maintain him, or afford him a tolerable Way of Living.

Itc

Vol. ill. The Life Mr. GEORGE BUCHANAN. i6i

he leves nm^^ fltrilefque -valc'te Cam en a, 'IV^^

Criitii(\i*e FhtFveo Cajtalts unda choero, ^^\^kj

Jte, flit ejl, frimos 'vobifcum (tbfump/imiis annos,
Optima pars njit& deperiitqne ^eA.

Then he defires them to enquire after thofe who could (ing in
Famine, or make Verfes 'by drinking Water.

'^Im.r'ite quern capiat jejuna cantus in umbra,
^Ijurite qtii pot a carrnina cantet aqua.

And towards the End of that Poem, after he has fpoke of the
Poverty of fcveral PoctSj he very pleafantly asks why Calliope remain'd
ftill a Virgin.

Calliope longum celebs cur njixit in &vum ?
Mempe nihil dotis quod numeraret erat.

But before 'Buchanan undertook this Voyage" for Portugal, he
caufed his Friend Andrew Govea to inform the King of Portugal by
a Letter, of the whole Affair betwixt him and the Francijcans in
Scotland, and that the Satyr he had writ againfl: them, was not as
his Enemies gave out, to defame the Catholicks, but wrote in Obe-
dience to z\\e King his Mafter's Command, whom the Francifcans
had offended : The King of Portugal being fatisfied with this Apo- He goe,
lo^^V, Govea, Nicolas Gruchius, Gulielmus Gar ant ms, Jacobus Ta- '^°fj,]."^,\
njnis, Heiias Venetus, Mr. "Buchanan, and his Brother Mr. P^rWcit^^y/p^^fi.
Buchanan embarked for Portugal, .where they fafely arrived in the^'jj^^^j^;,";*
Year 1 547. •' cmmtri*.

The next Year Jacobus T&iJius, havirtg publirtied his Book de
rebus geflis ad T)ium Cambaix oppidum, which he dedicated to the
Kino, ot Tortiigal; Buchanan wrote a commendatory Poem upon
this Book to the King of Portugal, whicii made 'Dempjler fall into
the Midake that Buchanan had wrote tliis Book.

Durin" all the Time that Andrew Gonjea lived, Buchanan was
proteded by him, he being a great Favourite of the King oi^ Portu-
gal's; but that learned Man dying in the Year 1548, Buchanan wsis
accufed of being Author of the Poem againft the Francijcans, oUuXyhft-
iiaving eat Flefli in Time of Lent, of having faid that S. (iAugufiin^;'^\C^l
was niore favourable to the Do(5trine of the Reformers, than to that"""*
of the Churcii of Rome : Concerning the Eucharifl, there were
Witncffes likewifc broudit, that deponed that they had heard from
Pcrfons of "ood Credit that Buchanan was a Lutheridn. Thcfe were
(ullicic;nt Reafons in tliat Kingdom, for putting any Man into the
Inquifition } and accordingly our Author was put into it, where he
remained for a Year and an Half. I fliall not trouble the Readcf
with the Account of the Method and Manner of the Proceedings
againft Hcreticks in the Inquifition, fince I have given a full Ac-
count of it in tlic fecond Volume of this Work, in the Life oi Mr.
luhn Scheve;u Official of St. c/dndrews, but only acquaint him, that
^ S r he

Urn

i6l The Life of Mr.C.EOKC.E BUCHANAN. Vol. fff.

'^^ lie was fct at Liberty, or rather removed to a more agreeable I'ri-
*"''>^ Ton, being confined toaCloifter till he fhcnild be better in(lrii(itcd

H. iicoD-jn the Principles of the Romijh Church,
ci'o.oe?. * He tells us, that the Monks of this Cloiftcr to whicli lie was con-
fined were very civil to him, being Pcrfons of great Probity and
Humanity : But here he gives us another Specimen of his Gratitude
Hi. ingr.t;- to his Bcnefacflors, for he fays, That they were altogether ignoi'ant
Monk's?''" and void of Religion. Hominihus (juidem aliocjui nee inhuwanis,
nee malisy fed ornnis Religtonis ignarts : Now how improbable this-
is, will appear from thele Monks having impofed upon him as a
Pennance, that he fhould turn the Pfalmsof Am^into Latin Verfe,
which he did with fuch inimitable Sweetnefs and Llc^ancy, that
this Verlion of the Pfalms will be eftecmed and admired as long
as the World endures, or Men have any Relifh for Poetry ; and the
L!bt.iV['li!d King of Portugal and the Clergy were (o well pleafed with this
l°l/w" '" I'ertormance, that he was not only fet at Liberty, but had a Pcnfion
fettled upon him, till fuch Time as die King (Kould find an Oppor-
tunity of fettling him in fome lucrative Station ; but the harfh
Treatment he had met with, gave him fuch a Difgufh at the Clergy
of that Kingdom, that he took the Opportunity of a Candia Ship
that was going for England, M'here he fafely arrived in the Year
J551.

Edward VI. was then upon die Throne o( England, and had

eftabliOied the Proteftant Religion in that Kingdom ; but whether

'Buchanan was unwilling as yet to declare himfelf Proteflant, or that

he thought the State of the Englifh Nation not fufHciently fetded,

I know not ; but he refufed iome advantagious Offers that were

.njfrom ,^ade to him by King Edward, and went over to France in the Bc-

Tr»i,. ginning of the Year 1 551. A tew Days after the Emperor Charles

V. had raifed the Siege of a^ets ; upon which Buchanans Friends

would needs have him write a Poem, which he did, though much

againft his Will, being afraid that it might do Prejudice to his Friend

Melin des Gelais, who had compofed a Poem upon that Occafion,

and was one of the beft French Poets of that Age. But altho' that

Emperor had been his Benefacftor for his former Poem which he

. compofed upon him at Bourdeaux, he would needs give himlike-

tJ' to^'he" wife a Swatch of his Ingratitude.

imftioi, *-'

TTiig^ifl * Stil^ femi mauro Carfare, froh pudor !

Germana 'virtus cejferaty Italutn
1ndo6ia libertas Tyranni
Rrre jugum tacit e fremebat.

But he wanted ftill an Opportunity of maltreating his good
Friends and Benefa(fl:ors the Portugefe, and now being at Liberty,
he compofed a malitious Satyr againft the whole Nation.

Glebxque tantum fcrtiUs penHrfx,
&c.

What

Vol.111. qije Lije of Air. ij to KG E BV CHAN AN. i6^

What Station our Author was in at this Time in France we know;
not, fince neither he nor any other have mcntion'd it, but he tells
us. That in the Year i^^% Charles Je Cojfe Martjhal de Brijjai, to
whom he had dedicated the Year before his Jephthcs, called him to ^^^
Piemont, where he then commanded the French King s Forces, and ('omtfam*
made him Preceptor to his Son, Timoleon de Cojc, with whom he wh.re''h.; ii
ftay'd for five Years ; during which Time he apply'd himfelf to The- "Sr To'th.
ology, but efpeciallv to the controverfial Part of it, betwixt the^n^^l'sot
Church of Rome and the Reformers : But at the fame Time, we
find, that he did nor negle(5t the Mufes, for it was then that he com-
pofed his noble Poem upon the Sphere, the Ode upon the Duke
of Guife\ taking of Calais, and his admired Epithalamium upon
the Marriage ol Queen Miry to the Dauphine of />-^«cf. About the.o"',"^'^"^
Year 1560, he returned to ^cof/t7«^, and finding the Reformation ""^^ '"""4

/-111 1 1 II Pnncipjl or

in a Manner fettled, there he openly renounced the Romijh Reli-s^^"""*»
gion, and declared himfelf Calvimji, the prevailing Party at that
Time ; and fhortly afterwards, he was made Principal of St. Leonard's
College in the Univerfity of St. Andrews:, where he taught Philofo-
phy for fome Time, and at his Hours of Leifure, he colle(51:ed to-
gether all his Poems, excepting fuch of them as were in the Hands
of his Friends, and of which he had no Copies.

The befl: Edition of thefe Poems is that of Saumttr, in the Year
1 610 by John Bureau, for tho' the Title Page bears by yihraharA
Elz^evir at aAmfierdaw^ yet the Title of the fecond part and the
Charad:ers, fhew that it was done in France. In this Edition we
have I ft. The Pfalms, then his Tragedy o( fephthes and St. John Bap-
tift, then his /r^«c/Jw«»c and other Satyrs againft the Monks, fome
Poems in Elegiac Verfe in Imitation of O-via; his Syha in Heroick
Verfe in Imitation oi Statius ; Verfe of eleuen Syllables in Imitation
o^ Catullus, Jambick Verfes in Imitation of the fame Poet, which are
for the moft part Satyrs. Three Books of Epigrams, and one of Mis-
cellanies, confifting of Odes, Epigrams and all Sorts of Poems, his
imperfedl Poem upon the Sphere in V. Books, in Imitation o(Aratus.
And Lajlly, His Medea and Alcejie tranflated from Euripides in
tile Year 1 564. He compofed on the Marriage of Queen t^Mary
with the Lord 'Darnly, an admirable Poem, which is in the third
Book of his Epigrams, with feveral others, upon a. Dianjantine Form
of a Heart, which Queen Aiary fent Queen Eliz,al>eth, in the Year
1566. And upon the Birth of King James the (5th, he compofed
a Poem which we have amongft his SylvA, and another upon hi5
'Baptifm, which is in the thircl Book of his Epigrams.

As thefe Poems gain'd him the Love and Efteem of all Men of
Learning, ib his Biggotrv and Zeal fof the Principles and Do(5lrinei
of the Calvinijls, gained him fuch an Efteem amongft the Mini-
fters, that although he was a meer Laick (as indeed moft or all
of themfelves were ) they made Choice of him for their Modera- Mod ""'*'

etitoi
to the

tor to tlic National A(fembly of their Church, met at Edtnhrgh'^.U^^
upon die ijth of "June 156I' '''^'

Six in

1 64 The Life of Afr. G hOK Gh J^ UCH A N A N. V„l. Jff.

r^^^^''*^ In tins Alleinbly the Superiinendants of yln^ns and Bergen) were
^'^ fent to the Lords of the I'rivy Council^ to dc/irc their Lordfhips
to meet and concur with them, in (ccthnc; the Affairs of the ChurLli,
upon which they made an Overture to the AfTembly, that the No-
ble Men who adhered to tlie Qiieen and lierlncercfl fhould likewife
be adverti(ed to meet with them; that all of them mii;ht concur
in fo <Tood a Work. 'Buchanan and his Brethren were very well
plcaled with this Overture, fo they prorogued their Meeting to the
20 of July next ; and in the mean Time appointed circular Letters
to be wrote to the Earls of v^rgj/f, Huntly, Caithnefs, Rothes, Craiv-
ford and Monteith, the Lords Boyd, Drumnwnd, Hereis, Catkart,
Tejler, Fleewing and Somervel, and to the Commendators of ^ber-
hrothock, Killwinntng, Dumfermling, St. Cohuke. JNezobottle, and
Hiily-Rood-Houfe. Thefe being the Noblemen and Gentlemen
whom they fulpeifled moft, for favouring of the Queen's Intereft,
and that their Letters might obtain the greater Credit, they fent
fohn Knox, Mr. fohn Douglas, Mr. John Row and Mr. fohn Craig
iiieir Commillioners, to enforce them, either by fair and gentle
Means, or by rhreatning to cut them ofFfrom the Communion of
the Church : But mod of all thefe Noblemen either abfolutely re-
fufed to meet with them, or fent their Excufes either by Writing or
VVoid of Mouth, upon the Account ot the Imprifonment of the
Queen their lawful Sovereign, and the ftrong Garrifon that was
then in Edinbueah. And the Earl of (lArgyle and the Lord Boydy
told them in their Anfwers, That as to zvhat concerned the Tolicy
of the Church, they hoped that they vjould make no alterations till
there was a <*y^feeting of the EJlates, Although both of them had
fubfcribed the Book of Policy long betore, and made no Scruple
either of Law or Cuftom at that Time.

The Noblemen who oppofed the Queen, finding that they could
not induce the other Noblemen to meet with them, they joined
with the AlVembly, who had appointed a folemn Fafl; to be kept at
Edinburgh the Day before they fat : So the next Day Buchanan and
his Brethren opened the Alfembly, and the following Articles were
agreed to. fi>"J}, That the Adts made in the Parliament on 14th
of Augufl 1 560, concerning Religion, and the abolifhing of the
PoDf's Authority, fliould be extraded furth of the Regifters, and
have the Force of a publick Law, and that the faid Parliament, in
fo far as concerns the Ads made by them in Favours of the Refor-
med Religion, fhould be maintain'd and defended by them as a
lawful Parliament held by fufficient CommiiTion from the Queen
then being in France, and be ratify 'd in the firft Parliament which
fhould happen to be kept within the Realm, idly, That till per-
fedf Order might be taken for reftoring the Patrimony of the Church,
the Ad: of Aflignation of the Thirds of Benefices, for the fuftaining
the Miniftry fhould be put in due Execution. 3^/y, That an Ad
of Council made with the Confent of her Majefty, touching the
conterring of fmall Benefices within the Value of jOOMerks to Mi-

nifters

Vol. 1 1 J. Tk Ltfe of Mr, Q-EOKGE BUCHANAN. i6$

niftcrs fhould be put in Praaice, as likcwife the Acfls for Annuals, ^^^^-^
Obits and Aultcrages, efpccially within JJrughs. i^thly, That the>AA*
flirt lawful Parliament that fhould be kept, or fooncr if Occafion
mi'j;ht fcrve, the Cluuch of Chrifl; within diis Kingdom fhould be
fultv icAorcd unto the Patrimony belonging to the flunc, and that
notliing be pafl in Parliament before tha't, and other Matters of the
Church were firft coniidered and approved. In the mean Time,
the Barons and other ProfelTors of Religion then prefent, did wil-
lingly offer and confent to reform themfelves in the Matter of the
Church Patrimony, according to the Book of God, and to put the
Time in Pracftice for their own Parts, ordaining tiie Refufers and
Contiavcencis of the fame to be fecluded from all Benefits of the
Church ; and it vi'as further agreed, that in the next Parliament, or
othcrwife, at the firfl Occafion, Orders fhould be taken for the
Eafe of the Labourers of the Ground, in the Payment of their
Tithes ; and that the fame fhould not be difponed to any others,
without dicir Advice or Confent. 5//;/y, That none fhould be
permitred to bear Charge in the Schools, Colleges and Univerfi-
ties, nor allowed publickly orprivately to inflrucfb the Youdi, except
fuch as fhould firfl: be tryed by the Superintendants and Vifitors of
the Church, who being found duely qualify 'd, fhould be admitted
by themfelves to their Charges. 6thlj^ That all Crimes and Offen-
ces committed againfl the Law of God, fhould be fcverely puni-
fhed according to the Word of God, and Judges deputed for Exe-
cution thereof, or if there be no Laws as yet made, nor Judges ap-
pointed for the Punifhment of fuch Crimes, that the fame 'fhould
be done in the firfl: Parliament. "Jthly, That feeing the horrible Mur-
der of the Kin<j; her Majefty's Husband, is a Crime mofl: odious before
God, and tending to the perpetual Shame and Infamy of the Re-
alm, if the fame fhould not ht exemplary punifhcd. The Noble-
men, Barons and other Profeflbrs of Religion, fhould employ their
whole Forces, Strength and Power, for the jufl: Punifhment of all
and whatfocver Perfons that fhould be try'd and found guilty of the
fame. 8//;/y, Since it has pleafed God to give a native Prince to
the Country, who in all Appearance fhall become their King and
Sovereign, leafl he fhould be murdered, and wickedly taken away
as his Father was, the Nobility, Barons and others underfubfcribing»
fhould aflifl maintain and defend the Prince, againfl all that fhoufd
attempt to do him any Injury. Qthly, That all Kings and Princes,
that in any Time hereafter fhall liappen to'-Rei^n, and have the
Rule of the Realm, fhall in the firft Entry, and before they be ei-
dicr crowned or inaugurated, give their Oath, and faithfully ' Pro-
niifc unto the true Church of God, for maintaining and defending
by all Means, the true Religion of Chrifl, prefently profefled with-
in tlic Kingdom. io//;/y, That the Prince's Education fhould bo
comniitted to the Care of four wife and godly Men, to be trained
up in Virtue and the Fear of CJod, that when he cometh to Age,'
lie may dilcharge himfclf fufficiently of that Place and HonoQr,

T I where-"

166 The Life of Mr. GEOKGE BUG HAN AM. Vol. Hf.

A^^ whereunto he is called. And, Lafly, That the Nobility, Haroni
^-"V^ and others undcrfubfcribing, fhoulJ faithfully promifc to coiivccn
themfelves in Arms, for the rooting out of klolatry, efpccially tlic
blafphemous Ma(s, without Exception of I'lace or Pcrfon. And
likewile, fhould remove all Idolaters and others, not admitted to
the preaching of the Word, from the bearing of any f uncftion in
the Church, whicii may be a Hinderancc to the Miniftry in any
Sort, and in their Places appoint Superintendants, Mimdcrs anil
other needful Members of the Church. And further, fliould (aith-
fully bind theml'elves to reform all Schools, Colleges and Univcr-
fities througiiout the Realm, by removing all fuch as arc not of
the Reformed Religion, and planting faithul Teacliers in their
Rooms, lead tiie Youth fKould be corrupted with poifonable Dot\-
rine in their younger Yeats, which afterwards would not eafily be
removed. They Iikewife (a ) appointed. That the Qiieen fhould
renounce the Crown and Royal Power, in Favours of the Prince
her Son, with a Commifllon to invefl him in the Kingdom, and a
Procuration was given to the Lords Lindjay and liiithven, to give
up and refign the Realm in Prel'ence of the Eftates, and another
Commifllon was given, ordering the ¥.ixd of Murray, the Queen's
Baflard Brother, and Buchanan sold Pupil, to be Regent during the
Prince's Minority, and that in Cafe he refufed to accept of it in his
fingle Perfbn, that he with the Duke of Chattelheranlt, the Earls of
Lennox, d/drgyle, ylthol, cy'kforton, Glencairn and o^Mary Ihould
joindy govern and adminiftrat all publick Afrairs.

Thcfe Articles were agreed to, and fubfcribed in Prefence of the
AfTembly, by the Earls o( Morton, Glencairnind Mar, the Lords
Honje, Riithven, Sanquhar, Lmdjay, Graham, Jnrterineath and Ochil-
trie ; and many Barons and CommifTioners of Burghs, and publi-
fhed over the Market Crofs of EdinbHrgh, upon the 29th X^xy of

July .

Thus rofe this monflrous AfTembly, who like their Head, Bitcha^
nan, acfted in a double Capacity as Clergy and Lay-men, tho' they
had no Commifllon or Power to a(5t as either, dethroning their So-
vereign, and prefcribing Rules for th^ SuccefTor, and States of
Parliament. Hitherto Buchanan had lived privately at St. Andrews,
and rather Teemed to favour the Queen than her Enemies ; as it
appears Trom the Teveral VerTes tliat he wrote in Commendation
of her, and for which he always^ taflcd of the Royal Bounty, which
(he largely beftowed upon him : ' But according to his accuflomed
•r"«i"g»- Gratitude to his Benefadors, after this, he fell into all the Inde-
Queen!"'*" cencies that enraged and hellifh Malice could be guilty oT And
one 'I ™he ^hc fitfl Thing that was done in Obedience to them, was the Crown-
«p""', "Ind '"S ^^ ^'^^ young Prince in the Church of Stirling, upon the ZOth
on. of A.e of oAuzuli. And in a Meeting of Tome of the Nobility at Bdinburph,

Commimo- ■T'Troi,*- •? »T«iir>i iii

.eci for ac- the Earl or (^Murray the Queens Baftard Brother, was declared
Q.u«u! * Regent, and Buchanan was chofen one of the King's Preceptor's,

and

Vid. Pctnt's Church Hift. Pict 3. Pige }j«.

Vol. III. The Life Mr. GEOllG t B UCH AN AN. 167

and the next Year he was chofen one of tlie Comminioners that 2^^'7»(P,
was fcnt to England againft the Qiieen. AndCanihden tells us, that*^V^'
it was about this Time he wrote insDetedionof the Doings of Maty
^cen of Scots, and of JsLmes Earl of Bothw ell, againft Henry Lord
Darnly, tho' it was not publifhed till fome Years thereafter ; in this
fcandsilous Libel, he endeavours not only to blacken the Queen
with the murdering of her Husband, but by feveral counterfeit
Letters and Verfes to reprefent her as one of the lewdeft Women
of the Age. All which we fhall fhew to be mere Afperfions and
Lies, in the Life of that illuftrious Princefs ; but he not only thus
afperfed his Royal Miftrifs, but likewife aded a difgraceful Part,
both as to his Nation, and the Characfler which he bore> by the
begging Verfes which he fent to the Englijh Courtiers, and for
which he was often rewarded, as we find by his Poems.

After Buchanans Return from England, for the good Service
tliat he had done by his fcandalous Lybels, he had tiie Abbacv of
Crofs-Raguel beftowed upon him, and was made Diredor to the
Chancery. Upon the 23d o( January 1569, his Pupil the Retrent
was murdered at Ltnlithgoio, which wa^ a heavy Stroke to him,'^ for
he loved him as his own Life. Yet we find his Succeftbr the Earl of
cyMorton, who was made Regent or Governour of the i^ealm, did
not negle<ff him, for he made him one of the Lords of the Privy
Council, and Lord Privy Seal. Neitlier did Queen Eliz^abeth for-
get the Service that he had done to her, whilft he was in England^
in defaming her Royal Sifter Queen Mary, for which he had a Pen-
(ion of an lOO Pounci Sterling Wit\G.d upon him yearly, as I find by
a Lift in the Cotton Library of the Scots Penfionaries, whom fhe
yearly rewarded for fomenting Divifions in their native Country.
And fo grateful he was to Queen EUz^abeth for this Penfion of his,
that he no fooner entered into Pay, but without any Regard to his
native Country, his Duty to his lawful Sovereign, the Obligations
that he owed to his Pupil the yourfg Prince, he immediately publi-
ftied his Book of the Rtght oj the Scots Kings, which has laid a la-
fting Foundation of Rebellion witji the unrhinking^^ob, and has
been one of the main Defences of all the Rebellions that has been
ever fince that Time raifed againft our Monarchs. This Book is
wrote byway of Dialogue in Imitation of thofe ofX"/«ro's, whofe
Stile |ie has io well imitated, that for the Language, it is deferved-
ly efteemed as a Mafter-Piece in its Kind, the Dialogue is betwixt
'Buchanan and Mr. Ti)fimas Maitland, a learned and a Loyal Gentle-
man, whom he reprefents as, newly returned from his Travels, and
furpriz'd at their -cebellious Proceedings againft their Sovereign.
For vindicating of which, Buchanan endeavours, Firji, To prove
in general, tiiat Men were born to live in Society, and for this
they inajc Choice of the ny)ft virtuous Men to be their Gover-
nour6,. tiiat as Difcords and Divifions obliged Men to creat Kings
at /irft, the Injuries that tlicfe Kings might do their Subje(5ts, obli-'
gcd ihcni to make Laws, according to which tliey fliould be obli-

T t 1 ged

An. 15S1.

168 The Life 0/" TWa Ci EOR G H BUCHANAN. Vol.111.

ced to "ovcni tlicm, yet there arc fomc Things that thcfc /.aws do
not contain, and whicn intirely depend upon tlic AdminiOration of
thcfc Kini^s, fucli are the Deliberations and Precautions a^ainfl what
may difturb the Stare, in which Cafe they ought to take the Advice of
prudent and wile Men : And as to the Enquiries after the Matters
of Facft, they ou^lu to leave them to the Judges that are well /een
in the Laws, and who will judge of them according to the Law ;
that the Power of making new Laws rcfides in the People or their
Reprefentatives the States of Parliament ; for if otherwife, Xings
fliould be allowed to make new Laws as they pleafed, then wc
fhould fall into the Inconveniencies they endeavoured to fhun by
their eled^ing of them ; for in this Cafe they would be above the
Laws, and conlcquently their Government would be abfolute and
arbitrary; nay, which is more, they ought not to be allowed to
interpret die Laws j for if they were, they would give them what-
ever Glofs or Senfe tliey pleafed, as the Popes do upon the facred
Scriptures, and the Canons of the Councils. After this, Bnchanan
gives us a Defcription of a good King and a Tyrant ; and as to
what may be oppofed to this Doctrine from the Lex Repa, our
Author fays, that tho' the Emperor Jujlinian was a good Prince,
and approved of that Law which gave an abfolute Power to the
Emperors, yet it does not follow, that it was therefore a good Law
in it fclf, the befl of Princes being pleafed with this Sort of flattery

£t qui mlunt occidere qtienqnam

pojje volant.

Now to make an Application of all this to the Scots, Buchanan
fays, that the ancient Scots made choice of fuch Perfons to be their
Kings as they knew to be virtuous, and under whofe Government
they happened to live happily ; and thofe who anfwered not their
Expedfations, but reign'd tyrannically, they never failed to call them
before the Parliament, to imprifon, baniih or execute them, with-
out ever their SuccefTors (who were not chofen as neaiefl: of Blood,
but thofe who were moft capable to govern) revenging the fame,
that on the contrary, whenever fadious Subjedts rofe in Rebellion
ac^ainfl their good Kings, the Affafins and Rebels were moft feverely
punifhed ; that fince King Kenneth Ill's Time, who made the Mo-
narchy hereditary, the Scots had not loft their ancient Rights and
Privileges, as it appears from the Examples of thofe Kings, who
fince that Time have been puniflied for abufing their Authority :
And yet in his Time, in feveral of the ancient Families of the
Weflern Iflands oi Scotland, the Chiftains of Clans weredepofed if
they followed not the Advice of their neareft Relations and Friends :
And the Truth of all this further appears from this, that fince die
Kings fwear at their Inauguration, to obferve inviolably the Laws
and Privileges of the Nat'ion, it makes it appear that they are only
Kings upon that Condition, and whenever they tranfgrefs tfief e Laws,
they are no more our Kings, but perjured Tyrants. After this,

'Buchanan

Vol.111. qlje Ltje of Mn GEORGE BUCHANAN. i6^

Buchanan anfwers the Objccflions that are brought againft this J^,^
Do(ftrine from the Old and New Teftament, and fays, that the Kinc;''''^'**^
that is fpolcen of, i Sam. Cliap. viii. ii. is a tyrannical King, be-
caufe Cod difcharged them from making him, T>etit. xvii. i6. and
following Verfes, and which Samuel foretold he fhould be ; and as
for thofc TalTages of St. Prf«/'s, where he enjoins aU Chriftians to
pray for die Powers that are fet over us, and for Kirtg^ to whom we
arc dcHred to fubmit, not only for Fear, but for Confcience Sake.
For the^ that re/iJI, receive unto themfehes "Damnation, i T/w.Ch.ii.v.i.
Tit. Chap. iii. (5. Rom.xiu.d. He fays, we ought to pray for wicked
Princes, as well as for good ones, that we may live in Peace under
them, as S. Paul fays, for Prayer and SubmilTlon have a Relation to
all Sorts of Magiftrates, as well as to Kings, whofe Powers are not
unlimited, as fome affirm : Befides, S.P^«/makes not this Addrefs to
the Senate or Parliament as Reprefentatives of the People, nor to
the fubaltcrn Magiftrates, but to a few of the poor indigent People>
who had no Share in tlie Government of the Empire j and it be-
longed not to fuch People to oppofe the Emperor, or the meaneft
Ma^iftrate of the Empire, die fafeft and wifeft Way for them, being
to fubmit without Murmuring, or making of the leaft Refiftance.

Buchanan, to [how chat Kings are anfvverable for their Conducfb
here upon Earth, brings as a Proof of it, the uOaal Condudl of the
Church o^ Rome, who m all Eeelefiaftical Matters makes them fub-
\e€t to the Popes and Bifhops, and yet the Church of Rome never
pretended that either the Popes or Bifhops could not be called to
an Account for their Doings, but on the contrary, have done it very
often : And here he approves and brings in the Diftindiion betwixc
the Pope and the Papacy, and fhews how the Pope may be puni-
fhcd, without any Hurt done to the Papacy, which he applies to the
Monarch and the Monarchy : And fhews that the punifhing of a
wicked Monarch is noways prejudicial to the Monarchy : And altho
he acknowledges diat the Scripture fays nothing of all this, yet he
fays that we have as good Ri^ht to do it, as to eftablifh an Infinity
of Laws, ofwhich the facred Writers have faid nothing. Moreover,
if St. Paul had wrote to Societies, of which the Magiftrates and
Sovereign were Members, as they are at this Day amongft Chrifti-
ans, he would have given Precepts to thefe Powers, and marked
out' the Limits of their Power, as well as he had done to thof> that
obey them : If the Chriftians that live at this Day under the Twrfcx,
fhould demand Advice of our Chriftian Bifhops,' no doubt tliey
would give them S. "Bauh Advice, to fubmit and pray, becaufe ic
were Folly in them to attempt to do otherwife.

Our Author fays, that if any one defires an Example from facred
Scriptures of Subjcds punifhing their Kincs, he anfwers them, tliac
there arc a great niany good Laws in all States and Kingdoms, thac
are not to be found in the Scriptures. And on the other Hand, fi^
demands of them a formal Paffage from the facred Scriptures, dil-
tiiaiging the People from killing a Tyrant, he fays, heisfure, mat

jyo 77;f Itfe of Mr. C H O K (; I- BUCHANAN. Vc ,1. J f [.

Clf'^"^ no fuch Palfagc can be found, tlic Scriptures being filcnt in fncli
''^^ Matters of Politick's. Then our Author Ihewj from the Grecian^
Rowan^ French., 'Dj«/y7;ancl JVo/j Hiftorics, that thefe Nations have
often punifhcd their Kings, when they abufcd the Power that was
"iven to them by the People : Many Inftances of which are to be
ihown in the Scots Hiftory, particularly in CuIcuhs, Bverms, I\ir-
mhard, and James III. And tho' what he lias (aid, may, as he
thinks, fufiiciently convince the Scots ot the Lawfulncfs of punifhing
their Kin^s, yet for their further Satistadion, he appeals to them,
and to all the World, if it be not better that Kings ihouUl be rubjetH:
to the Laws, and punilhed by them, than that they fhould be above
them, and act according to tlieir Caprices: Neither is this preju-
dicial to "ood Kings, who obferve the Laws of their Country, and
as for the wicked Kings, none can doubt but tliat it's better botli
for the People and themfelves that they be kept in Order : They
who diftngage fuch from the Bounds that are prefcribcd by tlic
Laws, looie againft the Laws and Reafon two furious Monfters,'^/^,
Cruelty, and an unbounded Avarice. For, fays he, oAnJlotle was
certainly in the Right, when in the Third Book of his Politicks, he
fays, 'That he zvho orders ivhi't Reafon commands^ Jeems to order
zvhat the Cods and the Laws command, but he that pins any Thing
of cPWiw to it, joins a loild Beaft, or an unbounded oAvarice.

'Tis very evident, lays our Author, that Kings were made for the
People, for if there were no People or Societies, there would be no
life for Kings ; and lince that which is only becaufe of another
Thing is lefs excellent than it, it follows that Kings are lefs excel-
lent than the People, who are fubjedl to them in their Members
that confticutes theii Societies, and confequently thefe Societies have
greater Authority than their Kings, and call them to an Account
tor their Maladminiftration \ neither ought we to be furprized at
this, fince they appear even before Inferior Judges by their Procu-
rators, when they would join to their Dominions any Tiling tliat
does not properly belong to them : And is it not abfurd ayd ridi-
culous, fays our Author, to fuppofe that they fhould be obliged to
give an Account for their ufurping a Garden, a Meadow, or fuch
like Trifles, and that they fhould not be obliged to give an Account
of their MafTacres, Oppreflions, and other Adls of Cruelty and In-
juflice done to their Subjeds : Befides, there is a Contracft betwixt
all Princes and their Subjei5ls, and they who firfl break it, lofe their
Dominion and Power j and this has been the Sentiment of all thofe
who oppofed their lawful Kings when they became Tyrants, and
fuch were of old the wifeft and happiefl People in the World. The
Grecians and the Romans who fometimes endured a moderate Ty-
ranny, when they could live with any Security, as in the Reigns of
Vcfpaftan, Titus and Pertinax amongfl the Romans, and of u^lex-
ander and Hteron amongfl the Grecians j fo loth were they to op-
pofe their Princes, till they came to Extremities. But that Kin^s
may and ought to be judged, our Author endeavours laflly to make

appear

Vol. III. T7;f Life o- Afr. GhOKGE BUCHANAN. 171

appear troni this, tliac tiiey are fubjecft to the Church, wlio can JJ^j^^^
Excommunicate them, and confequently Damn them, which is^'^'>/*^
worfe than Death, and whatever other Nations may think ot this
Dodlrine, ( fays he ) I am Jure that it is according to the Conjlitution
of the Scots Monarchy. This Book of "Buchanans was fevcrely ani-
madvcitcd upon, and fully anfwered by Aiam Blackwood, an emi-
nent Lawyer in the Prefidial Court at Poitiers, as the Reader will
find in that Author's Life.

Our Author's next Performance; was his celebrated Hiftory of
die Scots Nation, which he dedicated to his Pupil the young Prince,
as he did likewife his Book, de Jure iJf^«/, and indeed his Hiflory.nd'Book''Z
Teems to be written upon no other Defign, but to fupport the Prin-^o'nd.mn"!!
ciples that he had laid down in that rebellious Book, and for wliich p|;,i*^,M,
both of them were afterwards condemn'd by k€t of Parliament.
This Hiftory contains the Reigns of an hundred and eight
Kings, from Fergus the L to King James the VI. commencing
from tlie 330 Year before the Birth of Chrift, till the Year 1581,
in which he ends. Here we have the Tranfadlions of the Affairs
of Scotland for one thoufand and nine hundred Years. It confifts
of 20 Books wrote in a Stile of Latine little inferior to any of the
Ancients, in the firft three Books, he treats at length of the ancient
Names given to Great-Britain, gives a Geographical Defcription
of Scotland., an Account of fome ancient Cuftoms amongft the Scots.,
of tile firft Inhabitants of Britain, die Manner of peopling it, , a
Defence of our Antiquity, and firft Settlement, againft Humphry
Llujd and other Engltjh Writers. All the other Books contain the
Lives and Tranfadlions of the feveral Kings that he mentions, of
wiiich we have given already an Account in the fecond Volume of
tliis Work ; and by the whole Tracft of this Hiftory, one will find
as we have faid, that he wrote it only to juftify all the Rebellions
diat had been raifed againft the Royal Family, upon the Principles
which he lays down in his Book de fure Regni : But above all, he
feems to iiave had a fpecial Eye to juftify the Meafures that were
taken againft his Royal Miftrifs and Benefaiflor Queen cy]<fary, in
which his beloved Pupil, her Baftard Brother the Earl of Murray,
had die grcatcft Hand.

This Hiftory was no fooner publiflied, but As we have faid, it
was condemned, and he was cited by the Lords of the Privy Coun-
cil to appear before them, but he died betwixt the Day of his Ci-
tation and Compearance. Befides Buchanans Works which we have AnAceoom
already fpoke of, he publiflied an Admonition to die true Lords, voikV"
printed by Lyprivick at Stirling, in 1571, which is a bloody Satyr
againft the Family of Hamilton, wrote in tiie old Scots Language.
Sir Robert S-^bbald in his Commentary upon our Author's Life prin-
ted at Edinburgh in 1701, lias publiflied a Poem under his Name,
againft the Cardinal oi Lorrain, which he had from die learned
Dodtor Jamejon. Mr. Oliphant has publiflied another Poem from
the Cotton Library, called the Chameliori againft Secretary Lithing-

U u 1 ton

lyi The Life of Mr. GEORGE BUCHANAN. Vol. ///.

"j:^;/^ ton. The fame Gentleman has likewife piiblifhcd fomc of our Au-
'^'^ thor's Letters to his Friends, and their AnCwers to him, all which,
U'itli (cvcral others that were never before publifhed, arc to be foiiiid
in that moll beautiful and correcft Edition of liuchanan\ Works,
printed by Mr. freekiirn in two Volumes in Folio, at EJnihnr^l)
1714. And molt acurately compared with the various Editions and
Manufcripts, hy Thomns Ruddiman Keeper of the Lawvers Lil>rary,
wliofe Knowledge in the Belles Lettres, has defcrvcdly gaiiied him
the Efteem and Reputation of one furticicntly qualify 'd for fiich an
Undertakiii'^. It is true, that in this Edition we have not his De-
tcdion, nor fomc other Writings under his Name, fuch as the
Notes upon Virgil^ which are in the Library of the College of
Ed'nibttrgh, the Life of Queen Mary in the oW Scots Language,
which is nothing but tlie Detedlion, tranflated by one who has not
been very well verfcd in the Latin, the Meaning of which he very of-
ten millakes ; (o that confidering that none of thefe were worthy of
committing to the Prefs, die Republick is at no great Lofs by them,
and now I fhall proceed to give an Account of his Death and Cha-
rader amongft the Learned.
HisDe.th He died iiiZ Edinburgh upon die 5th Day o^ December 1581, in
"jier. ' the 76 Year of his Age. I was told by the right Honourable the Earl
o( Cromarty, who died in the 8 j Year of his Age, who had it from
iiis Grandfather the Lord Invertyle, one of Mr. Buchanans Scholars,
being brought up with the young Prince King James the VI, thac
when Buchanan was dying, lie called for Mr. Toung his Servant, and
asked him how much Money he had of his, and finding that it
was not fufh'cient for defraying die Charges of his Burial, he com-
manded him to diftribute it amongfl: the Poor. Upon which Mr.
Tonng asking, who then would be at the Charges of burying him ?
He anfwered, That he was very indifferent about that, for it he
was once dead, if they would not bury him, they might let him
lye where he was, or throw his Corps where they plea/cd, and that:
accordingly the City of Edinburgh was obliged to bury him upon
their own Expenfes.

Cambden fays (a), fpeaking of the Murder of King Henry., " Thac
*' a Rumour was forthwith fpred over all Britain, laying the Fadt
*' and Fault upon (^Morton, Murray and other Confederates, they
" infulting over the weak Sex of the Queen, laid it upon her. What
" George Buchanan hath written hereof, both in his Hiftory, and in
" a little Book entituled the Dete(^fon, there is no Man but know-
" eth by the Books thcmfelves printed : But for as much as he be-
" ing tranfported with partial Affecflion, and with Murray's Bounty,
" wrote in fuch Sort, that his Books have been condemn'd of Fal-
<' fhood, by the Eflates of the Realm o( Scotland, to whom more
" Credit is to be attributed, and fince he hinifelf, fighing and for-
*' rowing fundiy Times, blamed himfelf as (I have heard) before
«' the King, to whom he was Schoolmafler, for that he had em-

ploy'd

C4) hog. Fol. hi, ui Ano. of CL l^l'^i i!ook i. I>ig. 8S.

Vol. Ill The Life ^/ Mr. GEORGE BUCHANAN. i7j

« ploy'd his Tell fo virulently againft that well defeiving Queen, f;^^
" and upon his Death-bed, wiflied that he might live fo long, till '•^"^/^
" by lecallinf^ the Truth, he might, even u-ithliis Blood, wipe away
" tliofe Afperfions which he had by his bad Tongue un)ul>ly calt
" upon her : But that ( as lie faid ) it would now be in Vain, (mce
" he mi'^lit feem to dote for Age, fo far Cambdcn ". And the late
learned ^nd reverend Mr. Sage', in a Letter to the much honoured
Mi: JnhiUd Gmplcl {a), dated 17th oWdoher 1709, confirm^
this Story of Camhdcris, of Bt4ckrnans repenting, for he fays,
" Tiiat about 18 Years ago I had Occafion at Dnimnjond o^ Inner-
" wy's Houfe in Strathcrn ; to be in Converfation with an ancient
" Lady ( the Lady Rafyth in Fife ) a Woman of very bright Parts,
" and of very ^oo'd Principles, flie was a Daughter of the Houfe of
" BHchiWcm. In the Progrefs of our Difcourfc, we came to talk of
" the famous Mr. George' Buchanan, I told that I had not long be-
" fore read over Famianus Stradas Book, de Bello Belgico, and had
" found in it I think ( ad Jnnum 1586) an Account of Mr. Bucha-
" n.ins Confedlon when on his Death-Bed, that he had been moft
" injurious in Papers publifhed by him to Alary Queen of Scotf,
" wilhint; earneftly that God would allow him time and Strength
" before^he died, to do her Juftice. I added, this Account was
" new to me ( for 1 had not then feen CamUens EliZjaheth ) and
" that 1 was afraid Strada was partial, having many other Things
" in his Book too like Romance, and that therefore I was not for-
" ward to believe him in that Matter. The Lady forthwith defired
" me to take her Word for it, that it was a certain Truth, for fhe
" rcmembred nothing better, than that in her younger Years flie had
" oftner than once heard a very aged Man called Da^id 'Buchanan;
" who was maintain'd in her Father's Family, affirm, that he was
" prefent in Mr. Buchanans Bed-Chamber, and an Ear Witnefs ro
« that Confellion wlien he made it ; this fo far as my Memory
« ferves me, is tlic Subftance of what I learned from that Lady at
" that- Time '. It made the deeper ImprefHon on me, when I re-
« fleVted on the Time of Mr. 'Buchanans Death, which was in Sep^
« tcnibcr i 581, at which Time David Buchanan mipht have been
" very capable to confider what Mr. George faid, tl\o he hadafter-
« ward lived to the Year 1650 or idjd, and about that Time the
" Lady was capable to have received it from him ".

M. Le Clerk (/»), a Man of Buchanans own Principles, and one
of his areat Admirers, is at a great deal of Pains to prove that this
Stoxy o^ Buchanans repenting for what he had faid againft Queen
Mary is falfe ; but fincc all liis Arguments are founded upon meer
Comedtures and wrong Accounts of Matters of Facfl, I fhall not
trouble the Reader with them.

Some of the Writers of the Romijh Church fay (c)y Thsit Bucha-
nan died an Atheift, and that when the Minifters came to fee him

X X upoiT

Buch.

( J ) S4« Ml. S.».i Lift, Wj. JO. (h) B'b. Cbo.a. VoL I. je.g. 141. CO D'O. »»''»• * ^rit. par M. Ba^U ia

174 Tw Lijc oj A>. CLOKCE BUCHANAN. Vol. Hi.

v-V*K(

aV?^. upon his Dcach-13ed, they found hini rcadini; /V/«ys inicuial Hillo-
.^^. ^^^ whereupon they exhorted him rathei to Ipend the (mall. Time
he had to live, in reading the (acred Scriptiues; upon which he
told them, Thnt he found more Trnth in one Page of that Tiook, than
in all their Scriptures. huA Maxunilian J^/A/./^i/ij a Jc(uite cells
us, That when they dedred him to repeat the Lord's I'rayer, altho'
he M'as nowavs delirious at that Time, yet with a loud Voice lie be-
gun the (irll lileny ot" Properties.

Cynthia prima fnis niijcrum mc ccpit occUis
Contadnm nullts ante cupidinibiis.

And that he told them, that for 40 Years he had no other Lord's
Praver, and (liowiivj; them a Piece ot Wine that he had by his l)cd-
(ide, he (aid that he hoped, that that generous Liquour would make
him have a quiet and peaceable Death, (b (ays he, " Tiiis proud
" and infatuated Grammarian ftupidly died in his Cups, whofc
" Soul having; quit the Tavern ot" his Body, went to the oppoiite
" Point ot" the Heavens, through the various Regions ot the lower
•' World to its detbrved Place ". Much to the (ame Purpofe is that
ot" Father Gcrajfa another Je("uit ( a\ who fays, " That he was an
" impious, ielf conceited, fadious and drunken Grammarian, and
• " tluit he died of an Hvdropfy, caufed by his excellive drinking;
" and that when the King's Piiydcians were fent to him, they found
" him in his Cups, and havin«j; told him, tiiat unle(s he abftained
*' from drinking he could live but a (ew Days, he asked them how
" lonn, he might live if he ablUin'd ? Tliey told him fix Years, If
" that bcall,'(avs he, I would not want the Pleafure of one Day's
" drinking for all the Time that you have promded to prolong my
Life ". But feveral other Writers of the Romifh Church have been
much more tavourable to him. For.

The learned Thuan fays ( ^ ), " That Buchanan being old, bc-
" gan to write the Hiftory of his Country, and alcho' according
"to die Genius of thofe of his Nation, he ofccnrimes inveighs
" a2,ain(l crowned Heads, yet that Work is written with fo much
« Purity, Wit and Difcernment, that it does not appear as the Pro-
" duction of a Man that pad all his Days in the Duil of the
" School, but as a Miniflfer of State, fo true it is, that the Lownefs
" of his Condition and Fortune was not capable to hinder his great
" Spirit from penetrating into the moll hidden Tilings, and writing
" with Prudence and Judgment ; and I remember that Peter Rorh^
" [ard, who v/as a Man extremely Judicious, when he (poke of
" Buchanan, ^Adrian Turnehusy Anthonj Govea and Muretus, who
" were all of them his intimate Friends, he uied to fay, .that thefb
«' great Perfons had nothing of the Pedant in them, but the Bonne?-
« and the Gown ; although he believed that die Employment of a
« School-mafter imprinted upon the Minds of the moft of that Pro-
« f^Hion a Charafter of Pedantry and Impertinency, that all t'leir

Care

(«) M. B.yU ubl tup. C*) Thiun >J An. ijSi. Lib. )«.

Vol.111. The Ltje of Mr. GEORGE BUCHANAN. ij^

" Care was not able to efface". Father Rtipin a Jefuite confidcrs^v-^
him as an Hiftorian and a Poet ; as an Hiflorian, in liis Rcflcdl:ions^>^/~
upon Hiftory he fays (a), " That he is too Icrvile an Imitator of
" "Titus Li'ViHS, wliom he had often read over before lie liad put
" I'en to Paper ; that he has robbed from tlie Ancients all that lie
" has u;ood in liim ; that he writes good Senfe, but has little Elcva-
" tion'"in his Sentiments j that his long Citations in the Third Book
" do not plcafe more than his long Account of the Nation of
" which he ("peaks in the Second. As a Poet, he fays (/>), " One of
*• the greatcfl: Ornaments of Poefy, confifting in the Numbers and
" Cadency of the Verfes, and Buchanan, who othcrwifc had a great
" deal oi Spirit and Imagination, not being fenfible of this Agrce-
" mcnt, or having negleded it, he is at a "reat Lofs by it ; For,
" perhaps (fays he) this Perfecftion was only wanting to make him
*' an accompiifhcd Poet. And in another Place of tlic fame Book
" he fays, That he has Odes worthy of Antiquity, but that they arc
" all not alike: For Buchanan has aCharader compofcd of many
" Charadcrs, he has a delicate Wit, and is very natural, but has
" very little Elevation and Greatnefs of Thougiit ; his Jcphthes and
" John Baptijl- having nothing confiderable in them, but the Purity
" of the Language in which they are wrote. But Father Vavaj-
Jeur (c) anotiier Jefuite, gives a more favourable Account of his
Poetry ; for he fays> " That of all diofe that have wrote in Latin,
"he Knows of none beyond Buchiman, or who was fo great a Ma-
" fter of his Ideas, and who foeafily made his Stile and ExprefTions
" fubfervient to his Thoughts and Defigns.

Mr. Balz^ac cenfures Buchanan for making the Furies come in,'
in his Baptifies : " Is it not a fine Thing, fays he (d), that a Jew
" fliould dogmatize upon a Religion that he is a Stranger to, and
*' that immediately after a long Conference with St. John, he fhould
" Ycnt upon the Theatre a deal of idle Fables, as if he had been
" convcr/Ing with a Grecian Prieft.

T)a'vid Chalmers Lord Orwond, who was cotemporary with him,
■and knew him very well, fays (c), " That in the Reign of King
" James V., Buchanan, and feveral odiers with iiim were apprehcn-
"" ded taking the Jewtp) Paflbver in the Time oi Lent, in Derifion
*' of the Chriflian Religion ; for which fome of them were burnt,
*' but tiiat he made his Efcape, and fled over to France.

Mr. Patin was fo great an Admirer oi Buchanan, that he had
the mofl of all iiis Poenis by heart ; and he fays, " That in his Opi-
" nion Vtrgtl himfclf did not exceed him (/). But it requires many
Centuries to produce fuch a Poet as F/rf/7 was. And M. c^enag£
fays {g), '' Tliat he was the bed Poet of his Age, [and diat tho' all
" <il Ills Verges be excellent in dicir kind, yet there were fome of
" them that he took'a particular Pleafiuciu repeating oftheiji} *s
" for that where he fpeaks of his Miftris.

■ X X 2 ilia

(,; Krri. fill I' Hift. (It) KrHi-a, fur l> Pott, (f Arlft, (0 R«mifi,. Aion. tOiKh. U* Rrf- to' '< I^f- O DilTfr, for
n. loJ. inltiit. fr) Hift. d' f rofTc, tM. (lUm Omcf. 4« Scot. fon. Lb.'4.0f. a. r>g. t^y. (/) U.lt. dt M. P*i«i
l.<.ii. Ml- (4) Mtiugtiiu, 'Ibm. 1.

1-J6 rhe Life of Mr. C\LOKGT. BUCHANAN. Vol. ill.

5;^;;'^ ///.I Mihi fern per prafenti Jura Ne^ra,

yy\'^ cyVle, quoties al>fi4m, femper a'oejje doUt.

Isfofi dcfiderio mjlri, non mceret aniore,
Sed fe non nojiro pojje dolore frtti-

And tliefc aie the Chara(ftcrs given liini by fome of the Wrircrs
of the RowiJ]) rcifiialuMi : We fhall now give an Account of ilic
Chaiadeis t^ivcn him by fevcral learned Proreftants.

Bifhop Burnet ("avs (rt), " That in his Writings there appears not
" only all the Beauty and Graces of the Latin Tongue, but a Vigor
" of Mind, and (^uickncfs of Thought beyond Bewl/o, or the otlier
" Jtidi^ins, who at that Time aflfcdted to revive rhe Purity of the
*' Roniiin Stile, it was but a feeble Imitation of Tw/Zy in them ; but
" his Stile is (o natural and nervous, and his Reflections on Things
*' are fo folid (bcfides his immortal Poems, in which he fhows how
" well he could imitate all the Roman Poets in their feveral Sorts of
♦' Writings, that he who compares them, will be often tempted to
" prefer the Copy to the Original) that he is juftiy reckoned the
•' grcatefl and bcft of our modern Authors.

Arch-Bifhop Spotfzcood fays (l^), " That in his old Age he applied
" himfelf to write the Scots Hiftory, which he renewed with fucli
" Judgment and Eloquence, as no Country can fhow a better j only in
" this he is juflly blamed, that he fided with the Fa(ftions of the Time,
*' and to juftify the Proceedings of the Noblemen againft the Queen,
" he went fo far in depreillng the Royal Authority of Princes, and
" allowing their Controlment by Subjecfls, his Bitternefs alfo in
*' writing of the Qiieen, and of the Times all wife Men have dif-
" liked ; but otherwife no Man hath merited better of his Country
*' for Learning, nor thereby did bring to it more Glory. He was
*' buried in the common Burial-Place, tho' worthy to have been laid
" in Marble, and to have had fome Statue ereded to his Memo-
*' ry ; but fuch pompous Monuments in his Life he was wont to
*' fcorn and defpife, efteeming it a greater Credit, as it was faid of
*' the Roman Cato, to have it asked why doth he lack a Statue,
*' than to have had one, tho never fo glorious, ereded ".

The Bifhop of Carlijle fays (c) " Thar his Book de Jure Regni,
*' and his Hiftory was condemned by K€t of Parliament (d). And
*' it's obferved tliat this pafs'd in the very firfl Parliament after the
" Dialogue was printed (fj, but fome Years before, it was put by the
" Author in his Pupil's Hands, 'vizj. 1 579. When he defcribes any
" barbarous Afl'afination or Murder of any King, he does it with fuch
" an Air of Satisfadion and Pleafure, as fhows that he delighted to
" dwell on the Subjedl, and that the Head of a flaughtered Monarch
" was to him what he too often fays it was to the People, Gratum
" Speilaculum. He laughs at the pretended .Miracles of devote
" Times, and yet upon tlie Occafion of Henrys Murder, he gravely
" furnifhes us with a couple of as plump ones, as ever any Legend

afforded

(«) Hift. of the Ketor. (4, Bnok 6. I'lg. 31J, (0 Stott Hill. Lib. (<<) P*tl. 8. J»cob. 6, Ao. 1584. Qhtg. )34- CO Sil
Gtorge Mackcntic Jui Regium, P>g. %•

Vol. III. r/;^ /.//f o/" Mr. GEORGE BUCHANAN. 177

*' afiorclcd C<i). And compaiing him with i/70(/a;W, he fays, "TheJ^^f'J^
" DifFeicnce betwixt tlieCe two Hirtorians is pretty confidetable, the^'^'W
" Arch-Bi(hop had Liberty to reprefent Qiicen e^^arys Frailties
" plainlv, and did it modeftly ; and Mr. George, without any Cere-
" mony, treats her with all the Barbarity that his licentious Wit
" Could invent.

Mr. Teijfier fays (^), " That It cannot be denied but Buchanari
" was a Man of admirable Eloquence, of rare Prudence, and of an
" exquifite Judgment ; he has wrote the Hiftory of Scotland with
" fuch Elegancy and Politencfs, that he furpaflesall the Writers of
" his A^e °and he has even equalled the Ancients themfelves, with-
" out excepting either Salufi or Titus Livius : But he is a:ccured by
" fomc of oeing an unfaithful Hiftorian, and to have fhewn in his
" Hiftory an extreme Averfion againft Qiieen a^ary Stewart j buc
" his Mafter-Piece is his Paraphrafe upon the Pfalms, in which he
" outdid the moft famous Poets amongft the French and ItaltanSy
" as Charles Vtenho'Vtus informs us in the following Diftich.

Tres Italos Galli jenos vicere, fed unum

Vtncere Scotigenam non fotuere 'virurn.

The three French were the Chancellor de /' Hopitaly oAdrtan
Turnebm, and Joannes <iAuratus : And the fix Italians were, Sanria-
Zsarius, Fracajloriiti, Flaminio, Vida, Nauger and Cardinal Bemhoy
Perfons fufficiently known in the Republic of Learning for their
admired Performances in the Belles-lettres.

Henry Steph, cited by M.de oAlnjelhoveen rays(c-j, That Buchanan
found in a Bibliothec the Latin Verfion of the Q^edea of Euri-
pides, which he publiflied as his own. Scaliger prefers him to all
the Latin Poets that have written fince the Days of AugujiM (d).
Grotius (f) cenfur^s his Tragedies, as noways anfwering the Rules

of die Theatre. , 1, , „

Mr. fames Crazvford fays (/;, ''Buchanan not only excelled all

" that went before him in his own Country, but fcarce had his equal

" in that learned Age in which he lived : He fpent the firft Flame

" and Ra^e of his Fancy in Poetry, in which he did imitate Vtrgil

*' in Heroicks, Ovid in Elegiacks, Lucretius in Philofophy, Seneca

*' in Tragedies, Martial in Epigrams, Horace and Juvenal in Satyrs;

♦' he copied after thcfe great Mafters fo perfedly, that nothing ever

" approached nearer the Original ; And his immortal Paraphrafe

♦' on the Pfalms does ftiew, that neither the Conftraint of a limited

** Matter, the Darknefs of ExprelTion, nor the frequent Return of

♦' the fame, or the like Phrales could confine or exhauft that vafl

♦' Genius. 'Ai laft in his old Age, when his Thoughts were purify 'd

*' by lon<» Refledtion and Bufincls, and a true Judgment came in the

«' room of one of the richeft Fancies that ever was, he wrote our

" Hiftory with fuch Beauty of Stile, Eafinefs of Expreflion, dnd Ex-

' Y y adtnefs

(-iB«oki8- (t)LUgeid.iHoa.mciS<:...ni,Tom. 1. P.g. 10. (.) fUg. Sjll. in taJtca. f»«' »>• (') Sc.ligu..

lyo The Lije o, yWr. C. l.OKC !•. BUCHANAN. Vol. \\\.

I^^"^^ " adlincfs in all ics Tarts, that no Service or Honour could have been
vv^' " done the Nation like it : Had he ended fo noble a Work as h«
«' bc'^un, and carried it on till V.m<^ James V's Death ; but bein^ un-
"happily engaged in aFacftion and Relentnients working violently
♦' upon him, he (uri'ercd hinifclf to be fo llrangely byalleil, that in
" the Relation he gives of many ot the Tranladtious of his own
" Time, he may rather pafs for a Satynfl; than an Hiftorian.

The learned Sir Robert Gordon ot Straloch has given a long
Chara(fter of our Author, which is to be found in the Life of J)odor
Forbes of Corje ; the Subftance of which is (a)., " That it is not to
" be doubted but Buchanan was an excellent Scholar, and the
*' Prince of Poets, not only for the Age in which lie lived, but
" that many preceeding Ages could not pretend ro fuch another
*' Poet : But for his Hillory, in the three laft Books, he acfts
" the Calumniator, and not the Hiftorian. Then having bla-
" med him for his infipid and fuperficial Defcription of the
" Kingdom, he fays, to the learned he feems to have done
" nothmti, which he attributes to his Ignorance in the Antiquities
" of our Nation, and paffing over innumerable Efcapes and Blun-
" ders of his, he chaltiles him for his Invedives againft King Ken-
" neth^ who reflored and confirnVd the Kingdom to the next Heir
" of tile Royal Familv, tho' under Age, excluding all other Princes
" of the Blood from Accefs to the Throne, and for his running
" down all Female Government in Kingdoms, but fays, when he
" has brought his Hidory down to his own Times, and Affairs being
" then in great Confufion, and the Kingdom miferably embroil'd-
" with Tumults, good God ! how bare facedly does he Side with a
" Party, he is no longer an Hiftorian, but an Advocate for the
" Fadlion, wretchedly perverting the Truth of Fadfts. fb as hardly
" any Thing that is either found or candid is to be met with in him;
*' and all this to get his Patron the Earl of c^yMurray fixt in tiie
'* Height of Power, whom neverthelefs he lived to fee taken ofFthe
" Sta"e by a bloody Death : But even that could not bring his
" faftious Spirit to any Temper, witnefs his notorious Dialogue de
" Jure Regni^ written after he came to a great Age, in whicli for-
" getting fiimfelf, he treats of fuch Matters as require the Pens of
" the beft Divines, and skillfuleft Lawyers, thus from inflru(5fing
" and difcipling Boys, he ftraight commences a States Man, and
" di(5tates new Schemes of Government, but for that he received
" due Corredlion from two mofl: learned Country Men of his own,
" who were alfo eminent Lawyers, Blackwood and 'Barclay, wliofe
" moft learned Books on that Subjedlareftill extant, whoever reads
*' them without Prejudice, muft own that they treated him as he
*' deferved ; for compare exacfkly his Rhapfody de Jure Regni with
" his Hiftory, and you will foon be fatisfy'd that his Treatile de Jh-
•' re Regni is his Scheme of Government, and the Hiftory fo wre-
« fted by him, as it midit beft ferye to confirm and eftablifli liis

H)po-

Vol. 111. The Life of Mr. GEORGE BUCHANAN. lyp

" Hypothefis. The Ad of Parliament in which thefe Books are^;;;^
" piohibiced, declare the Judgment of King James when a Youtli,>-^V^'
" and diat of the Eftates of the Kingdom concerning them, and
" B<r?'Ai)to^ AwjJOK, which was written by the King in the full Maturity
" of his Age, and Judgment will witnefs for him that he did not
" alter his Opinion, but that he was more confirmed in it. My
" Dcfign in taking notice of thefe Things is, not to infult theMa-
" nes of tliat mod famous Man, that indeed were a very great
" Crime, but in Matters of fo great Confequence not to do Juftice
" to Truth, to fuffer it to be run down and opprelTed were heinous
" Impiety ". Sir fames Mehil who was well acquainted with our
Author tells us (a), " That he was a Stoick Philofopher, who looked
" not far before him, a Man of notable Endowments, famous for
*' jiis Learning in other Countries, pleafant in Converfation, rehear-
" fing at all Occafions, Moralities fhort and inftru(ftive, whereof
" he had abundance, inventing where he wanted, he was alfo Reli-
" gious, but eafily abufed, and fo facil, that he was led by every
" Company that he haunted, which made him facffious in his oli
" Days, he fpoke and wrote as thofe that were about him infor-
" med him, for he was become carelefs, following in many Things
" the vulgar Opinion, for he was naturally popular, and extrem-
*' ly revengeful againfl: any Man who had offended him, wliich was
" iiis greateft: Fault, for he did write deceitful Things againfl the
•' Earl of Monteith, for fome particulars that were betwixt him and
" the Laird of Buchanan ; he became the Earl of Mortons great
*' Enemy, for that a Nagg of his chanced to be taken from his
*' Servant during the civil Troubles, and was bought by the Regent
*' who had no will to part with the faid Horfe, becaufe he was fure
" footed and eafy, but becaufe he would not part with him,
" from being the Regent's great Friend, he became his mortal Ene-
" my, and from that Time fortli, fpoke evil of him at all Times,
** and on all Occafions ".

And this feems to be a very jufl Charadler of him from feveral
Things that are related of him by the vulgar, but fince their Autho-
rity it not much to be rely'd upon, I fhall relate here, for confirming •
of this Charader of Sir James ay^^ehiCs, fome Things which I have
heard from the Earl of Cromarty, who had them from his Grand-
Fathcr tlic Lord Invertytc, who ( as we haVe faid ) was Buchanan's
Scholar at the fame Time with King James.

The King one Day having got prefcribed him for his Theme,"
the Hiflory of the Confpiracy at Lauder Bridge in King fames the
J 11. Time, where yirchibald Earl of ^ngus obtain'd the Name of
'Bell the Cat, from his telling them the Fable of fome Rats that
had combin'd againfl a Cat, whom they refolved to felze, and to
tye a Bell about his Neck, to warn them for the future, by the
rin;j;ing of that Bell of their Danger, but as they were going to put
tiicir Pr())e(il in Execution, one of the old Rats asked which of

y y 2, them

(4) Mcinwui r<gf itj.

i8o The Life of Mr. GhOKGE BVCH AN AN. Vol. ff/.

fx-^^^^ which of them would be the firft that would fei/e upon the Ciir '
Crv^ This Qiicdion put them all in a profound Silence, as it (he! Iikc-
wifc the Confpirators, which the had perceiving, told them that
lie would Bell the Cat. The King having J fay got this for his
Theme, as he was diverting himfclf after Dinner with the Maflcr
oi' Erskine, the Earl ot Mar'scldcd Son, Buchanan defircd the
Kin" to hold his Peace, for he diftuibed him in his Reading, the
Kin" takin" no notice of this, he reprov'd him for a fecond Time,
and told. That if he did not hold his Peace, he vjould zvhij> his
'Breech, the King anfwered. That he vjould gladly fee who would Bell
the Cat. Upon this, in a Tallion Buchanan throws the Book from
him, and whips the King feverely, the old Countefsof o^^^rwho
had her Apartment near them, hearing the King cry, run to him,
and takiii" iiim up in her Arms, asked wiiat the Matter was ? The
Kin" told her, that the Mafter (for fo Buchanan was called ) had
\vhipt him, She asked how he durfl put his Hand on the Lord's Anoin-
ted '. To which he made this unmannerly Reply, Madam, J have
zvhipt his jir—, yon may kifs it if you pleafe.

At another Time the Mr. of Ersktne having a tame Sparrow,
th Kin" would needs have the Sparrow from him, and he refufing
to "ive it, they fell a flrugling about it, and in the Scuffle the
Sparrow was killed, upon which the Msidet of Erskine fell a crying,
{Buchanan being informed of the Matter, gave the King a Box on
the Ear, and told him, That what he had done, was like a true Bird
oj the bloody Nefl of whtch he zvas come.

When he was upon his Death-Bed, they told him that the King

was hi"hly incenfed againft him, for writing his Book de "jure

Beqni and iiis Hiftory, he told them, That he was not very much

concerned -about that, for he was Jhortly going to a Place where very

few Ktngs ivere.

M. Menage tells us {a). That one Day at the Marifhal de "Brifac's
Table, having taken a Spoonful! of a Difh which was intolerably
hot, he wiisio furprifed with it, that he made an Efcape, upon
which, without being any ways abaflied, he look'd over his Shoul-
der, and faid, Tou had very good Reajon to make your Efcape, for if
you had fiayd any longer, you had certainly been burnt alive.

Thefe few Stories I have related of him, to fhew the natural
Genius of the Man, for as Plutarch obferyes in the Life of Ale-
xander the great, Sometimes a Word or a cafual Jefi, betrays a
c^an more to our Knowledge of him, than all his other Ailions.
And now I fhall conclude with Sir George a^'-h.enz^ies Characfber of
our eminent Author, who on the one Hand having confidered the
many Beauties and Excellencies of his Wit and Genius, and on
the other, his Ingratitude to his Benefadors, and his fadious and
rebellious Temper (b) fays, That he was the Ornament and Difgrace
of his Country.

Many

(4^ Mciuguoi lorn. 1. fig. 134< C*; J<u B.cgium.

Vol. III. rije Life of Mr. GEORGE BUCHANAN. i8i'

Many Epitaplis and Poems were cornpdfed upon him by the ;;^|^.
mod eminent Wits of his Age, a few of which I fhall infert herCjVV"*'
for, to coUcift them all, would make a large Volume of it felf.

Julius C&far Scaliger ad Georgium Buchananum.

FElix Gcorgi ladece venae Pater,
Qux ditat immenfum mare :
Quid Barbarorum voce fqualentem abfona,

Merifque nugis obfitum,
Inepturientem non ferendis artibus

Audire nicmet poftulas ?
riecflrumne Phocbo temperante, Marfyas

Tentabit idum pollicis ?
Amabilis Tlialia fi faciat modos,

Garrire pica geftiet ?
Te natum ad alta Pegafi cacumina,

Tepente fufceptum finu
Regina (acn magna Caliiope foni

Liquore non noto imbuit,
Dcdicque palmam ferre de tot gentibusj

Latina quot col it cohors,
Puris beata voce relTellis nitor

Perftringit aures Candidas :
Flexuque dudta vena dulcis aureo

Qtiam fuftulit iterat fitim.
O me fuperbum, mole fublatum nova,

Te literatorum Deo
Defideratum abelTe me, ut fcribis, doles,

Quod aliquid effe me putes.
Te te ipfe contemplator, in quo cunda funt,'

Et vota Icnies tua.

Epitaphium Georgi Buchattani pet Jofephum Scaligerum, Julii Ca-
farts Filium.

P

lOftquam laude tua patriam, meritifque bealli,

Buchanancy tuis, Solis utrumque latus.

Contcmptis opibus, fpretis popularibus auris,

Ventofxque fugax ambitionis, obis
Pra:mia quina quater, Pifeae functus olivx,

Et linqucns animi pignora rata tui :
In quibus baud tibi fe ahteferent quos Itala vates

Terra dedit : nee quos Gallia mater alir,
/Equabunt genium felicis carminis, & quae

Orbis liabet famx confcia figna tua:.
Namque ad fupremum, perduifta Poetica culnien

In te flat, nee quo progrediatur habec
Imperii fucrat Romani Scotia Liines,

Jiomani eloquii Scotia finis eric. .

Z z Ej?Kd^

E

1 81 The Ltfe oj Mr. C, h C3 R (, !• B U C HAN AN. Vol. If/.

J;;'^^ Epitaphiiun G. Bncharhiniy qui obiit i)^ Septembris. ijfiz, per
^""V^J Undream JVIehinum.

'Rgo filent magni Buchmani in funcre Miif<e
Nee vatem ^omdtim flee pia turba fuum !
An lecum Tiiichanantis habet mcntem, uncle Camanac,

Devolviint maftos murmura trunca moclos i*
An Tecum Buchananiis liabcc fontem uncle poetx

PJeriis poti colluchrymantur aquis !
j4onio fruftia quarruntur vertice Mufac

Ciflalio fruftra e fonte petuntur aquae.
Pro monte eft calum, pro fonte eft Cliriftus, utrumque

Et Cliriftus et coelum nunc 'Buchananus habet.
Haufirti liinc facros latices Divine Poeta

Fudifti liinc fummo carniina digna Deo.
Hauriat liinc, quifquis Buchanam in funere mceret;

Ut vatum fundat carmina digna Deo.

In C Buchananum The odor i BcZjA Carmen.

AUdieram Gottos, & quos Septentrio quondam
Barbarus immanes ultricem in numinis iram
Ertudit populos, fceleratae moenia RomA
Et quxcunque prius fpoliato ex orbe facrarant
Imperii faftufque fui nionumenta Qiiirites
Confumenda rogo : ut quae olim faftigia coelis
Intulerar, (eptem attollens in nubila montes,
Nunc proftrata fuis celebretur Roma ruinis.

At non ingenium folers, linguamque difcrtam.
iEternis quibus ilia opibus tot fecula felix
Roma^ olim cun(ftas inter caput extulit urbes,
H^ec inquam reliquis longe ante ferenda trophaeis
Non equidem audieram, Gottofve aliafve feroces
Qiias procul oceanus gentes glacialis inundat
Nofcere, miiari nedum potuifte, rapaces
Barbarus ut praeda: iftius dulcedine captus
Injiceret Mufis ungues, quas deinde rigenti
Captivas fic diligeret, coleretque Tub arcfto
Ut medias inter glacies Boreseque fonori
Pedora nata gelu, Mufarum ardore calerent.
Attamen hoc fatflum fi quis dubitaverit, idem
Vel medio lucere die Tirana negarit,
Vel te virtutefque tuas ignorat ineptus,
Aonidum immortale decus, Buchanane, fororum.
Namque tibi extreme prope nato ad littora Thules^
Os tenerum Aonides nc formavere puellae,
Sic Graio pariter melle illevere labella,
Pedlora Romano fic implevere fonore,
Ut te, Roma, licet Scotornm ad littora natura,

/Equo-

V

I

Vol. 111. n^e Ltfe of Mr. GEORGE BUCHANAN. 185

i'Equoreas inter cautes atquc Iiorrida cetc kH^}^.

Tanquam urbein media, civem fibi vindicet ortutn. v>n;*v

Inde aurem magni te Mantua clara Maronis
Jiirec ftirpe fatum, at contra Verona Catulli
Aflerat hinc Venufinus, & liinc Pelignus &: inde
Corduba te repetat, repetat quoque Billjiiis inde

At vatem interea BHchananum Scotia jadtes.
Una tuum, felix tantis natalibus una
Macfle quoque in2;enii tanta virtute, Georgi
Sternum, & Latti fpoliis ornatus opimis
Invidiaque omni major "Buchanane triumpha.

Nee minus celebre Encomium de eo eft apud Stephanum Pafcha-
Jium in Jconihus.

'Irgiliis, Placets., Najonibus atque Catullis
Hifne ego fi tantis vatibus inferior ?
In genere unicuique fuo concedo ; fed in me
CoUige cundta fimul, plus ego promcrui.

Idem alio Epigrammate
'N te uno quod fint multi, Buchanane, Marones,
Ac dederant talem fsecula nulla virum
Hoc de te primo coelum fpondebat ab ortu,

Nomine fubque tuo nomen & omen crat.
Nam canere eft vatum, vatum tuba, buccina, bucca

Et canis annis nobilitatur opus.
Haec tua funt Buchanane, tuoque in nomine cunfta
Canus & oAnntis, item Buccina, Bucca, Cam.
I fhall conclude with Mr. ^ohn ^damjons Poem upon his
being buried in the Gray Friars, without a Monument or Tomb
efe<5led to his Memory.

'Armoreae cur ftant hie omni ex parte columnar,
Signaque ab Artificum dacdala fada manu
Ut {pedent oculis monumenta infignia vivi

Per quae defuncftis concilietur nonos
Talia nonne etiam debet Buchananus habere

Dodius aut melius, quo nihil orbis habet .'
Gloriolas vivus qui contemnebat inanes ;

An cupiat Divus fe decorent lapides ?
Illis fas, pulchro nomen debere fepulchro

Qui nil quo melius nobilitentur habent
Per te olim teilus eft nobilitata Britanna,

Et decus cs tumulo jam, Buchanane, tuo.

The learned Sir Robert Sibbald, in iiis Commentary upon Bucha-
nans Life writ by himfelf, has coUeifted a ereat many more Elogi-
ums, whicli I refer the Reader to, and Ihall now give the Catalogue
of his Works, and their various Editions.

Zzi THE

M

J 84

'^^^ The Catalogue of his Works.

R^

■cf

Emm Scoticarum Hijloria flpud AlexaiicJriim Arbuthnctiim,
,^^ l-dinburgi i 581. in folio Cencvx dd exemplar Alex. Ar-
buchncti 158?. /« Folio. Fraiicofiiiti ^^ Mdiuini 1594. "' ^'^''•
Lii"diini Batavorum ad efcemplar Alex. Arbuthneti i6\T,. in
8au Ultiajcdti apud Pctrum lilzevirium, 1688. />; 8^'(?. Jifidem
1697. m 8-^0. Edinburc^i e 7 jpo^mphxo Gcor^ii Mofm^n 1700.

in ii'mo.
II. Ffiibmriim Davidis paraphrajis poetica apud Henricum Stepha-
jium Typo^mphum regium tn S-z^o- Par. anno von adje^lo, i^
apnd Hcniiciim Stephanum in ilmo i$66, cum fephthc Tra-
gadia, cum Jephthe Antu'erpix ex ojfcina Chrifl;. Plaiicini, i $66.
tn ilmo. cum PJalmis aliquot in vcrjus CrAcos tranjlatis, Ar-
centorati excudebat Jos. Richelius 1566. in ilmo. cum Jephthe
Lutetia; ex ojHctna Roberti Stephani 1575. in iimo. cwft orna-
mentis marginalihus ^ argumentis Antonii Flumiiii in Jingii-
los Pfcilmos y\i|^enorati, 1571. ;« 8i;o. cum Jephthe Lutetix ex
offcina Robert! Stephani 1580. /« ilmo. cum Jephthe, excude-
/((ir Thomas VoutroUerius, Lond. 1580. in iimo. cum Bezce
Pjiih?jcrum par^rphrafi ^ Jephthe, Morgiis, excudebat ]o^x\
l,e Pieux illu^. dominorumT:>ernenf]umTjpo^raphiis 1581. 'S'vo.
cum argumentis ^ melodijs N. Chytra:i, ejufdemque Colleiiancis
Hcibornx Nallbviorum 1590, in ilmo. cum Jephthe^ Bap-
tijle Typis \ACoh\ Stoer. 1591 in ilmo. cum Bezo; TJalmorura
taraphrafi (3' Jephthe (S) B^ptijle Genevx apud Francifciini
Raphelciigium, 1595- in ilmo. cum Argumentis (f Melodiis
N. Chytra;i, ejujdemcjue Colie(^faneis Herb. Nanbviorum 1600:
in limo. cum Jephthe, ex ojjicina Plantiiiiana Raphelengii,
1(503- in limo. cum Jephthe ^ BaptiJIe, ex ojjicina Plant. Ra-
phelengii 1(509.140. cum jephthe ^BaptiJIe, Jltwptibus Hen-
na Laurentii i<5i8. in ilmo. cum jirgiimentis Melodiis ^
Colle^faneis N. Cliytraci, Herb. NaiT. 161Q. in ilmo. cum Ec-
phrafi Alexandri Julii Lond. apud Geo. Eld. 1610. in 8'va cum
jephthe ^ Baptijie Edinburgi apud And. Hart 1611 in ilmo.
cum Jephthe & Bapttjie Lug. Bat. typis Ifaaci Elzevirii, jurati
Academic n~ypographi, Jumptibus Henrici Laurentii 1611. ^
I imo. cum Jephthe ^ Baptifte Edinburgi, apud Gid. Lithgo.
1660. in S'L'O- cum Jephthe d" Baptijie Edinburgi, apud Geor-
giuni Mofman, 1(594. in ilmo. cum Ecphraf Alexandri Julii,
Edinburgi.

III. T>e Jure Regni, apud Scotos, 'Dialogus Ediiii apud Joannem

Rofl'xum, pro Henrico Charteris 1 579. in i\to. Ibidem 1 580 in
a^to. Item, cum pr&cedentibus Editionivus Hifl. Scot, pic&ter pri-
mam Alexandri Arbuthneti.

IV. Pfalmus CIV. cum jndicio Gulielmi Barclaii de certamine Geo.

Eglifhemii cum Buchanano pro dignitate paraphrajeos ejus Tfal-
w«, Loi-iini rt|f«^Georgium Eld. i(5zo. V. Pfalmus

Vol. III. Tk Lz/f 0/ Mr. GEORGE BUCHANAN. ij^j

V. Ptalnms CIK cum mdicio Barclaiij Edinburei, ctpud hdredes An-:^>'''^^

drco; Andeifon 1690 tn iSvo. v^^/*j

VI. PJalmus CXX. cum AnaUfi organica Joan, Jacobi Beureri (S

aliis (lUorum ejusdem Pjalmi paraphrapbus Bafileajj^fr Sebaftia-
num Henrici Petri, 15(59. in 8vo.

VII. Bcptifies five Calumnia Francofurti ^/^w^ Andream Wechelum,
1578, in 8vo.

VIII. oAlceJlisTragcediaLviicnx apud M\c\\-Y9.i{oCm\xn\ 1557, *^
4to. ,

IX. Tragixdia facKA 0 extern apud Petrum Sancft. Andreanum, in

8vo.

X. De Ciileto nccpto Carmen, (ipt4d Rohett. Stephanum, 1558, in

8vo.

XI. Irancijcanus ^ Fratrei, qui bus accejjerunt ijaria ejujdem ^ alio-

rum Poemata, BaHIea: I J6S, in 8vo.

XII. Friwcijcanus, EUgi£,Syl'va, Hendecafyllabi, JsLtnh'i, ^ Epigram'
mcita dpiid Hcnr. Scephanum I5<59, in 8vo.

XIII. Elegit, SylvAy Hcndccnfylldbi, ($" BapttJ^es, Luteilx apud Ma-
mertum Patijjonittm Typographum Regium, in officina Hob. Ste-
phani I57<5, in rimo.

XIV. Dc Sphxra Libri quinque cum commentflriis, fupplementis ©*
(irgumcntis Adami Regii, Scoti MS. in Bibliotheca Academic
Edinburgcnx cum Jupplementis ]oa.n Pincieri, Herbornct, ex of-
Jicina Chriftophori Corvini i<5o7, ^^ ^^°-

XV. Francifcanusi ElepA, et Libri de Sph^ra, An. 1 594, in 8vo.
XVJ. Francifcanus, Elegit., Sylvx, Libri de Sphxra ^ TragcediA

JiicrA o Extern i partibus in Bibliopolio Commeliniano 1609,
in 8vo.
XYU. Poemata omnia {prAter Medeam ^ Alcejlin ) Edinburgi,
apud And. Hart. 161 4. 1410. cum Medea ^ Alcejlide apud
Abr. Elzevirium 1511, in i4to. ex ofjicina Elzeviriana 1618,
/>; 24to. Aniftelodami /7/7W Joannem Janfonium 164O, 1410.
Amftel. apud Wafsbergium 1(565, if^ i^to. Amftel. apud Dan.
Elzevirium i6'j6, initio. Edinburgi ^^«^ Joan. Cairns 1577,
in iimo. Londini apud B. Griffin i(58<5. Amflel. apud Henri-
cum Wctftcnium 1687, "^2,410.

XVIII. Satyr a in Cardinalem Lot\\a.nno\um(um aliis ejus, (^ aliorum
carmintbus apud Ifraelcm Taurinum 1 590, in 8vo.

XIX. Rudimcnta Grammatices Thoma: Linacri, ex Anglico Sermone
in Latinum verfA, Lutctiae ex ojjicina Rob. Steptiani 154(5, in
8vo. Jbidemi'y'yQ, in%wo.

XX. An Admonition to the true Lords, by Lyprivick^r Stirling 1571,
in 4to.

XXI. De Profodia Edin. i66y, in 8vo.
XXIf. ChameUon i ^yi, and Lond. lyo^.

XXlll Ad yiros Jui feculi clariffimos eorumque ad eundem Epijio^*
tx MSS. accurate defcript/i Londini lyil in$v(j.

A a a XXIV. B^dm

i8(5 The Ufe o/M-. ALEXANDER ARBUTffNHT, Vol. \\\.

'r/^^' XXIV. E^ifi'" Epi/loU cHm atns nonnullis nondiim edttts MSS. auto-
\/\^ ffrap'j e Bib. jurtd. F.clinb.

XXV. Litters. RegmA Scotiae ad Comitem Bothwelix Jcrtpti. 1 5-72,

in 8vo.
XXVI- A Deteiiion of the Doings of Mary QjAcen of Scots, and of
James Earl of Bocliwcll, agatnfl Henry Lord Dariily, 1 5-72,
tn 8vo.

XXVII. Vita ab ipfo frripta biennio ante mortem, cum Comment ario,
2). Robert! ijibbuldi c^. D-^ E(\mtis amati Ldin. 1702. m
8vo.

XXVIII. The Life of Qjieen Mary, in the black Letter^ without the
Year, or Place ot the Impreffiion.

XXIX. Omnia Biichanani opera hadenm ennmerata in unum colleifa
^ cum MSS. Cod. ^ (^ntiq. Edit, comparata, cnra Robert!
Fr!barn!!, Typog. Reg. Edin. 1704, in i Vol. in folio.

THE

The LIFE of Mr. ALEXANDER
ARBUTHNET, Principal of the
King's College oi Aberdeen.

Mupaftn. #" Hy 'XHIS Gentleman was a Brother of the Baron of
lnd'E<h.'«- H cydrLuthneCsy in the County or Shire of the

■"°- H Merns {a)., a very ancient and noble Family,

B for Sir George Mackenz^te tells us (/<), that they

^fll^ had their Hrft Rife from a Gentleman, who came

from the South, and married one of the Daui^hters ot Olofard or
Olyphant, Sheriff of the z^Jerns, with whom lie. got the Lands of
yirbutbnet, from whence they have their Sirname, and he (ays,
that he had feen a Charter granted by the Abbot and Convent of
JCelfo in 1 178, to Reginald, then eleded to be Abbot of Arbrotby
freeing him from his Obedience and Sub)e(5fion to Kelfo, and
amongft the Witnefles, !s mentioned Richardus de ^rbttthnet, Clc'
ricus Regis \ fince which Time, they have jiad feveral Honours
conferred upon them, and about the Year i6\i, King Charles I.
made them Vifcounts of ylrbuthnet {c). Our Author was Born in
the Year 1538, he had his Education at fhe Univerfity o^ Aberdeen.,
»v"'.r' where, after he had finifhed the Courfe of his Scudies in the BeUes-
^Cch^au-Lettres and Philofophy, he was fent over to France by his Parents,
" ' " where he ftudied the Laws for five Years, under the famous Cuja-
ctusy and being licentiat in the Laws, he returned to Scotland in

the

nan.

over

dies the
Lawt.

■(«) See ihe Ai'penJi" ■" Sp-ilwooa's Hilloiy, Pig« 14. Uj MS. Gcntilogy o» ScoiUnJ. (.J i.t Jiine» U^lrymfle'*
Ed. or Cimb. Defc. of Scot Pige 15<.

Vol- ni. Principal of the Kings College of Aberdeen. i {^y

tlic Year 1 562 : Upon his Arrival, finding the Reformation prcvai- ;y^^
ling, he declared himfelf for the Reformers, and was very inftru- 'vX^
me'iital for carrying on the Work of the Reformation, and tlie
Reformers prevail'd with him to apply himfelf to Theology, and
to enter into Orders, but what fort of Ordination he got f cannot
learn, but I find liim a Member of the General An'cmbly in the Boti.m.d,
Year i ^6%, and Thomas Ba\]andcn Printer in Edinburgh, havinc \XZ^^L
printed a Book, entitled, TIjc Fall of the Romifh Churck wherein rjAff,*;");
die King is called the Head of the Churcli, and a Plalm Book
wit!-, a baudy Song at the end of it, tlie Ad'embly ordained that (.1)
Printer, to call in all thefe Books, and to fell no more of them,
till fuch Time as he change the Title of the one, and expunge the
baudy Song out of the other, and that in all Time coming, he
print not without the Licenfe of the Supreme Magiflrat, and their
revifing fucli Books as he (hall print concerning Religion, and that
particularly tlie Book concerning the Fall of the Church of Rome,
Ihould be revifed by -Mr. ^Alexander aArbuthnet, and about this
Time, 1 find him defigned Parfon o( ^rbuthnet, and Logy-Buchan.

Mr. John Erskine Superintendant of u<fngus, having got a Com-
miflion from the Council and the General AfTembly conveened at
Edinburgh in the Month of July 1 568, for vifiting the Kind's Col-
lege at old Aberdeen, tlie Superintendant went thither in the'Month
ot June i$6(), and having called the Mafters of the faid College
before them, and thev having refufed, after two Days Conference
with them, to fubfcribe the Confeflion of Faith, the following Sen-
tence was pronounced againft them [b). ^

" I John Erskine Superintendant of ^ngus, Principal of the
" Kings College at Aberdeen and cMernis, having Commifl^on of
" the Churcli, to vifit the Siieriffdooms of Aberdeen and Banif by
« the Advice, Counfel and Confcnt of the Minifters and Hidets
*' and Commiifioners of the Church prcfent," decern, conclude and
« for final Sentence, pronounce, that Mr. Alexander oAnderfon
" fometimes Principal, Mr. Andrew Gallozuay (bmetimes Subprinci-
« pal, Mr. Andrevj Anderfon, Mr. Thomas Aujlin and Mr. Duncan
" Nory, fometimes Regents in the College of old Aberdeen, are
" not to be reckoned Members of Chrifl's Church ; and therefore,
" fecludes them and every one of them, to teach privately or pub-
" lickly in Time coming in that College, or any other Part within
" this Realm, and decern them to remove forth of the faid Col-
" lege with all Diligence, that other godly Men may be placed
1*^ there, for the upbringing the Youth in the Fear of God, and good
' Letters. This our Sentenc^e pronounced, we ordain to be pub-
" ii/hed and intimated to the faid Perfons, and to the Congrega-i
' tions of New and Old Aberdeen, publickly the next Sunday, tlie
♦ third of July Inftant ". This Sentence was no fooner put in Exe^ P,i;;,^,
cution, but Mr. Arbuthnet was inftalcd in the Place of Mr. Jnder-t\t^J^^
Jon, Principal of the King's College at Aberdeen. ouyLj,,,.

A a a 1 In

{») i'«ln,,Cbuuli H.D. J-.,! J. C.O.. If. i-.g. }„. It) p,„„ ,w. t.g. }«».

m The Life oj Mr. ALEXANDER AKBUTHNi/f, Vol. ///.

A^;:'^ In the General AfTcmbl;^ held at St. j4ndrews in the Year 1572,,
"■^^"^ we find our Author one ot the Commiffioncrs that were appointed
to niccc in Mr. John Knox s Hou^t^ to examine the new Book of
pointea o^cPolicjy and confidcr wliat they could find therein, that wa<; a^'/ce-
miiT.onff»"(brable to God's Word, and for the Utility of the Kirk, and to report
rii'TJLuhe fame to the Allcmbly : But Petrie and Calderwood tell us [a)y
"(P'/'O- <j^l)^t they knew not what ivas done in this Conference. But, fiys
Calderwood^ We ma) t^fdy coUeit^ that the Book luas not approved Ly
a new Commijjion appointed in the next ^jjemhly to revije the Book,
or elfe that the Conference ivas not holden.
Heiim.dt A General Anbrnbly having rnet at Edinhnrgh, on the 6t\\ of
^^.'Z'lllJHgHft 1573, ^^- ^^^«^/^"''^ was chofen Moderator (b) : In this
ftmbiy. Allembly there were a great many Earls, Barons, Lords, and Super-
intendants : The Books of the Billiops, Superintendants, and Com-
millioners of Vifitation were produced, and certain Miniflers ap-
ThePro- pointed to examine them i and Mr. John 2)o«^/^/ Arch-Bifhop of
t"s"^A&lm- ^'^ ^^- y^ndrews was accufed for admitting a Popifh Prieft into the
'•'r- Miniftry, to whom the Superintendant ot Lothian had prefcribed

certain Injun(5fions, and he had not obeyed them, for not vifiting
his Diocefs, nor Preaching for half an Year before that Time , for
giving Collation of a Benefice, which was before beftowed on a
Minifter to another fufpeded of Popery, for fufFering the Exercife
to decay through his Fault ; for admitting fome to Fundions in the
Church that were not fufficiently qualified and examined. And
Lajll), That he vifited his Diocefs by others, and not himfelf To
the firft of thefe, the Arch-Bifhop anfwered, That he did not admit
the Priefl: till he had recanted openly in the Church of St.^ndrews.
To the fecond, he affirmed, That he did not only vifit his Diocefs,
but preached perfonally to them, when either his Flealth or Strength
(botn which were much empaired by his Age) could permit himj
and the reft he abfolutely denied. Whereupon the Aifembly only
ordered the Prieft to fatisfy the Injundfions prefcribed to him by the
Superintendant of Lothian. Then Mr. James Baton Bifhop of
*I)vmkell was accufed, that tho' he was a Bifhop, )q.x. he did not tlie
office of a Bifhop ; that he had not proceeded againft Papifts within
his Bounds; that he was fufpedled of Simony and Perjury for havinfr
made a Pa(ff ion with the Earl of Argjle for the Profits of the Bifhop-
rick, and accordingly at his Admiffion, contrary to his Oath, he
had oiven Acquittances, and the Earl had received the Money ; but
it feems the Bifhop acquit himfelf fo well of what was laid to his
Charge, that they were found to be mere Calumnies ; for we do
not find that the Affembly pafs'd any Cenfure upon him. Alexander
Gordon Bifhop of Galloway was accufed that he intruded himfelf
into the Office of the Miniftry within Edinburgh., that he enticed
the People to Rebellion againfl the King, that he refufed to pray
for him, and approved of the Queen's Authority, that being diA
charged by the General Affembly to have any Thing to do with the

Parifhioners

(/tj Vid. C»ldet. Hift. of the Ch. of Scot, ad An. ij7j. P,g. j<. C*) Petiie, P'fi. }7?. C«lder. P.g. tfj.

- r I ■ I I M

Vol. III. Princtpjl of the lung'i Co/Ie^e df Ahcidem. 189

rarilhoiicrs ot Holy- Rood- Houje, yet lie compelled tliem to receive ^^^
die Sacrament, VLnd caufcd pretended Baillies and Soldiers to com- ^■^^/'^
pel the People, that being (worn to maintain the King's Authority,
and yield Obedience to him, yet he had broken his Oath, by fit-
ting in a Parliament for difpolTelfing the King of Crown and Autho-
rity : That he had given Thanks publickly in the Pulpit for the
Slaui^hfcr of (^lattheio Earl of Lennox, and exhorted the People
to i.\o io likcwile. And La/fly., That he was a Peivcrter of the People
both before and after the Reformation. The i5i[hop could not deny
his Loyalty to the Queen, and therefore he gave them a general
Anfwer, that he was freed from all thcfe Things by the Adt of Pa-
cification agreed to betwixt the Queen's Friends and the King's ;
but theAllcnibly told him, that tlie States had not abfolved him qua
Pi/hop from theCenfure of the Church in talibus, fo he was ordain'd
under the Pain of Excommunication, to makepublick Repentance
for three (cveral Sundays, one in the Cluuch ol Edml^nr^h, another
in the Church of Holy Rood- Houfc, and the third in tlie Qiieen's
College Cluuch. Mr. Calderivood fays (a), " That feveral other
" Enormities were laid to his Charge, and that when he craved
" the Benefit of the Ad: of Pacification agreed upon at Terth l jd
" of Fcbriiiir), when the civil Wars ended ; to the which Ad: the
" Reformed Bifhops, Abbots and Priors having Vote in Parliament,
" condefcended in Name of the Kirk, and therefore alledged that
" he could not be compelled to anfwer for any Complaint given in
" againft him for maintaining another Authority, or for any I'hing
" depending thereupon; and this Anfwer he fent them by a Servant:
" Whereupon the Alfembly fent one to the Regent and Council to
" crave their Advice, who returning, reported, his Grace was willing
" to obferve the Heads of the Pacification, but without Prejudice
" of the Difcipline of the Kirk, and Satisfadion to be made for all
" notorious and open Slanders ; and the Bifhop being again fum-
" moned, and not compearing, and in refped his Offences were
" notour, it was concluded that he fhould make his publick Repen-
*' tance in Sackcloth three feveral Sabbath Days, one in the Kirk of
" Edinburgh, another in Holy-Rood-Houfe, and the third in the
" Qiieen's College; and two I3rethren were appointed to admonifh
" him in the AfTembly's Name, to perfotm the faid Injundion, and
*' begin the next Lord's Day in Edinburgh, and after in the other
" two Khks fucccjji%)e, under the Pain of Excommunication ". Mr.
Rol/ert Pont CommiiVionct o( Murray was accufed torNon-refidencc
in (Murray, and for not vifiting the Kirks there, excepting Jnver-
nifs, Elgin and fbrres for thefe two Years bygone ; but he excufed
liimfelf upon his being obliged to attend the Seflion, being one of
the Lords olthe Sellion : Whereupon the Superintendent ot Lothian
moved the (^^ueftion, Whether it was lawful by the Word of God,
chat the Adininiflration of the Word and Sacraments, and the Ad-
niinillpition of criminal and civil fuftice fhould be fo confounded,

B b i) that

190 T7;g Life o/'M-. ALEXANDER AR BUTHN I.T, Vol. f/f.

A^,'^ that one Man fhould have both Charges, and the Aflenil)ly {xy^rcxid
"^'V^ that it was neither agreeable to the Word of Cod, nor to the
Practice of the Primitive Church,

Tiie Reader of D'llray was accufcd by Mr. ^Davirl C»riir/j/h^me
ConimiiTioner ot Ktle, Currick and Cnninghame, that notwitlifl m-
din<» that they liad di(charged him from adminiflrating the Lord's
Suuper, yet he did adminiflrate tlie fame alrer his(nvn Manner ut
Killirnie die lall Eaftcr ; for which the Afl'cmbly (udainctl him to
make !iis Repentance two fcveral Sabbaths, the one in Kiliiniie. aiul
the other in Di^lr.iy ; and ordered, that if lor the liitiiic;, he, or
any other Readers ihall be found doing the Hke, they Ihall be depo-

{cd.

Befides the Accufiitions that were brought againfl thcfe Pcrfons
in the Adcmbly, tiiey appointed certain of" dieir Number to give
Anfwers to fuch Quellions as fhould be propofbd to them ; and
the Q^iieftion bein!4 moved, Whether a Superinrendant or Commif-
fioner, with Advice of any particular Kirk in their Jurifdirtion, may
difpenfe with the Rigour of Sackclodi, prefcribed by the Ac'fs olthe
General AiTembly, and that for a pecunial Penalty ad pios ujiis. And
it was anfwpred in the Negative. The Qiiellion being moved, If
"rear Men who are guilty of Crimes, may be di(pen(ed with for
Money (td pios tifns. It was anfwered in the Negative. The Quc-
ftion beiivj, moved about the Punifliment that is due to fuch as ihall
receive and entertain excommunicated Perfons. It was anfwered,
That thofe who receive excommunicated Perfons fhould be cenfured
with Excommunication, after due Admonition, and if they dedlf,
they (hall make publick Repentance for that Fault. The Qiiellion
bein<T moved concerning thefe that confult with Witches and En-
chanters : It was anfwered, That they fhould be excommunicated.
The Secretary of the Council having prefented certain Heads con-
cerninfT the Alllgnation of Miniflers Stipends; Licence was given to
Bifhops, Superintendants and Commillioners of Vifitation to take
Notice of the Situation of Parifh Cliurches, and to change them for
the Commodity of the People, as alio of the Glebes. After which
the Allembly rofe.

The next Year in an AfTembly held at Edinburgh, in the Month

of exarch 1574- Cfor^f/)o«^/^j Bifhop of <vl</«rraj being accufcd

for Fornication committed with the Lady j4rdrofs (a\ craved leave

to advife upon his Vindication till the lOth Day of the Month,

and then refufing to compear, die AfTembly appointed our Author

Avith odiers, to call before them the Chapter of c^^rr^'j, and to

Hei,n,.<ieexamine diem, how they came to give that Bifhop their Tellimo^

c1m!m^* nial, without juft Tryal and due Examination of- his Life, and

r,'"'^^^"'XQu'^lJfi'-"itions in Literature, and, in the fame Allembly, he is ap-

A.nriescon-pQJpteJ oucof tlic CommifTioners for penning the Heads and

cernins the f ■, rxr^- r \ T- ■ \

j„nia,£iion Articles concerniniz the Turildiccion or the Jviik.

of ilie Kirk. <3 ''

In

(.») I'etiie, ubi lufti, }3». C*ldefwood, Pig- '♦•

Vol. ill rrim.'p.il of the Ktngs College o/' Aberdeen. joi

In a General Alfcnibly at Edinburgh upon i^tli Jpril i^y6, tiie;^^^
Bidiop ol" ft^^/wr^j being ordained to give a Proof ot his Do(5tnne^^\J^'
in the next Provincial Alll-mblj, whicli \ras to be at yibcrcicen, Mr.
u^rl'iilhuct and Mr. John Cratg wereappointcd to report their Judg-
ment to the AfTenibiy concerning it, and in the Year 1577, the
Cieneral AfTembly having met at Edinburgh in the Montli ot udbril,
our Author was again diofen JVlodeiator to that Aflcmbly, wherein' H.i5.g,i»
they liad large Conrercnces and Difputcs, concerning the Policy oit,t\n,^°^
the Church, and at length, all was appointed to be'"revired byMr.b'j' *"•"**
^iiwes Lawjon^ Mr. Andrexv Mehil, Mr. John Craig and Mr.
George Hay. Mr. Patrick yldawjon Arch-Billiop of St. Andrews
was accufed, of which we ihall give an Account in that Billiop's Life,
Mr. Ja?r/cs Blackziood iiaving the J'arfonagc of Sawchar and Vica-
rage o( Saline, lie was ordered to demit one of them. The Recent
was by a Commi/Iion from tiiem informed of their rroccedings,^nd
petition'd, that Providon miglit be made for Vifitors, that Perfons
deprived of their Office by the Church, might be deprived of their
Benefices, that he would take fome CourfeVith tlicm who fell their
Benefices, and bellow all vacant Benefices upon thefe recommended
by the Church : But the Brethren who petition'd his Grace, having
no written Commiflion from the Allembly, after they liad attended
for fbme Days, were difmiffed without any Anf\i er, and a Faft beiiiT
appointed, they rofe : But in the beginning of this AfTembiy, b<>
caufe our Author tlieir Moderator was not in the preceedin" Affem-
bly, therefore, they ordered that the Superintendant of'^ Angus,
and other fix Minilters Ihould attend him every Morniii" from feven
of the Clock till the fitting down of tiie Affembly, for preparincr
fiich Things as Ihould be brought before them : And Mr. Petrfe
obferves, that (a) in all the fotlowing AfTemblies thefe privy Con-
ferences, as they were called, were like to that which in the Coun-
cil of Trent was called the Congregation. For within fome Years
all Matters were debated and concluded in thefe privy Conferences,
and the AfTembiy had little to do. Another Aflembly having met
the fame Year at Edinburgh, and a Letter being prefented to ^hem
from Qiiccn Eliz^abeth, Ihewing them, that a Council of Proteflants
was to meet at Magdeburg, and defiring them to fend fome of their
Number to it, our Author was nominate for one, but none of them
went, that Projed: having failed. The fame Aflembly having pre-
fented the Regent with a Copy of the Policy of the Church as ap-
proval bv them, Mr. ^rW/jwf was appointed, with feveral others,
to attend the Regent for folving of his Doubts, in cafe he Oiould
Jiavc any againft the faid Form of Policy. In a General Aflemblv
nict at Edinburgh upon the 24tli oApril 1 578, he was one of thofe
that were appointed to attend upon the King and Council, and to
rcafon with them concerning the Ceremonies of the Church, and
iiow far Miniilcrs may meddle with civil Affairs, and if they may
Vote in Council or Parliament : And the fame Year in a Parliament

B b b 1 held

(«; (jidc/wouj, ) «J. Jyl,

I y 1 The Life of Mr. AJJ.XANDER A R H UT H N t/f, Vol. If f .

r^^^^"""^ hcltl in the CiilUc ol Stirling^ lie was noininatcci to be one ot tlic

"^^ Miniltci.s tluit flioiiM confer witli tlicm coiKcrnini; rlic Hook of

J^iCciplinc. IiKiCicncriil Allcmbly held at /:/'y;«/'«r^/y upon the iXth ot

OcloUr, he was apjxMntccI, with (ome others, to draw up an Order

for the Examination, Adniiflion and Ordination of Minillers.

In the Year 15S1, hU.Ccorff^c Bucharum havint^ conmiittcil the
Care of the icvilini; and printing of his J lifhuy to Mr. (t/lrbmhiei,
Bw'lw," lie publifhed that Hiltoi y, which gave great OHcncc not only againit
"'""■'' the Author, but againftMr. ytrbiitimet, who by an Adt of the Cicne-
ral Alleniblv, was ordered to be removed from /iherdccn 10 St.y^n-
drews ; but' his Majclty (iifpeding that it was only to have his Ad-
vice in their factious Troceedings, St. aAndrewf; being nearer the
capital City where thcv ordinarly met than ylberdeen, he difcharged
Mr. Arhuthnet from removing irom the College of yiUrdcen under
Pain of Horning ; which tife General AlTembly that met at Edin-
itirtrh in 1585 complained of as a Grievance : But his Majefty in
liislxeply to their Grievances, told them {a), That they had no
Kcafon, all Things being well confidered, to think that this was
cither lb proper for the Church, or lb improper for the Civil Eftate;
for he and his Council had good Realon to direift his Letters as he
did, upon die general Elleem the Northern Parts had for him,
M'iieieiii none was prejudged, feeing there was nothing containing
Power in the Order to denounce at tiie firft, but mtlicr to do the
Tliin'T required, or to compear and Ihow a Caule for the contrary.
But this Controvcrfie betwixt them and the King was foon removed
bv the Death of our Author, who died in die 46 Year of his Age,^
and was buried in the College Church of Aberdeen on the 20th of

Odoher 1585.

He was, as we have faid, one of tiie great Promoters of the Re-
..isDoti. formation, and conlliltcd by all dieir General AHemblies in the
nd cha.»-y^l^-^j,.^ Qf t|-,gij. chuicli I Aud altho' he was of the fame Principles
with BHcbanan and Mr. oAndreio c^ehil, yet he was much more
moderate ; and if he was not fb good a Poet as Buchanan, or fo
great a Mafter of the Purity of the Ronhtn Language as he was, yet
he was a learned and more univerfal Scliolar ; for Bifhop J/^or/cwo^
lells us {b)y That he was expert in all the Sciences, a good Poet,
Mathematician, Philofopher, Theologue, Lawyer, and skilful in
Median ; fo that in ewry Subjedl he could promptly difcourfe, and to
good Purpofe. And the fame Reverend Prelate tells us. That befides
thefe Salifications, by his diligent Teaching and dexterous Go-vern-
ment,h^e not only revived the Study of good Letters, but gained
many from the Super flit ions to which they zuere given : He zvas greatly^
loved of all Men, hated of none, and m fuch Account for his Mode-
ration zvith the chief Men of thefe Parts (meaning the North) that
zvtthout his (Advice they could almoft do nothing, which put him to
great Fafhery, whereof he did often complain ; yet he was very plea-

jant and jocund in Converjation.

We

ta; i-ciiic, I'Jic 3. I'lg. 441. (t) L'b. 6. I'jg. 33},

and
itc

T'

Vol. HI. Principal of the Kings College of Aberdeen. 19 j

We have nothing extant of this Authof, but fome Orations in JlfT;?^
Praifeof the Lawfs, and their firft Rife : Upon which excellent ^A/**^
Pei-foimance of his, Mr. Thomas cPldaitland has the following
Elegy (a).

Eler'ia c^Jlexandri (tdrhiithnAi orationihus de origine ^ dignitan
juris prafixa.

^Empus erat, cum gians dura Jovis arbore nata,
Et facilem vilis praebuit herba cibum.
Cumque foret vini nee adhuc bene cognitus ufus,

Sedavit gelidi fluminis unda fitim.
Afl: ubi Trinacriis errans difperfit in oris

f rugifer^ meflis femina flava Ceres ;
Et cum pampineos proles Semeleia coUes,

Lxtaque pinxillet vitibus arva fuis :
Amplius infuaves jam nemo ex ilice glandes,

Ex rivo gelidam nemo petebat aquam.
Hinc Cereri tribuit Cerealia fefta vetuftas,

Sacra Dex Cnidiac non violanda jocis.
Sacra racemiferi fie & Trieterica Bacchi,

/Era puellari queis fonuere rrianu.
Sic quondam nobis, prxclara fcientia Juris,

fPrsecipites error fie malus egit avos ; )
Non oene culta fuit, ncc enim gens effera legum,

Conftringi palTa eft libera coUa jugo.
At tu dodlarum Ipes xiArbttthn&e fororum,

O decus o patriae fplendor amorque tuae j
Eloquii poftquam monftras velut amne citato,

Gentibus humanis commoda quanta ferant :
Fallimur ? an legum reverentia fancfta nepotes

Obftringit, quae vix ante tenebat avos ?
Et pudor afluetis cohibens fera pedlora frxnis

Juftitiam referet, barbariemque premet.
Nee Cereris laudi, aut Bacchi tua gloria cedet,

Si modo jus potius frugibus atque mero eft.
Quod fi forte tibi facra aArbuthn&a negantur,

Nomine nee niteant ternpla dicata tuo :
At Celebris memori tua fama facrabitur aevo,

Fa(5l:aque pofteritas grata ftupenda can6t.
.Ma(5be igitur juris cultor dodtiffime, perge

Calicolum laudes aequiparare tuis.

Mr. Andrew Mehil compofed the following Epitaph upon him (b).

FLere mihi fi fas privata incommoda, fi fas
Publica, nee tua mi commoda flerc nefas 5
Herem ego te, mihi te ereptum, pater oArbhthnetef
Et pater, Sc patriae lux ocululque tuac-

C c c Flerem

<Pj bcliKa Vut- ^M. VvL ». J>.|. I)). (») Sdilis PmI. Scat. VgL t, ttg. im.

194 The Life of Mr.THOMAS SMETON, Vol. f/f.

/>-/v-^ FlereiTi ego te Superis carum caput ^rl^Hthnete,

Jr\^' Et caput, 6c facri corquc aninnif(iuc chori.

Flcrem ego : nee flcnti foret aut pudor, aut modus, cheu !

Flcrcm ego te, tc ehcu ! flcrem ego perpetuo ?
Delicix humani generis : dulcidime rcrum :

Qiicm Mu(aE &: Charites blando aliierc finu.
Cuius in ore Icpos ; fapicns in pcdlorc virtus :

Et Suadx <5c Sophix vis bene jundla (imul.
Cui pietas, cui prifca fides, conftantia, candor,

Et pudor, &c probitas non habuere parem.
Sacras & Themidis, medicas & I'aronis artcs,

Et potis immenfi pandere )ura poli.
Vis animi, vis ingenii, vis vivida mentis

Et terram, & pontum, &c fidera perdomuir.
Talis erat hie a;vum agitans : nunc artlicre fummo

Celdor, &c fummo non procul inde Deo.
Perfrueris vera in patria caloque Deoque

Fcclix : ha:c tua me commoda flerc nefas.

o

The Catalogue of his Works.

Rationes de- origine ^ dignitate juris, Edinburgi 1 572, in
4to.

THE

LIFE of Mt.THOMAS SMETON,
Principal of the College of Glafgow.

Hit Birth 1^ jn •^' ^^'^^^ Smeton was born in the Shire or County
.^re'nt.ge ' l^k gWg ^f PcTth {a% of a meau, but honefl: Parentage,

at a fmall Village called Gask^ not far from trie
Town o( Penh, in the Year r $^6. He was taught
his Grammar at the School of Perth, and his
Philofophy at S. Sahators College in the Univer-
fity of St. Andrews, under Mr. Willinm Cranfion, at that Time
Provoft of the Houfe. Mr. Cranfion finding him a Youth of excel-
lent Parts, perfuaded him to travel, hoping that by the improvin<y
his Parts in foreign Countries, he might become ferviceable to his
ihfo- Fr!^».own : And accordingly he went over to France, where, after he
He enters in- had ftaycd for fome Years at the Univerfity o^ Paris, he went to
Ifthefcfu'ti-Rowf, and entred into the Order of the Jefuites, having ftayed for

three

(<•) Spolfwoad's Aifl. Lib. 6, Paf. 335.

Vol, 111. rrmcipcil of the College of Glafgow. 195

tliiee Years at Rome, \\q returned to his Native Country about (omeXr^
private Bufinefs of his own ; which aftei: he had fetded", he went*^V«V
over again to France, where he ftayed at Paris till the Year 1571.
At winch Time Mr. Thomas Mattland coming to Paris, he prevail'd
V'ith Mr. Smcton to go alongft with him to Italy, where that Gentle-
man contradling a Sicknefs, died, much lamented and reorated by
all that knew him, and particularly by his Tutor Mr. Srneton, and
was honourably intcrr'd according to his Quality : Which fufticicntly
expofes that Predidion of John Knoxs concerning tliis Gentleman's
Death, as related by Spotjwood (a), who tells us, " That tlie Word
" of the Regent the Earl of Akrrays Death coming to Edinburgh,
" Thomas (^aitland a younger Brother of Lithmgtons, whom
" Buchanan makes his Collocutor in his Book de Jure Regni, know-
" ing wliat Efteem "John Knox made of the Regent, and loving
" none of the two, caufed a Writing to belaid in^he Pulpit, wliere
** John Knox was that Day to preach, to tliis Senfe, and almoft in
" the fame Words, Take u^ the o^an whom "^ou accounted another
" God, and confider the tnd, whereto his Ambition hath brought
" him-. John Knox finding the Paper, and taking ic to be a Memo-
** rial for recommending fome fick Perfons in his Pravers, after he
" had read tlie fame, laid it by, nothing, as it fcemecl, commoved
*' therewith ; yet in the End of the Sermon, falling to regrate the
•• Lofs that the Church and Common- Wealth had received by the
" Death of die Regent, and Ihewin^ how God did often for the Sins
" of tlie People take away good Ruters and Governours, I perceive,
•* faid he, that albeit this be an Accident diat we fliould all take to
" Heart : There be fome that rejoice in this wicked Fadl, making ic
*' the Subjcdl: of their Mirth, amongil whom there is one that caulfcd
'« a. Writing to be caft in this Place, infulting upon that which is all
*' good Mens Sorrow. This wicked Man, whofoevcr he be, (hall
" not go unpunifhed, and fhall die where none fhall be to lament
" him ; The Gentleman was himfelf prefent, and being come to the
"Lodging, asked ii is Sifter, who was alfo there, if fhe did not think
" John Knox was raving, to fpeak (o of tlie Man he knew not ?
" But fhe weeping, faid, that fhe was forty that he had not followed
♦^ her Counfel ; tor fhe had difwaded him from doing that : None
" of this Man's Denunciations, faid fhe, are wont to prove idle, but
•* have their own EfFed fhortly. After, the Troubles of the Country
" incrcafin^, the Gentleman betook himfelf to Travel, and paffing
" into Jti'ty, died there, having no known Perfon to attend himJ
*' This, fays the Bifhop, I thought not unworthy of Record, being
" informed tiicieof bv the Gentleman's Sifter, to whom thefe Speeches
" were uttered, and who was privy to the whole Pilrpofc, for an
" Advertifement to all Perfons not to make a li"ht Account of the
" Thrcatnings of God's Servants ". But with all du6 Submiflion to
the Judgment of this learned and wordiy Prelate, there is nothing
in this Story that ftiould make us believe Mr. KnoH a Propher, for

C c c 1 it

(t) Lib. J. P.g. »}4,

196 TIj: Ltfe of Mr.] AMES SMhTOK, Vol. Ill

Jjy^P it was very udial for Mr. /Cnox and his Brethren to threaten (iod's
^''V^ Jud"mcnts to their lincmics, and if their fa'thful Friends the Mob
put them in Execution, they were elleemed Propliets, and if they
failed, no more notice was taken of it. Mr. (J^attland was juft
"oing to his Travels at tliat Time, for this was in the Year 1570,
and it was in the Beginning of 1571 that he came to Paris : And
there is no great Wonder if Mr. Knox fhould know of his Dcfign of
navellin<T, and it is a great Hazard if a Man that defigns to travel
for feveral Years abroad, returns liome again. And if what 'Demp-
(ler fays be true, diat he never refolved to return till the Romijh
Religion was eftablifhed, as Things then went, it was no great Diffi-
culty to prophecy what the Event would be ; but how he fhould have
fo luckily happened upon his Man is not furprizing, neither if we
confider, that lie faw Mx-a^aitland in the Cliurch, whom lie knew
to be there upon no good End, and whom he knew to be the Regent's
Enemy and his, and confequently had reafon to fufpecft that he had
put that Trick upon him, tho' he had not known his Hand Writ,
as 'tis probable he did, havin^ had feveral Controverfies with him ;
neither had the Thing been kept fo fecret, but that it might have
come to Mi.Kmxh Ears, for the Sifter knew of it, who wasfo great
an Admirer of Mx.Kmx, that fhe believed him to be a Prophet :
And it IS not fingular for Female Zealots to reveal their Secrets to
the Men of God, nor for diem to make their own ufe of them. And
LaJ]iy, It was abfolutely falfe that he died without being attended,
or lamented by any that knew him. But to return to Mr. Smeton ;
upon the Death of his Pupil, he went to Geneva to confer with the
Reformers there, being inclined to embrace the Proteftant Religi-
on ; and being by them confirmed in his Refolution, he went ftreight
to Paris with a Defign to return to his own Country with the hrfl
convenient Occafion : The MafTacre of Paris happening at this
Time, he narrowly efcaped by the Favour of Sir T'homas Walfag-
ham the EngliJI) Ambaftador, and came in his Company to En-
gland.

Mr. Smeton was no fooner arrived in England^ but he renounced
He «noun jj^g PopifH Religion, and taught a Grammar School for five Years at
p'm'Rci.Bi- Colchejier in Ejjex. And in the Year 1 578 he returned to Scotland^
""^ and having joined the Reformers, he was made Minifter at Paijiey^

,o"«"«rand chofen a Member of the General AfTembly that met at Edin-
Mmifter/.' l>firgh in the Year 1 578. Another AfTembly having met at Edin-
T'-pj. Ij^^^Ij on the 7th Day of July 1 579, he was chofen tneir Moderator

\l^^°^"sl'^^ this AfTembly.

ftmwy* In the Year 1 580, he had a Controverfie with Nicolas Burrr^

ProfefTor of Philofophy in the Univerfity of St. ylndrews, who had
turned Popifh ; of which I fhall give an Account in that Author's
Life. At the firft Erecftion of Presbyteries in the Year 1587, our
Author, Mr. oAndrew Hay, Mr. oAndrew Polwart and the Bifhop
of Glafgow were appointed to overfee the Presbytery of Glajgow^
in the Place of Mr. ^Andrew (^dvHy who was removed to Sx. Jn-

drews.

Vol. ill. Principal of the College of Glafgow. i^y

firczcs. Wliilrt he was Principal of the College ot Glajgoiv, he v/asj^^^
held in great Efteem by all that knew him, ""for Jiis Knowledge in^'V**'
the Con'tiovcffies betwixt the Papifts and Proteflants : He was a
right Cahinijl, and tacflious towards the latter End of hi-i Days.
Ylt died at dliijgow upon the <5th oiDecemUr i ■^'i'^, and was buried hi« d.uh
in rlic Cathedral Church. Arch-Bifhop Spotijuood fays (<:), That he £»«• ^''""
i-jai a M^n learned in the Languages^ and zvell feen in the ancient
Euhers, the reading of luhoje Works he did ever ferionjly recommend
to the ToHth ; the ^njivcr that he pennd in 'Defence of this Church
a^ainfl Mr. Archibald Hamilton, and other Dtilates, zuhich are in
t)}e Hiinds of his D'fcipleSy do Jhew his Worth, and the Lojs that
this Church hath received by his Death. We have ftill extant his
Book againft Mr. Humilton, wlierein he treats of the Univerfality
of the Church, and of the Primacy of the Romifh Sea ; to which
he has annexed an Hiftorical Narration of Mr. Knox\ Death, whom
Jie endeavours to represent as a Saint. Mr. oAndrew a^lelvil has
compofed the following Epitaph upon him and Mr. ArbHth-
net {b).

In Alexandrum Arbuthnetum ^ Thomam Smetonium, duo nojlr/l
gentis lumina, ad Septemtriones ^ Meridiem nuper extindla.

VIx heu, vix raptum deflevimus ArbuthnetuWy
Vix heu jufta datis folvimus inferiis :
Et premit altera mors, & funere funus acerbat :

Et magno extindlo lumine majus obit.
Ille quidem Ar(ftoa tenebras de nodte fugabat :

fulgebas medio Glajgua ftella die.
Quod fi luce fua fpoliata eft noxque diefque

Noftra, eheu quantis obruimur tenebris !
Aut ergo e tenebris revoca lucem : aut hominum lux

Chrifte redi ; ut nobis ftet fine nodVe dies.

The Catalogue of his Works;

I- A Z) virulentum Archibaldi Hamihonii Apoflatx Dialogum
jCV Je confufione Calviniana: Se6l£ apud Scotos impie con-
jcriptum Orthodoxa refponfio, Thoma Smetonio Scoto auhore, in
(jtta Celebris tlla c^u&Jlio de Ecclefia, de Vniverfalitatey SuccejfiOne
€5* Ilomani Epifcopi Primatu breviter, dilucide (f accurate
tradatur : adject a ejl vera Htjloria extreme vitA ^ obit us
eximii viri Joan. Knoxii, Ecclefu Scoticanae Jnflaurato'rii
fidelijjinii, Edinburgi apud Joan. Rofleum pro Henrico Charteris,
Anno Dom. 1 57^. Cum Privilegio Regali, in 8vo.

D d d THE

(.*) hfott'tntoi, aM r«pi«. (t) 0«li(ia l'«it. Sc9«. VoL a. Ptf. iti.

J98 Vol. Iff.

An. i;8).

THE

LIFE of James crichton of

Cltinie^ commonly called, the Admirable
Crichto?u

. HIS Gentleman was defccncled from a very ancient

Parenugc" ' H Famil)', \\\s Ysii\\ci RobcTt CrtchtOH oi Clmiie was

one of thofc who comnianJed Queen <i^i>r)\
Army at tlie Battle of Langfide in the Year i 56X.

He was born at Clunie^ his paternal Inheritance,

in the Sliue of Perth in the Year i 551. He was taught his Clrani-
mar at the School of Perth, and his Philofophy at tlie Univerfity
of St. Andrews (a) under Mr. John Rutherfoord, as we have fliowa
in the Life of that learned Pcrlbn: He had hardly attained to the
o"i'K.mw."ioth Year of his Age, when he had run through tlie whole Circle
Ihl^pVnVif of the Sciences, and could fpeak and write ro Perfedion in ten dif-
ie"»i»g- fej-ent Languages ; but this was not all, for he had likewife impro-
ved himlclf to tlie utmofl: Degree in riding, dancing, Zinging and
playing upon all forts of Inlbuments.

HavniT thus accomplidied himfelf at home, his Parents fent him

abroad to accomplifh him further by Travelling. And coming to

H<rgo«tojP'^r/>, it is not to be imagined what Conflernationhe raifed in that

^;''7^';*';"' famous Univerfity; as we have it from an Eye-witnefs, who gives

the *i.oic ,,5 f|,i5 Account of it (b\ " Tliere came, fays he, to the College of

Univtrfiiy of V/ r it C i \ i

p.ir„«ithhisu J\[aviirre a young Man or ZO Years or Age, who was perledly
■.ry Pitts. " well feen in all the Sciences, as the learnedft Mailers of the Uni-
" verfity acknowledged : In vocal and inftrumental Mufick Jione
*' could excell him, in painting and drawing in Colours none could
" equal him ; in all military Feats he was moft expert, and could
" play widi the Sword fo dexterouOy with both his Hands, that no
" Man could fight him ; when he faw his Enemy or Antagonift, he
" would throw himfelf upon him at one Jump of 10 or 24 Foot
" Diftance : He was a Mailer of Arts, and difputed with us in the
" Schools of the College upon Medicine, the Civil and Canon Law
" and Theology ; and although we were above Fifty in Number,
*' befides above three thoufand that were prefent ; and Co pointedly
" and learnedly he anfwered to all theQueftions that were piopo(ed
" to him, that none but they that were prefent can believe it. He
*' fpakc Latin, Greek, Hebrew, Arabkk, and other Languages moft
" politely : Fie was likewife an excellent Horfeman, and truly if a
" Man fhould live an hundred Years without eating, drinking or
" lleepiiig, he could not attain to this Man's Knowledge ; wliicli

« flruclc

(<) ViJ. ild. Minut. liKift. Ded. l>.itailo« Ciccr. Did. Cniiq. «c Hiftor. pjf M. Biyle, Dcmpftcr Hid. hccUf. P>g- 187J
Joan, impeiialit Muf. HiUor. Fig. »4i. Sit Thoni«s' Ufluhiit'j Vmdicition of the Scou N«ion. 8tc, (i) Sieph. Pilch.
DlT) C lib. J, Cap. >}.

Vol. III. The Life of JAMES CKICH TON of Clunic; 199

*' ftriick us with a panicle Fear; for lie knew more than humane 'v.^v^s^.
" Nature could well bear : He overcame four of theDoftors of theC<»v«^"
" Church ; for in Learning none could compete with him, and he
" was thought to be Antichrifl ". But for the Header's Satisfa(flion
I fhall hcie infert the Words of my Author.

In Navarra: Collegium njenit Adolefcens qui dam natus Amos XX^
nut bonas artes apprime callehat, ut fcntijjimt quicjue Acadcwia
A'l>i?;ifyi tefiahimtur. Pruclare fidthiis canebat : Nuweris^ ^ooce^
morlis, Symphonia cmdos ■vincebat, pingcbat, (^ imdgimbus colores
ifiducchiit optime omnium : In rnilitia expcrientijjimus erat : gUdium
ambahtis manibus difringebat tarn bene ^ forttter ut cum eo certare
nullus auderet Jlatim atque 'videbit hofiem ftmm, faltu fe in eum
projiciebat, remotus [patio pedum XX aut XXIV. Erat (tMagtfler
in artibus, in Mcdicina, in utroquc jure, in Theologia : Nobijcum in
Navarrx Schola difputando congrejjus c/7, tametfi Magiflrorum min-
qt'.a^inta perfe6fij]imorttm numerum excederemus : Mitto alios ter
tnilfe, ^ eo arnpiius, cpn concertationi interfuerunt ; tam argute ^
cumulate refpondit cfuxfiionibus qux propofit^funt, omnibus; ut mfi
pr£fentium, certe abfcnttum fidem fuperet. Latine, Crxxe, Hebraice,
Arabice ^ Unguis all is pluribus loquitur, ut qui pol/tijime, equita-
bat quoque ut qui optime, §}j^in ctiam fi quts homo annos centum
'vrueret, (^ fine cibo ^ potu, dies nolle Jque injomnes traduceret, quas
tile animo complexus efl Jcientias ajjequeretur nunquam, ^ re'vera
tnetum ingcntem nobis incujjit, Nam plura novit quam natura hu-
manaferre pojjit : Dolores EcclefiA quatuor redarguit, fapientia com-
parandus nemini -videbatur, pro Anttchriflo habitus efl.

Sir Thomas Vrquhart of Cromarty g'^ing an Account of this
Difpute, fays, Ti\iir. Crichton, when he came to T^m, caufed fix-
Programs on all the Gates of the Schools, Halls and Colleges be-
longing to the Univerfity, and on all the Pillars and Ports before
the Houfes of tlie mofl: renowned Men for Literature in the City,
inviting all tliofe who were well vers'd in any Part or Science to
difpute with him in the College of Navarre, that Day fix Weeks,
by nine of the Clock in the Morning, where, God willing, he fhould
attend them, and be ready to anfwer to whatever (liould be pro-
poned to him in any Art or Science, and in any of thefe twelve
Languages, Hebrew, Syriack, Arabick, Greek, Latin, Spanifh,
French, Italian, Englifh, Dutch, Flemifh or Sclavonian, and that
cither in Verfe or Pro(e, at the Difcretion of the Difputant ; and
during all this Time inftead of making a clofs Application to his
Studies, he minded nothing, but hunting, hawking, tilting, vaul-
ting, riding of well managed Horfe, tomng the Pike, handling the
Musket, and other military Feats, or in Houfe Games, fuch as Balls,
C^onforts of Mufick vocal and inftrumcntal, Cards, Dice, Tennis*
and the other Diverlions of Youth ; which fo provocked the Students
of tlie Univerfity, that they caufed write beneath the Program thac
was fixt upon die Sorbonne Gate, If you would meet with thu Monfier
of Perfcaiony to make Search for him (ither in the Tavern or

D U a i BdvJdy

200 The Life 0/ j A M K S CRICHTON o/" Clunic Vol l \ f .

''^^-^ Bawdy-hoiil'c, is the readtcfl Wny to fnd him. Yet upon the Day
^A^"^ appoiiucd lie met with them in theQillcgc of Navarre^ and ac(|iiic
himfeU bevonJ Hxprcflion in that Difpiitc, which laftcd from nine
rill fix of the Clod at Night ; At length, the I'refes having extolled
him hif'hly, for the many rare and wonderful Hndowmcnts that
Cod and Nature had bellowed upon him, he rofe from his Chair,
and accompanied by four of the moft eminent Profeffors of the
UnivcMiitv, nave him a Diamond Ring andaPurle full of Cold, as
a Tcllimony of their Love and Favour, which ended with the Ac-
clamations and repeated Huzza's of die Spedfators. And ever after
that he was called, The yidwiraile Crichton. And my Author fays,
that he was fo little fatigued with that Day's Difpute, that the very
next Day he went to the Lnvera, where he had a Match of tilting,
an Excrcife in great Requeft in thofe Days, and in the Prefence of
fome Princes of the Court of France, and a great many Ladies, he
carried away the Ring fifteen Times on End, and broke as many
Lances on the Snrcicen.

The learned M. dn Launy in his Hiftory of the College of Na-
rjdrrc, finding the Hiftory of this Difpute recorded in a MS. Hiftory
of the College of Na'varre, and the like Account of a Spaniard in
Trithemins, confounds the two together, and robs our Author of
the Glory of this Atftion, and places it in the Year 144.5, whereas it
ftiould be in the Year 1571, as we have Reafon to believe, from
the Authority of thofe that were cotemporary with him, and knew
him, and have recorded this of him ; but we need not be furprized
at M. dii Launys denying him the Glory of this Adlion, when we
find M. Baillet, another learned French Man denying there ever was
fuch a Man as our Author (a), notwithftanding that Aldus Mann-
tins dedicates his Book of Cicero s Paradoxes to him in the Year 1 541,
and that the moft of the eminent Men in Italy in that Age were
acquainted with him, as we fKall fhow in the remaining Part of the
p^f"/"/" Hiftory of his Life. About two Years after his Djfpute at Paris,
whtre he ' q^yajano Boccalmi in his Advertifcments from Parnajjus, tells us,
^^th^uVr- that he came to Rome, Boccalmi being then at Rome himfelf, and
fl.LTtcd'.i-by a Placad which he affixed upon all the eminent Places of the
^1 *'"* City, he challenged all the learned Men in Rome, in the following
Terms, Nos Jacobus Crichtonius Scotus cuicunque ret fropo/itix, ex
improvifo rejpondehimus, that is to fay, he wasready to anfwer to any
Qiieftion that could be propofed to him, without being previoufly
advertifed of it. Upon which the Wits put a Paper in Pafquins
Hand, endeavouring to ridicule him ; but that noways difcouraging
him, he came at the Time and Place appointed by his Placad, an^
in the Prefence of the Pope, many Cardinals, Bi/hops, Docftors of
Divinity, and Profeffors in all the Sciences ; he gave fuch fijrprizing
Inftances of his univerfal Knowledge, that they were no lefs fui-
prized with him, than they had been at Paris.

From

(a) Hift. dct £i.f. Cdcb.

Vol. III. The Life of JAMES CRICHT ON of Clunie. loi

From Rome he cocs to Venicey wlieic lie contradcd an intimate ^J;;^
Frienciniip with ^IdHS Mcimttiiis, Lciurentius Mal]]u Speron Spero-'^'^

\ r I _.l 1 1 » »-.- 1 • ■'-''„ X . ^ I . He ECU

niiis, and fevcral other learned Men, to whom he prefented feveral r'om%!?,V
Toems in Commendation of the City and Univerfity, and amontrft '^ ^"""'
the reft, one to oAldus Q^anntms, which we have ftill extant°in
the T>cliti£ Poetarum Scotonim (a). This Poem gave him a very
agreeable Surprize, being prefentcd by a Stranger, whom he judged
by the PerFormancc to be a Perfon of an extraordinary Genius ; %ut
when he came to difcourfe with him, he was ftriick with Admiiari-
on, and finding him known in every Thing, he brought him to the
Acquaintance of all the People of Learning or Note that were then
in Venice, and all of them were fo furprized with him, that they
thought him, as he really was, the Wonder of the World, and never
fpokc of him but with Admiration ; at length being brought before
the Doge and Senate, he made an handfom Speech to them, which
being accompanied with all the Graces and Beauties of Eloquence
and Nature {b) that appeared in his Perfon in their outmofl Luftre,
he received the Thanks of die Senate, and nothing was talked
through the whole City, but of this Prodigy of Nature. Having r,omV?«"
flayed for fome Time at Venice, he went to Padua to vifit the lear-l^hc^fl,'';
ned Men that were at that famous Univerfity ; and he had no fooner ^I'tewf'*
arrived tiiere, but there was a Meeting o't all the learned Men in;',,"*, "'" '
the City, in the Houfe of Jacobus Moy/tus Cornelius, to wait upon' "'"
liim, and converfc with him : He opened the AfTembly with an
extemporary Poem in Praife of the City, Univerfity and the Aflem-
bly that had honoured him with their Pfefence at that Time ; and
after f\x Hours of a Difpure, which he fuftaincd againft them, in
whatever they could propofe to him in all the Sciences : He con-
cluded with an extemporary Oration in Praife of Ignorance, that
aAldus Q^anutius (c) fays. That they all thought that they icere in a
JDream, And that he had almojl pcrfuaded them that it zvas better to
be ignorant, than learned and zvife. Sometime after this he fixed a
Paper on the Gates of St. John and St. Pauts Churches, wherein
he offered to prove before the Univerfity, that tliere was an infinite
Number of Errors in oAriJlotles Philofopiiy, which was then only
in Vogue, and in all his Commentaries, both in Theological and
Philofophical Matters, and to refute the Dreams of feveral Mathe-
maticians : He likewife made an Offer to difpute in all the Sciences,
and to anfwer to whatever fhould be propofed to him, or objedled
againft him, cither in the common logical Way, or by Numbers
and Mathematical Figures, or in a hundred different Sorts of Verfes
as they plcafed. But for the Reader's Satisfadion, I (hall infcrt here
the Copy of this Paper, in his own Words.

Vt its (jui (virtute 'verao^ue aninii nobilitate altis pr^luccntef) bene
de 'virluiis aniatoribus jcntire confueverunt gratias agat imrnortales
Jacobus Critonius Scotus, propgatifaue (^ perditis hominibus omnem
in po^erum jailandi occajionem auferaty errores Ariftotelis peni /'«-

E e c nurnerabiles

(«; Lidiux fuel. Scot, ubi ftipia. (I) Jouk Io>|>«fitl. ubi fupM. ((} AUui Mao. fisf. in Occr. Fartd.

102 The Life of J A M E S C R I C )4 T Q N of Clunie. Valin .

JJ^r^ numerahtUs (^ omnium Latinorum Philojophortim, /tve cum fie iyf/4(
^^'VV mente Jifputant, Jive cum res TlHologicas attingHnt, ^ jionmdlurnm
quonue Muhefcos profejjorum jomrm rcfutahtt, i^ ad oljed-i rejpon-
clelit. Ltljeram ad hxc in ohmibits Dijciplinis, five tlU pnllice doceri
Jolcant, five fiipientijjimis tantitm homtntbtts pervu fnt argnendi
occafiomm dat refponfurus, five Logicts ^ conjnetis refpor/Jtundus,
five per jeer e tarn numcrorutn rationem aut Figuras Q^titljcmatnas^
five per alimot ex centum carminnm genenbiis ex proponcntinm
tvbitrio. In T>. ^D. Joannis (^ Pauli Ade jacra, ipjo fanc/ijjimo
Femccofies die pojl meridiem.

(iAldus Q^amitius, wlio was prefenc at this Difpiitc, fi\ys (a).
That he performed all that lie had pronufed, to their j^reateO:
Amazement : And he tells us likewife oF another Difputc tiiat lie
iiad before a great Concourfe of Peo^jle in the Bilhop oi Padua s
Houfe, without mentioning the Occalion or Particulars of it ; but
Joannes Imperialis tells us (^), That he was informed by his Father,
who was prefent at this Difpute, that it was with one oArchangcllHs
Q^fercenarius, a famous Philofopher, upon Philofophical Subjeifls,
in whicii he acquitted himfclf fo well, that his Adverdiry own'tl be-
fore the Allembly that he had overcome him.

From Fenice he went to (^antua, at this Time there was a
r-ora'^^.!. Gladiator at Mantua, who had foil'd in his Travels the nioft famous
whelTh'' Fencers in Europe, and had lately killed in that City; three Perfons
mou,*GU- rhat had enter'd the Lifts with him ; the Duke of Mantua was
*^'*""' hifrhly offended that he had granted this Fellow his Protedion, fince
it Tiad fuch a fatal Confequence : Crichton being informed of this,
profered his Service to the Duke, to rid not only his Dominions,
but Italy of tiiis Murderer, and to fight him for Fifteen iiundred
Piftols : Tho' the Duke was unwilling to expofe fuch a fine Gentle-
man as our Author, to fuch an Hazard, yet relying upon the Report
of his Performances in all warlike Atchievements, it was agreed to;
and the Time and Place being appointed, the whole Court were
Witnefs to the Performance. In the Beginning of the Combat,
Crichton was upon the Defenfive, and the Italian attacked him with
fi.ich Vigor and Eagernefs, that he began to fag, having overaiffcd
himfelf ; then our Author attacked him with fuch Dexterity and
Vigor, that he run him through the Body in three different Places,
of which he immediately died. The Huzza's and Acclamations of
the Specffators were extraordinary upon this Occafion, and all of
them acknowledged, that they had never feen Art grace Nature,
nor Nature fecond the Precepts of Art with fo much Livelinefs as
thev had feen that Day j and to crown the Glory of this Adion,
Crichton beftowed the Prize of his Vi(fl:ory upon tlie Widows who
had loft their Husbands in fighting with this Gladiator.
He i. nude Thefe, and his other wonderful Performances moved the Duke of
r,TcVp"r"Mt«f«rt to make choife of him for Preceptor to his Son Vincent de
M»,l)^ °^Gonz^agiia, a Prince of a riotous Temper, and dilfolute Life. T.'ie

Couit

(<) Ubi fupt>, (I) Ubi (ufu.

Vol. III. The Life of } AWES CRICHT.ON o;^ Clunic. 20^

Court was highly pleafed with the Duke's Choice, and tor their Di-^,'^
vcrhon, he compofed a Comedy, wherein heexpofed and ridiculed l^C^^^^if^^
all the Weakneflcs and Failures of the fevcral Employments that»comc<ir.
Men betake tliemfelves to ; which was looked upon as one of the
mod ingenious Satyrs that ever was nude upon Mankind ; but that
which was mofl: wonderful and aflonifhing, was, that he himfelf,
perfonated the Divine, Philofopher, Lawyer, Matlicmatician,
Phvfician and Soldier, witli fuch an inimitable Grace, that every
Time he appeared upon the Theatre, he Teemed to be a different
Perfon ; but from being the principal Acftor of a Comedv, he be- ^^^ .^ ^,,
came the woful Subjecfl of a moft lamentable Tragedy, being moft ■J"«<i •'/ ^•"
barbarouOy murdered by his Pupil, which happened thus : "'^' "

One Night as he was walking alongft the Streets in the Time of hu dmih
die Cainaval, and playing upon his Guitarre, he was attacked by halfa«. ^^"'
a Dozen of People in Masks ; but they found that they had not an
ordinary Perfon to deal with, for they were not able to Itand their
Ground aeainft him, and having difarmed the principal Perfon
amongft them, he pulled off his Mask, and begged his Life, telling
him, that he was the Prince his Pupil. Crichton, who immediately
knew him, fell down upon his Knees, and told him, that he was
foriy for his Miftake, and that what he had done, was only in his
own Defence, and that it he had any Defign upon his Life, he might
always be Mafter of it ; and then taking his own Sword by the
Point, he prefented him with it ; which the Prince taking in his
Hand, and not being able to overcome his PaHion for the Affront
that he thought he had fuftained, in being foil'd with all his Atten-
dants, he immediately run him throui^h tlie Heart.

What moved the Prince to this ungenerous and brutal Acffion, is
varioufly conjedured j for fome think that it was Jealoufie, fufpe(fl-
ing tiiat he was more in the Favours of a young Lady whom he

fjalfionately loved than he was. Others fay, that it was only to try
lis Valour, and the EffeCt of a drunken Ramble ; but whatever
was the Caufe of ir, 'tis certain that thus he died, in the Beginning
of tile Month of July, in the Year 1585, in the thirty fecond Year
of his Age, or as Jmfer talis fays, in the twenty fecond.

His death was extraordinarily lamented by all the learned Men
in Europe, and from thefe Italian Writers, who knew, and were
cotempoiarv with him, .it is, that I have moft of all that I have faid
of him : Joannes Irnperialis, a Dodtor of Medicine of Vicenz,a in
Ital^j^ w'ho has wrote our Author's Life, and who could not but
know die Truth of all,' or moft of what he has faid of him, fince
he lived upon the Places in which they were aded, and who had
them liom his Father, who was an Eye and Ear Witnefs to them»
^^)^ W» '* That he was tlie Wonder or the laft Age, the prodigious
" Produdlion of Nature, the Glory and Ornament of Pornajjus in a
♦' ftupciidious and an unufual Manner, and as yet in tiie Judgment
" of the learned World, the Ph^riix of Literature, and ratlier a

E e e i " fliining

•- — ■ - ■ ■ , ■ , . .

204 Tfje Ltfe o/' J A M h S C R I C H T O N 0/ Clunic Vol. /f f.

Jui:'?^ " fliining Parci-lc of the divine Nature and Mujcfly, tliana Model

^^'^'^'^ " of M'li^^t Imnianc Nature and Induftry can attain to. flis V/ords

" arc, Hic ejl Critoiiius il/e Scotus, tranfaili (wdumJACult monflrumy

" prodigiofo naturA opificis conatH eclitaw, djuo I'arnani fpatia piipcn-

" do o iniiJitiJto hectaculo illujlrarcntHr : Ihc ejl tot ins nrlhuc orbis

^^ ]H(iicio Phoenix habitus ingeniorum, divinx mentis igriictdts fHmmi

" potius datoris referens nuijc/I'itemy quam mortalem ad Awmandurn

" laceffens indHJlriarn. And what can be more, continues he (rt),

'' above our Coniprchenrion, than in the lift Year of his Age to

" be Maftcr often Languages, and to be perfcdtly well fcen in Phi-

" lofophy, Marheniaticks, Theology, the Belles-Lettres^ and all the

" other Sciences ; beildcs, was it ever heard of in the whole Coni-

" pals ot this Globe, that one with all this, fhould be found expert

" to Admiration, in Fencing. Dancing, Singing, Riding and tlic

*' other Exercifes of the Gywnaftick Art, Eefidesall this, he isftiid

" to have been one of the moft beautiful, and one of the handfo-

" meft Gentlemen the World ever faw, fo that Nature had taken

" as much care about his Body,' as ftie had done about his Mind,

" and in one Word, he was the outmoft that Man could come to.

" His Words are, §lmd humanum magis Juperans captufn, c^uam 'vi-

" qefimo pr'imo Rtat'is anno, decern lingHarum peritia, nee non Philo-

^^ j'ophix, Mathematic&i TheologtA, witiorum art turn, CAterarutnque

" omnium dtfciplinarum apicili4s pr/nfittlje, porro quid magis toto

" terrarum amhittt inauditum, quam aigladtandi, faltandi, J'onandi,

*' equitandi, totiufq/'ie Gymnajlic£ pr^Jlantiam Jingularem, tot arcanis

*' elatx, mentis junxijje prarogativts " ?

Mr. Bayle fays (b), That he was one of the greateft Prodigies of
Wit that ever lived.

Eilix j4ftolfus fays. That lie had fuch a prodigious Memory (c),
that he retained more Books upon his Mind, than any of his Age
had read ; Plures libros memoriter tenebat quam quijquam ea atate
legerat.

Sir Thomas Vrquhart o( Cromarty, having infifted on all the Par-
ticulars of our Author's Life in a fuftian and bombaftick Strain,
tells us, That in the Comedy which he compofed, and was an
Adl:or in, before the Court of^ Mantua, in the fifth and laft Adl,
he himfelf perfonated no lefs than 15 different Charaders of Per-
fons and Employments in their different Habits.

And in his Charader of him, he tells us, That he gained the
Efteem of all Kings and Princes, by his Magnanimity and Know-
ledge of all Noblemen and Gentlemen, by his Courtlinefs and
Breeding, of all Knights by his honourable Deportment and Preg-
nancy of Wit, of all the Rich by his Affability and good Fellowfhip,
of all the Poor by his Munificence and Liberality, of all the Old
by his Conftancy and Wifdom, of all the Young by his Mirth and
Gallantry, of all the Learned by his univerfal Knowledge, of all the
Souldiers by his undaunted Valour and Courage, of all the Mer.

cliaius

(a) Mufsum Hiftor. Jo». Imptr. ibidem, Vcnctiit apui Junus 1650. in 4(0. C*) iJ'b. Ciit. (t) Oihcin* hjri. f • 'o*-

Vol III. The Life of ,]AMV^S CRICHTON 0/ Clunic. 205

chants and Artificers by his upright Dealing and Honefty ; and or;;y^
all the Pair Sc.v, by his Beauty and Handfomncfs ; in which Rcfpedj^^'V^
he »'as a Maftcr-piece of Nature. The Reader, fays he, perhaps
will think this wonderful, and fo would I too, were it not that I
know, as Sir Philip Sidney fays, That a Wonder is no Wonder in
a wonderful Subje(ft, and confequcntly not in him, who for his
Learning, Judgment, Valour, Eloquence, Beauty and good Fel-
lowlliip, was the perfecfleft Refult of the loint Labours of Pa/Lir^
y^pol/o, M(irs, MercMry, Venus and Baccms, that hath been fincc
the Days of Alciljiflflcs ; and he was reported to have been en-
riched with a Memory io prodigious, that any Sermon, Speech,
Harangue, Of o'tiier Manner ot Difcourfes of an Hour's Continu-
ance he was able to recite without Hcfltation, after the fame Man-
ner of Cellure and rronunciation in all Points, wherewith it was
delivered at firft; and of fo (lupendious a Judgment, that nothing
cfcapcd his Knowledge : And for the Truth of all this, \\(t ;^ppeals
to above two thoufand Witneflbs, that were flill alive, and had
known him. And fpeaking of his Death, which he attributes to an
Amour, he tells us. That it was in die 31 Year of his Age; that
the whole Court went in Mourning for him ; that the Epitaphs
and Elegies that were compofcd upon his Death, if colle(5ted,
would exceed the Bulk o^ Homer s Works, and that his Piftuie was
Itill to be feen in the mofl of the Bed-Chambers and Galleries of
the Italian Nobility, reprcfenting him upon Horfeback, with a
Lance in the one Hand, and a Book in the other.

Dcrnpfer, who was cotemporary with him, and a Profeffor of

the Civil Law at Bononia in Italy, agrees as to the moH; df what

we have fiiid of him ; but he tells us (a), That he Was for fome

Time at Geneva, as he was on his Travels to Italy, and that they

oflfercd him a confidcrable Salary, it he would remain with them ;

but that he rcfufed it, and tliit no Man offered to detrad: from his

luft Praifes, but Trajano Boccalmi ; but that he being a Pdffon of

no Erudition, it was rather a Glory than any Dilgrace upon him to

be fo treated by a Perfon of his Charadler : His Words are, oAb

unico Trajano Boccalinio maledicentijjimo male exceptus ejl, fed cum

in eo homine fcurrilis dicacitas fine nlla eruditionis mixturafit, honor

trit Crichtonio nofro a tarn imperito njiolari. Yet the fame

T)empjler blames our Author very much, not for his boafting of

the Endowments of his Mind, but for his affirming that he was de-

fccnded from the Royal Family of Scotland. Hanc fane ingcnii

ofcntationem lubentius ferrem o f den tin J pradicarem, quam pojjem

pati jaffaLunde ad Scotix Re^es eenus ipfus referendum, nam inane

ejl ea [e acniis ant fanguinis gloria perper am arrogata venditare,

cum I ant a claritudo in tcnui fort una ridicula videatur, quare ut

ryeruni ft, familiarn Cluniam nobilem ejje, ita illud mendactjfimunr,

Regei Scotii Jacobi Cricluoni majores uUos extitijfe.

F f f Many

(t) Hit. LccUl. CcQ. Scot. iiUi (iiftt,

Z06 The Life of} A M i: 'J C R I C H TO N of Clunic. Vol. IK.

r^\^ Many Poems and l-.pitapUs were compofcd upon liim, hut I fhall
^V^ only infcit thicc ol them, that I have (ecn. The i\r(\ is that (A
our own Countryman Dr. John JohnJIon, in his Infcriptions upcjn
our Heroes, who makes him die in the Year 1581.

J/VCOBUS CRITONIUS CLUNIUS.

Q^IiiJiWimi pdriter ac Mortis aAlnmnus, omnibus m JItuliis, tpfis
ettam Italis adnnrahWis, Mantux a Tenets iMantuanr miluruis
infidiis occifns eft, Anno Chrifti J 581.

ET genus ^- ccnfum dat Scotiii, Gallia pc(fbiis
Excolic : admirans Itala terra virum,
Ambit, (^ elfe Ilium vellet ; gens a-mula vitam

Abftuht; an fatis hoc dicat uc ilia (1111111.
c^antM habct cineres fcelus execrata nefandum,
At tumuli tanto gaudet honore tamen.

The other is by G E O R G I U S R O T I N U S an Italian.

IGnoto latuit Phxnix Critonius a;vo,
Funereis poftquam e^antua merfit aquis.
Scilicet ut furgat redivivus in a:thera Phmix,

Auxilium polfec qui dare nullus erar.
Famigcras iterum Critonius exit in auras

Ft volar ingenio dodla per ora virum.
Addit imperio nianfuras D^dalus alas,

Et penna has pennas iniperialis habet.

The laft is by J U L I U S R A N C O N I U S, another Italian.

FErt pracjudicium fapiens Critonius annis
Dum vincit rofeis tempora cana comis
Hinc parat infidias xtas quibus ilia iccedat

Invida qux tantuni nollet habere virum.
Aft iterum fuperat languens fera fecula, .namque

Qiix fupereft, famam non gelida urna capit.
Ingenio Phxnix, Thmicis forte novare
Debuit occiduuni non moritura dies.

I know nothing of this Author that is extant, but two Poems,
one in Praife of the City of Venice, and the odier addreffed to
Aldus M.iniitius. Both which are extant in the firft Volume of the
Delitig. Poetarum Scoticorum.

Dempfter gives us the following Catalogue of his Works, where
it plainly appears, that he makes three Books out of that Placad,
which he alHxed upon the Gates of S:. John and St. Paul's Churclies
in Padua.

The

Vol. III. ' ■"

The Catalogue of his Works.

107

An. ijs-^

I. \^'^D^ ad Lauicntiiim Alanfum plnrcs.

II. L'U'J.cs PataviiKx, Carmen ex tempore cjfu^um, cum in facobi
AIoyHi Coinclii domo expcrimentum ingcnii coram tola Acadcmia
frequent ia non fine multorttm Jhpore Jaceret.

Ill Jg-norationis Latidatio, extcmporale Thema ibidem redditum
pojl fex horariim dijputationes, ut pmfentes fomnia potius fovere
quam rem Je 'veram videre affirmarint, ait Manutius.

IV. De appiitfti Jm Venetias. Vtd. Delirix Poec. Scot. Vol. i
Pag. 2(58.

V. Od/z ad Alclum Alaniitium. Vid. Del. Poer. Scor. Vol. r
Pag. z6().

VI. EpifioU ad Diverjos.

VII. Pr^tfationesjolemnes in omncs Jcientias Jacras ^ prof anas.

VIII. Judicium de Philofopbis.

IX. hrrores Aiiftotells.

X. ^rmis an Liter& prajlant, Contronjerfa oratoria.

XI. Refutatio Mathematicorum.

Xlf. qA Comedy in the Italian Language.

THE

LIFEof Sir i^ICH^T^T) MAITLANT>
of Lithington^ one of the Senators of the
College of Juflice.

I R Richard o^Maitland of Lithington was Son to WilH(tm p,";',/';""'
cy^Jaitland of Lithington (a), and c^argaret Seaton,'"^'"^^^"^^'.
Daughter to George Lord Sea ton, the fecond of tliat""*
Name, having finilhcd the Coiirfe of his Studies in Philo-
_. fopliy and the 'Rei/es-Lettres at tlie Univerfity oiSi.Jndreics,
he went over to France, where lie ftudied the Laws ; and upon liis
Keturii, became a great 1-avouritc of King James IV. and in the
Books of Sederunt is marked an Extraordinary Lord of the Sedion
Jii 1555, and was admitted an Ordinary Lord of the Scfiion {b)
upon the jith of November i^()i, it being then cuftomary to be
Iirft admitted lixtraordinary, and then Ordinary Lords. In i^6z Mci.m.j.
lie was made Lord Privy Seal, and one of the Lords of her Majclly s LVi^VIld
J'nvy Council ; m uU xvliich honourable Stations he continued till J-;.','' ^'"^
F I f 1 the

'«) Mi. Ilillwy ul iln I .inil, ul ii4ivo, (() I'ul. 10 Mi. tviWti Dtcifioni.

k.

208 The Ltfc of Sir R I C H A R D M A I T L A N D o/"Litllin^tol1, Vol. ill

the Year iJtH- In which Year, upon the lirft Day ot July Uc
icficinccl his Poll as Lord of the Scfiiop, having been iipon tlic i jch
of ^cccniUr 15S5, indulged by the Lords ot tlie Scllion to come
or not as he pleal'cd, by Rcafon of his great Ago, but now perniittcil
to demit for altogether by a Letter under Kju^ James V's Hand,
bearing, that he had fcrved his Grandfir, Goodh'r, Good-damc,
his Mother, and himfcif faithfully in many publick Oflices, and
now "rcatly difabled by Age ; he demicted in favours of Sir Lewis
■BalLmdcn of ^nchnonl Juftice Clerk, referving the Fees and Profits
of his Place during Life : And this is tiie firll Inltancc of a Lord
of Selllon's beini; permitted to demit in Favours of another.
AnAommt There are feveral i\lSs extant of this learned Lawyers, of which
otiMswo.u^ f],.^l] ajve the Reader a brief Account. Li the Library of the
Rinht Honourable, the Earl oiWinton, there is a Genealogical
HiTlorv of that Noble Family, under the follo\i'ing Title, TJoe
Croniclc and Hi forte of the Hoiije and Surname of Seaton unto the
Ahncth of November, in the Zeir of God, an thafand fiqjc hundereth
fifty aiichi Zeirs ; colledit, vrtt and Jet furth be Sir Richard de
Maitland o/Leithingtoun Knicht, Donchter Sone of the faid Hohs.
Tiiis MS. having been communicated to me by the prefent Earl,
I fliall uive dic Reader a: brifef Account of this Noble Familv.

OurAuthor obferves, that there was no Sirname in Scot la fid be-
fore oyldalcolm Kcnmorh Time, but the Father's NamC, as John
MWtlliam, 01 Williamson, ox WtlliajnM Alexander, which Curtom
is obfcrvcd till this Day in the Highlands} but that King gave them
odicr Sirnanies, either from dieir Offices or Lands ; and amongft
thofe who had their Sirname from their Lands was the firfl: Founder
of this Familv, who was called Seaton from his being Alafter of a
Town upon the Sea Coaft. The firft of which Name that is men-
tioned in Records, is Dongalot Dongal, who fJourifhed in the Reigfi
of Kin2; yllexander I. and married Janet ^j^incy, Dauglirer to
]{o^cr '^luincy Earl of Winton, and Conftable ot Scotland. His Son
wa"s Sehcr Seaton, who flourifhed in the Reign of King T>avid : His
Son Alexander is Witnefs in a Charter of King David I to Walter
de Riddel, his Son Philip died in the 14th Year of King WiUiam,
from whom he got a new Charter of Inleftment of the Lands of
Seaton, Winton and Wtmhhurgh : The Tenor of which is as fol-
lows.

Willielmus Dei Gratia Rex Scotorum, Epifcopis, Ahbatibus,
Comitibus, Baronibtds, Jujliciariis, Vicecomittms, Minifris : (^
omnibus probis hominibus tottus terr& Ju£ ; Clericis ^ Laicis Jalutcm.
Set at is prefent es (^futuri me concejjtjje (^ hac Carta mca confirmajfe
Philippo de Seaton terram m& fttit patris fui fcizj. Seaton, Wmton,
Winchclburgh tenendam pbi ^ h&redibus fuis de me ^ h&redibiis
meis in feudo ^ htreditate, in bofco ^ piano, in terris ^ aquis in
prat is CT pafcuis, (S" in omnibus earundem terrarum jtijlis pertinentiis,
cum face a ($" focca, thol ^ them infangentheif, cttm furca ^ fojfa,
Mere ^ quiet e^ pUnarie'^ honor tfiee^ per fervit turn unius mtlitis.

Tefiantibus

Vol. J II one of the Senators of the College of fiijl ice. joQ

Tcf ant thus 2).Davide Fratre meoComtede Huntingtoim, Diincnno j;^^^^
fuflitinrto, Richardo ^^ ^oxviA Confiabtdarw, Waltero OliFcio ^?V^
Jtifitiario, Alano Dapifero, Waltero de Berkley CimerariOy Wil-
Jielmo de Lindlky, Richardo de Munfer, Joanne dc Lundun apitd
Scrivlinc!;. He married Helen, Daughter ro tiie Earl of Mirch.

His Son Alexander Senton died in the i\6 Year oF Kine; Willia^ns
Reign, which was the Year of our Lord izri, and King William
gave to him a ne\y Charter of Jnfcftment of his Lands oi Seaton,
Wmton and Winchburgh, the Tenor of which is as follows.

Williclmus Dei Gratia Rex Scotorum,' Epifcopis d/dhhatihus,
Comitibtis, Baronihs, jHfticiariis, Vicecomttibus, Prxpoftis, Mimfns
(f omnibus probts hominious tottus terra Jh a ; Clem is CST Laicts Jalntem.
SciiUis prxfentes ^ fiituri me concejjijje (jf hac Carta mea confirmajje
Alcxandro///o Philippi de Seaton terram qiu fuit rhilinpi patris
fni fcilicct Seaton, Winton ^Winchelbur^li tenendam fik ^ h^re-
dibus fuis de me &" hxredibus meis in fcndo ^ ktreditate, in bofcho
^ piano, in t err is ^ acquis, in prat is (f pafcuis, inMorits ^ Morefiis
in Stagnis ^ Mokndims Per reilas divifas prAdidariim terrarum,
^ cum omnibus alt is ad pr Adidas terras jufle pertinentibus mm
[ace a ^ focca, cum tol ^ them ^ infangenthcif^ cum furca (^
fo'Ja, libere ^ quiete, plen.irie honor ifice, per fervitium- unius'militis
ficut carta mea patri fuo inde fada teflatur. Tejlibus Hu^rone Can-
cellario meo, Willhelmo de Morvel Conftabulario, Roberto de Qiiinfi,
Alsinofilio Walteri Dapifcro, Philippo de Vallence Camerario, Sicro
de Q^uinci, Wilhielmo de Haia, Joanne de Haftings, Roberto de
Berkley, Davide de Haia, Wilhielmo Flandrenfi, Herberto Maref-
callo, apud Vox^SLX XFJ Die Junii. He married fean, Dauf^hter to
Walter Barclay, Chamberlain to King William.

To aAlexander fucceeded his Son 'Bartime, wiio married Mar-
garet, Daughter to William Cuming Great Juftice : To this Bartime
Patrick Earl ot March gave the Lands of Rochlaw, which Gift was
conHrmed by King William : He died in the Reign of Kin^^ Alex-
ander II.

To Bartime fucceeded his Son yidam, a Matter Clerk, who mar-
ried Janet Gtford, Dau;;hter to Hugh Lord Tez^ter : He died in the
Reign of King Alexander III.

To oAdam fucceeded his Son Chriflal, who married Mauld
Piercie, Daughter to Ingram Ptercte : He died in the Year of our
Lord 1179.

To him fucceeded his Son Chnflal or Chriftopher Seaton, who
was (mc of thofe Worthies that join'd Sir William Wallace in the
J)efciKc of his Country againft the Englifh ; he was obliged to
leave his own Houfe, and to retire for Shelter to the Forreft oi Jed-
burgh ; during which Time he performed many brave A<5fions
againd the Englifl) ; amongft the reft, with 40 of his Name and
i-ricnds, he deleat Eight (core of them, the Particulars oi which
Adtion are at large defcribed in the Hiftory of Sir William Wallace :
He married Agner, Daughter to Patrick Earl of March, and died

G g g before

210 TIjc Life of Sir K I CHARD MAITL ANJ)o/"LicIi)ngton. Vol. Iff.
before Sir Williaw IVitllace was betrayed. His Son Sjr ChriflopUr wai

Oa/\*r\

*AAj one of the biavcfl: Gentlemen of^ lii"; Age, and was tallcJ,- '['ijc ^oorl
Sir Chrilloplicr, for the many brave Actions that lie did, in Delcncc
of his Country, againfl the Engltjh ; for he was one of the lirft who
joined King Robert Bruce, and was prefenc at his Coron.ition in
the Month of oydpril at Scoon, in the Year 1 306, And at tlic Hartlc
of (iMethven, when the King was taken Prifoncr, and the lin^^li/h
were in Derifion, calling to the Scots to relcuc their new Kini!; :
Sir Chrijlopher, with his Followers, came to the Place where tfie
King was, aiid ftruck the Fellow dead with his own Hand, who had
the King in his Arms, and (et him at Liberty. For this, and his
other noble Actions, theKing knighted him, and gave him his Siflcr
ChrifthVi Bruce in Marriage, with the Honour of adding to his
Arms the double Trellure of Flour de Lis ; the paternal Coat of
this noble Family being [a) Or, three Crefcents with a double Tre-
fure, count erhivered Gules. At length this brave Gentleman was
taken Prifoncr by the EngliPi in the Caftle of Lindores, and belica-
ded upon a little Eminence or rifing Ground hard by 'Dumfries,
v/herc, not long afterwards, King Robert cauled found a Chappcl
in Honour of the blelfed Virgin, and in Commemoration of Sir
Chriftopher and his Sifter, allowing a yearly Penfion of (\vc Pound
Sterling to a Prieft for faying Ma(s for their Souls, as it appears from
the Charter of Eredfion which is in the Lawyers Library ; where,
amongft other Exprellions, is this; ^_ff/<^ Chriftophorus miles diledus,
mortuus eft in Jervitio noflro, ^ Chriftiana Bruce fponfa fua, nofira
dile^aforor. That is to fay, Becaufe our beloved Knight C/jr/-
fiopher died in our Service, and that Chriflian Bruce his Wife was
our beloved Sifter. The Englifh not only took this brave Gentle-
man's Life, but they forcfaulted him of all his Lands, both in Scot-
land and England : And Dugdal tells us(b), That his Englifh Eftare
was oi as great Value as that which he had in Scotland.

To "ood Sir Chrifiopher fucceeded his Son Sir ^Alexander, not
only in his Eftate which was reftoied to him bj^ the King, but like-
wife in his Valour and Loyalty ; and I have feen an Indenture in
the Year of our Lord U08, wherein this Sir Alexander, Sir Gilbert
Hay and Sir Neil Campbell agree upon defending King Robert Bruce s
Right to the Crown, to the laft Minute of their Lives ; and this
they folemnly fwore to do upon the Sacrament at Cambuskenneth,
and their Seals are appended to it in green Wax, with the Seal of
Galfrid Abbot of Cambuskenneth. The Words of this Indenture
are,

Conventum fuit ^ concordatum inter nobiles JOominum Alexan-
drum de Seaton, militem ^ Vominum Gilbertum de Haya, militem
C$* Dominum Nigellum Campbell, militem apud c^onaflerium de
Cambuskenneth, 9 Septembris, cpui ta^a jacrofandfa Euchariflia
magnoque juramento data jurarunt fe debere libertatem regni (^
Rolperti nuper Regem coronatum contra omnes tnortales Francos,

Anizlos

(«) ViJ. Mt. Nisbtl": Mirk5 of CaJjncy, Pjg. 189. (i) Toir. i. P«p. 1\6.

VoL J II. one of the Senators of the College of Juflice. 2.1 1

An:;los ^ Scotos defendere ufque ad tdtimmn terminum 'Vtt&'^^
i^jorur,!. *-'%^^

Tiiis brave Gentleman was killed oppoHng £JcyrTr<^ 5j///W ar liis
fiifl landing at Kinghor?t, as our Author fays ; but our Hiftorians
fay, tliat it was at the Battle oi Duplin, both wliich happened in the
Year 1352., being the fecond Year of King Difuid Bmces Reign.
This Gentleman married Jfol^el M^Dujf'., Daughter to Duncan
M'^DfifffEcid o^ Fife, and tor his valour and Loyalty got feveral
Charters, befides thefe of Confirmation^of liis ancient Heritage,
ere(fling it not only in a free Barony, but in Liberam ivcirrenam in
perpetuum, difcharging all Perfons to hunt, hawk or fifh within the
Barony, without Confent or Allowance of him and -his Succeffors,
dated at ^^rcwV^ the lOth oi oApril, the i6th Year of King i^oZ-frf
iBruces Jleign ; and by another Charter of the lame Date, the Town
of Seciton is made a free Burgh of Barony ; and by a Charter at
Duwferrnling, Date the i6th of "January, the i8th Year of his
lleign, he grants to the faid Town oi Seaton the Liberty of having
a weekly Market every Lord's Day after Mafs : This King likewile
grants to this Sir Alexander feveral Lands, fuch as thofe of Faufide,
£lphinJ}on, and that Part of the Barony oiT^ranent poflefled by the
Fcrrars, and the Lands of Dimdajs, with the 'villa Pajjagti Regin^,
or the §lueens Ferry : And by another Charter he gives him the
whole Superiority of the Barony of Cragie ; all which Cliarters I
have feen in the prefent Earl of Wintons Cuftody. But to fhow
what the French Language was at that Time, I fhall here infert a
Copy of a French Charter to this Sir Alexander, of the Lands of
'Barns, " Rok. par la Grace de Dieu, d' Efcofe, a toutis les benes
" gentz de tute fa Tre falutz, fachez, ^en la pTencc de nre plein
" confail a vomes gnate, qe por nule ordenance repTe qe fa puife
" faire deforenanant de noz demandes, qe la donn qe noz avonis
" fet a nra Foial, a Loial Alexandre de Seton, Chevalier, por fon
*' bon fervicc en Hicrland e en Efcorfe de tre del Bernes, oue les
" aportenances pres de Hadtngtone, de la place diu molyn entre
*' Hadyngton ales fonemes q'efl: appelle Bejlmillne he fa teigne ferma
" e cftable a towz jours en teifmignance de quen Chofe aceftes noz
" Cres a voms fet mettre nre feal pees. Tefmoignes le Honourable
" pier en Dieu fire William par la Grace de Dieu Evefq's de Seint
" Andrews, Duncan Count de Fjfe, Thomas Randolf Count de
" Huriffe Seign de val de oAnnande de Manne Walter Seign de Efco-
" Z'^ff"' James Seign de Douglafs et Robr. de lieth Chevaliers. Done
" a Berwick fur Twede, la XXVI Jour de JMaiz L'An de nre rgne
" quatorziemc.

l^y this Charter we find, that this Gentleman had been very
fcrviccablc to the King in Ireland.

To this, Sir Alexander fucceeded his Son Sit Alexander, who was
the famous Govcrnour of the Caftle of 'Berwick, who fujffered his
two Sons to be hanged by King Edward, when he laid Siege to the
Town of Berwick, rather than betray his King and Country : Tlio

G g g I Hiftory

z 1 1 The Life of Sir RICHARD MAITLAND of Lhhin'^iou, Vol. /If.

ry^ Hiftory oF Iiis Valour, and his Behaviour on this extraordinary ()c-
^'^ cadoji, is llilly related by all our Hiftorians ; but our Autlior blames
them extremely lor their making his Lady to be the main Occaflon
of tliis Heroick AdUon ; whereas he fays, the contrair is plain from
her Speech to him in her Chamber, after that barbarous A(^tion
liad been committed by King Edward : But wiiatevcr Truth is in
this, it is certain, that this Lady, whofe Name was Chriflinn Chaynr,
defbrves to have her Name tranfmitted to Pofterity, with the largeft
Encomiums for her Behaviour upon this Occafion. She bore four
Sons to him, Thomas and William, who were put to Death at Bcr-
zvick by King Edward; (*/dlexander who fucceedcd to his Father,
and John who married the Heirefs of Tarhorh : Upon which our
Author takes the Occafion of giving an Account of the Family of
Farbroth from their firft Rife till the Year 1 580. This Sir Alexander
died towards the latter End of King David's Reign, having lived
to a great Age, and lies buried in the Church of Scaton.

To this Sir uilexandtr fucceeded his Son Sit Alexander the Third
of that Name, who lived in the Reign of King Robert I. of th.e
Race of Stewart : Our Author does not tell us whom he married,
but he fays, that y^llan Lord oiWinton ravifhed a Daughter of his
in the Year 1335. His Son Sir Alexander the Fourth of that Name
married Jean Halibiirton of Dirlton, and lived to a good Age, and
was buried in the Church of Seaton.

His Son Sir William was created Lord Seaton by King Robert IIL
He married Katharin Sinclair, a Daughter of Hermijlons, with
whom he had feven Daughters and two Sons ; his eldefl: Daughter
was married to the Lord ^arnly, his fecond to the Lord Kennedy^
the third to the PredecefTbr of the Earl of ^irly, the fourth to the
Predeceflbr of the Lord Carlijle, the fifth to Haddin of Glenefhies,
tlie fixth to Hamilton of Prejlon, and the feventh to Lander of
Tople ; he defigned to have married his eldeft Son John to die
Heretrix of Gordon and Strathbogie ; but he being in Love with a
Daughter of the Earl of ey'kfarch's, he married her privately without
his Father's Confent; and behaving the Ward of that Lady's iMar-
riage from the King, he gave her to his fecond Son ^lexander^
who had two Sons with her, Alexander, the firft Earl of Hantly^
and Wtliiam, who married the Heirefs of (^Meldrum. This
Alexander Seaton firft Earl of Huntly married Giles Hay Here-
trix of the EnZjie, and feveral other Lands, and had but one Son
with her, Alexander Seaton of Touch and Tilibody, of whom the
prefent Laird of Touch is lineally defcended ; but having married
tor his fecond Wife (^Margaret Crichton, Daughter to the Lord
Crichton, by her Perfuafion he gave all his Lands of Strathbogie,
the Enz,ie, ^c. to her Son George, and made him Earl of Huntly.
Upon this Occafion our Author makes a Digre/Iion concerning the
Succeftion of the Families of Huntly, Touch, Meldrum, Sutherlandy
and other Branches of this Family : This Lord William died in a
good Age, and lies buried in the Cordelier Friars at Haddington, to

which

Vol. III. one of the Senators of the College of Jujlice. 2.1?

which lie moicified /Ix Load of Coals tveckly from liis Coal Pit ac^^-^^"^
Tranent, and forty Sliillings annually out of his Lands of Bams. '^V^

To Lord Wtllit-m fucceedcd his Son Lord John, wlio was made
Maftcr of the Houfhold to King James I. and (ent by that Monarch
to France ro accompany his Daughter, who was married to the
Daiiphtn upon the 14th o^ June 143(5. After his Return to Scotland
be died, and lies buried in the Church of Seaton, in the Ifle foun-
ded by his Mother ; he had a Daughter who was married to the
Eail ot Mar ifc ha I.

To Lord John fucceeded his Son Lord George in the 9th Year of
his A"e ; tlie Lord Crichton being then Governour of the Caftleof
Edinburgh, got him in keeping, which liiglilydifpleafed his Mother,
the Laird of John fl on falling in Love with his Mother, found the
Means to convoy iiim fecretly out of the Caftle to his Country Seat
at Lochzvood m Annandale, and afterwards reftoied Jiim to his Mo-
ther ; which was fo obliging to her, that he obtained his Defian
and got her in Marriage. Tiiis Nobleman was a Perfon of oreac
Hofpitality; he was twice married, firft to the Daughter and Heir
of John Earl of Buchan Conftable of France, who was killed at the
Battle of Verno^l, with xvdiom he had two Sons, fohn and T>uo-ald,
and a Daughter called Chrijlian : John was married to a Daughter
ot the Lord Lindfay ot Bayars, who bore to him three Sons and
one Daughter: Dongald his fecond Son died without Kfue, and his
Daughter Chrifttan was married ro Hugh Douglafs of Corehead ; his
fecond Lady was Chrijlian Murray, Daughter to the Laird of Tii/i-
bardin, with whom he had no Iffue : He died in tlie Reign of Kina
Jafnes III. and lies buried in the Quire of the Black Friars 0I
Edinburgh, to whom he mortified 20 Merks annually, to be paved
out ot the Lands of Flartjide and the Clints.

To this Lord Gebrge fucceeded George the fecond of that Name,
Son to John M^fietot Seaton, who died in his Father's Time. This
Nobleman was a Perfon of great Learning, and was well feen in
rhilofophy, Theology, Mufick and the Mathematicks, efpecially
in Aftrology and Mufick, and a great Lover of all learned Men,
but was much addided to his Ple'afures, having had many natural
Sons and Daughters. After his Marriage he went to the Univerfity
of St. Andrews, where he ftudied for fome Years, and from thence
to tiie Univerfity of Paris, where he ftudied likewife fbr feveral
Years -.As he was gping to France, he was taken by a Dunkirk Pri-
vateci', that robbed and fpoiled him of all that belonged to him;
for )vWicU, upon his Return to Scotland, he bought a Shfp called the
Eagle, whicli he caufed to be well mann'd, and maintained. them
upon hisown Lxpcnces tor feveral Years cruizing upon th.e Coaft of
'Dunkirk, to the great Damage of the Iniiabita'nts,, and of hi<rown
Lllacc, being obliged to mortgage feVeral of his Landj fdf- that
Purpofe He married the Earl of Ar^yUs cldeft Daughter, wlro
bore to hini tluce Sons, Gcofge,'\>j\\o{ucCQcdQd W\m, Robert,, ^vha
died ^1 OUiccr in the Frtnch Service in the Gatlle of MtUain^-'Viho

H h h had

21+ rijeUfeofStr RICHART)MAITLAND o/Litl.ington, Vol. [//.

f^^"^^ had two Sons, WiUtam^nd yiUxander; the laft of which was mar"
^^^"^y^ ried to f^tnet Sinclair Heretrix of Norrig and third of t^oram :
His third Son died without IfTue. He had likewife two Daughters,
the elded of which, Q^argarety was married to fVillinm Maitland
of Lithington, and was our Author's Mother ; and rhe fecond, Kn-
tharin, died a Nun of the Sifters of the Sheim near Edinburgh in the
78 Year of her Age. He builded the Place oiWinton, and quartered
the Earl oi' Bhchans Arms with his own, as reprefenting that Family
bv his Grand-mother. He died in the lOth Year of the Reign of
King James IVth, and lies buried in the Qiiire of the Church of
Seat on, at the High Altar.

To him fucceeded his Son George, the Third of tiiat Name ; a
wife and valiant Nobleman, and in great Efteem with King 7ames
IV. By his wife and prudent Management he redeemea all the
Lands that liad been wadfet by his Father, and was killed at the
Battle of Flondony figbting for his King and his Country in the
Year 1 51 5. He married Jean Hepburn, DsiimUter to Patrick Hep-
burn Earl of Bothwell, who bore to him three Sons and a Daughter :
The eldeft of his Sons George died an Infant ; the fecond, called
alfo George, fucceeded to his Father, the third oArchtbald died in
tiie 1 5th Year of his Age. His Daughter <i5Wrtr;o« was firft married
to Arthur Mafter of JBorthzvick, to whom fhe had no Children :
After his Death fhe married Hugh Earl of Eglington. This Noble-
man's Corps was brought from Boudon, and buried befide his Father
in the Quire of the Churcli of Seaton. His Daughter had feveral
Children to the Earl of Eglington, who were all of them honou-
rably married, and his Lady remained a Widow all her Life, per-
forming many noble Adls of Charity, of which our Author gives a
long Account.

George, the Fourth of that Name, was a Nobleman much given
to all Sorts of Recreation, but withal very frugal in his Expences,
having purchafed feveral Lands to his Eflate, and was, as all his
Predecelfors had been, firm and loyal to his Kin^ and Country, for
which the EngUpi burnt his Palace at Seaton, fpoiled and plundered
the Church, taking away all the Bells, Organs and Veftments be-
longing to the Altar, in the Month of May 1 544. And the next
Year, upon the 17th of ^w/j he died, and was buried in the Abbacy
of Ctilrofs ; but after the Englijh were expelled the Country, he was
tranfported from Culrojs to the Church of Seaton. He was twice
married, firft to Eliz^abeth Hay, Daughter to Lord John Hay of
Tejler, who bore to him two Sons, and five Daughters : His eldefl
Son George fucceeded to him, his fecond Son John married the
Heretrix of Carrijlon ; his eldeft Daughter Jean died in the fecond
Year of her Age, the fecond, called Marion, was married to John
Earl of Monteith, the third, called Margaret, was married to the
La.\Td of Rejlalrig, and died without Children ; the fourth, Beatrix,
was married to the eldeft Son and Heir of Sir Walter Ogihie of
VmtagHS, and the fifth, Helenory to Hi*gh Mafter of Sommerwl-

His

Vol. III. one of the Senators of the College of Jt^ftice. 115

His fecond Lady was a French Woman, who came to Scotland ^^f)^
with Queen e/^ary, in the Station of one of her Maids of Honour, ^A/*w
and was called Marie Piers, who had two Sons to him, and one
Daughter^ To this Nobleman fucceeded, as we have faid, hisSoa
George, the Fifth of that Name ; he was fent by his Father, when
younj^, tO'France, where he had his Education; and upon his Father's
Deacfi he returned to Scotland, and married JJobcl Hamilton, Daugh-
ter to Sir WtUiam Hamilton of Sanquhar, one of the Senators of the
College of Juftice, and Governour of the Caftle of £<^/»^«r^/;, and
of Katharin Kennedy, Daughter to the Earl of Cajjils, in tlie Year
1557. He was one of the Ambaffadors fent over to France by the
Eftates of Parliament, to negotiate the Marriage betwixt Queen
lidary and the Dauphin of France, which was agreed to, and perfot-
med in the Church of Notre-Dame at Parts, upon the 14th of
^pril 1 558 : And for his good Service done in this Negotiation,
the King of France made him one of the Gentlemen of his Bed-
chamber, with a yearly Penfion of ZOO Franks, and gave him a rich
Prefent of Silver-Plate : All which is inftruded by the Writs of tiie
Family, ftill extant in the Cuftody of the prefent Earl. After tiiis
he returned to Scotland, and lived privately at his Palace of Seaton
till the Year 1 560, tliat the Engltfj entred the Country with an Army
of 2000 Horfe and 6000 Foot, upon which he retired to the Queen's
Army at Letth, and tlie Englip) burnt his Palace of Seaton. The
Lords of the Congregation having rifen in Rebellion againft Queen
Mary, and imprifoned her in the Caftle of Lochlevin, he joined
with fuch of the Nobility as declared themfelves for the Queen at
Hamilton, and her Ma)efty putting an entire Truft in him, not only
upon the Account of his Family, which had never been ftain'd witli
Rebellion, but upon his own perfonal Merit, fhe acquainted and
intruded him with her Defign of makin^her Efcape from Lochlevin^
which he faithfully and fuccefsfully performed upon the fecond Da;^
of c^ay 1 5d8. He was taken Prifoner at the Battle of Langfide,
where he was one of the Commanders of die left Wing of the Queen's
Army : Not long after this he was fet at Liberty, and the King of
Spain having ordered the Duke DAha to fupply the Queen's Friends
againfl: the Rebels, and he having accordingly fent fome Money and
warlike Provifions to them, this Nobleman was fent Ambaflador
from the Queen, with the Confent of her Friends, to the Duke
VAlva, to return her Majefty's Thanks and theirs, and to tr^- what
further could be done for her : Accordingly he went over to Flanders
in the Year 1 570, and was very civily and and kindly received by
the Duke, notwithlhnding that he was naturally of a fullen and
morofe Temper; and having by his dexterous Management gained
the Duke's Favour, he told him (a), That he had a Projed, which
if he would concur and aflift him in, would not only be a confide-
rable Piece of Service done to the King of Spam his Mafter, but to
his Royal and diftreflcd Miftris Queen Mary, and that was, that hei

H U h 1 fliould

t*; Ut C»«wf. Mtm, V'l- 1J4.

Zl6 The Life of Sir RICH AKD M A ITL A NDo/Lithington, Vol. /If-

r^^^^-^ flioLilJ alllll; Iiim with Money, to gain over to his Service all the
^■^ Scots that were in tlic Service of the Dutch, which he would iinclcr-
takc to do, liaving the Chara(fter of reprcfenting IiisKoyal Miflris,
and that he would fiimmon them to (ervc him upon their Allegi-
ance, and fuch of them as would not yield in Loyalty, he would
endeavour to gain by Money ; and all that he required of him for
this Piece of Service, was, that Ten thdufand Men Ihould be Tent to
Scotland for the Qiieen's Service. The Duke was very well pleafed
with the Propolal, and acquainted his Mafter the K'mgo^ Spain of
it, as a Matter of great Import for putting an End to the Wars of
the ISlethcrlands ; but becaufe the Duke could not fpare fo many
A!en at that Time, he was willing to advance' him Money for pay-
iil" Ten thouiand Men for half a Year. This being agreed betwixt
them, my Lord^ViT/ow went ftrcight to Holland, and by his prudent
and wife Manac!;ement, was juft upon the Point of efrecfbuaring his
Dcfl^n, when tiie States were informed of it ; and being brought
before them, and Witnefl'es called to prove what was laid to nis
Charge, he told them that he was AmbafTador from the Queen of
Scotland, and that fuch Mercenary Rafcals as were brought to witnefs
af^ainft him, ought not to be fuflained, and he appealed to the
Lord Confer vator as Judge ordinary for his Queen : Upon
this they thrcatned him with the Rack, unlefs he difcovered
his Accomplices ; but he boldly told them, that they durfl not do
it, being the AmbalTltdor of a cro\i'ned Head, it being againfl the
Law of Nations to treat Perfons of his Character in fuch an unworthy
Manner ;* and at the fame Time the Scots Officers and Soldiers fur-
rounded the Houfe, and demanded the Prifoner, otherwife they
would go in a Body and loin the SpaniJI; Genera}; but if they would
fet my Lord at Liberty, tliey would continue faithful in their Service.
Upon which he was fet at Liberty, and the King of Spain upon thei
failure of this Attempt, could not be prevailed upon to advance the
fix Months Pay he had promifed, his own Affairs in Flanders leaving
no Room for his Affiflance to Foreigners. OurHiflorians have re-
prefented this Adtion as a foolifh Adl, and inconfiderate Attempt,
and that when he was brought before the States, he told them that
he declined fuch infamous Rebels as they were to be his Judges, and
that when the Rack was prefented to him, he did not plead upon the
Privilege of an Ambaffador, but faid, that it was a mere Mockery,
and that they durfl not proceed in earnefl : But this is altogether
improbable, for had he been fo foolifh as they reprefent him, it is
not to be thought that ever he would have been employed in any
publick Negotiations afterwards ; whereas by an authentick Extracft
of a Licence to him and his Son, in the prefent Earl of Wtntoris
Cuflody, under the Hand of a publick Notar, ¥.\n^ James Yl. that
excellent and wife Prince, grants the Liberty to this Lord George,
and his Son Alexander Lord Commendator of Plufcardin to g,o to
France, or other Parts beyond Seas, and there to remain for /even
Years if they thought fit upon the King's Affairs i and his Aiajefty

takes

Vol. Ill om of the Senators of the College of fuflice. iij

takes his Lands, Vaflkls, Tenants, and othets belontlins untoliimTy^
iindet his Protecliion, and dilchargcs all Anions Criminal or Civil ^-'V^
ugai.ift thcni, raifed or to be raifed during their Abfence : And this
is given under the King's Hand at Stirling upon the Z9th Day of
Oifol;er 1 585. And accordingly he went in Quality of Anibaltador
to Henry III King of France, and performed what was committed
to his Charge, to the Satisfaction of both the Kings ; and leturninz
to his own Country, died in great Honour and Reputation in the
Year 1 585. He had by his Lady four Sons and one Daughter ; his
eldeft Son Rohrt who fucceeded to him, was created Earl oiWinton
by King James VI. His fecond Son Sir "John Seaton of Barns was
one of the Lords of his Majefty's Privy Council, and Lord High
Treafurer oi Scotland. His third Son. jllexander Larl of Dumferm-
ling, and Chancellor of Scotland, we fhall have Occafion to give an
Account of afterwards : And his fourth Son Sir William was Sheriff
of Lothian, and Warden of the Scots and Englifh Borders. His
Daughter Margaret was married to Lord Claud Hamilton, Son to
tlie Duke of Chatelherault, and Mother to fames, the firft Lord
cAhercorn. Our Author ends his Hiftory of this noble Family with
the Account of this Lord Seaton ; to whicii I fhall only add, that he
builded the Palace of Seaton more magnificent than ever it had been
before, after it had been thrice burnt by the Engli/h, and that he
lies buried in the Church of Seaton, under a Marble Tomb, on
wiiich is engraven the following Epitaph, wrote by his Son the
Chancellor-

D. O. M.

AD auf1:rale facelli hujus Latus condita funt corpora Georgii
Setonii, & IJabelU Hamiltonia, nobiliflimarum & asterna
Mcmoria ditzniilimarum animarum domicilia.

Georgiris hoc nomine quintus Setonii Dommws & Familiar princeps
Latifundia 6c rem a majonbus traditam, difficillimis Reipublicx rem-
poribus, honorifice tenuit & ampliavit, facobo quinto regnante natus,
Adolefcens cum in Galiis ageret patre optimo oibatus, ad fuos
rcverfus brevi poft regni ordinum decreto eodem remittitur, ubique
unus legatorum Mari& Rcginx & Francijci Francis Delphini : nuptias
& antiqua Gallorum Scotorumque fxdera fancivit, firmavitque, Do-
mum regrelfus religionis & facrorum Innovatione bcllis tum exter-
nis tum civilibus flagrantem patriam invenit, cum in Scotia, An^lus^
Gallufojuc, Gcrmnnus & Hifpanus, Scoti etiam inter fe dimicarent. i^des
(iias bis tcrve ahyinglis incenfiis & funditusdcletas, devaflatis etiam
pr.cdiis omnibus, in ampliorem denuo fplendidiorcmque formam
reflituit, in omnem forcunam liber femper & intrepidus, trucidato
apcrditifliiuis hominibus Regc, ada in cxilium Regma, a principum
j)arcibus,ma)()rum more, Temper conftans (Ictir, flvpc in cxilium adus,
&c bonis omnibus cxutus, cjuTmodi calamitates, Hdei iri patriam&:
veros principes teftes forti anihio non modo tulit fed fprevit &
fupciuvJc. Tandem ab Jacobo fcxco, cujus aufpiciis, prudcntia 6c

I i i con-

21 8 97jg Life of Sir RICHARDMAITLAND o/Lidiington, Vol. ///.

/»v^> ronfiliis Scotta procellis omnibus & difficultatibus libcrara, fplcn-
t%,^ dori fiio rcfticuta eft, ipfe ctiam honorificc pro meritis acccptiis 6c
habitus, majorum ("uorum locum &; dionitatem terniit, primurquc
ab CO ad Henr. III. Galliarum Rcgem Icgatus cum aniplininiis ad
tbrmandam amicitiam mandatis mittitur, quo in muncrc cum gra-
tam acccptamquc utriquc principum operam navarct, Icthalem ipfl
mortem aiueadtx vitx labores adfcrunt, in patriam redit, intra men-
fem ad fuperos migrat VI. Id. Jan. Ann. Dom. MDLXXXV. a-tat.

tircitcr LV.

Domina IJalella Hamiltonia NobililTimis parent'bus nata, Patrc
Nimirum D. WiUielmo de Sanc^nhar, cquite & matre Catharina
Kennedie CafjilijjtA comitis filia, ipfa Forma, moribus, omnibufquc
turn animi turn corporis dotibus inlignis, & inter a;quales pra:ftan.s,
Ceorgium luinc Setonii Dominum maritum nada, in adverfis illi
omnibus ad)umento &c fclatio, in profperis ornamento fuit ; conjugi
charillimo viginti duos annos Tuperftes, cum communibus liberis
libcraliter &: lonjundiflime vixit, quicquid a marito fortunarum
acceperar cum natisamanter communicavit, eorumqueconatus om-
nes, &: honefta ftudia bonis fuis Fovit & promovit, ncc cxiguos
pietatis liujus & maternx charitatis frudlus vivens percepit liberorum
muncribus dignitatibus &: ornamentis ipfa quoque clarior &c illu-
ftrior donee (enio & articulorum doloribus morbifque afflida Deo
animam reddidit. II. Id. Novem. Ann. Dom. MDCVl. Annum
agens circiter LXXV.

Tarn Claris parentibus orta eft hxc foboles Robertus Setonius
primogcnitus & primus WintoniA Comes hoc titulo ob propria 6c
majorum merita a Jacob fexto ornatus-

Joannes Eques eidem Regi in primis cliarus, ab intimis confiliis,
quxftura & pluribus muneribus au(flus, in flore a:tatis e vivis fublatus,
liberis tamen relicftis.

oAlexander multis annis fenator, & ab intimis confiliis turn prin-
ceps Senatus ab ipfo ordine eledus demum a Rege prudentiilimo,
qui primus Scottam, ^ngliamque in unum contulit dominatum,
utriufque Rcgni confiliorum particeps, Fermilodtini Comes^ 6c Regni
Scotia fa(5tus eft Cancellarius.

WiUielmus Eques, Louthonia Vicecomes, 6c unus turn Scotixy turn
jingliii limitum e prxfedtis & procuratoribus.

Q^argareta Filia Claudio Hamiltonio Pajleti Domino nupta,
Jacobi primi Abercornii mater, totiufque illius profapix fratrum
Tbrorumque didli comitis foecunda parens.

Hxc pofteri norint, 6c tanti viri, fpedataeque adeo fccmince me-
moriam colant, virtutes ajmulentur bonis moribus.

Alagnorum virorum memoria non minus utilis eft quam pracfentia]

A. S. F. C F. F. A. S. MDCX.

Mr. Forbes in his Preface to his Colle(5lions of the Decifions 9f
the Lords of theSeflion tells us, that there is ftillin MS. a Collcifbion
of their DecifioDS made by our Author, trom the 1 5th of Pecember

1550,

Vol. 111. one of the Senators of the College of Jufitce. no

1 550, till the 30th of July i '^6') : And the BiHiop of Carltjle gives ^^
us an Account of a large Volume of" Poems wrote oy him ; wherein

586.

fome of the moft remarkable Revolutions towards theEn(3 of Qiiccn
M.irys Reign are paHionately confldered and refleded oil, and tlie
JVliferies of the Civil War, which brought in the /rcw/7 on the one
Side, and the Englijh on tile other Side, are recorded in a very
lamentable Manner, fhowing how fatal the prevailing of the Auxi-
liaries on either Side may probably prove to the Liberties of Scot-
land; here is likewife a frank Admonition to the Earl o( Mar, upon
his being advanced to the Regency, wherein the great Wifdom and
Loyalty of his Anceftors are recommended to his Imitation, and
fucli a vertuous Condud propofed, as the noble Poet thinks nioft
becoming fo high a Station j but he particularly difluades him from
calling in the Englijh upon any Occafion whatfomever, and lays
before him the ancient Behaviour of their Saxon PredecefTors, who
vanquifhed and enflaved thofe Britons who had craved their AfTI-
ftance. In this Collection there are three Poems on the Cafe of the
Earl of Northumberhmd, who had fled into Scotland for Sanduary,
but was delivered back upon mercenary Terms. The firfl: of tliefe
Poems is called, oAn Exclamation made in England, upon the Deli-
njerance of the f^r/o/'Nortliumberland furth of Lochlevin, ciuhd
immediately thereafter was execute in York : In which are a great
many fevere Things faid on the Treachery of that Management.
The fecond Poem is a Sort of a Reply to the foregoing, and is in-
tituled, Tloe ydnfwer to the Englifh Ballad^ tho' it is only a general
Vindication of the Nation againft the Villainy of a few mercenary
Lords. The third is a further Satyr againft tliofe mercenary Lords,
who were concerned in that fcandalous Fa(5f:, unworthy in it felf,
and contrary to the Pradice and Generofity of their Anceftors, who
as he fays, Always affed honourably on the like Occafions, as might
he inflamed in the Cafes of many great Lords, T>ukes and KtngSy
who in their Diftrefs fled to Scotland for their Refuge, and were
prote£{ed.

Qjfhofe Luc was gude they came not at Lochlevin. This excellent hu D»tk
Perfbn died upon the firft of April 1 58(5, much lamented by all '^^ "
that knew him ; being a Man of an excellent Temper, great Lear-
nine, a loyal Subjed to his Princefs and Country, a good Lawyer
and Poet, and well Teen in the Antiquities of our Nation.

The Catalogue of his Works.

I. '^HE Hiflory of the Family o/"Winton MS. penes Com. dt

u. Winton, in i\to.

II. The "Decifions of the Lords of the Seffionfrom i$th 0/" December

1 550, tiU the 30/A 0/ July 1 56$ MS. in Btbi. J. C Edin. in Folio.
IIL Poems on jeveral Stibjeift MS. penes, D. Sani. Pepy's Arniig. in
Folto.

till THE

ClM^

ZIP Vc.l. ff/.

An. M-:.

^««•^/^ THE

LlFEof Sir WILLI AM MAITLAN7)
of Lithi?jgton^ Secretary to Queen Mary,

HIS Gentleman was el deft Son to Sir Richard

His Biith, '^ H ^ c^aithncl^ of whom we have given an Account:

""" After he had finifhcd the Courfe of his Studies in

t'Z'-

liis own Country at the Univcrfity of St. y^nclreus,

he was fent by his Parents to France, where he

ftudied tlie Civil Law, and was much favoured by Queen a^ary^
t^^\ltvX. then married to the T>olphin. At his Return from France, he found
termet.ts. ^|^^ Countty divided into Fadlions, upon the Account of the Refor-
H.join.themation, and he joined with the Qiieen Recent againft the Refor-
^■nrbuV "lei's ' but in the Year i 559, when the Rebels befieged her at Letth,
they were upon the Point of raifing the Siege, had thev not been
encouraged by him, who in the Night-time came out of Leith and
he betrays joined tlicm ; and at a Meeting of the Rebels at Stirling the fame
uhofcnd'h'm "''e*'^'"' '"^ was agreed that he and Robert Meht I, Brother to the Laird
"f £»%'/" ^^ R^'th ftould be fent to the Qiieen of England to reprefent their
i'mpb,e"'hcr Cafe, and to implore her Aid and Affiftance; and he was fo fuccefs-
ful in his Negotiation, tliat he brought them the joyful News of
her firm Love and Favour to them and their Caufe, with a Promife
of a Supply of Men and Money to them, according to the Agree-
ment that fhould be made betwixt the Duke of Northfolk. and them,
who was ordered to meet tliem at Berwick.

In the Beginning of the Year 1 560, in a Meeting of the Rebels
at Cozvpar in Fife, tliey made Choice of him as one of the Com-
Heisfcntby midloners to treat with the Duke of Northfolk; and having embar-
lo'r«t''«Iiii ked upon the Coaft of Fife, they came to Berwick about the Begin-
J];^,^",i'°' ning of February, wliere an Agreement was made betwixt Thomas
Duke of Northfolk Earl Marifchal of England, and Lieutenant to
the Queen's Majefty in the North, in Name and Behalf of the High
and Mighty Princefs Eliz^abeth Queen of England on the one Parr,
and the Prior of Sr. Andrews, the Lord Ruth-ven, and the Mafter of
Maxioell, the Mafter of Lindfay, young Lithington, the Lairds of
Pitarrozu and Mr. Henry Balnaws of Halihill on the other Part, in
Name and Behalf of the Noble and Mighty Prince, James Duke
of Chatelherault, as fecond Perfon of the Realm of Scotland, and
the Lords joined with him : By which it is agreed (a).
The Sub- " That tlic Queen of England fhall aHift the Sects dgainft the
T.Mty"'^'''" '* French, as long as the Qieen was married to the Fi^ench Kinf^,
" and a Year after,' that fhe fhould immediately fend Forces Avith all
♦* neceflary Provilions to join the Forces of the Congregation for the

" expelling

(«) Vid. Spotf. Lib. 3. Pig. 141.

Vol. III. Secretary to Qj^een Mary. Itl.

" expelling ot the French Forces out of Scotland; That her Majefty 2^^^
" fhould continue hdr Aid and Adlftance ay and till the French weie vS/'%*
" expelled ; That what Forts were taken from the French fhould
" either be demolifhed, or delivered to the Duke of Ckitclheraiilty
" and that the Englijh fhall not build any new ones without their
" Advice and Conlent j Tiiat they fhall provide her Majcfty's Army
" and Fleet with Viduals as lon^ as they remain in Scotland; That
" if the Realm of England (h^W he invaded by the French, they fhall
" alllft them at leafl with lOOO Florfe, and 2000 Foot upon the
" Queen of England's Charges ; but if die Invafion fhould oe upon
" the Nortli of England, it fhould be upon their own Charges, and
*' that diey fhould continue in the Fields 50 Days, or Co much longer
" as they are accuflomed to abide in the Fields for Defence of Scot-
" land ; That the Earl of Argjle Lord Juftice of Scotland fhould
" adid: her Majefty in reducing to her Obedience the North Parts
" of Ireland, as it fhall be agreed betwixt the faid Earl and her De-
" puty for the Time ; That Hoflages fhould be delivered, being
" lawlul Sons, Brethren or Heirs of the Nobility and Barons oi Scot-
" land, who fhould be exchanged every 6ch or 4th Month as Scot-
" land pkafed : That thefe Articles, after the delivering of die
" Hoflagfes, fhould be f ubfcribed and fealed by the Duke of Chatel-
" heratilt, and the Lords joined with, him in tlie Space of 10 or 30
" Days at mofl, and that they fhould do all that in them lay to.
f perfuade the refl of the Scots Nobility to join them ; That the (aid
*' Duke and Nobility did not in the leafl withdraw their due Obe-
" dience to their Sovereign and her Fiusband, of which certainly
" they themfelves were Judges ". This Treaty bears Date at Ber^
zvick 17th of February, and was confirmed by tneQ.ucen of England^
and a Patent under the Great Seal of England to the Duke and
Nobility. The Lords of the Congregation on the other Eland, did
ratify the fame, by their Subfcriptions at the Camp before Leith
tiie lOtli of cy^^y following. And by this A(5lion, in which out
Author had (6 great a Hand, he involved his Country in a mofl
bloody War ; but upon the Queen's Arrival in Scotland, he quit the
Rebels, and was advanced by Queen o^ary to be her Secretary, ^^ ,^ ^^^^
who fent him AmbalEador to Queen Eltz^abeth, to acquaint her of Anib»(r.dof
her fafc Arrival. Spotfzvood tells us (a), That he had Letters both
from the Queen and the Nobility, that the Queen's Letter was only AnAccoom
a Compliment, exprefting the Love and AfFe(5lion that fhe bore to b»^!'
her, as her Sifter and neareft Kinfwoman, and theDefire fhe had to
continue in true and fincerc Friendfhip with her. But in the Letter
from the Nobility, they told her, " That the fureft Way to preferve
" Friendfhip and true Amity amongft them two, was to declare the
*' Queen of Scotland her neareft and lawful Heir to the Crown of
" England : This higiily offended Queen El iz^abeth, and when out
" Author urged to know her Mind in this Afft.ir, fhe told him, I
" cxpc<fted another Sort of Meffage from your Queen than this is

K k k '♦ which

2 JLZ. The Life of Sir WILLIAM MAlTLANDo/" I-ichington, Vol. Ill

rx^v-^ u \vhich you Iiavc brought mc, and do marvel that /he /hould forget
^AI^ « the Promifc made before her coming out of France, touching the
« Ratification of die Treaty of Lfith, which was, that how foon (he
" returned to lier own Country, fhe fhould give me a full and re-
" (blute Anrwcr: I have long enough fuMercd my felf to be abufcd
" with fair Speeches, and now it had been Time, if flie had regarded
" her own Honour, to have made good her Promifes", To this
the Secretary replied. That within a few Days after the (Queen's
landinfT, he was employed in this Legation, and that the (;^ucen his
JVliftris had not as yet any Time to deliberate about the publiclc
Affliirs of die State, being entirely taken up with admitting the
Noblemen that came to vifit her, and congratulate her happy
Arrival in her own Kingdom, and fetding the Aflairs of Religion,
which her Majefty underftood to be a Work of great Difficulty and
Importance : Neither had all the Noblemen come as yet to Court,
whom fhe defl'^ned to advife in Matters of State. Here the Qiiccn
interrupted him, faying, " What need is there of x\dvice or Counfel
*' to do that which by her Subfcription and Seal fhe is bound to
" perform. To this the Secretary anfwered. That no Commifllon
" was <Tiven to him in that Matter, nor did die Queen his Miftris
" diink that any Account would be required of him, and that fhe
" could very juftly excufe her felf for the Reafons above-mentioned.
" At lena,th, falling upon the Affair of the Succeilion, (he faid, I
" have obfeived that you have often in your Difcourfe faid, that
" your Qiieen is defcended of the Blood Royal of England, and that
" I am obliged to love her, as being nearefl: to me of Blood of any
" other, which I neither will, or can deny; neither have I in any
" of my A(5tions ("as die World knoweth) attempt any Thing againfl:
" her Safety and Tranquillity, or her Kingdom ; yea thofe that arc
*' moft intimate with me can witnefs, that even when I had jutl:
" Caufe of Offence given me, by her ufurping the Title and Arms
" oiEndimd ; I could never be induced to think, but that this was
" a politick Contrivance of our Enemies to breed Dillention amongfl
" us : But however that be, I hope fo long as I live, fhe (hall not
" bereave me of my Kingdom, nor yet be able, if God fliall blefs
"me with Children, to impede their Succeflion : If it fhall happen
" otherwife that I be taken away, fhe fhall never find that I have
" prejudged the Right which fhe claimeth to the Kingdom of En-
*' eland : What a Right it is, I have never been curious to know,
" nor do I purpofe to f'earch and examine it, but will leave the fame
*' to the Cognition of thofe whom it concerneth. Tliis youi: Queen
" may afTuredly exped at my Hands, that I fhall never wrong her
" nor her Caufe, if it be juft, in the leafl Point, And I take God
*' to witnefs, who hear^th this our Conference, that next to my felf,
*' I know not any whom I would prefer to her, or who (if the Title
*' fall to be controverted) might exclude her : You know who the
»' Competitors are, but alas what Power or Force iiave thefe weak
♦* Creatures to attempt fo great an Enterpnze ; always the Matter

JC

Vol. 111. Secretary to §lueen Mary. 225

*' it felf is weighty, and of gi^at Importance, which I will take Time aJT^.
" to think upon. v^V*-*

Some few Days after this, fhe called for our Author, and had a
fecond Conference with him, wherein fhe told him, " That it fcemed
*' ftran^e to her, how the Nobility at the Queen's firfl: coming fhould
" put iiich a Requefl to her, fince they knew that tiiere was no Re-
** paration made for former Wrongs, an! to defire tiiat 1 fhould
«< G;ratify dieir Queen, having received fo great an Injury without
" any Amends made ; is it not in EfFe(ft to boaft and threaten mc
" if I take fuch a Courfe : I would have them think that I am flrcng
" enough for them at home, and want not Friends abroad that will
" maintain and defend my Rigiit ". The Secretary told her. That
in his firfl Speech he had clearly difcovered the Intention of
tile Noblemen, who partly out of that Duty which they owed to
their Sovereign, and the Defence of her Hononr, and not of a De-
fire to confirm and affure the Peace begun betwixt the two Realms,
they had made this Overture ; and that theReafon why they dealt
fo plainly with her, was not only the Experience they had of her
Favour in Times paft, but alfo the Refpedt of their own Safety :
For if any fhould oppofe the Queen's Ri.2,ht, and thereupon' Wars
fhould arife betwixt tlie two Kingdoms, they mufl needs be driven
to hazard their Lives and Eflates : Therefore they thought that
fuch an Overture could not have been difacreeable to her, feeing it
tended to the cutting off a War that might arife betwixt the two
Nations, and of compofing Differences by a firm and certain Peace.
To this the Queen replied,

" 'Tis true, diat if 1 had attempted any Thing to the Hurt of your

" Qiiccn's Right, they might with Reafon have required me to

" amend it ; out when I am yet in Health and Life, to defire me to

" prepare mine own Winding-fheet, is a Thing without Example ;

" nor hath the like ever been required at the Hand of any Prince :

** Yet I take in good Part the Meaning of your Lords, and am glad

" of the good Affe(5fion they bear to their Queen, and the Care

♦* they have to advance her Honour : I think it likewife Wifdom in

" diem to forefee the Danger they may run into, and like well that

" they do abhor the fhedding of Chriflian Blood, which, I confefs,

" could not be avoided, if any Fadion fhould arife and lay claim

^ to tiie Crown ; but where or what is that Fadlion, or what Force

♦' can they have : But leaving thefe Things, fuppofe I had a Defire

*' and Inclination to fatisfie them, think you that I would rather

'^ gratify your Lords herein, than the Queen herfelf ? . No, I will

*' tell you, that I have many other Rcafons that hinder me from

^ taking fuch a Refolution. Ftrfi., I know what a dangerous Thing

•' it is to touch tliis String, and I have ever, upon great RefpedJi

« abflained from bringing in Queflionthe Right of the Crown; fot

" fo often hath die Controverfie of Marriage lawful and unlawful,

« of legitinratc and bafc born Children been agitated according: as

" Mcjis Afi-c<ilions and Hunwrs led themi that even in regard of

K k k 1 " thofe

2 14 Tlje Life of Sir WILLIAM MAITLAND o/Lithint>ton, Vo). /J f.

A^'^^T? " thofe Dift-cptations, I have hitherto forborn to match with any
vrv></ u Husband. Once at my Coronation I was married to this Kingdom,
" whereof always I carry this Ring for a Pledge (pointing to a Ring
" upon her Finger) and however Things go, I fhall be Queen oi Ln-
'■^ gliind fo long as I live, when I am dead, let them fuccccd who
" have the beft Right : If your Queen hath it, I fhall not wrong
" her in the leaft Point, and if it belong to another, it were not
" reafonable to defire me to do them an open and manifeft Wrong :
" Jf tliere be any Law which may bar her Title, it is unknown to me,
" for I do not willingly think of thefe Matters; but if there be any
" fuch when I received the Crown, I fwore to my People, that 1
" would not change their Laws. Now where you fay. That by de-
" clariiif^ your Queen my SuccefTor, our Affedion fhould become
" more lirm ; I ratlier fear that it fhould be the Seed of a mofl bitter
" Hatred : For think you that I will behold willingly the Preparation
" -of my own Funerals ; it is natural to Princes to be jealous even
" of the Clrildren that byiBirth-Right are tofucceed them : How did
" Charles VII. of France carry himfelf towards Ijwis XI. and he
" again towards Charles VIII. or King Francis of late towards Hfwry
" wlio fucceeded him : And is it probable that I fhould be otherwife
*' difpofed towards my Coufin, if once fhe fhall be declared Heir
" unto my Crown .'' No, be fure I fhall have the fame very Mind
" wliich Charles VII. fhowed to Lewis XL

*' There is another Thing whicli I eftcem of an exceeding great
" Weight, I know the Inconflancy of the People, how they loth
" always the prefent Government, and have their Eyes continually
'* kt upon the next SuccefTor ; and naturally there are more that
*' look Cas its faid) to the Sunrifing, than to the fetting of the Sun,
" to omit other Examples, this I know by my own Experience :
*' When my Sifter Queen Mary reigned, how earneftly did a Num-
" ber wifh to fee me placed in her Throne .'* What a Defire had they
" of my Advancement, if I had but given my Countenance to their
" Pracflices, they would have refufed no Peril in bringing the fame
" to effe(5l ? Now it may be that the fame Perfons are not of the
" fame Mind towards me, as Children that dream that Apples are
*' given them, are greatly joy'd ; but in the Morning when rhey are
" awaked, and find themfelves deceived they fall a weeping : So
" they who loved me exceedingly when I was but called Eliz^abeth,
" and if perhaps I gave them any good Countenance, thought with
" themfelves, how f bon I was made Queen, they fhould be rewarded
" rather according to their own Conceit than any Service done to
" me : And now when they find that the IfTue anfwereth not their
" Expectation, fome of them it may be in Hope of a better Fortune,
" would not be difpleafed with a Change in the Government : For
'• the greatefl Wealth that ever any Prince had, or can have, is not
" able to fatisfie the infatiable Covetoufnefs of Men, And if this
" be our Cafe, that the AfFedions of our People are fo eafily chan-
" ged, when we keep a greater Moderation in our LargefTes than

" they

Vol. III. Secretary to §lueen Mary. 12,5

" tliey think we oiiglu, or perhaps for fome other liglit Caufe they J^lj-^-^
" grow chfconccnced ; what may we think fhall come to pafs when ^.^-v«i/
" leciitious People have a certain SuccefTor dcfigned, to whom they
" may open their Griefs, and betake thcmfelves, if they be in any
" Sort difplcafed : In what a Peril, think you, I fhould live, having
*' fo mighty neighbouring Princes to fucceed me, to whofe Grandeur
" how much I fhall add by confirming her, SuccefTor, fb much I (hall
" dctrad:from mine own Security j this Peril no Caution can affure,
" nor the Bonds of any Law avert : Princes alfo who live in Ex-
" pcdfation of Kingdoms, do hardly contain themfelves within the
" Limits of Right and Reafon, furely I my felf would never think
" my Eflate affured, if once mvSucceffor were known to the World '*.
The x\mbaffador finding that lie could not prevail with lier at this
Time, not many Days after had a third Conference with her, and
defiled to know what Anfwer he fhould ceturn to the Nobility.
" At this Time, fays fhe, I have no Anfwer to give, but that I ap-
" prove of the Affe(fbion and fedulous Care they have of their So-
" vereign's good Eflate ; but the Matter is of fuch Weight, as I
*' cannot on a fudden, or diredtly anfwer it. When your Queea
" fhall perform her Promife concerning the Treaty of Leith, it will
" be Time to require a Proof of my Affedfion towards her ". The
Ambaflador refolving to put an End to this Affair, told her, That
as he had faid before, he had no Commiflion in that Bufinefs, and
that in the Matter of the Succeffion he had fhown more his own
Judgment than the Mind of the Queen his Miflris : For he could
never think the Confirmation of the Treaty o( Leith to be a Thing
of that Importance, as for the Delay orRefufalof that, the Queen
of Scotland fhould be excluded, and all her Poflerity from the Suc-
ceffion to the Crown of England. Neither will I now enquire by
whom that Treaty was concluded, at what Time, in what Manner,
by what Authority, and for what Caufe it was done; for I have no
Warrant to fpeak of thofe Things : But this I dare affirm, that al-
beit the Queen my Miflris, following her Husband's Diredion, had
ratified the Treaty, fhe fhould have found herfelf thereby fofar in-
teicflcd, as fhe would, doubtlefs, ufed all Means to free herfelf of
tile fame : And this I fay, not in the Queen's Name, but only to
make it fcem, that our Noblemen have Reafon to endeavour that
all Debates and Controverfies may ceafe, and a firm and perpetual
Peace may be eflablifhed. At length the Queen, after fome other
Rcafonings, gave her final Anfwer, and it was agreed betwixt them.
That the Queen of Scotland after this fhould abftain from ufing the
Bnqlifh Arms, and from the Titles of the Crown of England s^nd
Ireland during the Life of Queen EHz^abeth and her Poflerity, That
on the other Part, the Queen of England fhould oblige herfelf, and
the Cliildrcn begotten of her, to do nothing in Prejudice of the
Queen of Scotland's Succeffion.

After this our Author returned to Scotland^ and viis very fervice-
able to his Miftris againfl the violent and rebellious Proceedings of

L 1 the

Zl6 The Life of Sir WILLIAM MAlTLANDo/ Litliington, Vol. f J f.

t'^i"^''''^ the Reformers, who ac that Time begun to have Aflemblics and

*-^^^^ Meeting'; of their own ; upon which our Author Iiaving called fonic

to^'.'Crof the principal Perfons before iiim, told them, That thcfe Meet

coV"/nr\ ings of theirs gave juft Grounds to her Maiefty to fufped their J'ro-

iul'Is!*^"ceeding3, fincc Subjects ought not to hold Aflcmblies or Meetings

without the Knowledge and Permifllon of their Prince. To which

they replied (rt), That fhc underftood that there was a Rcformecl

Kirk within this Realm, and they had their Orders and appointed

Times for meeting. It is true, fays our Author, the Queen knows

diat well enough ; but the Queflion is. Whether fuch Conventions

be by the Qiiecn's PermifTion or Allowance : If the Liberty of the

Kirlc, fay they, fliould depend on the Qiieen's Allowance or Difal-

lowance, we are afliired we fhall be deprived not only of AMcm-

blics, but alfo of the publick Preaching of the Gofpel.

He oppofc. The Secretary endeavoured to convince them that tiicir Fears and

D'rcipUe."^ Jealoufies of theQii'-'en were groundlefs; but nothing could prevail

i"oanW with them. Not long after this, he had another Dif pure concerning

rff.fting jj^gjf i3Qok of Difcipline, which they would needs have the Queen

ratifie ; and in their General AlTcmbly in the Year i $6i\, he had a

long Difputc with Mr. Knox concerning the Do(ftrine of Non-Refi-

ftance : And as Mr. Calderwood informs us, when he urged from the

VVritin"s of Luther, Melanchton, Bitcer, Mufculus and Calvin, the

Lawfulnefs and Dutyof PaHive-ObedienceandSubminion to fuperior

Powers, Mr. Knox told him. That the Citations that he brought from

Luther\nd c^eUnchton were to be underftood of the Anabaptifts,

who denyed any Sort of Subjedion of Chriftians to Magiftrates, and

the reft fpoke only of Chriftians fubjecft to Tyrants and Infidels that

werefo oppreftedand difperfed, that they had not afufficient Power

to oppofe them ; but a People affembled together in one Body

of a Common-Wealth, to whom God had given a fufficient Power,

they were obliged and ought to refift when Princes were in the

wrong, and this he likewife applied to the Cafe of tlie primitive

Chriftians, notwithftanding of the exprefs Teftimony of Tertnlltan

to the contrary,

In the Year 1564, the Earl of a^urray nnd he were appointed
"Voir""' by the Queen to fatisfie Queen EltZjalfeth's Con-miftioners, the Earl
h«M"'4. of Bedford, and Sir Thomas Randolph, of the Reafonablenefs of her
Ll'idpUrW/. Marriage with the LoidDarnly; and having met at Berwick, the
Lnglip CommilTioners urged the Marriage with the Earl o( Leicejler^
upon which they promifed that fhe ftiould be declared the adoptive
Daughter, Sifter and apparent Heir of the Crown oi England by kO:
of Parliament, and that a conftant Amity and perpetual Peace be-
twixt the two Kingdoms for ever fhould be agreed to. To this our
Author replied. That fuch a Match was below the Dignity of a Queen,
who had in her Offer the Emperor's Son Charles Duke o( oAaJlria,
the King of Swedland^ the Prince of Conde and the Duke of
Ferrara ; and likewife he thought it below the Queen of England 10^

propo(c

(«) U(l»ri Life of Queen M»jy, P»g. 5«- Martyr d' U Royne d" Efcofle, Pag. J<.

Vol. III. Secretary to Qj^een Mary. 127

propofc fuch a mean March to her nearefl: Kinfwoman, a new made TlfT^^.
Earl, and a Subjedt of England ; neither did the Earl of Bedford ^-"V^
infill further upon it, he, as it is faid, having Inftrudions from
Leiccjler not to ur"e it, having fome Expedlations to gain Queen
EliZ;iil^eth to liimfelf, and fo their Conference broke up, and nothing
was done in it.

The Queen dcficninii to marry the Lord D^r/z/y, our Author was „ . ,
fent Ambaflador to Queen EUz^abeth, to acquaint her or the Queen s ^"'^fi'fj
Refolution, and to fatisfie Iier as to the Reafonablenefs of the Match, to ic<)...int
which that Princefs violently oppofed ; and in this Negotiation he thrQueen-i
acquit himfelf with great Wifdom and Prudence, to the entire Satif- "'""^•*
faction of the Queen, and the whole Nobility.

In the Year 1565, Dnnjid Rizjio being murdered, the Particulars HeisinDir-
of which we have given in the Life of the Lord Rmhven ; the ^^l"^i"2li
Secretary being fufpedled to have a Hand in this Murder, was turned H.„d*In i,-
out of his Place : But the Queen being convinced of hislnnocency, bui'"rei"'
he was again made Secretary in the Year i $6^ : And the fame Year "•""'•
we find him one of the CommifTioners appointed by the Parliament
to examine and enquire (a) into the Jurifdi(5lion, Privilege and
Authority of the Church : When the Qiieen was imprifoncd in .
Lochlevin, he joined with the Lords of the Congregation, and be- "VReb^J',"
came fo great a Favorite of the Regent's, that at the Battle of Lang- nlnrjcft.
/ide, he Avas one of the Officers of his Army, and he accompanied },'i',.'i^"''*
him to York, but it was thought, that he took him alongfl with
him, radicr out of Fear tlian any Love that he had for him, know-
ing that the Bent of his Inclinations was for the Queen, and that
no Man Avas more capable of ferving her Friends in his Abfence
than he was ; and this he found to be true, for they were no fooner
arrived at Tork, but he wrote a Letter to the Queen, wherein he
told her, that he had been brought up by the Regent, contrary to
his Inclination; but that he hoped he might prove like the Mou(e
in the Fable, that did rid the Lion of his Snares, and according-
ly he did her all the Services he could ; for every Night he met
with the Queen's Commiffioners, and not only revealed to them
what he knew, but afliftcd them with his beft Advice. The Duke of H.joiMwith
Northfolk finding this, having met our Author one Day opportunely n^«*/V, °o
alone j after the common Complements were over, he fell upon qI!,^*
the Rufinefs of Queen ^Hary, being the only Subjed then talked
of, and told him very frankly (b)^ That he had ever efteemed him
a Man of good Senfc, but diat his Condud at prefent agreed not
with tliat good Opinion he had hitherto intertainedof hisDifcretion,
fince he thoudit it rcafonable to accufe his Sovereign criminally,
and before a foreign Judicature, and by that Means tacitelyconfefTed
/T/z^/W a competent Judge of all A(flions committed by the Princes
of Scotland within their own Dominions, that for his Part, he did
not at prefent forcfce how they would be able afterwards to anfwer
for this inhumane Ac% fince by bringing the Mother's Honefly

L I I 1 publicklj

2l8 The Life of Sir WILLIAM MAITLAND o/Lithington, Vol. IJL

"H^^^)^ publickly in Qiicftion, they manifeftly endangered the Title of the
"^^^/"^ Son to the Engltjh Crown. This Dikourfc highly pleafed the Se-
cretary, who, as we have faid, ftrenuoufly o\)^o\cS Mnrray\ Pro-
ceeding's againft the Queen , and he told tne Duke, that the Regent
being (lirrounded with a Company of Sycophants, Slaves to Avarice
and to England^ he had in vain endeavoured todilfuade him from
his fcandalous Undertaking, having waited upon him thither only
in Hopes to prevail upon him to defift, and not to ferve him in the
De(i<^n ; and therefore begged his Grace not to believe him (whom
he had once honoured with a Place in his Efleem) rafhly guilty of
a Crime, which he had not only abhorred himfelf, but faithfully
endeavoured to retorm in others. The Duke, after a very generous
Reply, askedhimif the Regent was at the Bottom, a Man ofHonour,
and if he tliought him fit to be trufted with a Secret of Importance ?
Our Author alluring him of the Regent's Honour, Wifdom and
fidelity, the Duke told him, he would then try him to Morrow :
And the Secretary having got them together, the Duke dilfuaded
the Regent to infift any further againfl his Queen, and if the Regent
had been faithful to his Word and Honour, he had in all Probabi-
lity relieved, by the Alfiftance of the Duke, the Queen from her
Imprifonment ; but by his treacherous Villainy he brought the Duke
to the Scaffold, as we have Ihown in the Lite of Bifhop Lejlie, in
the fecond Volume of tiiis Work.

The Regent had no fooner refolved to betray the Duke of North-
folk, but he relblved at the fame Time to make a Sacrifice of the
Secretary ; and a very fit Occafion offered at that Time, for the
Lord Bold having brought Letters from both the Queens to the
Regent, and from Sir Nicholas Throgmorton to the Regent, and the
Secretary giving an Account of the Progrefs that had been made in
the defigned Marriage betwixt Queen JWirrj and the Duke o( North-
folk advifing the Regent with all fpeed to fend the Secretary to
them, as the wifefl and fitteft Man he could choife (a) for managing
the Affair upon the Queen's Side : The Regent defigning to make
ufe of thofe Letters for impeaching the Secretary for confpiring
with the Duke of Northfolky to effedl the Reftauration of the bani-
fhed Queen, he endeavoured to have got him fecured ; but the
Secretary being no Stranger to his Pradices and Refolutions, kept
himfelf out of his Reach, and lived moftly in the North, and rarely
went abroad, but when his Friends were about him : At length a
Rumour being fpread, That Northfolk had made his Efcape out of
the Tower of London (b), That his Friends had (et Queen (^ary
at Liberty, and that they were preparing with a mighty Army to in-
vade Scotland. This Rumour made the Regent fo uneafie, who had
become a Burden to himfelf with his Jealoufies and Fears, that he
immediately wrote to all the Nobility in whom he mofl confided,
to meet him at Stirling, to give their Advice and Concurrence in
fuch an extraordinary Jundlure, and amongft the reft, he wrote to

his

(«) ViJ. Ipolfwoid, Ub. J. Pjg. 230. (*) Cr»wfcird"» Mem. Pag. »3J.

Vol. III. Secretary to ^een Mary. iiO

his old Friend the Secretary, as putting an extraordinary Confidence '^f^
in him. v^^-v

The Earls of ylthole and Crawford, as they were cominf^ to this
grand Council, happened to meet with the Secretary at 'DumUain,
where tlicy fpent a whole Day together in Hunting : The Recent
being informed of this Meeting, his Mind was immediately o^er-
cloucled with the black Thoughts of a deep Plot againfl; him; Co
calling to his Alliftancc iiis faithful Friend the Earl of Morton, they
contrived a Counter-Plot, which was to fubborn one to accufe the
Secretary at his firft fitting in Council, of having a Hand in the King's
Death ; and accordingly when the Council met, juft as they were
beginning upon the Aftairs of the Publick, tlie Door-keeper informed
them, that a Gentleman called Thomas Crawford, who had ferved
rlie Earl of Lenndx, craved to be inftantly admitted, having Bufinefs
of very great Importance to be communicated to tiieir Lordrtiips :
Every Body (lave oyHrtrray and ayMorton who knew of itj expeded
mighty Matters ; but they wereextraordina.rly furprized to find, that
when the Gentleman was called, he accufed the Secretary of being ^V^^'cL'.'
Accelfory to tiie Murder of the late King. The Secretary, who "^'^X/'of''
eafily fathom'd the Contrivance of all the Council, Teemed the lead: M',d«^"l,j
fi.irprized with the Accufiition, and rifing from his Chair, after a '•"P"''''™'*-
long Harangue, wherein he extolled the many Services he had done
to iiis Country, he offered to give immediate Bail to anfwer accor-
ding to Law for the Crime with which he was charged: To this
Crawford replied, " That the Authors of the Regicide could never
" be brought to fuffer an exemplary Punifhment, if thofe who out
" of Zeal to the Royal Family, and Deteftation of fo barbarous a
" Fadl informed aganift them fhould be over-ruled, and have that
" Juftice denied them, which tlie Law allowed : For as he huftibly
" conceived, my Lord Secretary being accufecl of High Treafon, it
" was unprecedented, and wholly new to admit him to Bail ; but
" according to tlie common Cuftom in fuch Cafes, he fhould be
" detained a clofs Prifoner, till tried and condemned as guilty, or
" acquitted as innocent, and the Informer rewarded or punifhed, if
" he made good the Ciiarge, or was found guilty : Upon which
" the Secretary was immediately fent to Prifon, none of the Council
" daring to plead for him". At the fame Time he caufed imprifoii
the Lord Seaton, and Sir James Balfour and his Brotlier. Thefe
arbitrary Proceedings of the Regent's created him many Enemies,
and amongfl: the reft, the Laird of Grange Governor or the Caftle
of Edtniurgh, wlio came in the Night-time witli fome of the moft: H.iit.ri..
refolute Men of iiis Garrifon, and rcfcued the Secretary out of tlie f^„°b °^?l«'
Prifon he was in, and brought him to the Caftle : For at firft he was ^'^^^"^
committed Prifoner to a Chamber in the Caftle of Stirling, and from
thence removed by a Troop of Horfc under the Command of
y^lexander Hume of Northbenuick, to a Lodging near the Caftle
of FJiniHrgl), out of wiiich, as wc liave faid, he was refcued by the
Laird of Grange. Bifhop Spotfwood fays (a), That Grange relieved

M m m him

IjO T/;tfL//fo/'.^/r WILLIAM MAlTLANDo/Litliington, Vol. Ijf.

JJ^-'^ him by countcilciting a Warranc under the Regent's Hand, and
^■"V^ that the next Day when the Regent demanded him, Grange rcfiifed
to deliver him up ; and that the next Day the Regent went to the
Cal^le himfelf, and got Granger Promile to deliver the Secretary
upon the Day appointed for his Trial, and tliat when tiie Day was
come, there was liich Multitudes oi People that met, that the Regent
was obliged to prorogue the Diet for four Months Time : J5ut wTiat-
cver Truth be in this, it is certain, that in the Beginning of tlic
Year, after the Regent's Death (who was (hot by James Harmlton
of Bothwdkntgh at the Town of LinlithgoWy upon the 13d of Ja-
nuary 1570) the Secretary was fet at Liberty, and upon the 8th of
v^pril we find him in a Meeting of the Queen's Friends at Linlithgow,
who had met to draw up an exad State ot the Affair of the Nation
for the French King, from whom they expecfted AiTidance ; and
fhortly after he was admitted into the Privy Council, and declared
Heiitjrnfd inuoceut of all that was laid to his Charge: But the Earl of Lennox
Thrfhy'L being declared Regent, he was turned out of his Place, and Rol/crt
v.lhTf'Lcl Pitcairn Abbot oiDiimfermling made Secretary in his Place.
"*• At this Time there was a Treaty fet on Foot by the Queen of

England in Favours of Qrieen Mary^ and a Cedation of Arms, or
AblUnence, as they called it, betwixt the two contending Parties,
and the Regent having during this Time not only turned the Secre-
tary out of liis Office, but likewife denounced him Rebel. The Earl
of S^jjex the General of the Englip Forces challenged this as a
Breach of the Treaty. To which the Regent replied (rt). That the
J. Secretary could claim no Benefit by the Ablbnence, feeing he was
RMfow'rol the King's Subjecft, and ftood to the Defence of the King's Caufe
iclgi 'Tz^uxA both in England and Scotland, profefTing himfelf as much difpleafed
''"^"""^with the Proclamation of the Qtieen's Authority, as any Man elfe;
and howbeit of late he had accompanied the contrary Fa(5f ion, yet
he never declined his Subjedion to the King ; That being required
to attend his Office, he had refufed, whereupon the faine was juftly
taken from him : And tor the Confifcation complained of, if he
would yet declare upon what Side he was, he Ihould be reafonably
ufed.

Upon this the Secretary was defired to declare himfelf, and Tent
this Anfwer to the Earl of Snjfex.

That he did think it flrange that the Regent fliould enquire on

TheStcte-^^hich Sidc he was, feeing his Speeches, Writings and Adions had

c"« hinftir declared the fame; but now he would plainly profefs that he was

iit'eeot/ not of the Lord Regent's Side, nor would he acknowledge him for

Regent : That he was of that Side which would perform their

Duties to the Queen of Scotland, and to her Son ; fo as neither of

them Ihould have Caufe to find Fault with him : That he was of that

Side which wifhed to either of them the Place which in Reafon and

Juftice they ought to poffefs ; and that he was of that Side which

requefted the Qiecn of England to enter into good Conditions with

the

\.») Vlil. SpttC Lib. ;. Pig. 244<

Vol. III. Secretary to Qjdecn Mary. xii

the Queen, whereby Scotland might be brought in an Union, and^J^
fhe reftored to lier Liberty and Realm. He confeOed, Tiiat he did ^-^'vvl
nor allow ot the proclaiming of tlie Queen's Authority, nor of the
Parliament indi(5led by thofe of her Parry, becaufe he forefaw the
flimc would impede the Treaty betwixt the two Qiieens, and mic;ht
do Hurt manv Ways, and hinder the Good he was about to do ;
but that would not infer an Allowance of their Doings : And diis
favs he, may give the Regent to underAand ot what Side I am.

This being delivered to the Regent, in his Return to the Earl of
Siijjex, he told him. That it was no wonder he fhould not acknow-
ledge him for Regent, having deferved fo ill at his Hands ; and
being attainted of the foul and cruel Murder of his Son, the King's
Father, that his Declaration did not fatisfie that which was deman-
ded ; for where he made fhew to obferve a Duty to the Queen and
her Son, and would have it appear that he was about the efFedua-
ting great Matters, the Duties he had done to either of them were
well enough knpwn ; neither could any Man look for any Good to
proceed from him ; Therefore, however he had againft his Promife
and Subfcription declined from the King's Party, he mud ftill be
fubje(fl to anfwer fuch Particulars as fhould be laid againR him in
the King's Name : And feeing it was neither her Majefly's Meaning
that any Perfon guilty of the King's Murder fhould enjoy Benefit
by the Abflinence, he that was challenged thereof in the late Re-
gent's Time, and had in Council ofFer'd himfelf to the feveiefl
Trial that could be taken, could not complain of the Breach of
Abftinence for any Thing done or intended againft him ; but that
neither this Particular, nor any other fhould be occafion to difTolve
that Treaty begun ; and that he was content the Notes of all In-
juries alledged on either Side fhould be delivered in Writing to tiic
Earl of Su^ex, and the Trial or Redrefs thereof continued till it
fhould appear what E<fe(5l the Treaty brought forth.

Yet notwithflanding of all thefe fair Promifes during the Truce,
the Regent fent 300 Horfe (a) to Hitmilton, where they feized
upon the Duke's Plate and Houfhold Furniture, and fold them at
the Market-Place of Linlithgozv^ and put the Money in his own Pocket,
the like was done to our Author, who now had declared himfelf
openly for the., Queen.

The Civil Wars daily increafing, and the Caflle of Edinburgh
being obliged to furrender to xheEngliJh, in which our Author was,
he was fent Prifoncr to die Tolbooth o( Leith ; and <^[iorton, the Heiiakcn
tlien Regent, and our Audior's mortal Enemy, having caufed the ^^ro^'kito-
Captain to be hang'd, he noways doubting but to meet with the
like Fate; to prevent an ignominious Death, he took a large Dofe of
J'oifon ; but that not doing iiis Bufinefs fo quickly as he expedted,
the Regent caufed him to be brought to Edinburgh, and carefully
attended (b) by Phyficians, tiiat he might be brought to the Gal-
lows ; but in fpitc of all their Endeavours, he died in their Hands

M m m 1 upon

23 1 The Life o/.9/r WILLIAM MAITLAND o/'Lirhington, Vol. /[].

A^'^, upon the ^i.\ o( Septeml^er 1575. ^fotjwood fays, That he dicfl
'^'^ at LcitI) (liddcnly, and was only thought to have poifonocl
liinifcif : And Sir fames c^ehil fays (a), That he died, as it was
H.tciuM- ^^^''^' ^^^^^ ^'^*^ ^ Roman Fafhion, to prevent his coming to the
<■'"• Shambles with the reft. But Dr. Johnpon in his Hiftory (b) fays,

That he had been very long afflicted with the Gout, and be)ng
quite exhaufted and decayed in his Body, this new Affli(ftion put
an End to liis Days, and that his Enemies gave out that he had
poifoncd himfelf. Thefc arc the various Accounts that our Hifto-
rians i;ive of the Manner of this great Man's Death : But all of
them agree. That lie was a Man of excellent Learning, of deep In-
fi^ht into State Affairs, of great Prudence, but cunning and vari-
able. Spotfwood fays (c), That he was a Man of deep Wit, great
Experience, and one whofe Counfels were held in that Time for
Oracles, but variable and inconftant, turning and changing from
one Fadlion to another, as he thought it to make for his Standing,
which did greatly diminifh his Reputation, and ftyl'd him at laft:
Which fhould warn all Counfellors to dire(5l their Courfes by the
Lines of Piety and true Wifdom ; without which the moft politick
Prudence will prove nothing but Folly in the End.

All the reft of our Hiftorians agree in this Characfter of him ;
and certainly he was a Man of very great Parts, well verfed in all
the Parts of polite Learning, and in all the Intrigues of the Court,
and the Inclinations of the common People, which rendered him
very popular : He was fingularly cunning, bold and eloquent, but
very variable, which gave the Occafion to Buchanan to write a very
bitter Satyr againft him, both in Profe and Verfe, wherein he com-
pared him to the ChamAion. No Man knew better how to dif-
lemble than he did, an eminent Inftance of which he gave, when
cy^orton his mortal Enemy was advanced to the Regency, at which
Time he wrote to him a very eloquent Letter (d), neither too ftiff
nor too mean, but kept a medium betwixt the haughty and fubmifllve
Addrefs of one that would purchafe his Friendfhip honeftly, and
not beg it meanly, modeftly hinting to thofe good Offices he had
done him when his Lordfhip was in Difgrace : And when he was
afperfed with his having a Hand in the King's Murder, he obtained
the following Teftimonial of his Innocency, to vindicate him to
Pofterity.

WE underjuhjcribers con-veened at Edinburgh on the Day of
February 1 570, Do with one Voice declare and tejiijiey That
none of us know that Secretary Lithington is culpable of umquhile
the Kings Murder : oAndjeeing no Perfon whatfoever compears to
accuj'e htm of the fame-, we muft efteem him to he innocently calum-
niate^ in Time bygone, in the faid Matter, tending to the Prejudice
of the Kings EJlate and his free Subjects : And therefore acknowledge
and recognofce him as an honefi Man, innocent of the faid Matters^

where-

(«) M«m. Pag. I'.i. (I) r»g, Lib. J. (0 Lib. j. Pag. »;». (<<) Vid. Crawf. Mem, Pag. i;3.

Ao. 4J7».

Vol. III. Secretary to §lueen Mary. 222

xvhercfore, heretofore he zo^s ivrt)ngfully accujed^ accenting and receiving
him in his own Place again. Likeas^ we acknowledge him to have
been a ^ood and proptable Inflrtiment in this Common-Wcal in
divers great Cakfes, for the furthering of God's Glory, and the Repoje
and Quictncfs of this Country native. Signed, aAthole, a^orton,
Cajjihs^ e^ar, Glencairn, z^ontrofe, Buchan, Ruthven, Glamis,
Lovat-, Ochiltrie., Methvin, Lindfay, Cathcarty ^damus Orcaden.
Vnrnfermling, Cambuskenntth, Dry burgh, Balmerinoch, Pittenwteniy
^illibardin, Comptroller, or Juftice Clerk.

Befides the Fragments of the Difputes that this learned Gentle- o'fhuwork'i!
man had with the Reformers, and which are inferred in Mr. Knox
and Mr. Caldenuood's Hifliories, we have flill extant in MS. of his
tlic followins; Works.

A long Letter to Sir IViUiam Cecil., Secretary to Queen Eliz,abetfjy
dated from Edinburgh iOth yfuguji 1559, wherein he informs the
fw^/z/Z) Secretary of the State of the Nation, the great Progrefs that
the Reformation had made in Scotland, the Fears and Jealoufies
that they had of the Qiieen's oppofing tliem, whenever fhe fhould
arrive from France ; and the Neceflity there was for keeping a good
Correfpondcnce betwixt England and Scotland. And laflly, Con-
cludes with a Proteflation of the Love and Efleem that he had for
the Englifh Nation, and how capable he might be to ferve them j
lince he knew that none in Scotland of his Quality had fo great an
Ear with the Queen as lie had. This Letter is to be found in Mr.
Cr^iy/WsColle(5tion of Papers tranfcribed from the Cotton Library,
and now in the Lawyers Library at Edinburgh.

In tlie Year 1568, he prefented the EngUfh Council at Hampton
Court with a Projecfl for reconciling the two contending Parties ;
which was, That Qiieen o^arj fhould in a Parliament called foe
iliat End, confirm her Renunciation of the Crown in Favours of her
Son, the only, undoubted, and lawful Heir of the Kingdom, and
that he fhould be own'd by all as King, and have all the Privileges
that could be claimed by any of his PredecefTors ; but in regard
tliat Queen Mary was crown'd ii^ her Cradle, and was Queen
Dowager of France, fhe fhould be own'd and refpecfled as a Queen,
having a fufficicnt Competency for fuflaining that Royal Chara(5lcr:
And if it fhould pleafe God, that the King fhould die before her,
and without Iffue of his Body, then the Queen was to fucceed to
him, and the Children of her Body, witli all the Privileges belong-
ing to her Predeceffors. This Projedl, with the Advantages that
would attend it, is to be found at Length in the above-cited Col-
Iccftion in the Lawyers Library

In a long Letter, dated from Dundee r4.th of November,! ^dl^
to Secretary Cecil, he re^rates the Earl of Fluntlys Rebellion againfl
the Queen, whom he higldy cfleems for her Vertue, and many
rare and extraordinary Endowments, as likcwife diat the EngHfJ
and French had cntrcd into a War, and rcprcfcnts to him what

N n n indif^

Z54 '^^■'^ ^-^fi ^f ^'*' WILLIAM MAITLANJ:)Q/'J,ithington, Vol. Hf.
r*»^^^ iiKlifpcn(liblc Obligations his Royal Miftris lay under to the French
ImJvv Nation, and the only Way to cvitc a Rupture betwixt the two
Nations of Scotland and EngLvid in fuch a Jundure, was for the
Qiiccn of ErigLvid to declare his Qiiecn her Heir, and very artfully
anfwers all the Objedions that can be fuggeflcd againft his Millris.
This Letter is in the above-cited Colledtions. As likewifc,

A Plot by our Author for refloring of the (^ucen, the Subflance
of which was, That by the Mediation of the Qiiecn of England all
Thin'j;s were to be done by a Council of 14, 16 or iz, aiid all in
the Names of the King and Queen ot Scots ; and if this Number
could not be obtained, that two of every Party and a Neutral flioul J
bechofen, and that the fitted: Man to be cho(cn as neutral was the
Larl of yltholc ; the Duke of Chatelhcnvdn Family being always
excluded as (ufpcc^ed, and for wliich tiicy had tiie Duke's Confent ;
and if this could not be obtained, that it fhould be by Four of the
principal Nobility, which fhould be the Earl ot Hnntly, ^rgyU,
oAtlmc, and the Regent, or Mar ; and that they fliould keep a
fecret Corrcfpondence with France, Avho had agreed to remit to
them Threefcore thoufand Franks a Year, to be paid Quarterly.
Tliis is cntituled, A Plot executorj dcvijcd by Lithington. There
are fevferal other Letters and Memorials concerning State Aftairs,
wrote by our Author, in the Cotton Library at London.

The Catalogue of his Works.

L Q^E'veral Fragments of Difpntes zuith the Reformers, in Mr.
O Knox and Mr. CalderwoodV Hijiories.

IL A Letter to Sir William Cecil, Secretary to Qjieen Elizabeth,
10//; Auguft, 1569. MS. in Bib. J. C. Edinburgh.

IIL ui 'Device-, plowing how the young Prince may remain King,
and the Qjfjscn not be deprived, prcfented to the Engliih Council
at Hampton Court, MS, in 'Bil- j. C. Edinburgh 1568.

IV. .A Letter to Secretary Cecil it\th November 1562, concerning

the War betwixt France and. England, MS- in 'Bib. J. C.
Edinburgh.

V. dA Plot executory, devijed for rejloring of the ^^een, 2liS. in

'Bib. J. C Edinburgh.

VI. Several Letters and Memoirs concerning State ./^ffairs^ MS. in

Bib. Cotton. London.

THE

Vol. III. ^^

THE

LIFE of the Illuftrious Princefs MART,
Queen of Scotland,

THIS Illuftrious Princefs was born in the Year of
our Lord 1542, upon the 6t\\ Day oi December, h"".?.""'
in the Palace of Linlithgow : Her Mother cMarj "ol"""'
of Lorain, Daughter to the Duke of Guife, was a
Princefs of excellent Accomplifhments, and her
father King James Vth, one of the greateft Princes of his Age :
She fucceeded to her Father in the yth Day of her Age. Francis I.
being then King of France, and Henry VIII. King oi England, upon
the Death of her Father, great DifTentions aroie amongft the No-
bility, concerning the Regency of the Kingdom during her Mino*
rity, and to whom the Cuftody of her Perfon ftiould be committee^.
Cardinal Beaton Arch-Bi(hop of St. ^Andrews, the Earls of Hantly^
e^rgyle and <iy\dtirray claimed it, as being devolved upon them by
the Kind's Will, which tliey caufed proclaim over the Market Crofs
of Edinburgh : But t'le reft of tlie Nobility having met, and finding
that the King was not in a Condition to grant a Warrant for for-
ming a Teftament, it was looked upon as a Forgery, and Jamei
Earl of aArran was declared Governour of the Realm during tiie
Queen's Minority, as being neareft in Blood to the Queen, accor-
ding to the ancient Laws of the Kingdom.

About this Time {a\ the Councilof Scotland wrote a Letter to
King //(.wry VIII. o( England, dated the lift o( December, in An-
Twer to one of his, requiring that the Murderers of one of his He-
raulds called Somerjet, fhould be delivered up to him. In Anfwer
to which, they tell him, " That before his Letter came to their
" Hands,, their King was dead, who had caufed thefe Murderers to
" be imprifoned, in order to their Punifhment, and that when Things
" were fettled in tlie Riglit of the Infant Queen, he ftiould be fully
*' fatisfied in that Affair ; but tliat for the fettling of this, and all
" other Differences betwixt the two Realms, they defirea Ceffation
" of Arms for five or fix Months, and a Paffport to the Bifhop of
*^ Orkney, fohn Lord Er skint, Adam Otterburn o( Reidhal/, and
" John Campbell of Lundie, as their Ambaffadors to him.

King Henry no fooner received their Letter, but he called before
him at Hampton Court, where he tlien lay, the Scots Prifoners who
had been taken at SoUoway Mofs, and acquainted them of the Death
of their King, and how loth he was to involve tliem now in a War
during the Minority of their young Queen, notwithftanding all the

N n n I Pro*

K't Vid. Si( Kiiyii MUi'i LcttcK Mf. iu lUc Uwycri lAutj •( Edloboi gh.

z^6 The Life of MAKY, §luetn of Scotland. Vol. [[/.

^^;;;'V^ Provocations he had met with, and that now tlicrc was a fair Opportu-

w/^/»\J nity of putting an End to all their Animofities, if they would concur

with lum in procuring a Match betwixt their Queen and Edward

\\\\%<o"!- Prince of Wales his Son, then about the 5th Year of his Age : And

bVtw^xV'h^r that for furthering fo good a Dehgn, they fhould not only be fet at

Jh^niJof Liberty, and have their Ranfbnis, which were condefcended upon

'*■''"• (and are fliU upon Record in the Cotton Library) not cxa(^ted off

them, but likcwife Penfions fettled upon them. Thefe Noblemen

and Gentlemen went very cordially into Kuig //mry's Propofals,

and obliged tliemfelves to do it, under their Hands and Seals ; and

this their Oblii^ation is dill extant in the Cotton Library. Upon the

3d Day of Chrijltnajs tiiey were all invited to Court, and fumptu-

oufly entertained, and then permitted to return to their own Country

when they pleafed.

In the mean Time King Henry returned an Anfwer to the Letter
fent him by the ^roAj Council {a), " Wherein he regrates the Death
" of his Ncplicw their King, and expreffes a deep Concern for the
*' Infant Qiieen, and his earned: Defire to make ufe of this Oppor-
*' tunity of uniting both Kingdoms, and refers the opening of this
" Matter to the Scots Prifoners, then returning home, wifhing that
*' they might fall upon effedual Meafures for that End ; and com-
" municate the fame to the Duke of Suffolk, then his Lieutenant in
*' the North, that upon the Knowledge thereof, he might grant
" fuch a Ceflation as (hall be fequifice tor that Effe(5l ". This Letter
is direded to all fuch as take upon them the Government of Scot-
land, and to all others, either of the Nobility or Council there.

Upon the fird: Day of the next Year, the Scots Prifoners begun
theii' Journey from London, and with them jirchibald Earl of Angiis^
and Sir George Douglafs his Brother, who had lived Exiles in En-
gland 1 5 Years, and whom King Henry by his Letters recommended
ro tlie Governor or Regent of Scotland, for which they fubfcribed
under their Hands and Seals, not only to promote the Match (/>),
but likewife in Cafe of the young Qiieen's Death, to afTift King
Henry to the utmoft of their Power in the conquering of the King-
dom, having come to Darntonn, they remained there with the Duke
of Suffolk, till they received further Inftrucftions, and entred Hofla-
ges tor their performing what they had promifed and fubfcribed,
not as the Duke told them : the King doubted any ways of their
Fidelity, but to take away all Sufpicion of their being for his Inte-
reft : In the mean Time, the Governour returns an Anfwer to the
King oi England ( c), dated the 6th oi January, wherein he fays,
That none Jhould endea'uour more to promote the Te ace and good of the
Realms than he; and for that End he had fent RotheCsiy the Herauld
to obtain a Cejjation of jtrms for fi've or fix Months, and a Pajfport
for the jinibajjadors to treat of and conclude a longer Peace". And
upon the jotii of the fame Month, he writes another Letter to the
Duke of Suffolk, much to the fame Purpofe. To this Letter of the

Cover-
ed) Via. Sit R»lpW $»<Iler"j Uttet, uki fapr*. (.t) Dt. Df»ke, Hitt. Scot. AogL CO S'f Kjlph S*Jlet» Utter, "!•■ '"P";

Vol. Ill The Ltfe o/ MARY, ^een of Scotland 7^

Governor's, King Henry returns an Anfwer, dated the ptli of Februan, ''Y^
wherein he tells him, That having a Very good Opinion andv*i^
Confidence in his Wifdom and Circumfpedion, and trufting thac
lie would fend fuch AmbafTadors as would ask nothing but what he
could in Honour condefcend to i He Jiad granted a CefTation of
Arms for three Months, and a fafe Condudl for the AmbafTadors
under his Seal ; both which he now fent to him : And by a Letter
of tiieiyth o^ February, the Governour owns,' that he had received
the Ceflations and fate Condudl, which was proclaimed in both
Kingdoms. But by another Letter of the Governour's, to King
Henry, we find, that the Ambafiadors could not be fent till the iit^
of Aiarch, tlie Matters with which they were intrufted requirinf^ the
Parliament's Authority. ^

About this Time, the Lords, and other Prifontirs from England
arrived at Edinburgh, and delivered to the Qiieen Mother and the
Regent, Letters from King Henry, wherein he exprefles the great
Defirc he had of fettling a perpetual Peace betwixt the two King-
doms, by a Marriage betwixt the young Queen, and his Son the
Prince of IV^les. Tlie Lords and the Governour bein^ afraid thac
the Cardinal would oppofe this Match,' theycommittedliimPrironer
to the Caftle of Diilhith, and afterwards tranfported him to his
Talacc at Sr. Andrews.

Writs being ifllied out for calling of a Parliament, they met and m.'!it''"«n
fat down upon the 1 2th Da^ o( March, and J<7ww Earl df ^rran Mt^'w.dl'
having caufed all the Earls of M>r/o« and BothweU, the Lords Hume., '-V'wT'
Sinclair, Herreis and Somervel, with Alexander Abbot of CamhuC
kcnneth, and they having folemnly made Oath, that the Earl tif .
Jrran was the neareft Kinfman of the Blood Royal of Scotland,^ and or?rr«^'*
to the Infant Qyeen, they declared him rightful Tutor to the Queen w.''"
by an k€t of this Parliament '; and by a fecond Adt he was declared
Governour of the Realm, and to the Queen during her Minority;
aiid by athird^ they declared him the fecond Perfon of the Kin^^,
dom, nex't Heir tothe Qjeen,' and failing of her, the rightful and
undoubted King of the Realm oi Scotland'. Thefi the Governouc
having communicated to them the Letters' he had deceived from
King Henry, it was agreed thkt Ambafladcirs fltould be fent to King
Henry to treat of the Marriage, and a Peace betwixt the two Realms. Tr^'w^
But wiiihl tliefe things were in Agitation, the King of England h^nlZ\T
fent Sir Jlalph Sadler in Quality of his Atnbaflador, with a Letter, {^.jjl^'
dated die i jth of anarch ; whferein he telli him, Thdt he had fcht
this his Ambaffadof to adjuft Matters betwixt them, and defires him
to give him' Credit, and that he had given him full Inftru(5i:i6n for
all and every thing that might relate to the right fettling of Mat-
ter's betwixt the two Kingdoms. On the other Hahd, the Gdvernoar
in a Letter to the King of England, dated the l6th of ^^drcfu
acquaints him, that he had delayed to return afiv Anfwer in Rela-
tion to his Sovereign Lady the Infant Queen, till h6 Tiad advifed
widj the Parliament, whom for that End he had called ; ^ ^d that

O o o now

258 The Life 0/ MARY, Qj4(en 0/ Scotland. Vol. Iff.

f^''^^'^ now with tlicir Advice and Confcnt he had fent Sir Wtl^tArn Ila-
sji^v^ miltonoi Sanc^iihairy S\i James Lermonthoi Balcomy., undMi. flei'jry
'Bitlnaves Secretary of State fully inftrufted, as well to conclude
the Marriage betwixt the Prince and the Queen, as a lading Peace
betwixt the two Realms, and defires him to give theniCrccht. The
Ambalfador had no fooner arrived at Edirihurghy but he delivered
his Credentials to theGovernour, who immediately called a Council,
wiiere Sir Ralph gave in his Comminlon, and acquainted them
with his Matter's earncfl: Defirc of a perpetual Peace and Marriai^c
betwixt the Prince of Wales and the young Queen. To this the
Council anfwered, That they had already inftruded their Ambaf-
fadors who were goiilg for England to treat with the King of England
upon that Subject.

In the mean Time the Englijh Ambafllidor had frequent Confe-
rences with the Lords that had been Prifoners in England^ and
preffed that the Inftrudions given to the Scots AmbaHadors might
not clafti with their Engagements to his Mafler. To this they an-
fwered, That the Governour and all the Nobility were finccre and
forward both for the Peace and Marriage, but as to their putting
the Government into their Matter's Hands, and delivering up to
him the ttrong Holds of the Kingdom, as it was agreed betwixt
fhem, it was altogether impracfticable, becaufe they iiad been fo
long detained in England, that before they got home, the Earl of
(iArran was declared Governour, and it was not in their Power to
undo k. And as for their not giving up the young Queen, as was
likewife agreed betwixt them, it was altogether unnecelfary ; for if
the Marriage was concluded, which they noways doubted of, it
would follow as a natural Confequence of it : Yet notwithttanding
of thefe their Anfwers, Sir Ralph in one of his Letters to King
Henry, dated March 27th, tells nim, That the Lord Somervel was
of Opinion that he fhould fland fafl to his Tropofal, sf having the
young ^lueen into his Hands, as foon as the Central zvas fgnea, and
that he wonld certainly prevail. King Henry, that he might gain
the Governour entirely over to him, {ent his Ambaflador new In-
ftruifliions, dated upon the 4th of oApril, wherein, amongtt other
Things, he orders him to make a Propofal to the Governour of a
Marriage betwixt his Daughter the Princefs Eliz,al;eth (afterwards
Queen of England) and the Governour's eldett Son ; to ufe many
honourable Arguments to perfuade nim to it, and to fend his Son
to the Englif) Court, to be educated, and where he fhould remain
till the Marriage fliould be confummated : In the mean Time, the
Scots Ambaffadors having delivered their Propofals to the King of
England; he was noways fatisfied with them, becaufe they did not
anfwer to the Agreem.ent made betwixt hirri and the Scots Lords,
who were Prifoners at London, and on whom he entirely relied:
icingBfwy Therefore he delivered new Propofals to the Scots Ambaffadors,
roVotu* which they tranfmitted to theGovernour: TheSubttance of which
Mrugc." were, "That the Queen fhould be delivered to him, to be educated

in

Vol. III. The Life 0/ MARY, ^een of Scotland. 2^9

" in England within two Years, and to have Hoftages delivered to ^y^""^
" him till this fhould be performed ; That the Earl o^ Arran fhould CiV^'
*' continue Govcrnour till the Marriage, but after that there (hould
" be one of his naming ; That all the Garrifons fhould be in the
" Hands of Scotfmen, and that the Scots fhould enjoy their Liberties,
" Privileges, Laws and Cuftoms.

The Governour would by no Means condefcend to the delivering
up of the young Qiieen, becaufe of the many bad Confequences
that mighr follow upon it : But he very generoufly told the Ambaf-
fador, that he had no Regard ot his own Place, providing that the
refigning of it fhould be for the Good of his Sovereign and Nation :
So calling a Council, the King of England's Propofals were read to
them, and they agreed to the following Articles.

That the Glmen fhould be delivered to the King 0/ England xvhen The Go--
fhe ivas ten Tears old, providing that before p^e went out of the Realm pof>iV!bo'^
fhe were Contr ailed by Procurators, and that Pledges fhould be given ''"'^"''*'
for the Performance thereof and that there fhould be a perpetual
Peace., Sec. during thefc Negotiations.

The EngUp) AmbafTador was not wanting in the mean Time in Thep.niio™
paying faithfully to the Engltfh Lords, as they were now called, the King of t'.
Penfions that were fettled upon them for carrying on of this Match, fy'ng o'nVh'i
amongft whom we find by Sir Ralph Sadler s Letters, that the Earl **»"»*«".
of oAngus had 200 Pound Sterling ; The Earls of Glencairn and
Cajjilsy each of ihem ZOO Merks Sterling, the Mafler of Maxwell
100 Pound Sterling, the Lord Grays Friends 380 Merks Sterlings
Sir George Douglas and his Friends lOO Pounds Sterling. And Sir
Ralph in a Letter to the Duke of Suffolk, dated the loth of April
defires him to fend the 100 Pound Sterling, which was payable
monthly to the Earl, of <»/^w^«j, who, fays he, craves his Penfion,
might be made lOO Pound a Month. And thefe Sums, fays Sir
Ralph, prevailed fo far with fome of them, that they promifed that
if the Governour would not condefcend to the Articles propofed
by King Henry ; That they would condudt any Army that his Majcfly
plcafed to fend from Carlifle to Glafgow, and to fhow him the moft
iroper Methods for conquering the Kingdom : They promifed
ikewife (fays lie) to give up to King Henry all Scotland on the
South Side of fbrth, and particularly all the flrong Holds which
were in tiieir Hands, and which were the Keys to the Wefl Marches.
This is in a Letter to the King o( England, dated May firfl, 154J.

The Govcrnour in a Letter to King Henry, dated the 4th of May
the fame Year, tells him, That he had Tent for Ambaffadors for
the final ending of the Marriage, and concluding a perpetual Peace-
Wil^ic>n 1-arl of Glencairn, and Sir George Douglajs, who was very

f)reffing to be employed in tiiis EmbafTy. Becaufe, fays Sir Ralpfi^
-Jc hoped Kini^ Henry would confcnt to the Articles propofed, it
being impofliblc to oDtain any more at that Time, efpecially fince
Jie got Security for the Performance, by having the Governour's
Son lit his own Hands : But above all, if the Kin^ of England

O o o Z would

I

2dQ ^^« Life 0/ MARY, ^een oj acoimnu. vol. }]l

r^-^^^^ would not condefccnd to thcfc Articles, to fhow him how he might
CK^ conquer tlic Country after the caficft Manner ; yet notwithftanding
of all tiiis thefe Inftrudlions noways pleafed the Kin^ oi England:
So Sir George DougLis that execrable Traitor was fcnt back again
to Scotland with new In{lru<ftions. The Subftance of which were,
«' That the Queen fhall be delivered at ten Years of Age, Tliat fix
ef?n«/w''" Earls or Barons or their Heirs be incontinently after the Conclii-
r,opoJ'" " fion of tlie Treaty delivered as Hoflagcs, That the Lords appoin-
bo..tji>e « jgj |jy ji^g Tarliament fhould be about the Qijccn during that
" Time, except the Lords Erjkine and Seaton, wlio were violent
.{ OppoVcrs of the Match with England, and diat the like Number
" oi Englip Teers fhould wait upon her, Thattli6 Marriage fhall be
" folemni/ced at tlie Queen's' being twelve Years of Age, That fhe
*' fhall have as great Dowrie as is commonly given to the Queens
" o( England y that a perpetual Peace fhall be concluded, Tiiat if
« polTible, the Hoflages for the Marriage fhould be the fame for
« the Peace. And Lajlly, That the Governour continue till and
" during the Marriage, and that for his Suflenance, he fhall enjoy
« the whole Revenue during his Government, excepting fuch a Por-
« tion to the Queen, as her Dignity and Degree requireth ".

The Governour no fooner received this Memorial, but he called
the Parliament, where feveral Articles were agreed to, Ml extant
in the Records of Parliament among the written A(5ls (a), The
Subf^ance of which are, " That the Queen fhall be delivered to the
" Kind's Maicfty of England, or the Prince his Son, at the tenth
Article* « Year" of her Age j providing. That the Marriage be made before
co^erning « ^^g clcpartcd out of the Realm by Procurators ; That fix Earls ot
•8«'. "" " Barons or their Heirs fhall be given as Pledges to the King's
" Maiefly of England for the Performance of the fame j That the
" Lords appointed by Parliament fhall have the Cuflody of the
*' Queen's Perfon ; That the King of England ma.y fend anyhonoii-
" rable Man, and a Lady with Attendance not exceeding twenty,
" to wait upon the young Qiieen, and remain upon the King of
" England's Expences ; That her Dowary be fpecified and menti-
*' oned in the Contrad: ; That there be a perpetual Peace betwixt
♦< the two Realms ; That the Prifoners of Scotland be put to a rea-
" fonable Ranfom ; That if the Queen be married to the Prince
" of England, and if he fhall happen to die without Heirs lawfully
" gotten of her Grace, her Grace fhall be delivered into the Realm
" o( Scotland free and unmarried to any other Man ; That at the
" delivering of the Queen, my Lord Governour fhall be fufficiently
" difcharf»ed of all his Intromiflions with the Regents, ($'c. of the
«' Crownt That if the Marriage fhall be compleated, the Realm
« of Scotland fhall brook the Name of Scotland, with all its Liber-
« ties which it has had in all Time bygone, and to be ruled by a
« Governour who fhall be alwife a Scots Man, and only fuJDJetfl to
" Scots Laws and Cufloms.

The

_ — ■ ' ——11 ii I 1 1 .

(») Amooga the K.ccoiil« ia (lit PailumcBC Heulci.

Vol- HI. ^Je Life of MARY, C^^een o/" Scotland. 141

The King of England was fo well pleafed with thefe Articles, ^^^
that upon Sunday the ift oi July I545> '^^ concluded the Treaty '-*^Ai■
with the Scots Ambafliidors. And King Henry in a Letter to the
Covernour oi the lift of July, commends him for his Courage n.ge'i* .-""
andConrtancy in adhering to the Agreement, and tells Iiim, That Fu"f'.h«''"
he iiad appointed his AmbafTador to^ give him his Advice cortcer- /«"/."n'/rh;
ning it. And the Covernour in a Letter to the King of England^ ^""''°'-
dated the 18th oi July, afTures him, That he will be firm and fixed
in obfcrving the Agreement, and returns him his Thanks for his
AHiftance, and promifes to fupprefs all Infurrecffions that fhould
be raifed in Oppofition to it.

On the other Hand, the Cardinal who had been imprifoned as Th«Q2«if
we have faid in die Caftle of St. Andreivs, made hisEfcape by the ?CT\l)sii
Adiflance of tiie Lord Seaton ; and he, the Qiieen Dowager, and \^\ N'tfn"'
fcvcrals of the Nobility met at Linlithgow upon tlie 2. id of 7«/y, ^pp°{J ''j*.
where diey entered into a Bond, by which they obliged themfelves ^'i''*^-. '
to ftand by one another with their Lives and Fortunes, in Oppofi-
tion to this Match with England : For the Cardinal and tjie Clergy
very well forefaw, that if this Match with England fhould hold, ""it
would necefiarly bring on fuch a Reformation in Scotland, as tliat
Avhich King Henry had begun in England; Therefore they contri-
buted largely to oppofe it. The Nobility who joined them were
loath to break the old League with France, which they and their
PredecelTors had fo often fworn to obferve inviolably. Befides, tjiey
diought that fuch a Match mufl: needs prove the Glory and
Happinefs oi England, and at the fame Time the Ruin o^ Scotland;
which from an independent Kingdom, fhould foon dwindle into the
Nature of a tributary rrovince,but the whole-Difficulty was to gain the
Governor to dieir Side, and to effe(5luate this, they propofed a
Match betwixt his eldcft Son and the young Queen, but this had
no Weiglit with him, for if the young Queen died, he was decla-
red by Adt of Parliament her next Heir, and by the Marriage of
his Son with the Princefs EUz^abeth; if the young Prince of Wales
died, his Children would fucceed to the Crown of England, Co
that he and his Pofterity might come to enjoy both Kingdoms :
So the Parliament being call a and met, he fwore to tlie Treaty in
Prcfence of Sir Ralph Sadler in the Church o( Holy-Rood-Houfey
upon the 15 of aydugujl, and in a Letter of the fame Date to Kint^
Henry, the Governor acquaints him. That he had fign'd the Trea-
ty, and given his Solemn Oath for the keeping of all ''the Articles,
in bodi Contracfls of Peace and Marriage, in Prefence of his Am-
baflador, and that he, had CemSiiCeorge Meldrum oi Fayue with
the figncd Treaty, having the great Seal of Scotland apepended to
it, and requires nis Majeftv to ratify, cdnfirrii, and give his Oatli
for obfcrving the fame,, in like Manner as he had fent his, and on
the 16th of (iAuguJl, lie caus'd proclaim the Peace at Edinhrgh,
us it appears from his Letters to King Henry of that pate: A Copy

r p p of

241 The Life o/MARY, ^een 0/ Scotland. Vol. I If.

f:*^'^i>^ of this n'Mi'd Treaty is to be fccn amoriKft Sir James Jialfonr's Col-

An. 15S7. •■"•-' O,',., O J J

^^\''*j le(ftions in the Lawyers Library.

Tlic Lords of the French fadlioh, finding, that there was no

PoHibility of gaining the Governor, they font over to France for the

Karl of Lennox^ to whom they promifed the Ciovernincnt of the

JJ;«^J.«iof]^i,ijT(Joni during the Qj.icen's Minority, in place of the Larl of

"«» f""" Arran, and to declare lum the next lawful Heir to the Crown; the

pofeihe King of /r^«ff likewiie promiled to adilt him with Men and Mo-

""'^'" ney. Buoy'd up with thefe Hopes and Promifes, he takes (hipping

and lands fafely at Leith^ the next Day he vifited the Covernour

at the Palace of Holy- Rood- HohJci and finding how Affairs flood

betwixt him and the Queen Mother, in a icw Days after, he went

to Linlithgow, where lie was very joyfully received by the Qiieen

Mother, and all the Lords of the French Fadlion. The Govcrnour

finding tliis, refblved to feize upon *ie Perfon of the young Queen

( who was then in the Cuftody of the Lords in the French Interc(l)

but they prevented him, for they having raifed fuddenly an Army

of 4000 Men, they tranfported her from the Palace of Linlithgow^

iiul^'iTi where (he had been from her Birth, under the Protedfion of the

f^!o''s'tir'- Loid Living Jlon, to the Csidle of Stirling; where fhe was commit-

commmca ted to the Care of the' Lord Erskine the Governour of the Caflle;

jV'oV?he°' and to him was allbciate the Lords Livingjlon, Fleming and

Lord£rih«. ^litljrueny And a Proclamation was ilfued our, fummoning all the

Members of the three Eftates of Parliament to be Witnefs to the

Qiieen's Coronation at Stirling the next Month, being September :

„ . And accordingly upon the 4th Day of that Month, fhe was crow-

She IS crow- „ ■ i- ^ •' ■ , n "^ i o i I ,r

ned >t siir- ncd at Stirling with great romp and Solemnity in the Year 154 J.
"'" The Governour of the Realm, the Earl of Arran, being prefent at

the Ceremony.

In the mean Time, the King of England made an open Viola-
Kin|»»7 tion of the Treaty; for Sir George Meldrum had no fooner arrived
w't mtde at London, and delivered the figned Treaty to King Henry to be
rei'noui','^°" ratified by him, but he fent him back to Scotland without doing
it. And in his Letter to the Governour, dated the id of September
he fays, He knew Sir George zvould be ufeful to him in the prefent
Commotions, for which Reafon he had fent him dozen -without rati-
fying the Treaty, which he vjould do in a fhort Time, and fend it
to him. But Sir George was no fooner gone from London, but he
caufed feize upon all the Scots Ships without rhe leafl Provocation
or Reafon given. The News of this no fooner came to Scotlandy
but the whole Country was highly incenfed againft the King of
England, in fo much, that Sir Ralph Sadler in his Letter to the
Duke of Suffolk, dated the 4th of September^ and in feveral others
spot which after that, complains, That the Mob infulted over him to fuch a
*«o'u?°j^1«s Degree that he was not in fafety of his Life. However, the Pen-
MctS7""d fionary Lords continued flill firm to the Intereft of the EngUfh
% F»«V" King ; but the Governour finding, that the King of England's De-
inte.cft. f]gn ^yas only to have the young Qyeen in his Cuftody, he joined

the

Vol. III. The Life of MARY, ^een of Scotland. Z^

the Queen Mother and the Lords in the French Intereft, which ^^"^^
difappointing Lennox of his Expedations, he on the other Hand ^^^^^J^
joined tlic penfionary Lords, and declared himfelf for the Emlifh
Match. ^ ■'

King Henry, to palliate his unaccountable Violation of the
Treaty, in a Letter to the Governour complains, That the Hoftaces
for Terformance of what was agreed to were not entered; upon
this the Governour call'd a Council, and findin^r that nd Man
would enter himfelf an Hoftage, but upon Afllirance of the Peace
concluded betwixt the Two Realms, it was refolved to fend none
thither, till once the Treaty was fign'd, fworn to, and fent down,
according to Agreement : King Henry, finding that he was like to
be difappointed, in his Defign of getting tlie young Queen in his
Cuftody, in a Letter to the Duke of Suffolk, dated the 14th of
September : He exprefly orders him to enter Scotland with his For-
ces, and, if pofTible, to feize the Governour and Cardinal, and to
burn the City of Edinburgh, yet notwithftanding of all this, the
Governour (till preOed, that the Treaty fhould be fign'd, and Sir
Ralph in his Letters to tiie Duke of Suffolk, and the Bifliop of
Durham, dated the 24th of September, favs, / am in Hopes, that
they (meaning the Scots) will effeaually perform the Treaty, in
cafe it fhall pleafe the Kmgs c^ajefy to accept the fame, but to ren-
der King Henry altogether unaccountable in his Proceedings. In his
Anfwer to this of the 30th ofSepeember, he tells Sir Ralph, that
he would not accept of the Conditions of the Treaty, nor would
he have gone fo far in the Matter, had not the Scots AmbaHadors
alTured him. That if he accepted the Treaty as then agreed to by
the Eftates of the Parliament of Scotland, he would carry whatfo-
cver he pleafed ; and in the fame Letter he defires him to acquaint
the penfionary Lords, to endeavour to get the Governour and
Cardinal delivered up to him, or depofed ; to appoint 11 Noble
Perfons to have the Government of the Kingdom, and 8 others
to have the Cuftody of the young Queen, and thofe to be removed
tiiat were about her, that he might with the greater Eafe accom-
plifh iiis Defign of carrying her away, and in a Letter to the Duke
of Suffolk of the fame Date : He orders him to enter Scotland with
his Forces, and to ravage the Borders; Sir Ralph having imparted
his Mafter's Propofals, to the penfionary Lords, favs in his Letter
" to the Duke o( Suffolk, dated on the 5th of OMr, "That their
" Anfwer was, That if the King's Majcfty would advance a conve-
« nient Sum of Money, with which they might levy Souldiers, they
« would bcficge the Cardinal in his Caftle of St. Andrews, and en-
" dcavour to get both the young Queen and him into his Cuftody,
« but that It could not be eafily acomplifhed, becaufe Edinburgh,
« Stirling and "Dtmbartoun Caftles werein the Enemies Hands ; not-
« withftanding of all this, fays he; if he had Money, they did not
" know what might be done.

f p p a Albcir

244 '^^f J-'f^ °f MARY, Qjtrtn of ScotlanJ. Vol. \\\.

'^'^^^•^ About this Time arrived 5 Ships from France, witli 6/yy)
«A/^. pQLind Sterling [a) of Money, and Arms and Ammunition for the
.tch'nf'l^^- £a,l of Lennox ; with thefe Ships came Fraicis Contarenus Patriarch
7.om"l'"LotFenice, and Lcgat for the Kin<;dom, from Pope Pml the ^d,
Arm";n'7'as 1 ilccwife fiom the French Kinj; Mr. la Broche, Mr. Q^enager and
^^"'m'lhT Mr. Jnorat. The Fre7jch noways doubting but the Ivarl of Lennox
f,«V'o was in their Intcrefl, delivered to him the Money, Arms and
l/h.^"' "^ Ammunition, with which he mimediately levied an Army, and
uhnfr A.my ^gjj^f^ loined by the Penfionary Lords, he marched Araight to
'the Go'vet-' i^gifl^ [)i,t by the Mediation and prudent Condud of the Cardinal
and the Earl of Hmtly then at Edinhurgh^ an Agreement was
made betwixt him and the Governour, which Lennox fealed with
a folemn Oath ; and Sir George Donglns and Glencatrn\ eldert: Son
were "iven up to the Governour as Hoftages for obferving the
Peace : But fix Days after, the Governour having cone to Lin-
lithgoiv, the Earl ot Lennox in the night Time, ported to Glajgow,
where he raifed a new Army, and fortify'd the Town and CaJlU ;
In the mean Time, Sir George Douglas falling Sick a: Dalkeith,
the Governour went to vifit him, which King Henry having got
notice of, in a Letter to Sir George, dated the 6th ot October, lie
reprehends him fliarply for not apprehending tlie Governour,
which he excufed, becaufe became under Truft, and out of Kind-
nefs to fee him : But he and all the other Penfionaries promife
in a fhort Time to deliver to him not only the Governour, but the
Qiieen and the Cardinal ; which he earneftly puts them in mind
of in another Letter written in Odoher, and in a Minute written
by Mr. U^jarton the 27th of Odoher, he orders him to difpatch
one into Scotland to advife the Eaii of Jngus to befiege the Caftle
of Stirling^ in which the Queen and Governour then were, and in
a Letter to the Governour he threatens him feverely, to which the
Governour returned a fuitable Anfwer.

Sometime after this, the Governour having raifed an Army,
marched ftraight to Glafgow, where Glencairn, the Lairds of T«7-
lihardine, Houjlon, Buchannan, a^acfarlincy Drumwhaftle and
others of the Shire of Ranfrew, were got together expeding Len-
nox, with another Army from Dumbartoun Shire to join them. They
havinc got notice of the Governour's Defign, marched out to meet
him a'fjout a Mile from Glafgow, on a plain Field called the Muir
of Glafgow ; they no fooner came in fight of other, but they im-
mediately fell to Adion, and for a long Time the Vi<StoTy was du-
bious ; but at length Lennox Followers were put to the Fliglu, and
and the Governour purfued them into the City, where a great ma-
ny were taken Prifoners, and afterwards fet at Liberty upon the
Lord :Boy^'s Defire, the principal Perfons being only'f^ned; yet
there was a Party that ftill kept theCaflle and Steeple of the Church
next to the Ca'ftle : Thefe the Governour befieged, and forced
them to furrender at Difcretion. Upon which, he caufed 18 of the

leading

U) UOy dt Ccftci $<:«[. Lib. io,f>g- 4iS.

Vol. III. rije Life 0/ MARY, ^gff^j/\Scocland. ^

leading Men aitiongft them to be put to Death, and thc^ reft fet it '>*^^
Liberty : h'^ tliis Addon a good Number of tlic Citizens, and others' ^^^V^
of Lennox Followers were; killed, and a great many more of them'
had fallen, liad it Jlot been for the Govcrnour's innate Clemency,
who favcd as many of them as he could.

Not long after this, the Lord Sowmervel was apprehended with
Letters to the King of England, containing High Treafon : For in
rhcm the penfionary Lords defirc King Henry to rely upon his In-
formation concerning their Refolutions, and the Mcafurcs they had
taken for feizing and dcHveringup'to him the Queen, the Govcrnour
and his Brother the Treafurer, tlie burning of the Town of Hamil-
ton, and the murdering of the Cardinal. All which appears from
Sir Ralph's Letttrs to the Duke 0^ Suffolk, dated the nth of JVo-
nieniher. Tiic Earl df aAngus and the Lbrd a^dxzvell havin>> un-
tJeitaken to mediate d Peace betwixt tiic Earl of Lennox an^ the
Govcrnour, they were both feizeid upon, and (ent Prifoners to the
Governour'3 Palace" at Hamilton, and afterwards, to the Caftle of
Slacknefs, where they were kept under ftrong Guards.

The Govcrnour having now difcovered tiic Defigns of the Kin<T
6f England, and liis penfionary Lords, called a Parliament, whicfi
met upon the 4th of December 1545, ^"'^ annulled the Marriage
with England, by the following Ad.

Vndecimo BecemhYh feptima dies Parliamcnti, Domino Ctibcr^
natore prafente cum tribus Regni Jlatibtis.

THE milk Bay, annentis the ^Article proponed touching Veace TheM.m-
and Contrails of (^arria^e lately tane and made betzuixt the '^J^'qI,;^"
QyJmbaJjadorS of our Sonjerctigri Lady the Glueens Grace, and Com- "^"'^"■^""of
tnijjaries of the Kingdom of England, betzvixt our Jaid Sovereign f^'tf aTo?
I^ady, and Edward Prince 0/ England, Son and abparent Heir to the '""'""""'
King of England, gif the Jamen Jhould be objernjit and kcepit or
tiocht : c^dy Lord Go-virnour, and the Three EJlates of Parliament
findis, that the [aid Pece.ivas taken, concluded and endit in the Be-
ginning of the Monet o/Julay laji by paft, betzvixt the Jaid s Ambaf-
Jadcrs and Commijjarics of bayth the Kcalmis, and the Seal is to have
been interchangit betzvixt and the firjl Day of September next there-
after, cxclufivc, and the Jaid Pece was proclamit bayth in England
tJnd Scotland, and throzv Pretence thereof the Merchandis of Scotland
putt their Schippis and Goodis, to the Sea, and long before the faid
first Day 0/ September they zvere takin by Inglifmen, and haldin
ihejyijclfis, Gaire and Schippis, ahd Goodii as Zjet unrejlorit, bot
Aetmit as Enemies, notzvithfanding of the Jaid Pece, and diver Je
Mejfagcs Jem for delivering df them, quhair thrdzv the Jdid King of
Lnglund has vwlat'and drakein the Jaid Pece : And thsrcfore, and
lecaujc the Jaid Contrail of Marriage was grantit for tht faid Pice}
to have been had objervii and kept betwixt the Twa Realmis; ijuhilk
tiijs not keepitf but brokin and violat by the Jaid King of England

Q.q q as.

11^6 The Life of MARY, ^een of Scotland. Vol. 11 f.

nVV*^ ^j f^jd is, and alfe becatife my Lord Governour fens batth the Con-
t?V*^ tracts of Marriage and Pece ratifiet, approvit and fzvom by him,
and fealit luith our Soveraign Ladys Grit Sealle, according to thi
Jridentis before the f aid fir ft Day 0/ September, and canfit thefameri
to be deliverit to the faid King, quha was requirtt by the yfmhajja-
doris^ Jent b)my Lord Governonr to have deliverit the faid Contra^/ is
infick like Manner ratifet, aVprovit and Jworn by hirn, and refufet
to do the Jamin. My Lord Governour, and Three Eft ales of Par-
liament forefaid, has dcclarit, and declaris the faid Contradlis to be
expyrit in thcmjclfis, and not to be keepit in Time coming, for the
Part of Scotland.

The Earl of Lennox finding that the Governor was mucl\ more

iLwx'fub- powerful, then he fent one Thomas Bijhop one of his principal

io^he*"Kmg Gentlemen, to King Henry with a Trotier of his Service, and a

flr'^hKh'ho Propofal of Marriage betwixt him and Lady Margaret 1)oHgla[s,

ijfo.teiicJ. j)j^ugh[cr to the Earl of Angus and King Henrys Niece : The King

of England very willingly went into the Propolal, and at a Meeting

at Carltfle, the following Articles were agreed to betwixt the Lord

Wharton for King Henry, and the Earl of Lennox y upon the 17th

Day of May 1 544. (a).

Firfi, Tile Earl of Lennox will be King Henrys Subjecfl and Ser-
vant, and ferve him againll all that fhall impugne his Grace's Title
in Scotland, or ehe\i'here.

2.dly, That he will furrender into his Majefty's Hands the Caftle
of Dumbarton, as alfo the Ifle of 'Btite^ and help him to win the
Caftle of Rothefay there.

i^dly. That when the King, having the Direcflion of the Realm
of Scotland, fhall have made him Governor, the faid Earl fhall
never call Parliaments, nor do any Matter of any great Moment
without the King's Advice.

4//;/y, That he fhall forefee that his Pronepte be not convoyed
out of Scotland, but to ftrive to get her Perfon into his Cuftody,
and to deliver her into the King's Hands.

5/^/y, That becanfe the King hath upon his earneft Suit given
him Leave to marry his Grace's Niece the Lady Margaret Douglafs,
the faid Earl bindeth himfelf to endow her with the yearly Jointure
of 500 Merks Sterling.

6thly, That the Knig, in Confederation of the LofTes which the
faid Earl fhall fuftain in France by this Agreement, will ^ive him
and his Heirs PolTeflion in England of 1700 Merks Sterling.

ythly, That the King will aid the faid Earl in Scotland for two
or three Months with 500 Men, befldes fuch Men as his Grace will
fend to take and keep Dumbarton. And Lafly, That the King
having obtained the Rule and Diredion of the Kingdom, will con-
flitute the faid Earl Governor. And thefe Articles were figned by
the Earl himfelf upon the 26th of June : For which, in a Alceting

of

i') Vtd. Heib. Ilift. of He«. VIU. Pag. jio.

Vol. III. The Life of MAKY, ^een of Scotl-.id. I^

of the Eftates of Parliament in the Month of 06lober^ he was moft '"^•^rf^
JLiftly forfeited : And the French King having got notice of this vjiv»v
Agreement, did likewife forfeit and imprifon \m Brother {a) John
Stewart Lord uiubigny, Governourof Avignon, and Captain of the
Gens des oArmes, upon which followed a War betwixt the two
Kingdoms.

In the Year 1(548, the Governour having called a Parliament,
whicli met in a Monaftery hard by Haddington (l>), it was unani- im.n^«,'3
moufly refolved by the Three Eftates of Parliament, that for the '° ^'""'
Prefervation of the young Queen, who was now about fix Years of
Age, that fhe fhould be lent to France, wiiere fhe fhould remain till
fucii Time as her Years allowed her to marry : And the League
being renewed betwixt the two Nations of Scotland and France^
Mr. de ViUegngnon, by Order of the Parliament, fet fail from Pill-
land Firth, and coafting alongft the Ifles, they came (Ireight to
Dumbarton., where the Qiieen Mother (c) delivered her Daughtct
the young Queen to the Lord de Brez^euieing, even then, fays Mr.
'Beague, one of the mod perfect Creatures the Author of Nature
had ever framed, for her Match was no where to be feen, nor had
the World another Child of her Fortune and Hopes.

Tile Perfons to whofe Care fhe was intrufted, was the Lords
Erskine and Fleeming, and for her Governant was . appointed the
Lady Beeming., and for her Maids of Honour, a^ary Livingjlony
Daughter to the Lord Livingfon, Mary Fleeming, Daughter to the
Lord Flecming, Mary Seaton, Daughter to tJie Lord Seatbn, and
Q^ary Beaton, Daughter to the Laird of Balfour. They arrived
fafely at Breft, having efcaped the Englif) Fleet, who' lay in wait
for her ; and from Brejl fhe was convoyed to the Court bf St. Ger'
mans, where fhe was received with great Pomp and Splendor : And
to do her the more Honour, the Scots Guards were naturalized Scots
Men : Which Letters of Naturalization granted in the Montli of
Jslovember i ^^"j, and verified in the Chamber of Compts i itli of
February 1 548, are to be feen in the MS. CoUecftion of the Treaties
betwixt Scotland and France, which I have feen in the Libraries of
George Earl of Winton, and George Earl of Ct-omarty.

After her Arrival in France, her two Uncles, tlie Duke of Guije wg" ^"X
and the Cardinal of Lorain took all imaginable Care about her liXcMi.
Education ; and being endowed with avail Capacity and Spritlinefs
of Wit, in a fhort Time fhe was Mafter of the Jrench, Latin, Spanijh
and Ad/w« Languages, befidesthe other Accomplifhments requifitc
for a Perfon of her Sex and Quality, fuch as Dancing, Singing,
Needle-work, (^c. in which fhe excelled any of her Age ; fo tiiac
the Eyes of all Europe were upon her : And M. Rapin tells us, That
in the 14th Year of her Age Ihe declaimed in a Ciceronian Stile of
Latin belore the whole Court of France, and compofed Poems
that iud all the Beauties and Charms of Wit and Eloquence.

Q^ q q 1 In

(«) Vti. UOjUAun. i)4l|. (i; Ib,d. Lib. la Ptl^^}. (0 Mf. B«>(uc'i lUt. of tbclCtmr. if4»»ailM^

24.8 The Life of M A R Y, Qsjeen of Scotland. Vol. f/f.

r>^/\^ In the bt^i^inning of the Month of September I55^> ^'""^ (^necn
\^^ Mothci- went' to Friince to fee her i fhc was accompaniocl by the

i^A*-^ MOtllCl \vi;ml hj j/i."i.v v^ , WW*. »»^v. |-" J

To.'hc'H- old Countcfs of Muntlyy the Earl of f/«w//j her Son, the Coiintcfs
;"fic'hr '° of //««//>, the Earls of e^arifchdl, Sutherland and 6'^/;A ; and a
ercat many other Pcrfons of Qiiality : They landed at Af// upon
the 14th oi October, and the /W«c^ King met her at Roar/, where,
after they had ftay'd for fome Days they went to Paris, and from
thence to the City of Blois, where fhc llay'd all that Winter with

her Daua,hrcr. . r » • ,

Haviivj, attained to a competent Age for Marriage, there arolc
Thttearircf ^^^^i Dcbatcs both m France and Scotland about it : For the Duke
bouVi" *' of Guifc and tlic Cardinal of Lorain her two Uncles, prefTcd ear-
'^"'''^'' ncf\ly that fhe fhould be married to the Daupiiin of France- The
Duke of c^ontnwrancy Conflable of France (a), was for marrying
her to fome of the Princes of tiie Blood, and for fending tlicnn
immediately to Scotland : Becalufe faid he, Wlien Princes are ab-
fent from dieir own Dominions, commonly their Subjeds rebel,
which if Scotland fhould do< it would be both expenfive and dif-
ficult for France to reduce them ; and thereby, inflead oi' making
France the better by her Marriage with the Dauphin, it would make
it in a far worfe Condition in Scotland. The Duke of Chattelhe-
raidt forefceing that this Marriage might be prejudicial to his Fami-
ly ; he oppofed it with all his might, and caufed a Report to be
fpread amon^ft tJie Vulgar, that rhe Qiieen Mother and the French
King had a Defi'Mi to fubjecft Scotland as a Province to France :
And although he° raifed die Country in a Rebellion a;gainft her,
yet he could not put a Stop to the Marriage : For the King of
But.ti.ng.u fi^^nce having demanded her in Marriage for his Son the Dauphin,
'' '* t"^ a Parliament was called at Edinburgh in the Month of 'December
Vo 1 557, And die three Eflates of Parliament agreed to the Marriage,
'*''"■ and fbnt the following Commiffioners to be prefent at die Solem-
nity, lames Beaton Archbifhop of Glaf^ow, David Bi/hop of Rojs
Secretary, Robert Bifhop q( Orkney Preiident of the SefTion, James

Prioi- of St Andrews the Qiieen's Baftard Brother, George Earl of

""'" Rothes, Gilbert Earl of Caffils, James Lord Flemirig, George Lord
"'i- Seaton and John Erskine of Dun, Provoft of oMontrofe.

They embarked at Leith in the Month of February i 558, and
by a cr6at Storm one of their Ships wljich carried their Horfes,
^vas fhipwrackt at St. zAbb's Head ; and another wherein the Earl of
Rothes and the Bifhop of Orkney were, with all the Furniture for
the Marriage, which was very rich and fumptuous, was fhipwrackt
nigh to Bouloign upoii the Coafl of France : But die Earl and the
Bifhop made their Efcape in the Ship's Boat, w|iich brought them
fafely to Land, all the refl of the Fleet arrived fafely at Bouloign :
From whence the Commiffioners went flreightto Paris, where they
were nobly received and entertained by the French King, and upon
the 18th o^ Jprii 1558, it was agreed betwixt them (b) and th&

French

(») MtUH'j Mem. 1". 17. t*) t'om 0\t »bev(citcd MS. penes Comiicm de- WiMoa k Qom, de t'oonrtj

tint (h
(hould
married to
the Diuphin.

The Cotn
Biiflioners
that were
fent
prefent at
the Mitri-
age

Vol. III. The Life of MARY, §jieen of Scotland. 149

French Commiflioneis, " Tliat tlic Qiiecn fhould be married to the JJ^j^

" Dauphin upon the i^th ; That if her Husband the Dauphin comes ^■''V^

" to be King ot France, fhe fhall liave 60000 Livrcs Tcurnois per

" yinnum ; Tliat the eldcfl: Son of the Marriage fhall fucceed to

" both Kingdoms, and that the Arms of both Kingdoms fhall be

" quartcreciand joined togedier ; That if it fhall pleafe God that

" her Majefty have a Daughter only and no Son, then fhe is to

" marry by the Advice and Confent of both Kingdoms ; and fhall

" liave for I'lcr Portion 400000 Crowns of the Sun, and to each

" of the young Daughters if any, 300000; That the States oi Scot-

*' land fhall rake an Oath of Fidelity and Allegiance to tliem ".

Both tiicfe Articles being fworn to and' fubfcribed by both Parties,

ihc Scots Commiflloners fwore Allegiance to her Majefty and hci'

Husband the Dauphin upon the 28th at the Lowure. And it was

further agreed, " That the Scots in France fhould be held and rc-

" putcd, and have all the Privileges of native French Men, as thd she iimT.

« French fhould be likewife in Scotland". And the Ceremony ofoihrn."''*

the Marriage was performed in Nojlre Dame at Taris, in Prefence

of the French King and the whole Court of France^ upon the l^th

of ^pril 1 558-

Tile Solemnities of the Marriage were no fooner over, but i
Propofal was made for complementing the Dauphin with the Ma-
trimonial Crown : But this was oppofed by the Earls of Rothes and
Cajjils, the Lord Fleming and the Bifhop of Orkney. And all of s.v„.i of
them dyino; lliddenly at Diep in their Return to Scotland, it was ^'„^;;;,o.
believed tliat they were poifoned by the French : But whatever ""• t'« '"
Truth was in tins, it is certain that the Reformers made a Handle f'oinFr««..
of it to inccnfc the Vulgar againft the French : For they were all
of tlicm well beloved and very popular, die Earl of Rothes being
a Nobleman that was highly favoured by that wife and excellent
Trince James V., to whom be had been long a Privy Counfellor.
The Earl of Cajjils was Lord high Treafurer of the Kingdom. The
Lord Fleming was a young Nobleman of extraordinary Hopes and
Expe(ftations. And the Bifliop of Orkney was one of tlie wifeft and
learnedcfl Prelates of his Age, as we have fhown in the Hiflory of
his Life.

The remaining Commiflioners havinc^ arrived fafcly at Leith, a
Parliament was called and^met at Edinburgh, and the Commiffio*
ncrs having laid before them all their Proceedings in Relation to
the Marriage of the Qiiccn, what they had done was approven of:
Rut when t'licy came to tiic Propofal made by the French, offending „'^nf.r""'
the Matrimonial Crown to the Dauphin, great Debates arof e ^.'"J^ 1*^"^;
amongfl them about it : For the Duke of Chattelhcrault gave in a J;;^ ^?, '•>•
iVotcflation againfl it, as tending to prejudice his Right to the "^'i^'h ih.
C'-rown, if fi)e fhould die without Heirs. Which Proreftation was given ««'i./r«;» '
in by Sir James Hamilton o( Crawford- fohn, and is dated at Edin-l'^Za'.
Ltir^h, loth o\ blo^embcr I $58, and fubfcribed by thefe WitnclFesj
John Arclibifhop oi St. yindreivs, George Earl ot Hitntly, Gtofge

R r r Lord

150 The Life of MARY, ^eerj o/" Scotland. Vol. III.

f^^y^-'^ JordCorJonh^'i^on, Geor£e Commcndatoi oi DnmferMlif/x, John
^^ Lord Horthwick, Mr. Jnclrew Oliphant and John /Cefjo Notar
Piiblick, the penult Day oi November, and tiiis Proccftation is (liU
extant in the Duke of Hamillon\ Charter Chcft, extracfted by yfrchi-
kild PW//;ro/f,Clcrk-Rcgiftcr, yet notwithflanding of this the tllates
of Parliament a<;reed to the fending over the matrimonial Crown,
and the liaarl of aydrgyle and the Prior of St yjndrews were orde-
red to carry it over to the Dauphin : But tlic Reformers or the
Lords of the Congregation as they called thcmfclvcs, know-
ing how ufeful thefe two were for carrying on their Defigns, they
difwaded them from going, and a Petition was prefL-nted to the
Parliament from them, requiring, " That all Adts of Parliament
" a'niinfl: the Proteftants fhould be abrogated or fufpended till u
" lawful "eneral Council fliould meet to decide the Controverfies
" betwixt them, that whoever was accufcd of Hcrefy before tlic
" Temporal Judge, fhould have a Copy of his Accufation delivered
" to him, and a competent Time afllgned him to anfwer, that all
" lawful Defences fhould be received from fuch Perfons, and they
" allowed to except againfl the VVitnefTes according to Law, that
" the Party accufed fhould have Liberty to explain his own Mind,
♦' and diat his Declaration fhould be more believed, than what any
" Witnefl'es could fay againft them, that no Proteflant fhould be
" put to Death for his Religion, till fuch Time as he was convin-
*' ced oi liis Error from the Word of God.

The Parliament returning no Anfwer to this Petition, die Lorcfs
of the Con-^ relation protefted, That fince they could not obtain a
Reformation by the Law of the Land, according to Cod's Word, TIjat
it Oiould be lawful for them to exercife their own Religion according
to the Purity of the Gofpel ; That none of them fhould faff er by this,
either in their Lands, Goods or Lives, by Vertue of former Mts of
'Parliament made in Favours of their Adverfaries ; That zvhatcver
Tumults or Diforders fhould happen betwixt them and their yldver-
faries, f-.ould not be imputed to them. oAnd L?i{i\y, That fince they
had nothing in their V\ew, but the Purity of their Religion, that
they fhould not be lookt upon as Fa^ious and Seditious, but as dutiful
and loyal Subjcds. And this their Proteflation they defired to be
jnfert in the Records of Parliament, but inflead of that, they were
declared Rebels, and from that Time the Country was involved
in a War, the Effedls of which were the utter Ruin and Devaftation
of the Nation ; and the murdering of their lawful Sovereign to the
eternal Difgrace of thofe who under a Pretext of Religion, aded
like incarnat Devils.

During thefe Troubles m Scotland, the Grounds of a War were
laid betwixt £«f AW and /rj«ff, which was occafioned thus, Alary
Qiieen of England dying at St. James s upon the lyth ot No^jc?/;-
ber 1558, was lucceeded'by Princefs H/'^^^f^/A King/Z^wrysDaiigh-
ter by j4nne of Bullen, who was declared a Baftard by Ad of Par-
liament ; whereupon by Advice of the King of France, our Qiicen

as

Vol. 111. The Life of MARY, §lne.en of Scodand. 151'

as next Heir to the Crown of England, in all her piiblick r)ccd7^y^
and J.cttcrs (a), aflunicd this Title, Francis and Mary b) the Gr.ue "^''^"
of God, King md ^fucen of Scotland, England and Ireland ; and 'nr'l?,!,';'
fhc caiifcd t\\c Arnib of England quartered with the Amis of Scot- ImVofl
land to be painted on the Walls of her Palace in the Heraiild Coats, t^s?w "^
ond on all her Plate: This, as I have fliid, not only laid the Grounds
of a War betwixt England and France, but created llich a Hatred
in Queen Eliz,akth againfi: our Qiieen, that f)ie could never lor-
qi\ c her, during the Courfe of her whole Life. Not lonf^ after this
Henry the fecond, King of France dying, the Dauphin and Hie were
proclaimed King and Queen of France, and the Troubles daily
incrcating in Scotland, they fent Mr. Croak a French Gentleman 'i-imcj ''"'
with Letters to the Prior of St. Andrews, the Queen's Baftard Brother, >^""" .""d
and the chief Man amongft the Rebels, wiierein they juflly up- nic «nfe'"o
braided him for his Dilloyalty and Ingratitude towards them, and Ihec^ig't"/
threaten to punifli him feverely, if he does not return to his Duty : '''"°'''
Both thefc Letters are in Lefjs and Spotfivood's Hiftories (I). And
Mr. Petrie in his Hiftory (c^ has given us tiie Prior's Anfwcr to tlie
King, wherein he fays, That he ivas noways confcious to himjelf of
any Thing that he had done amifs, fince all was for the Glory of Gody
and the Advancement of his Kingdom ; and prays that God mivht
Jo illuminate them., as that they might embrace his Truth, and know
his Duty to his poor Subjeiis, his chofen People.

The King's Letter is dated from P^zm the 17th Day of fuly, and
the Queen's the 14th : The Prior's Anfwer to them is dated at
Dumbarton ilth Aiigujl. Sometime after this arrived another
French Gentleman [d), called Odavian, with 4 Regiments of Sol-
diers, and a great deal of Money : Immediately aker he was fent
back again to France to the Qiieen and her Husband with Letters
recjuiring 4 Regiments more, which, with what were already in Scot-
land, would make 10, and with thefe and the 4 Ships that were
lying in the Road of Leith, and a hundred Plorfc, the Queen Mo-
ther allured them, that fhe doubted not to reduce all tlie Rebels in
Scotland to their Duty : In the fame Letters fhe likewife acquainted
the King, that fhc was certainly informed, that the Rebels in Scot-
land had a fecret Correfpondence with fome of his Nobility in
France who favoured the Reformation, and who promifed as much
as was in their Power to obftrudl the fending of Supplies from
France, and that likewife they had wrot to the Proteflant Princes of
Germany, and the King of Denmark for their A/liftance, but that
tiicir gicateft Hope was in the Qiieen of England. Wiiich Letters
arc in the Lawyers Library, amongft thofe given in by the Right
Honourable, the Earl otBalcarras.

About this Time the Earl oi yirran, Son to tiie Duke of Chatcl-
heraull returned from France thro' England, loaded \vitli Recom- ^VZ^iVrl^i
jncndations from Queen Elizabeth, to the Lords of the Congrega- slr'rv,^^";;^
tioii : This young Nobleman had made his Efcape oin of France, ^^'l*^*'^*-

R r r 1 where

2)1 The Life of MARY, Qjfeen of Scotland. Vol. f/[.

A^iC where he was Capcain of the Cf/// /i' c^rwf J. Upon this Occafion
''^^^^'*^ Kinc; J-Icnry of France, upon the 17th of June 154^, gave a I'ond
to the Duke of Chatelheratilt his Father, tlicn Earl of ylrran, obli-
s^inqhimfclf, that in Cafe the (^ucen died without Heirs of Iicr own
Body, and that any Perfon fhould offer to interrupt the I-arl's Suc-
cellion to tlic Crown of Scotland, as next Heir after the Queen's
Dcccale, then, and in that Cafe he fhould fupport and affi/l him
againO; all Opj^ofers whatfoever : And this was ratified by the Kint^,
and his Son the Dauphin the 19th of y^pril 1558, and again rati-
fied by the Dauphin and Qiieen Qy^ary the lafl Day of yfpril i ^^)^.
Puit the Qiicen, fenfible of her Error, revoked this Entailment of
the Crown ; but what did aggravate the Matter more, was, that the
Queen made no Revocation of an Entailment that fhe had made of
the Crown of Scotland to the Crown of France, failing Heirs of her
own Body (a) : But the Truth was, that fhe thought herfelf under
no Obligation to revoke that, being of it felf null ; for it was extor-
ted from her by tiie Court of France when a Child, and witliouc
the Confent of any of her Subjects ; thefe Things having highly
provoked this young Nobleman againfl the Queen's Uncles, by
whofe Advice it had been done, he appeal'd the Duke of Guife to
a Combat, upon which he was ordered to be apprehended ; but
having got timeous Advertifement, he m.ade his Efcape to Englandy
where he was joyfully received, and highly careffed by Queen Elt-
Zjabeth, who lent him, as we have faid, with Letters full of Love
and AfFedf ion to her beloved Friends the LorHs of the Congregati-
on ; and having come to Hamilton, he met with his Father the
Hi.F.ther Duke of Chatelheratilt, and acquainted him of all that had befallen
c*«?;lbl^«/f lii'ii : Upon which both of them took immediately Poft to Stirling^
I'hVRebih?' where they joined the Lords of the Congregation, delivered them
Queen Eliz^nbetlh Letters, and tells them of the Plot of the Gmjes
for uniting the Crowns of Scotland and France, in cafe the Queen
fhould die witiiout Heirs of her own Body, contrary to the Acl: of
Parliament in Favours of their Family. Nothing could be more
acceptable to the Lords of the Congregation, who received them
with Acclamations of Joy : Of all which the Earl of oArran fent a
full Account to Qiieen EUz^abetlh Secretary in a Letter (b), dated
the firfl of September 1 559. After this they marched flreight to
FFamilton, from whence they wrote a Letter to the Queen Mother,
who had fortified Leith, wherein they complain of her Proceedings
in that Matter, as if fhe intended to keep the Country under a ty-
rannical Subjedf ion by a Colony of Strangers ; therefore they ex-
hort her to defift from the fortifying of Leith, otherwife they would
TheyihfM-be obliged to oppofe her Defigns againfl the Common-Wealth.
Ih^'ciu^o'T^^^'^ Letter is dated from Hamilton the lo ot September the fame
Mother. Ygar (c), and fubfcribed by the Duke of Chatelherault, the Earls of
Arran, Ar^le, GUncairn and Monteith, the Lords Ruthven, -Boyd
and Ochiltrie, and a great many Barons and Gentlemen.
At

(«) Vid. Cull, of Orig. Treic. ubi liifri. {.b) SgcMi, Himillon'i MS. Obfeiyatioos upon Buchuiun. (<) IbiJ.

Vol. III. The Life 0/ MARY, ^ccn of Scotland 15^

At the Came Time they wrote a Letter to the Lord Erskine, Go- J^^^
vernour of the Caftles ot Edinhr^h and Stirling, defirinc him to ^'^
join with tliem, and they allured him, that it any by Violence fhould <i™ "'
go about to deprive him of the Government of thofe two important Vo^d'sniX
forts ot tiie Nation, they (hould not be wanting in ailifling of him- '""'"•"•
But that Nobleman was not to be gained by fuch Artifices, for he
continued flill firm to his Loyalty.

The Queeij Mother being (enfible how much the Rebels were
ftrengthnedby the Defe(5lion of the Duke and his Son, fhe fent Sir
Robert Carnegie and Mr. David Borthwick with a Letter of Credit
to the Duke, and they endeavoured all they could to reclaim iiim The Queen
and his Son to their Duty, by promifing them all Manner of Satif- dlT»o","o
fadlion, and fhowing how they liad no Manner of Reafon to debate, ^'ukelnVh*
that as long as the Queen was alive, and might in all Probability J""- ''"' '"
have Children of her own Body : And as for their fuggeftinc^ to the
People, that fhe defigned to enflave the Nation, nothing could be
more ridiculous; for did not the Kingdom already belong inRialit
to her Daughter and her Husband the King of France, and that flie
never required the Adiftance of foreign Forces till fuch Time as they
rofe up in Rebellion againft lier, and entertained a League with the
Englip, the ancient Enemies of the Kingdom ; fo that whatever
Pretences tliey might make, it was plain that they aimed at nothin<y
but the Crown : But all this was in vain, for the Duke and his Son
were inflexible.

In the mean Time the King and Queen being informed of the
Troubles that were raifed in Scotland by the Reformers, fent over th. King
to Scotland Mr. de Pelluce Bifliop of Amiens, and afterwards Cardinal "L %'"
and Arch-Bifhop of Sens, and three Dodors of the Sorbonne, Dr. bX' 'tf
Furmer, Dr. Brochet and Dr. Ferretier, to accommodate Matters .l"""^- „""*
amicably with them : The Bifhop came in Qiiality of Legate from "J '*" ■^•'-
the Pope, with Inftrudlions from Queen ^yklary and her Husband "mnodlte*
for this EfFedl, as it appears from his Inftru(ffions flill extant in the toVpui-"*
Lawyers Library at Edinburgh (a). They arrived at Leith with a '^'""
Convoy of lOOO Foot, under the Command of Monfieur le Broche,
but they were fo far from hearing of an Accommodation, that they
would not fo much as meet with thefe Do(flors ; and Things were
carried to fuch Extremities by them, that fhe was obliged to declare
them Rebels : And on the other Hand, they as reprefenting the
Nobility and Commons renounced her Authority ; and in a Meeting,
where the Lord Ruthven was chofen Prefes, a Alotion was made for
turning her out of the Regency, but they would do nothing in ir,
till they had confulted with their Miniflcrs ; and they accordingly
having met with them, very freely gave their Opinions that fhe
ought to be turned out of the Regency, as a Pcrfecutor of God's Th., „.
People and Church : Upon which, without the Authority or Con- i1^"mo'
fent either of Queen or Parliament, they difcharged her of her Jhonly,^^
Regency upon the iifl Day of October 1559, and freed themfelves t{'\'i'l\[

S ^ C for «"^'-

{») Vid. M/.Cxfrfutd'tColUa.

154 ^^ L^f' 0/ MARY, giueen of Scotland. Vol. \\\.

aT^I^ for the Future of all Obedience to her ; and ordered that this their
'^'^\^ A(ft fhould be publiOied at all the Head Burghs of the Kingdom -.
The Copy of which {a) is (till extant in the Lawyers Library at
Edinburgh. Tlie War being thus declared betwixt them, the Lords
of the Congregation were very much flraitned for Money, where-
upon it was relolved, that every Nobleman fhould give in his Silver
Plate to be coin'd at the Mint-Houfe ; but John Hart having fecured
rhe Irons of the Mint-Houfe for her Majefty's Ufe, their only Hope
of Relief was from England; and bccaufe they thought it would be
too loiTT Time to wait an Anfwer from the Court of England^ they
lent Sir /o/;« Cockhurn oi Ormijloun to borrow 4000 Crowns from
Sir Rahi) Saddler and Sir James Crofts^ Governours of Berwick.

This Pro)e(fl of theirs was not kept fb fccret, but it came to the

Qiieen's Ears, who employed the Earl o^ Bothivell to way-lay him

in his return from Berwick ; and he was fo fucccfsful, that he got

The E»ri ji^g whole Mouey, and brought it to the Queen ; but the Rebels on

i.ku from the other Hand fupplied thcmfelves by plundering the Churches,

♦oUcroVns! the Houfes and Eftares of the Loyalifts.

The Qiiecn Mother having fent over to France for further Aid

and AfTiflance, the King and Queen fent over the Marquis ^'fZ/ifw/"

and Count A^jrtiques, a young Nobleman of known Valour and

Experience, with (ome i'ew Forces with them : But after they had

embark'd at Diep, by a violent Storm of Wind, they were difper-

fed and driven back to France, with the Lofs of 1 8 Enfigns, caft

away upon the Coafl oi Holland ; but in the Month oi No'vember^

ThcQutenthe Couut dc <*^artiqiies arrived with a Thoufand F(?rfrrt« Troops.

fupti.«w The War daily encreafing in Scotland, the Rebels afllfted by Eng-

Si^iund. i^^^ jpj -^Qyy j^pj Money, and the King of France not being able

to fupply the Queen Regent, he fent Count Randon and Mr.

cy'ldonliic Bifhop of Valence, AmbafFadors to Queen Eltz^abeth,

The King of to mediate a Peace betwixt the Lords of the Congregation and

F"m. pto- jj^g Queen Recent ; it being below him to treat with his Rebel

.con by CLSubje(5ls, and Queen hltZjabeth not being willing to make an open

urhtch'it »• Rupture with the King of France; it was agfeed, That Sir William

greed to. ^^^^^ Principal Secretary of State for England, and Do(ftor Wotton

Dean of Canterbury and Tork, fhould accompany the two French

Ambaffadors to Scotland, to mediate an Agreement betwixt the

Queen Regent and the Congregation ; but whilfl: they were upon

their Journey, the Queen Mother died of Grief in the Caftle of

Edinburgh, upon the loth oi June 1560.

Before her Death, fhe fent for the Duke of Chattleherault, the
The Qu«" Earls of aArgyle, Glencairn and o^arijhal and the Prior of St.
h'e°r'''Blh.v*?- Andrews ; to whom fhe told, Tloat now Jhe was going to give an
D/.tk ^^laAccount of all her Anions to the King of Kings and Judge of the
cb,r»aer. ^^^^^^ Wortd ; to whom Jhe appealed for the Vprightnefs of her Inten-
tions toxvards the Realm of Dcotlancl, and that fhe was very far from
defigning to fubjedi them to the Realm of France, that Jhe nozv zvith

her

C«) Ubi fupn.

Vol. III. The Life of MAK Y, Queen of Scotland. 155

her dying Breath, recommended to them to mantatn their ancient S'C^
League with the Frencli, againjl their inveterate Enemies the Hng- ^^v*>^
lifli; to continue firm in their Lojalty to her Daughter, their mdoubted
Trinccfs and ^[ueen, and that jhe wifiid to Cod, that they might
not enjlave themjehes under the pretence of fupporting their Liber-
ties, by bringing in foreign Forces upon them, for which Reafon fhe
advijed them to expel voth Englifh and French out of their Do-
minions, then taking God to Witnefs, about the fincerity of alt her
Defigns, fije burfi forth in Tears, and asking pardon of all whom
fhe had any way offended, and forgi-ving every one that had offended
her, Jhefaluted and embraced the Nobility with a Ktjs, arfato thofe
of the inferior Rank that food by, f)e gave her Hand to, and depar-
ted in Peace.

This Lady was a Princefs endued with many admirable Qualities,
bein^ a Woman of great Prudence, a great Lover of Juftice, a
Motner to the Poor, efpecially to thofe that fhe knew to be Indi-
gent, but for ftiame could not beg ; compafTionate to all Women
in Travel, whom fhe did often pcrfonally vifit, and help both with
her Skill and Counfel, being well feen in Midwifery ; in her Court
nothing was to be be feen, that in the leafl Teemed to encourage
Profanity or Vice ; thofe that were about her being conflantly em-
ployed in fome vertuous Adlion or other, and fhe her felf was a
Pattern of Vcrtue to them all. And as for her Prudence in mana-
ging of publick Affeirs, fhe gave many Proofs of it, in quelling
feveral Tumults in the North, and pacifying the Infuireiftions in
the Ifles. The Troubles which happened in the Kingdom towards
the latter end of her Days, were more owing to a Spirit of Rebel-
lion and Fa(5tion, than to her Mifmanagement, fhe being obliged
to follow the Direcftions of tiie Court of France; for fhe was often
heard to fay, That if her own Opinion had beenfollowed, Jhe doubted
not but pe would have put of op to all thefe Troubles, and fettled
the Kingdom in a perfect Tranc^uillity. Before fhe died, fhe fenc
over to her Daughter, our Queen, a Book which fhe had wrote
her felf, containing the Charaders of all the Nobility and Officers
of State; by which fhe might know their feveral Inclinations and
Difpofitions, and who were her Enemies, and who were her Friends.
I have {^^\\ a great Number of Letters of this Queen's, wrote in
Cypher, with the Key to them, in the Lawyers Library at Edin-
l/urgh, given by the Earl of Balcarras, dircdled to the King of
France, the Cardinal of Lorain and the Duke ofGuife. By her own
Order her Body was carried to the Abbay of Rhcims in Cham-
paigne, where her Sifter was Abbefs, and there fhe lies intcrr'd un-
der a Marble Monument.

J^ow much the Nation was at a Lofs by her Death, quickly ap-
peard; for it was no fooner known of, but liie whole Nation was f,7,*'^''''"'"-
in Confufion : For the Earls of <!y4t hoi and Hunt ly, by their Feuds '"'''• i^^-
and Animofitics kccpt the whole North in an Uproar, and thcCcn-'^'OMJr"
gregation plundereu, burnt and dcftroyed the Palaces of the Bi-

Sffi ihops

156 The Life 0/ MARY, ^lueen o/" Scotland. Vol. J/[.

'^-y"^^ fhops of Z>«"^f/^, Dunblane and 7?o/>, and the noble Monaflcrie^
v^V^ of Dtinfermlin^, Melrofs and /<r<r//b. In the mean Time, the French
and Englifh Ambad'adors coming to Edinburgh, after fcvcral J)c-
bates with the Lords of the Congregation, a Teacc was concluded
. on the following Terms [a).
contiudVx" " That the French that were in the Town of Leithy fhould be
" fent Home in the Englifh Ships, they giving Pledges for their
" fafe Return; Tb.at the Fortifications of Lf/W? and Z)««W fhou Id
" be demoliOied ; That no new Fort fhould be built, or old ones
" augmented or repaired, either by King or Queen, without Con-
" (cnt of Parliament; Tliat a Garrifon of 60 French Men fhould be
" permitted to remain in the Caflle of 'Dunbar, and as many in
" Jnchkeith, till the Parliament fhould find means to maintain them;
" and in the mean Time, that thefe Garrifons fhould live in Obe-
" dience to tlie Laws of the Realm, not taking any Thing from
" the Subjects, without paying of ready Money for it ; That an
*' A(5l of Oblivion fhould be made, abolifhing of all Injuries com-
" mitted a^ainfl: the Laws of the Realm, fince the 6th Day of
" <*March f558,.till thfe ifl of Jaguft 1560. Which A(5l fhould
" be ratify 'd in the next Parliament, and confirmed by the Queen,
" with Confent of her Husband ; That all the Queen's Subje(5ts,
" whether of the Congregation or not, fhould be obliged to live
*' in Peace with one another, and nor to refent any Thing that had
" been done fince the 6th of o^arch 1 558 ; That neither the King
" nor Queen fhould revenge themfelves upon any of tiieir Subjedls,
" for what they have done fince the faid 6th Day of March, and
" that the Duke of Chattleherault and all other Noblemen of Scot-
♦' land, fhould be re-poffefled in their Livings and Benefices wirhin
" France, and that all former Capitulations fhould be obfcrved ;
" That all Bifhops, Abbots and other Church Men of the Romijh
" Perfwafion, that have received any Injuries either in Perfbn or
" Goods, the fame fhould be confidered by the Parliament, and
♦' Redref^ made according to Reafon, and that in the mean Time,
*' no Man fhould fVop them in the uplifting of their Rents, nor do
" any Hurt or Violence to their Perfons, and if any fhould be guil-
" ty of breaking this Article, they fhould be purfued by the Lords
" of the Jufliciary, as Difturbers of the Peace of the Common-
*' Wealth ; That in Time coming, the King and Queen fhould not
*' depute any Stranger in the Adminiflration of civil and common
" Juflice, nor beflow any of the Offices of State upon them ; as like-
" wife, that no Church Man fliould be either Treafurer or Compt-
'' roller, or any other Perfon not duely qualified for the fame ; And
" further, that the Treafurer and Comptroller appointed by them,
" and infirudted with fufficient Commiflion, fhoiild do nothing in
♦' difpofing of Cafualities without the Confent of the Council. But
« by all this they did not bind up the King and Queen fo, but that
« they might do what they pleated. That a Parliament called by

tne

(«) spotrwoud Lib. }■ r>e. >47

Vol> HI. The Ltfe of MAKY, ^een of Scotland. 1 57

'* the (;^ueen, and King her Husband, fhould fit in the Month of^^^^
*' yltigufi, and that none by Tumults fhould be hindred from fitting, w»v^
" wlio by their Places ought to be prefcnt : That for the better Go-
" vcrnmcnt of the Realm, choice fhould be made of a Council,
*' which fliould confifl of il worthy Men of the Kingdom, of whicli
" Number the Queen fhould choofe 7, and the Parfiament 5, which
" 12, in her Majefty's Abfence, fhould have the whole Govern-
" mcnt in their Hands, and without their Advice and Confent,
" nothing fhould be done; That the King or Queen fhould not make
*' Peace or War, without the Advice and Confent of Parliament ;
" That all Noblemen fhould live quietly and peaceably as dutiful
*' Subjerts; neither rifing in Arms themfelves, nor affifting odiers,
" and more efpecially, tJiat they fhould invite no Strangers to the
" Realm ; That Lord David Son to the Duke of Chattleheraiilt,
" detained Prifoner at Bois de Vincennesy fhould be fet at Liberty,
" and fufFcred to return to Scotland ; That with the French Men,
" no Artillery fhould be tranfported out of the Realm, but thofe
" that were lent and brought in fince the Death oi Francis the firft
'• King of France, and that all other Artillerv and Ammunition,
" efpecially that which hath the Arms of Scotland, fhould be put
" in tlie Places out of which they were taken ; That the Army of*
" England fhould return Home, immediately after embarking of
'' the French, and that all the Scots Forces fhould be broken. And
" Lrr/?/)', That the Queen and her Husband fhould not take upon
" ihem after this, the Titles of England and Ireland ; and that they
" fhould delete tlie Arms oi England and Ireland, out of their whole
"Houfhold Stuff-
As to what concerned Religion, the AmbafTadors would noc
meddle with it, referring that entirely to their Majeflys, This
Treaty being flgn'd by both Parties, the French embarked upon the
1 6 Day of July 1 560, and the fame Day the Englip) Army marched
towards Benvick, with the Bifhop of Amiens and Mr. la Broche^
who remained Hoftages in England^ till the Ships returned from
Irance.

The Time appointed for the meeting of the Parliament approach-
ing, tlie Lords of the Congregation ifl'ued out a Proclamation for
that Effecff, without acquainting the King or Queen, and having
met upon the appointed Day, great Debates arofe amongfl them,
concerning the Legality of their meeting, fince their Sovereigns
had fent no CommiiTion, nor authorized any to reprefent their Per-
fons : But by a Plurality of Votes, it was carried, that they were
fUfliciently authorized to fit by the late Treaty they had made with
the French and EngUpj AmbafTadors ; but becaufe they had no
Comminioncr appointed by the King or Queen, the accuflomed
Solemnities of carrying the Crown, Scepter and Sword were omit-
ted. Of the Spiritual Eflate were prefent, the Archbifhop of St.
yfndrews, the Bifhops of Dankeld, T>unblane, Galloway, Jrgyle
and tiie Jjles^ the Prior ot Si. yindrews, the Abbots of Cowparf

T t c LindorcSf

All. ijt;.

I

2 58 17;? Life of MARY, Qjfeerj of Scotland Vol. III.

Lindores, Cnlrojs, St. Colm's Inch, Nevjbottle, Holy-Rood-HonJe, Km-
Ms Veer and Nezo-u4hbay^ with the Priors of Coldin^harnt and St.
d^ary Ip- ^^ ^'^^ Nobility were prefent, the Duke of ChattU'
herjult, the Earls of Jrrariy yirgyle, e^ari/hat, Cajjils, Catthrnjs,
Jtholy Glencairn, Morton and Rothes, the Lords Riithven, GlarmSy
ErsUne, Boyd, Oclnltrie, Carltfle, Livingfton, Ogilvy and Somer-
njile, with a great many Barons and Burncdcs [a). In this Parlia-
ment, they abolifhed the Popifli Religion, and eftablifhed the Pro
teftant and made a Confedion of their Faith and Dodhine; whici
was afterwards ratify 'd in the firft Parliament of King Jawes the
6th. The Rebellious Treaty betwixt the Duke of Northfolk and
the Duke of Chattleheranlt was approven of, and the Earls oi Mor-
ton and Glencairn, with young Lithington, were fent to England,
with a Propolal of Marriage betwixt Queen EliZjaheth and the Earl
of Arran and to return their Thnnks for tiie AllKbncc (he had
given them a'^ainfl the French. And they fent Sir James Sandi-
lands Knight of Rhodes, with the Adl:sof this Parliament to France,
and to endeavour to get the King and Queen's Approbation of
them. Sir James arrived fafely in France, and got Audience of
their Majeftys ; but was feverel^^ reproved, for having undertaken
The King jq delivct a Commillion from* a parcel of Rebels to his native
"fuf.^'M". Prince, and that being a Knight of Rhodes, and fworn to proted:
ofV«fi.^^' the Romilh Religion, a^ainll all the Oppofers of it; he fhould now
""'■ follicite {b) for e'ftablifhing the execrable Herefy of the Cahinijis.
And in Truth it was no Wonder that their Majeflys were incenfed
againft them, fince they had not only called the Parliament with-
out their Autiiority, or acquainting of them : But likewife appro-
ved of their rebellious Proceedings againft them. When Sir James
returned to Scotland, and acquainted the Congregation of his Re-
ception J it is not to be imagined wiiat Confternation they were inf
For they thought, that if the Queen fhould declare them Rebels,
for aainfT in aTParliamentary Way, without her Authority, and rliac
if the Queen oi England Oiould be prevailed upon not to aflift them,
they might by theif French Subjedfs, and fuch of the Loyalifts as
were in Scotland, eafily reduce them : But to their great Comfort,
the Queen o( England returned them fuch an Anfwer, as gave them
Hopes, that if they once more fhould rebel againfl their Sovereign,
JJii^fc^ncoa- they might expecft her AfTiflance : For fhe told them, That
L'f,".'of .he ( c ) [he was very glad to perceive her good Will and Charges,
*^""«nlw (they are her own Words) jo well befowed, as to fee the fame thank-
'"'^^' fully accepted of and acknowledged, wtth which fhe doth fo fat tsfy her
fe'f, as if at any Time the like Caufe Jhotild happen, wherein Inr
Friendship or Aid /hall or may profit them, and for their jufi De-
fence, the fame pall not be loanting. And as to the Marriage be-
twixt her and the Earl of Arran, fhe cannot interpret that <*^dotm
to come from them, but with a good meaning of the States of Pari i-

arnent^

Congregit
on 10 cene
their Kebcl
lien.

l») SpoiC Lib. }. P. 149. W Ibid P. ijo. (0 Mr. Hirn.UoQS Obfenr«tioii» upon Bucb.o.

Vol. III. The Life 0/ MARY, Queen of Scotland.

timcnt, as tending to unite the two Kmgdoms^ both now and aftcr-'^f^
iiiards, in a perpetml (t^mity, by offering her the bejl and noble fl^-^^\/^
Per [on of their Nation ; and that not without Jome Danger of Dif-
pleafure of the Frencli ICtng in Jo doing : But finding her fetf not
difpofed to marry, altho it may be, that the Necejjtty and Rejve6i of
her Realm pall thereto hereafter confrain her ; yet fhe wifHd that the
Earl of Arran, Jhould not forbear to accept in the mean Time, of
whatever Q^arriage may be made unto htm, for his own Vtility and
Security ; and that all other Means Jhould be ufed for the Continu-
ance of the oAmity betwixt the two Kingdoms.

Tho' the Lords of the Congregation were verv well fatisfieJ
with tliis Anfwer of Queen Eliz^abeth's, yet the Earl of y^rran \\'a.s
not, iot Blackwood {a) tells us, That wlien this young Nobleman
was Commander of the Gens d' aArmes in France, he had a fecret
Promife of Marriage from her, providing that lie would join the
Troteftants in Irance, and in his own Country ; and therefore, re-
lying upon her Promife, he moved that the Parliament fhould Ad-
drefs her once more, which they accordingly did : But as Blackwood
obferves, flie made very good ufe of fuch Promifes, for whenever
fhe had any Intrigue to manage, fhe^, made an Offer of her felf to
fbme Prince or other, who could be* ferviceable to her, and thus
in the Courfe of her Reign fhe baulked ten of them.

But that which crown'd all the Joys and Hopes of the Lords of
the Congregation, was the Death of the King, who died of an j^^* *""«
Impofthume in his Ear, in the i8th Year of his Age, after a Reign
of fix Months ; all France did groan under this Lofs, by Reafon of
the excellent Inclination of that Prince ; but the Queen was fo
deeply concerned with the Impreffion that it made upon her, that
fhe refolved to facrifice the refl: of her Days, to the Afhes of her
Husband ; but her two Uncles difwaded her from this, and ear-
neflly prefTed, tliat fhe fhould return to Scotland with a good Ar-
my, wliich they would raife for her j they then having tlie Govern-
ment of France in their Hands. Queen EUz^abeth having got No-
tice of this by her AmbafTador in France, fent an Exprefs to the
Lords of the Congregation, to acquaint them of it, and to advife
them to fend over to France one of their Number to difwade her
from (uch an Entcrprize, undet Pretence of condoling the Death
of her Husband. Upon this, the Lords of the Congregation im-
mediately met at Edinburgh, and fent over tlie Prior of St. yindrewif ^^f^^' ^'jj;
the Queen's baflard Brother. On the other Hand, the Lords of^'^^-ijij^
the Roman-Cathohck Pcrfwafion, being advertifed of the Defign q.««j'! ^«o
of the Conp,regation, they met, and fent over Dr. Lefly, afterwards i^"h of h.*
liifhop of Rojs, from them. The Bifhop, as he tells us himfelf {b), ""*''" '
made quicker Difpatch than tiic Prior did, and found the QoeeHiiAoJ <h<M-
SLtyttne m Champaigne, upon the XVIII. of the Calends of e^ayu^avLKt
1561, where he prcfcnted his Letter of Credence to luer, fubfcnbed j;^"^ ^''*-
by the Archbifhop of Sc .Andretvsy the Bifhops of oAbtfdeeftt M»r-

T t t 1 ray

(«) M*«tx» it Y Kofn. i- Ixcofte P. 4«. (i) Lib. 10. P«|. J7J.

l6o The Life of MARY, Qjuen of Scotland. Vol. Ill

■■^-^^*^ ra) and Rojs, the Earls of Hmtly, Athol, Crawfoord, Sutherland
yN/iy' and Ctiihucfs. Tlic Subftancc ot his Comminion was, " TJiat fhc

^^\^^ and C.iithricjs.

" fhoiild 'J,ive no Credit to the Prior, who aCpircd at nothin'j; lefs
mimnns?.nd " than thc Crown ; That flic (hoiild detain him in Frcwcc till her
Anfa^T' '• Aflairs in Scotland were fully fettled, and that her beft Method
iiiemboih. ,t £^^. j^.{^Qi.i,ig tiic Catholick Religion, and fecuring h.cr fclf upon
" thc Throne, was to land at aAberdec^i, where flic would be honou-
" rably received by the Earl o( Huntly, who had fent James Cttllen
" a Relation of his, well fecn in Maritime Affairs, to conduift her
" and her Fleet fafely there ". To this the Qiieen reply'd. That the
Prelates and Noblcnicn Is whom he was employ d, might ajjure thcm-
Jches of her favour, and defird him to xvrtte to them Jo ; but that he
himfclf fhonld Jlay and attend her., till Juch Time as flK return-
ed.

The Prior, upon his Arrival, hearing, what had part betwixt her
and the Bifliop, did not in the leaft feeni to notice it ; but told
her Majcfty, " That nothing was more longed for, by her loyal and
" aflcd^ionatc Subjcifls of the Congregation, who had fcnt him with
" a Profler of their Duty to herj than her Return to Scotland; and
" whereas he was informed, tint fhe dcfigned' to return with an Ar-
" my, there could be nothing more difobliging to her Subjedls, who
" at thc very fight of her, would fubmit themfelves with the out-
" moft Chearfulnefs and Alacrity, to whatfoever fhe could defirc
" of them ; befides, that it would be a ncedlefs Expcnce brought
" upon her fclf and the Nation ". In one ^ oid Cays Blackzvood (a),
he preached fb well, that fhe believed him ; as it very often hap-
pens to Princci, who, by I do not know what Dcfliny, are credu-
lous to their own Dcftru(5lion, and are eafily perfwaded to believe
any Thing that has the Profpcifl offaving them Expenfes.
TheFrmi In the mean Time, one Noallius Senator of Bourdeaux, was fent
t&t-'inj Amballiidor from the Irench King, to renew the ancient League
L^fle. betwixt the two Nations, and to reflore the depriv'd Clergy ot the
Romifli Pcrfwafion, to their former Places ; both which were de-
ny'd.

The Queen being feized witli a Tertian ^£ue, was obliged to
ftay for fome Months at Janville, and towards the latter End of
June, fhe came to Paris, where Francis Earl of Bedford, whom
Queen Eliz>abeth had fent over to condole the Deatli of her Hus-
band, waited upon her: and after his Compl(jment of Condolence
was over, he dcfired, that fhe might ratify the Treaty at Leith.
Having returned her Thanks to her Siflcr ; fhe told him, That for
ratifying the Treaty at Leith, fhe could not do it, till fhe returned
The Qa«n ^^ j^^^ ^^^^^ Country, and confulted with her Parliament. h-\ the mean
'"""'°E/'° Tin1c, fhe fent over to England, Monfieur d Oyjjel, with her Return
x^,Vi."defir- of Thanks, and to require a fafe Condudt. The AmbafTador ha-
clJoa'but ving waited upon Queen Eliz>abeth, when he came to the deman-
" '"^''^"'' ding of a fafe Condudt for his Miflrifs, and a Pafs for himfelf to

Scotland y

(<•) Ubl fupn.

Vol- III. The Life of MAKY, ^een of Scotland. kJi

ryy\,y>

Scotland; (he fell in a great Paflion (a) before a Number of People; -^^^^
and faid, That fie never expeded^ Friend fiip from the Queen of'^i^
Scots, Jince fie had refufed to ratify the Treaty at Leitli. The Am-
bafllidor having acquainted his Miftris the Queen of Scotland of
this, flic fcnt for Nicolas Tloro^morton the £«^///Z> Ambadador, and
commanding all her Atendants to retire ; ihc told him, as we have
it from Throgmortoris Letters (^), That whatever Weaknefs fhe miqht "J^'Q-"""*'
he guilty of fiie did not defire to have fo many Witnejfes ofit^ as his ^'"^'A"■
Clftecn of late had, when Jhe talked with her oAmbajjador : aAnd «*hu' oc'cfi"
now I maft tell yon, That nothing grieves me more, than that I '"*
fiould have defired a Thing of her, that J food in no need of; find
I can by God's BleJJing return to my own Country, without her Leave ^
as I came hither againfi the will of her Brother King Edward : But
J was willing to try her friendfiip, hecaufe you have often told me.
That it was for both our ^Advantages, to live in Frtendfiip toge^
ther ; but it leems, fie efteimeth the Friend fiip of my rebellious Sub-
je6ls better than mine, a Thing unworthy of her. I do no not meddle
in her oAffairs, and I thinkfie ought to do as little in mine, neither
am I inferior to her in any Thing ; but Compartfons are odious. And
as to the ratifying the Treatj at Leith, // it was not done during
my Husband's Time, it was his Fadt, none of mine ; for I always
thought it my Duty to comply with whatever he defired, and find
his Death, J have not had the Occafion to confult my Friends in Scot-
land, whom I am refolved not to dijoblige, and I would gladly know
from you, w^at can be the emotive of your Glueen'e treating me at
this Rate. To this the AmbaiTador anfwered, Madam, I have no
Commijjion to your <iMa]efiy, but for the Ratification of the Treaty
at Leith ; but if you would have my Opinion of the Caufe of all this^
I will give it you as a Gentleman; but not as her AmbaJ]ador, when
fie came to the Throne, you ufurped her Arms and Titles, which you
did not do in ^j*een Mary's Time, and nothing could be more offen-
five than that was. To tliis the Queen reply *d, a^y Father in
Law, and Husband were then both of them alive, and they comman-
ded me to do Jo, and it was my Duty to obey them ; but fince I had
my own Liberty, I have neither ufed her Arms nor Titles, tho I do
not fee why I may not ufe the Arms of England, fince my Grand-
Mother was the eldefi Stfierof King Henry 8r/', and others ofmeanef
Birth have done it ; for the Q^arquis of Exeter and the Dutchefs of
Suftolic King Henry s Niece, both of them did bear the Arms of Eng"
land, with Borders for a Difference; andfiallit be imputed to me as
a Crime to do the fame ? No, this is aU triffing, there mufi be fome^
thing elfe in her Mind.

Tile Englifi AmbaiTador having acquainted his Miftris of* tliis
Coniercnce, Ihe fent a Letter to the Lords of the Congregation^
wherein ihe upbraided them for nor fulfilling the Treaty at L<ith.
To which diey returned a mod fubmiilive Anfwer, laying the whole
Blame upon the Queen j and the Prior of St. Andrews gave her

U u u an

(<) ua«l'i Ut ef QjMM Mmj p.g. (. (») u (b* Uwjtn Ubriry,

Z<5t The Itfe of MA KYy ^en of ^oihnd Vol If I.

A^^'^t^ an Account of the Time that /he was to fail from France, and ear-
'^'^/^ neftly dedred her to intercept her, and accordingly fhe rig^^ej
out a ftrong Fleet for tliat Purpofe j but it pleafed God, tliat Ihe
McurnTr/f" arrived fafcly at Leith upon the 20th of ylu^^ufl i^6l. None of
irjo 5«/- ^1^^ YlcQt falling in with the Englijh, but that Ship in which the
Earl of £f //«ro« was ; neither did this fceni to be done, but by
the peculiar Care of Heaven; for whilft fhe fail'd by the Englijh
Fleet, fhe was environ'd, as if fhe had been in a Cloud, with a
furEfc^^ 'thick Mift, which faved her from her Hncmies. It is not to be ima-
£n^.ii,fuu- gined with what incredible Joy fhe was rceived by all Ranks of
People, fave the Miniflers, who from their Pulpits with their out-
mofl Rhetorick, told the People of the great Danger they were in,
of having their Religion, Liberties and Rights taken from them.
Upon this the Qiieen called a Meeting of her Privy Council, and
to remove all their Fears and Jealoufies, fhe moft gracioufly con-
defcended, that there fhould be no Alteration made as to their
Religion, only that fhe hoped, that they would not take it amifs,
that fhe fhould ferve God in her own Way in her Family. This
was fuch a rational Propofal, that not one of the Council had the
][h«^E">^^f Confidence to oppofe if, fave the Earl of ^rr^«, who told them he
Ihe M'iB.fter. would nevcr agree to the having the Mafs either privately or pub-
Mo" .gJnn lickly; and all the Miniflers from their Pulpits, told their Hearers,
That mlefs the JJolatrofts WorfJjiP of the Church o/Rome, zvere
rooted out of the Niition, they comd expe6i nothing but God's Wrath
and heavy Vengeance upon them, and that all Priejls of the Romifh
Religion, ought to be puni/hed with Death, according to the Law of
God againfl Idolaters. ' Which prevailed fo with the Mob, that the
next Day, as the Qiieen was going to Mafs in her Chappel, in the
Abbay of Holy-Rood-Houfe, they fell upon the Servants, who were
carrying the Candles to the Altar, and had they not been over-
powered, they would have put her Chappel in Flames. The
Queen was highly offended with this infolent Treatment, and
had fhe taken the Earl of Huntlys Advice, fhe had fufficiently re-
vencred her felf on the Miniflers ; but being of a mofl merciful
Temper, upon the Prior of St. Andrev)s\ promifing, that for the
future he fhould engage, that the Miniflers fhould not preach Sedi-
tion, flie was appeafed.-

All Things being thus pacified, the Duke d! nAmult tiie Grand
Prior of France, Monfieur d" Annjxlle, and the reft of the French
who had accompanied the Queen, return'd to France, only the Mar-
quis d' ElbeuJ and her ConfefTor remain'd all the Winter with her,
and young Lithington was fent AmbafTador to acquaint the Queer»
she.c,o.ioi.of England oi her happy Arrival, and to require the eftablifhing of
E;r2;""of a firm and lafting Peace betwixt the two Nations. \Vhat the Suc-
hef A^«».i. ^efs of that Embaffy was, we have fhown in Lithington s Life.

After the Queen had ftayed for fomc Time at Edinburgh, fhe
made a Progrefs through the Country, where fhe was joyfully received
and fplendidly intertained at the Towns of Linlithgow, Stirling,

Perthj

Vol- III. n}e Life of MAKY, ^een o/" Scotland. kJj

Perth, Dundee and St. j4ndrews ; but as fhe was retutnins to Edin- '>^'^^

- - - - '^ An. I ^87^

Thr Proved

httrgh^ the Provoft oArchibald Doivglajs caufcd publifh a Proclama- ^^'

tion, difcharging all Adulterers, Fornicators, Drunkards, Mafs- of ^'''"•T^^k

. , . _ . ,, . . — . oforpi the

Triefts and obftinate Paplfts to enter the Town of Edmburab, under R«h aI
Pain oftliehidieft Penalties: This being a manifeft Ufurpation of »h.'h^e°u
the Royal Authority, and an infolent Affront upon his Sovereign the *"'''"''''"**
Queen, fhe caufed him to be apprehended and imprifoned, and a
Proclamation was publifhed by her, giving Liberty ro all her good
Subjeds to come to the Town about their lawful Affairs ; and it
being then about t^ichaelmafs when the Town makes choice of
their Magiflrates, fhe ordered the Citizens to make Choice of any
other they pleafed in his Place, which they obeyed ; bur the Mini- n.inroUn.
flers from their Pulpits did all they could to flir up the Mob upon fh^MlnifleM
this Occafion, reprefcnting in their Sermons, that the Queen not
only protedted all known and avowed Papifls, but likewife all For-
nicators, Drunkards and profane Perfons, and to crown all, in th6
jMonth oi December, they met in an Affcmbly of their own Appoint-
ment, without the Queen's Authority ; however, the Queen was fo
loath to give them any Reafon to complain of her, that fhe fuffered
them to do any Thing they pleafed : It happened whilfl they were
fitting, that the Marquis d' Elbeaf, the Queen's Uncle, the Earl of
iBothwell, and the Lord Coldinghame in a Night-Ramble got into a
Burgefs Houfe called Cuthbert Ramjay, but not finding his Daughter
in Law, who was a handfom Girl, they went away without (foing
any further Harm ; but this fo highly provoked the Brethren, that
they prefented the Qiieen with a Petition [a), requiring that her
Uncle, and thofe who were with him might be delivered over to
the Hands of Juftice, that they might be punifhed according to the
Laws of the Realm : Upon which the Queen called tiiem before
her, and gave them a fevere Reprimand, and in her Anfwer to the
Affemblyj fhe acquainted them of what fhe had done, but that her
Uncle being a Stranger, fhe could not deal fo harfhly with him as
they required,' but that for the Future fhe would take particular Care
that no fuch Abufes fhould be committed.

The Prior of St. Andrews the Queen's Baflard Brother, a Man of
an unlimited Ambition, having got an abfolute Afcendant over the
Queen, fhe made him one of the Lords of her Privy Council, and
Commander of the Borders ; but that not fatisfying him, fhe pro-
mifcdto make him Earl of oMar; but tiie Lord Erskine having laid
Claim to that Earldom as of Right belonging to him, the Queen
"ranted the Lord Erskine the faid Earldom in the Year 15(52, as
having a \uft and legal Title to it, with the Precedency of the an-
cient Earls of c^ar, and the Prior of St. Andrews was made Earl Thepisojcf
o^ Murray,- tho' his Patent did not pafs the Seals till the lOth of'm.d;E;?l'^^
February the nexr Year, -and fhe procured for him in Marriage L^dy ^"Ci^'Af
Agnes ICeithy Daughter to WtUiam Earl Marifchal. 'J^'^ ^'' ^'

U u u 1 Thefe

(«) fcdlt'i Chiifcfa Hie. Pift «. Pig. i]i,

2(54 The Ltfe 0/ MARY, ^een of Scotland. Vol. Iff.

f^'^'^*^ Thefe Preferments of the Prior of Si.j4ndrews were very difplca-
»A/*^ fine to the Queen's Friends, who knew him to be a Penfioncr of
England^ and the fole Truftee of the Minifters her mortal Enemies,
but none was To dilTatisfied as the Earl of Huntly, wlio prefenred a
Memorial to her out o^ his own Hand, wherein he told her Mi-
bmpUi t«.- jefty (rt), That he aimed at no lejs than the Vftrrpation of the Regal
cfM^r'fol y^uthority, That his Mother was often heard to jay, That fhe wat
D.fig".'" privately married to King James Vth, and that luhilfl fhe was with
Child of htm, fhe dream a that fhe, had a T)raqon in her Belly, who
encompajjing the Head of a Lion, overcame and killed him ; and the
Lion being the Scots yfrms, they noways doubted but that he would
Come Time or other attain to the Crown : And therefore he humbly
intreated herAlajefty to trufl to her ancient Nobility andknoivn friends,
rather than to her 3ajlard Brother, who hadjuch bad Defigns again ft
her. But the Queen gave no Ear to this, eftecming it all to pro-
ceed from Malice.

The Earl of Arran falling deeply in Love with the Qiieen, and
Z«f'n/ finding that flic (lighted him, he fell into a Phrenzy, upon which his
4>ftf,a.d. father confined him to his Palace at Kiniell; but finding a fit Op-
portunity he made his Efcape, came ftreight to Edinburgh : And
coming to Mr. Knox, he paflionately reprefents to him many ftrange
and wonderful Stories of deep Plots laid by bis Father, Bothwell
and others againft the Earl of Murray ; butftiU in a Manner fo wild
and incoherent, that Mr. ICnox could not but be very fenfible of his
Madnefs, and immediately wrote fo the Earl of Murray, not to be
rafli in noticing, or giving Credit to what the Earl faid, for he
appear'd to him difordered in his Wits. Thefe are Calderwood's
own Words in his large MS. Hiflories in the College of Glafgow.
Yet the Earl of Murray knowing that thefe noble Families would be
great Obflrudlors of his Defigns, laid hold of this Opportunity, and
accufed them of a Defign of feizing the Queen's Perfon, and of
murdering him in the Park of Falkland^ wbilft her Majefty was at
hunting : Upon this (b) the Duke was comitted Prifoner in the
Caftle of Edinburgh, BothweU was banifhed the Kingdom, and
Gavin Hamilton Abbot of Kilwinning was fent to the Caftle of
Stirling, Arran being brought before tne Council to be examined,
they found that he was perplexed in Mind j but upon a fecond
Examination, they found ooth by his Words and Countenance, that
he was really diftradted, upon which the Queen committed him to
the Care of the Archbifliop of ^\.. Andrews.
J ,^f During thefe Tranfa(5lions in Scotland, Margaret Countefs of
t«ni» •«> Lennox and her Husband were committed Prifoners to the Tower
tap^fo^a" by Queen Eliz^abeth, for keeping a fecrct Correspondence with the
£K;^."^d Queen of Scotland, and Henry Sidney was fent AmbalTador to Scot-
t'V^.i^t^land, that he might prye into the State of the Nation {c) ; but the
j*.'I)«rf. " Pretence of his EmbaiTy was the eftab^ifliing of a firm Peace betwixt
the two Nations, and withall, as a Token of a perpetual Kindnefs,

fhg

(-0 V IOK)C«DC« dt 1« RoyM i' Sfcoflt, P«g- y. (iy Ibid. Pjg. lo. (0 Udd.l'i Life of Queen M.ry.

Vol. III. The Life of MARY, ^een of Scotland. "~2df

flie fent her Majefty a Diamond Ring, with this Promife, that if ever -^>v^
fhe was in fiich Diftrefs as to need her Aid and AfTiftance, upon the vS^
fending to her this Ring, flie would give to her all the AfTiftance fhe
could : And whereas there had been a Propofal made of a Meeting
betwixt the two Queens, and that the Queen of England had ap-
pointed the Place to be at Tork, and now begged for a Delay. The
Queen of Scotland willingly agreed to it, for before this Time fhe
repented that fhe had agreed to fuch a Propofal, when fhe refledled
upon the Danger of meeting with a Princefs whofe Crown fhe had
openly claimed to, and that in her own Dominions : And as 4 mu-
tual Token of her Friendfhip and Afllflance, fhe fent her a Diamond
Hart, on which was engraved the following Lines, compofed by
IBuchanan.

Hoc tibi quod mifit Cor, nil quod pojfet, habebcit,
Cartas ejje Jtbi, gratius ejje tilt.

^luod ft forte tuum tpfa remijeris, ilU putabit
Car ins ejjefbi, qnamftiit ante tibi.

In the Montli of June the General AfTembly having met at Edin- tu Gef,e-
burgh by tiieir own Authority, they drew up a Supplication, which ruip^lH^.''''
they prefented to the Queen, requiring her to abolifh the Popifh \"Xo^
Religion j but the firfl: Drauglit of it was in fuch bitter and fcanda- ^°^'^-^
lous Terms, that even thofe of the Nobility who were of their own
Perfuafion, advifed them to alter it, which was done accordingly,
and prefented to her by the Superintendants of Lothian and Ftfe,
which when fhe had read, fhe faid, Here are many fair Words, but h ,Aa
God knows what your Hearts are ; and as 1 will never diflurb you in
the Exercife of your Religion, Jo will I never conjent to do any Thin^
in Prejudice of my own. This, fays Mr. Petrie (a), was all they got
for their painted Oratory and Flattery ; as if it had been a Crime in
in them to have addrefled their Sovereign in civil Terms : And yet
even in this he is mucli more civil to her than Bifhop Spotfivood (b\
who makes her part with them in a Huff, and tells them, that fhe
hoped before a Year was expired, to have the Mafs and Catholick
Profeffion reflored through tlie whole Kingdom, which is diredly
againfl a Letter under her own Hand, the Copy of which is in Mr.
Crawford's Colle(flions, wherein fhe attefls the eternal God, that
flie never defigned to diflurb them in their Religion.

This AfTembly appointed an Order of Vifitation for regulating Tb« mw-
the Superintendants, and tliefe being joined by tlie Earl of Glen- Imt ol^b*
cairn, the Lotds Boyd a.nd Ochtltrte, wherever tliey went, they J^Mmo' r**
plundered and deflroyed the Houfes and Lands of the Papifls ; uilofC"*
and being afraid, that the Queen would call them to an Account Jf;'"* '^*
for their Proceedings (c), they met at the Town of y^ir in the
Month of Scptember,whci:e they drew up a Bond, which all of them
fubfcribed, by which they bound themlelves, to ftand by one ano-

X X X fher

Uj Vut t. Iftf. Ijl. (t) Lib. 4. P.,. iSj. (0 Vid. Univhot Uft »( Qu^o Miry, P.|. »!.' ^ '

Z66 The Life cf MARY, ^ecn of Scotland. VoK HI.

^^^y^ thcr with tlicir Lives and Fortunes, and to rcfcnt what ever was
"^^S/^ done to any one of tlicm, as done to all.

The Qiiccn dcliring to take a View of the northern Parts of the
Nation, about the middle ot'^i'^^ujl 1^61, Ihc came to ylbcrdeen,
iJt^'"c\v\\izxQ, flic was met by die Countefs o( Huntlj, a Woman ot hidi
A«om,'"f Spirit, but of a very obliging Temper ; her Son Mr. John Gordon
\\M'°^"^* had been committed to Prilon, for wounding the Lord Ogilvy upon
the Street of Edinburgh., but having made his E(capc, he was de-
clared fugitive ; wherefore flie begged, that flie would admit him
to kifs her Hand : But the Qiieen told, That it did notconfift with
her Honour, to admit him into her Prefence, till fuch Time as he
fliould re-enter himfelf into Prifon. Which the Countefs promifcd
to do, but only begged that the Place of his Ward (hould be the
Caftle of Stirling ; which the Queen having granted, tiic Lord
Glamis was appointed to convey him thither : Jkit when he came
to the Caflle ot Glaniis, he altered his Refolution, and returned
a^ain to die North ; for which die Qiiecn was highly incenfed
a-'ainfl: him. In the mean Time, in the Profecution of her Jour-
ney, her Majcfly went from tsAi^erdccn, and lodged all Night at
iBncqiihin ; the next Day flie went to Rothcwa); tne third Day flic
came to Strathbogy, where flie was invited by the Larl of Huntly
to lodge in his Houfc, and great Preparations were made for her
Ilcception, but flie refufed to go, unlefs his Son delivered himfelf
up Prifoner ; And the next Day flic came to Inverncjs, where flie
was deny'd Acccfs ro the Caflle, by the Governour yilcxnnder.Gor-
don, a Friend oi' the Earl of Hmtlys. Upon this a Rumour arofe
that the Farl of Hnntly had a Defign of feizing the Queen's Pcrfon,
which made her publifli a Proclamation, commanding all her
loyal Subjcds in thofePartstocomcto her Afl^flancc : Upon which
flic was join'd by the (^/Idackenz^ies, Monroes, Frajcrs and Clanchat-
tan. With tliefc flie befieged and took the Caflle of Invernejs,
caufinrr the Governour and principal Perfons under him to be
han<T'd ; but flie fpared the Lives of the common Soldiers. The
Queen having flay'd four Days in the Caflle of Jnvcrnefs, flie re-
turned to Aberdeen, where the Countefs of Hnntly came to wait
upon her ; but flie was refufed Accefs, and a Proclamation publi-
flied, commanding all thofe that could bear Arms in Lothian, fife,
^ngHS, Strathern and the c^erns, to attend her at tAberdeen.
Hnntly being advertifed of this by the Earl of Sutherland, Oind John
Lcjly of "Biicquhin, who were with the Queen and his good Friends,
as likewifeot the Rxes that flie had, and knowing, that as long as
the Earl of Murray had the Government of the Queen, he could
never obtain her Favour, he refolved to feize upon the Queen's
Perfon, hoping, that upon a fair Reprefcntation of his Cafe, he
might regain her Favour : So accompany'd with about 800 Men, he
marched towards Aberdeen, and in all Probability, had entered the
Town without any Refiftance, had not Sutherland and BucqMns
Letters to him been intercepted that Morning, for which Suther-
land

Vol. III. The Ltfe of MhKX, §lucen of Scoihnd. i6j

land Hcd, but Bucf^'''' confeffing the whole Projcdl:, was pardoned. ^^
However, Huntly marched forward with his Men, and at a Place '-''V^
called Corrichic, the Earl of Qy^iurray met liim (a), where they had
a fharp Rencounter, wherein Huntly had the Misfortune of being
defeat and taken Prifoner, but being an aged and corpulent Man^
with the Crowd and Prefs of thofe that were about him, he ex-
pired in their Hands : John and Adam Gordon his two Sons, and
about an hundred more, were taken Prifoners j and being brought
to Jkrdeen^ Murray, Morton and Lindjay went and acquainted the
Qiieen of their Vitftory, who feemed not in the lead to rejoice at
it ; for (he knew that the Earl of Huntly was none of her Enemies :
However, Mr. John Craig Minifter at Aberdeen, gave thanks to
God for their Vidtory, and the next Day a Council was called by
the Qiieen, to confult what fhould be done with the Prifoners, and
it was refolved that Adam Cordon tlie Earl's Son, becaufe of his
Age, fhould be pardoned, being only a Boy, but that his Brother
Mr. "John fhould be beheaded, and that the reft fhould be fined
according to their Eftates, and that thofe of the meaner Sort
fhould be banifh'd, all which was accordingly done, and the Queen
returned to Edinburgh.

The Lords of her Majefty*s privy Council, and the Queen's
Uncles, at this Time made feveral Propofals of a Marriage to her ;
fome were for the Infant of Jjp^t/«, others for the Emperor's Bro- pof^is'ofT
tiler, the Arch-Duke o^ Aujlria, and others for the Duke de Neveurs : m.dc'to'.i..
But none of them took EfFed. The General Aflcmbly having met ^""""
at Edinburgh, in tlie Month of December, they fat down upon the ti« c.ne-
25th, in Contempt of the Day, and Mr. John Knox, fays Mr Petrie in'leu?'".'',!^
(b) made the Prayer for Afliftance ofGoa's Spirit, andnothing was j;;[;,{;;;'''"8
heard from their Pulpits, according to the laudable Cuftom, but jF'j;','* '^*
bitter invedlives againft the Court, for obferving Chrijlmas, ajid """j-'f^
all their innocent and harmlefs Diverfions, were painted out to the "" "
People, as Crimes of the deepeft DyQ.

The Earl of Huntly being now taken out of the Way, the chief
Prop and Supporter of the Roman Catholick Intereft, the Lords of
the Congregation refolved now to finifh the Work of the Reforma-
tion, by cutting off all thofe whom they fufpeded to oppofe their
Defigns. George Lord Gordon, who after the Battle of Corrichie,
had fled for Protedtion to his Father in Law the Duke of Chattlr '^*" ^°'*
herault, was delivered up and imprifoned (c) in the Caftle of Dun- Atch'b.oi'op
barj and in the end of January 1565, he was accufed of Hif»li- "«■'.'•"<' V-
Treafon and forfaultcd ; John Hamilton Arch-Bifhop of St. oAnd- T\mpu{o'-
rews, was committed Prifoner to the Caftle of Edinburgh, foT"'4'o.'d^,'"
faying and hearing Mafs ; the Abbot of Crojsraguel, and a great (^«^ *
niany other Priefts and Monks {d), without an^ Order from the
Queen or Council, but by an Order from the Minifters (e\ who
took upon them to Profecute, Examine, Condemn and Execute

X X X 1 whom

(.) Spot. Ijb. 4. p. .87. (t) P.ii ». T>.|. ijj. - (0 Spot. Lib. 4. r. It7. (i) Pcrri*, P.rt x. f.g* »j4, ,,) j,^^

2(58 The Life 0/ MARY, g^Heen of Scotland. Vol. \\\.

JJ^J*^)^ whom they plcafcd, were likewifc imprifoncdi they pretcnchii;T,
'-'^'**-' that the Spirit of God, did to their Confcicnces, jiiftify their
Actions.

It is not to be imagined how much thcfe tumultuous Proceedings
troubled the Queen, in fo mucli, that Mr.Vdal (a) tells us, that
fhe could not obtain the Releafcmcnt of the Arch-Birtiop of St. yfri-
drews without fhcdding {bme Tears, and at length was forced to
TheQu«n condcfccnd to the calling ot a Parliament, tho' fhe knew that it was
""' ^ '.h'.'v only to vex her the more. This Parliament havinp; met in the
proc.edings. j^joutli o^ Mi^y 156^, thc Queen (at in Perfon in her Royal Robes,
and was Wicnefs to all their Debates ; and if rherc had been any
Remains of Humanity in their Breads, fhe would have charmed
tiiem into a becoming Decency and Refpcdl for her Perfon, for never
fuch Beauty and Majefty adorn'd a Throne ; but inflead of this, they
proceeded with that Rudenefs and Undutifulnefs that can never be
excufed in them : And to oblige their good Friend the Queen of
England, and her mortal Enemy, they would have forced her to
ratify the Treaty at Leith^ approving of their rebellious Proceedings ;
but fhe plainly told them from the Throne, that fhe would never
condefcend to that, but fhe was moft gracioufly pleafed to grant,
that without any R.efpe(5l to that Treaty, an A(5t of Oblivion
fhould be pafl of all their rebellious Adlions and Proceedings from
thc Year 1558, till the ^i^oi Sep ember i$6i. And whatever the
Miniflers could require for the fecuring of their Religion, and for
competent Provifions for themfelveS) fhe was likewife pleafed to
confirm : And having thus pacified her mutinous Subjeds, the Par-
liament rofe; and the Queen refolving to vifit the refl of herSub-
jeds who had not been honour'd with her Prefence, and to admi-
shtBo*"" niflrate Tuflice to them, fhe went to the Countries of aAthole and
-'w'^sim.', yirgyle Shire ; but fhe was no fooner gone, but the Minifters or
"nisinhtl Edtnhnrgh finding that feveral of the Inhabitants refortcd to the
infui"t" b/ Mafs at the Palace of Holy-Rood-Houfe, which was allowed by Law
ihc Mob. ^^ ^j^^ Queen and her Family, they raifed the Mob upon the Priefl
whilfl he was celebrating the Mafs, and being denied Entry, they
broke open the Church Doors, broke down tne Altar, and all the
Utenfds belonging to it, dragged feverals of the Hearers to Prifon,
but the Priefl made his Efcape oy the Back-door, and feveral others
with him ; The Queen being informed of this, returned to Edin-
burgh, and refolved not to enter the Town, till the principal Per-
fons who had a Hand in this Mob were punifhed ; but fhe was too
weak for them, as it appeared by John Knox\ infolent Behaviour
on this Occafion, as we nave fhown in his Life : And at the fame
**m.'u.er Time fhe was maltreated by the French, who in the Heat of their
F««i! Sn civil War, in which the Duke of Gui^e her Uncle was killed, not
Hfoivei'^io only refufed to pay her her Jointure, bur forfeited the Duke of
Aic'hVuke ChatelheranU of hisDutchv, and deprived the Captain of the Scots
Guards of his Place. This narfh Treatment made her refolve to marry

fbme

(«) Life «f Qoteo Miry, P»6- »?•

Vol. III. n^e Life 0/ MARY, Qj^een of Scotland.

fome neighbouring Prince, whofe Power jojned with her's, might ^^-
be able to quell the Infolcnce of her own Subjedls, and oblVe die "^^K^
Trfw/no do Juflice to her; butfhe would donothin'w in this wTthout
acquainting her Sifter Queen EUz^abeth oFit ; and therefore (he fends ^^^^
lier an Account of her Refolution, and that of all the Princes that Sotf
had been propoled to her ; (he was moft inclined to embrace the
Offer of the Emperor's Brother the Arch-Duke of jitijhia : Upon
diis the Queen of England fent Sir Thomas Randolph as her Ambaf-
(hdor CO her with Inltrudions, wherein (a) fhe fhows her the main
Things that are to be confideied in Marriage, as if fhe iiad not known
that State better than her felf, having been once encya^ed in it, and
much more capable ot knowing jier Duty than fhe was able to in-
ft:ru(5f her in, it being enliven d with a brighter, and much more
fuperior Genius than fhe had: And after this canting Introducftion
the Ambaflador told her, that if fhe matched with tlie Arch-Duke'
it would certainly caufe a Rupture betwixt her and Queen Eliz^abeth
and that it was his Miftrifs's Opinion, that fhe fhould marry fome
Nobleman of great Birth in England ; which if fhe would do, in that
Cafe, failing Children of her own Body, fhe fhould fucceed to her
in the Crown, and be declared- her apparent Heir; but that if fh©
ihould do otherwife, his Sovereign could promife nothing in that
Matter tending to her Satisfaction. For by this Marriage Queen
Eltz^abeth plainly forcfaw that fhe would have powerful Supports
from all the Princes abroad, which would mightily weaken her Power
over her and herSubjeds. And at tlie fame Time fhe fent the Earl
of Siijjex Ambaffador to the Emperor's Court, under a Pretext of
congratulating {b) ins Coronation, but that fecretly he might pro-
pofe a Match betwixt her and the Arch-Duke, not that fhe really
defigned fuch a Thing, but to take it off from the Match with Queen
Qy]4ary : Yet this was not fo fecretly managed, but that our Queen
was advertifed of it by fbme of her Friends in England; and ever
afterwards flie fufpeded (as fhe had good Reafonj Queen Eliz>abeth'i
Sincerity in all her Dealings.

But this Propofal did not fo much offend our Queen, as wiiert
fhe heard by the Earl of Murray and Lithington, that the Perfon
whom fhe propofed was Robert Lord Dudly her Mafter of Horfes ; oPe^.TJ'
and certainly nothing could be more aftonifhing, than that fhe fhould Hld'^"!*!'
propofe a Marriage betwixt her and one of her own Servants and f^"^ ''^k^*
Subjefts, flie being equal to her felf, or any crown'd Head in the ^**^ '"
World.

The French Ambaffador at London having acquainted the Queen
Motlier of France and the Cardinal of Lorain ot Queen EltZsabeth's
Propofal, they wrote to our Queen, that they hoped that fhe would
not dimin her felf fo far as to accept of fuch an unworthy Propofal
as (^leeii Eliz^abeth had made to her, and that if fhe continued
firm to France, flic fhould not only have her Jointure puncftualiy
j)aid to her, and the Scots reftored to dieir ancient Privileges, buc

^ y y like.

''I )ict lli« luft. io ^11 J>mc« Mtlril'i Mtm. fi[. 40, 47. (i) |bU.

lyo The Life of M\KY, §lueen of Scotland. Vol. III.

A^i*^ likewifc augmented to them : Although the Queen was highly in-
"^^'"^'^ ccnfed againft Qiicen Elizjabcth\ Propofal to her, yet fhe found
that there was a Nccedlty for her having a Husband, both for the
Nation's Good and her own; fo that fhcrefolvcd to call home from
France her Ambaffador {a) James Beaton Arch-Bifhop of Glafgoiu
to advifc with him, knowing him to be a Man of a coiiAmimatc
Wifdom and Prudence, and well fccn in the Intrigues of all the
Courts of Europe, and having propofed this to the liarl of 7k//<mry,
whom fhe had Ibll the Misfortune to believe her Friend, he told her,
That if fie Jhoiilcl call home the Tiijhop o/Glafgow, Jhe would ivrong
The Earl of her ^jfalrs in the foreign Courts 0/ Europe, fnce none knew them jo
rfl'm.Zihti zvell as he, and that there ivas no a^an in the Nation able to [npply
IkVlo^S"^ /;/.? Place (for he zuas -very much afraid of being outwitted by the
*•"■»'/• Btpop ) and as to her cy^ajejlys Propofal of matching with [owe
foreign Prince^ he told her, that could not but be very dijagreeable to
her Subje^s, ivhoicere always afraid with the Notion of vetng brought
under a foreign Toke ; and Jince the Race of Stewarts had now been for
a long 'Time pojjejfed of the Throne of Scotland, in his Opinion Jhe
ought to declare for the Succej]ion in that Name, failing Heirs of her
Own Body, and that [he Jhould marry one of the Name; and in his
humble Opinion, there zoas none fo fit as her own Couftn-German the
Lord Darnly, the Earl of LennoxV Son, being a Prince about i<p or lO
Tears of ^ge, one of the handfomeji Gentlemen in Europe, and ac-
complified with all the -vertuous Qmilifications that could be remired
in a Prince ; and therefore he advijed her to call home the Eurl of
Lennox and his Son, to fee hoi'j Jlie pleafed him. The Queen raking
this to her Confideration, noways doubting of his Sincerity, and
being further urged to do it by his Minions and Favourites, who
then had the whole Government in their Hands, fhe Tent for them.
By this the Earl of c^urray doubted not but to gain his Point,
which was to get himfelf declared her Succeffor, in cafe fhe had
no Heirs of her Body, to pleafe Queen Eliz^abeth, Cmcc both the
Earl and his Son were her Subjeifls, and to exclude any foreign
Prince, whofe Power might protedl her againft his fatflious and
rebellious Defigns ; of all which having acquainted Queen Eli-
Zjabeth, fhe permitted the Earl to return Home after he had been
banifhed 19 Years, and not 11 as Buchanan and Spotfwood have :
But that fhe might feem to know nothing of the Affair, in a Let-
ter to our Queen (b), fhe advifes her, out of the tender Love and
Regard fhe had for her, to take Care, tiiat fhe did not difpleafe
the Houfe of Hamilton, by fhowing too many Favours to the Houfe
of Lennox.
i^,t»'.l°^ The Earl of Lennox as we have faid, having returned to Scotland
/w""nd'''s *'** ^'^^ Month of January 1564, a Parliament was called, and they
refto'red lo having taken to their Confideration, the Procefs of Forfeiture
againft the Earl of Lennox, whilfl the Duke of Chattelherault was
Governour, they found it null and void in Law, and reflored the

Earl

(«) Miityie dc U K.oyne d' fifcoflc Page 55. i^i) Melvil'i M«ni. ubi fufu

hich ha
|j feronded

Vol. III. Tlje Life of MA KY, ^een of Scotland. 171

Earl to liis former PofTedions. In the beginning of the Month of 5^^;*^
February, Henry Lord Darnly arrived from England, and went^-'V*^
ftraight to the Caftle of Weemyjs, where the Qiiccn then was, to ^^ ^^^
wait upon her, and flie finding him a Prince endued with all thc"'"''^ **'"
Accompliftments ol Body and iMind that fhe could wifli for in ^op^^.^^o
Husband, fhe began fenoudly to think upon marrying him; on the m^'r" ''m-
other Hand, he being exceHively charm'd with the Queen's Beauty,
and her other admirable Endowments, and knowing the fecret
Defigns of the Earl oi Murray againfl her, inftead of being diretft-
ed by him, as he noways doubted of, he became iiis mortal Ene-
my. The Earl finding this, he did all he could to obftrucfb the of w^rj"!
Marriage ; but fince he had propofcd it himfelf, he could not open- f^TAlm,
ly oppofe it, therefore he writes to Queen Eliz^abeth, and ac- \^t °U^.
quaints her of all his Fears and Jealoufics 5 whereupon Queen £//- J^^hic
Zjabeth writes a Letter to our Queen (a), wherein fhe tells her, ^ ^'"^^
That fhe heayd., that fhe defigned to marry the Lord Darnly, xvhich ^''f *^*
was fo dijpleafing to her Englifh Subjects, that fhe tvas obliged to ad-
journ her Englilh Parliament, contrary to the Advice of her Council,
being afraid that they might feclude her from the Succejjion, and
therefore entreated her not to be hajly in that Affair. And at the
fame Time, flie charged Lennox and his Son as her Subjecfls, to
return to England, under the Penalty of her higheft Difplea-
fure.

The Queen to fatisfy her Sifler, whom fke was loatli to give tlie
leafl Difobligation to, made an Offer of a Conference upon this "^^'Jt
Sub)e(5l, for adjufting of this Affair betwixt them, which Queen 'heiQuJr
EliZjabeth agreed to ; and the Place of meeting appointed was MmLgt."
iBerz'jick : For the Queen o( Scotland, was the Earl ot Murray and
Secretary Lithington; and for the Queen o( England, the Earl of
Bedford and Sir Thomas Randolph : When they met, the EnqliPj
Commiflioners urged our Queen's Marriage with the Lord Robert
Dudly, whom Queen EHzjabeth had not long before created Earl
of Letcefler, and promifed in their Miflris Name, That if our
Qjteen would agree to this, fhe would be declared the adoptive Daugh*
ter, Sifter and apparent Heir of England by A^ of Tarliament,
and that a conftant Amity and perpetual Peace betwixt the two Nati-
ons fhould be agreed to.

To this Lithington reply'd, That fuch a Match was tfelozv the
Dignity of the ^^ueen his Miftrifs, who had in her Offer the Infant
o/^^ipain, Charles Duke of Auftria, the King of bwedland, the
Prince of Conde and the T)uke ofYetiara. ; and likewife he thought
it below the Queen of England, to propofe fuch a Alatch to a Jove-
reign ^lueen]her near Kinjwoman, and who had been marrjd to the
King of France. The Earl of Bedford was fo fenfiblc of all that
/.///?W/o// had faid, that he infirted no further on't; zndMt.Vdal
fays {(f), Tliat the Earl of Leiceffer had defired him not to urge it
too much, for he was in jome Expeiiations of obtaining Gljteen £Jiza-

Y y y 2. beth

C*nr(C->

I*) \Jit\'i L\h of Q.ucc> Mirjr, P<|c }<. (t; Ibid Pigt \i.

272. Tl^e Ltfe of MKKX, Qmin 0/ Scotland. Vol. ///.

^Jt^. beth for himjclf; fo that thti Conference broke up wtthont thetr ha-
'•"V^ f/'wf agreed to any Thing.

The Earl of Murray finding liimrdftlius difappointec], when he

returned to Edinburgh, made his Application to his truffy 1 riends

the Minifters (a), who from their I'ulpits told the People, 7'hat

The Mini- ^y ^^^^ Darnly being Topi/h, the G^neen had no other Defgn m

(itt, oppofe fnarrying of hiw, but the oojer turning the Protejlant Religion, which

.rrugc. ^^^^^ i^^^2 (p^jyifjjjed luith the Haz^ard of thetr Lives, and that trt

Order to this, they had fecret Intelligence from France, who were to

ajjijl them loith forces, and that the oppofing this Marriage was not

only for the good of the Country, but for the Glory of God, and the

Purity of Religion, as now efablijheti in the Land, and that if they

did not criifj it now in the Bud, they zvould not have Power to do it

afterwards ; that the Glueen was to revoke all her o^dlicnations made

during her a^inority, and to annex to the Crown all the Church-

Lanas now in the Pojjejjion of the Nobility, which were more thart

tvjo Parts of the Revenue of the whole Kingdom.

The Queen having wrote an angry Letter to Queen Eliz,abethy
concerning the Propofal of her Marriage with my Lord Dudly, for
fome Time there was no Correfpondence betwixt them : The
Sit jamn Qiiecn to takc off this petty Qiiarrel betwixt them, fent Sir James
AAbl(f!dor Melvil Ambalfador, to make an handfome Excufe for her, and to
rtianj. ^^^^^^^ natrowly, the Proceedings of the Englijh Parliament. His
Inftrudtions (b) are given at Edinburgh, upon the l8th o( Septem-
ber i5<54> and by Sir James's Account, this was before my Lord
Darnly came to Scotland ; but of this Negotiation I ihall give a
particular Account in that Gentleman's Life.

Queen e^ary being now firmly refolved upon her Marriage
with the Lord 'Darnly, flie fent to Rome for a Difpenfarion, they
being within the prohibited Degrees by the Canon Law ; and to
ftrcnf^then her felf againfl: any Oppofltion that mi^ht be made by
her Enemies, fhe refiored George Lord Gordon to nis Honours and
cJJJ*,S°nd Eftate, recalled the Earl of Suwerland, who lived an Exile in Flan-
'm^^o^T, ders, and the Earl of Bothwell who had been banifhed to E'ance^
HomV."""* and fummoned a Parliament to meet at Stirling, to acquaint them
of her Defign, and fent Lithington her AmbatTador to England to
the fame Effecft. On the other Hand, Queen Eliz^abeth fent a
Si" xiw^ Memorial to the Governour of £frttJ/V)t, by Henry Mi die more, to
ch,ij. encourage the Earl of Murray, by fufFering all that were to join
him from England, to pafs his Garrifon without troubling them,
and ferved him under Hand all that he could. This Memorial
is dated the 17th o^ March 1564, and isamongft Mr. Crawford's
Colledions ; at the fame Time Ihe fent her AmbafTador Sir Nico-
las Throgmorton, with great Profers of Kindnefs to our Queen, if
ihe woutci defifl from the Marriage; and if he could not perfwade
her, to deal with the Lords of the Congregation to do it, and
to afTure them of her Afliflance; and fhe fummoned the Earl of

Lennox

(<) MsWU'i Mem. Page 44- C6) Melvil'j Mem. P.ge s4.

Vol. III. r^)e Life of MA KY, Qjuen ^f Scotland. J^

Lennox and T>crnly a fecond Time, to return to England ; and JI^^^
upon their not obeying, fhc caufed imprifon in the Tower of ^^V*i'
London^ the Counters ot Lennox ; and knowing, that Lady Jean
Gray, was one of thofe who pretended to compete with our Queen,
as neareft in Succelllon to the Crown o( England, and flie looked
v.'ith a favourable Eye upon her, as it fhe de/igned her for her Suc-
ceifor; and to make it appear that fhe was in Earneft, fhc raifed
Forces upon the Borders ; but our Queen was noways terrify 'd with
all tiicfe Threatnings : And the Parliament having met, flic ob-
tained the Confent of the far greater Part of the Nobility, Barons
and Burgeffes; and upon the 15th Day of (^ay 1565, the Lord Ti,e Lord
T>arnly {(t) was firft knighted, thereafter created Lord of Parliament, l"^t,l
as Lord of Ardmenoch, and tiien created Earl of Rofs ; and to add V^, '"."''
to the hionour or the Solemnity, 14 Gentlemen were knighted at ^'"^^'*"-
tiic fame Time with him, after which he was created Duke of i'"''«'"of
(tAlbany, with an unufual Promp and Ceremony, as it appears from '*""''"'
the Form of Creation ftill extant, wherein there is not one Word
of his being made Duke o^ Rothejay, as Buchanan and his Follow-
ers would malicioufly infinuate. This Refolution of the Queen
and Eflares of Parliament being publifhed, the Earls of Argyle,
Mtirtay, Glencaim, Rothes ; the Lords Boyd and Ochiltrie, allifled
by the Duke of Chattelherault, met at Stirling, ( from whence the Th« u,it
Queen had gone fcmetimc before to St. Johnfioun ) where it was E«gat'ont^
refolved and agreed amongfl them (b), That as the Glue en and the cJ('^^.c\
"Duke 0/ Albany zvere returning to Edinburgh, they Jhoidd fall upon '4.u'«1.""
them at the Kirk of Bath, and Murder )he Duke, and [end the
G^jtecn Prifoner to the Cajlle of Lochlevin : And at the fame
Time, tiiey acquainted their Friends in Edtnburgh to be in Readi-
ncfs to join them; but the Laird of T>uhiU having got Notice of. ?''«'''''»«
their Dcfign, advertifed her Majefty of it, winch made her take '"'"^"*'"'-
her Journey fooner than they expe(5led : Befides, they waited a
long Time for the Earl of oArgyle to join them, who was one of
the chief Confpirators, and by this Means flie efcaped the Snare
they had laid for her ; and their Friends at Edinburgh, Avhen they
found fhe had made her Efcape, they fled the City (c), and Andrew
Slater, ^Alexander Clerk, Gilbert Lauder, WiUiam Harlazv, Mich-
ael Rheind, James Jnglif, James Toung and (Alexander Guthrie
their principal Commanders were denounced Rebels ; their Houfes
poned'cd by the Trcafurer, and their Goods put under Invcntary ;
yet fuch was the innate Clemency and Goodnefs of the Queen, that
at the Intcrceflion of the Magiftrates, fhe reflored and pardoned
them in a few Days after.

Tiie (Jcncral Airembly having met at Edinburgh upon the 151}! Th.ctne-
Day of June i ^6% they drew up a Petition to be prefented to die ".'.mo°"r,''^
Qjecn, wherein, amongfl other Things, rhev require that fhe .^ohft V-
fiiould abolilh the Mafs and all Popilh idolatry (i), not only in her l!!'I'p"f^*

Z z z own "*"'•

(« 1 f;riwfofdi Col. (i) Mrl.ili Mem. figt it- Muttn dc U Rojrnt d" tfcolTe Page <l. (') SpwI. Lik, a, p,,, ,aaL-
W> Sj-ulf. ub. fup. Hetr. P.fi }. f.fe 54.. » ' ' t, , r ^ r.j« 1^

274 '^' L*f' 0/ MARY, gi^en of Scotland. Vol. ///.

'J^f^ own Family, but throiij^h the whole Realm, and that /he and aM
'^'V^ her Subjects miglu protcfs the true reformed Religion conform to
the Word of God ; the Commiffioners (cnt to prclcnt this Pcrition,
found her Majcfty at St JohnJloHn, and from thence followed her
toDnnkeld^ where they got Audience, her Mujefly laving read their
Petition, told them, that (he could not give them an Answer, till
fhecame to Edinburgh, which would be in a few Days, and accor-
dingly when fhc came to Edinburgh upon the lift Day of aydit-
.. - , nufl flie r^ave them an Anfwer in writing; the Subftance of which
was Thiit tis to the abcltjhing of the Majs as Jmptom and idolatrohs,
and her embracing the Proteftant Religion with her whole Family,
to be plain ivith them, tt waf a Thing that Jhe neither could nor
zvould do ; for in the frft Place, fie iv^is firmly perfwaded in her
Confcience, that there loas nothing of Impiety or Idolatry in the Mafs,
and that (he ivas firmly perfwaded that the Catholick Relinon, in
zuhichfie had been brought up, was founded upon the Word of God,
and the only true Reltgton, and Jhe hoped, as /he granted Liberty of
Confcience to all her Subjeds toferve God as they thought ft, Jo that
they would not impoje upon her Confcience, and that fie thought, that
en/en in Policy, they ought not to defire fuch a Thing of her, confide-
rin? that it would alienate from her the Minds of the Kings of Frmcc,
Spain and the other Catholick Princes in jilliance with her; And as
to the eftabiifiing of the Proteftant Religion, that required the Conjent
of the three Eftates of Parliament, and if they agreed to it, it was
all could be remired; but till fuch Time as^ the Parliament met, fie
fhould take Care that no ,>^an fimld be difturbed in the Exercifi of
his' Religion, orfuffer thereby either in his Goods or fortune: and as
to what I hey required concerning the Patronages, fie thought it not re a-
fonable to quite with fo great a Part of the Patrimony of the Crown,
\et whatever was over and above the fupplying of her own Necejjities,
a fpecial Ajjignation fhould be made for the Suflenance of the Alini-
[iers, out of the neareft and mofl commodious Places for them, neither
fhouid her "Bounty and Liberality towards the Poor be refrained, but
extended as far as in Reafon they could require of her; and 'as to ail
their other T>emands, fie promifed to do what the Eftates of Parlia-
ment fhould advife her to.
She m.r. . By this Time Wiliiam Chifiolm Bifhop o(Dumblatn returned from
ehe'cXTf j^^J^ ^^jjj^ ^ Difpenfation from the Pope,, and upon the z8th of
""^"^ 7uly the Queen was married to the Duke of Albany in the Chappel
of tlie Palace of Holy-Rood-Houfe, the Ceremony being performed
by the Dean of Reft air ig, and the next Day he was by Sound ot
Trumpet proclaimed King, and declared to be allociated with her

Maiefty in the Government. ^ , a i, r t i

^btEHl.f> Immediately after the Marriage, the £wf///' 1 enlionary Lords
i!:.! nf? in ^^,ent to Paifley ; and the King and Qiieen (a) towards the End of the
*''^''*°" Month of At*gtift with 50OO Men, went in Purfuit of them : Thefe

Lords removing from Paiftey to Hamilton, a Herauld was fcnt to

flimmon

(a) Spotf. Lib. ♦.P»S« '9»-

Vol. III. The Life of MARY, ^een of Scotland 275

rummon the Caftle to furrender, which they not only rcfufed, but
fent their Majcfties WorJ, that they would fight them the next Day;
and althougli the Earl of Morton and the Lord Lindjay who com-
manded tlie Van Guard of the Queen's Army, fent them Word pri-
vately, that upon their firft Attack they would take themfelves to
their Heels, yet fuch a panick Fear arofe amongft tiicm the next
Day, that they had not the Courage to give Battle, but marched
ftrcight towards Edinburgh (a) ; but they no fooner entred the Town,
but tlic Captain of the Caftle fired fo warmly upon them, that he
obliged them to retire out of the City, after wiiich tliey marched
towards Dumfreis, cxpe(5ling that the Lord Herris and the Maxwells
would join them.

In the mean Time the King and Queen, with their Army, having
punifhed fuch in the Weft as they found in Rebellion, they left the
Earl oi Lennox tiieir Lieutenant for the weftern Counties, an^ march-
ed ftreight towards Stirling, and from thence to Fife, where the
Lairds of Grange, Balcomie, Pitmillie and Ramornie., who had joined
the Rebels, were declared Fugitives, fome others of the meaner
Sort were taken Prifoners, and the Towns of St. Andrews, Perth and
Dundee, who had favoured them, were fined. The Laird of £/&/7/»-
(lon (b), who had brought a Supply of Ten thoufand Pounds Sterling
to the Rebels from £«^/i7«(^, was declared Traitor, and a Proclama-
tion was publilhed, fhewin^, That although the Pretence of Rebels
was Religion, yet their real Defign was the dethroning of their Ma-
jefties, and the enflaving of their Country to England, who had
lately fent them a Supply of Money, their Majefties Army, now
confiftini^ of 18000 Men, being much fuperior to the Rebels, they
marcIiecT ftreight to Dumfreis, where the Rebels then lay. The Lore!
Herris finding that the Queen inclined to pardon fuch as would
fubmit to her Mercy, he willingly fubmitted, and was ever after a
moft dutiful and faithful Subjedl to her ; but the Earls of (^Murray,
Clencairn, Rothes, the Lords Boyd SindOchiltrie, rheCommendator
of Kilwinning, and divers others of good Note fled into England;
the moft of all our Hiftorians fay, Tnat the Duke of Chatelterault
fled likewife into England with them : But Mr. Calderwood in his MS.
Hiftory in the College of Glafgow, favs, " That when the King and
" Queen came to Glajgovj, the DuKe was tiien vifiting the Arch-
" Bifliop of St. aAndrews at Paijley, being then an old infirm Man,
" and hearing that their Majefties defigned to take him Pnfoner,
" and he having no Forces with him, he wrote a Letter to the Queen,
" acquainting her, thatfince his Vifit to the Archbifhop, where fome
" oi liis Friends had Time to fee him ( fo he calls the Rebels) was
" mifreprefcnted, he fhould withdraw to a Place where he ftiould
" give no Otfence ; and having gone to 'Dumfreit, where he was
*' attended bv his Friends and the Lord Herris, the King and Queen
" likc'wi(e followed him thither : But the Duke being acquainted
♦» with tiieir coming, fent another Letter with the Abbot oiJCtUvinning

Z z z 1 «« to

(<) Mtrific 4c It KejotittStatTt, Pag. 71. (i, SudtiiaalLift oi Queco Mirf, Vif- )(•

I'j6 The Life of MARY, ^een of Scotland. Vol. III.

rN^\-^ H fQ jI^c Qiiccn, wlicrcin he tells her, that fincc he fotinc! his grcaten:
^•''^^ " Retirements were ftill miflaken, he dcfircd a Pafs, that he might
" have Liberty to go to France, wliere he hoped to live free from
" the Envy of his Enemies, which the Queen granted him, tho' not
" altogether with the Confent of the King; and the Duke not only
" went to France foon tliereaftcr, but ftayed there, till the (^leen,
" when a Prifoner at Carlijle (cm for him, about four Years after his
" Departure.

Tlie Queen was no fooner informed of the Lords makin" tlicir

Efcapc into Engl^ind, but fhe wrote a Letter to the French Ambaffa-

dor, and another to the Spani/h, complaining of Queen £//^L^^f//,'.s

harbourinf^ of her rebellious Subjects, and fomenting Divifionsand

Rebellion amongfl: them, by fupplying them with Money, and all

^^, ^f other Necellaries. On the other Hand, the Lords fent up to London

Z-rr^/'«na the Earl of (^Iwray and the Abbot of Kilwinning to require her

x'/zi-S^ Adiftance with Men and Money; (he having promilbd, fays Si f

coX.heir James e^dchil (4 " by her AmbafTadors to Hazard her Crown in

"ou?th«eV " their Behalf, in cafe they were driven to any Strait : But the two

" Ambafladors of France and Spain having told her in their Aiafters

*' Names, that they could not but take notice of her ungenerous

*' Treatment of the Qiieen of Scots, by fheltering of her rebellioits

" Subjects, and fomenting of Divifions amongfl: her Neighbours.

" Upon this fhe fent fecretly to the Earl of a^urray and the Abbot

" of Ktlwinning, that unlefs they denied before the AmbafTadors of

" France and Spain, that fhe had any Hand in flirring them up againfl

" their Prince, fhe could give them no Afllflance ; but if they would

" do that, they might expcdV her Afliftance to the outmofl of her

" Power : This they had the Meannefs of Soul to accept of, and

" upon their Knees before the Ambafladors, they confefled, fays

" Sir "James, that fhe had never moved them to thatOppofition and

" Refinance againfl the Queen's Marriage. Upon this fhe faid, Now,

" you have told the Truth, for neither did I, nor any in my Name

" flir you up againfl the Queen your Miflrifs : For your abominable

« Treafon may ferve for an Example to my own Subje(5ls to rebel

" againfl me ; therefore get you out of my Prefence, for you arc but

" unworthy Traitors". And altho' fhe would not feem openly after

this to favour them, yet fhe caufed a good Sum of Money to be

difhibuted amongfl them at Newcaftle ; and it was given out, that

it was a Contribution from their Friends in England of their own

Relioion; and fhe immediately difpatched one of the Gentlemen

of her Bed-Chamber, named Tamivorth to acquaint our Queen how

Mr. Tsm- fhe had vindicated her felf before the French and Spani/h Ambaflk-

Ambafl-'do" dors : But with all, in her Letter to her, fhe begs her to reftore

;«T *i?de- them to her Favour. The Queen being inform'd that this Ambaf-

nj-d'Acceft. faJot had no Commiflion to the King, and Orders not to give

him the Title of King, fhe denied him Accefs; and in her Anfwer

to Queen Elizjabeth's Letter, fhe told her, That fhe ought no wore

to

(<•) Mdvil'i Mcmoiri Page ;7i

Vol. in. The Life of MA KY, ^een 0/ Scotland. lyy

to meddle with her Subjeifs, than Jhe and her Husband meddled with "^^^^
hers. '-*^/^'

A General Affembly having met at Edinburgh upon the 25th of -j^^^^^^
September, the Queen's Anfwers to the lafl Aflcmbfies Pecition was "'-^""""^^
read and regiftrated, and a Reply made to them, (a), " Wherein <!«•"" 'o**
" they made a long Reprefentation to her, of the Purity and Ho- ft"".""*;.
" lincfs of their Religion, as now preached in the Realm, and of-oXlfci:
" the Impurity and Idolatry of her Religion, which they offer to ^''^*"'
" make appear to her xMajefty, either by preaching the Word of
" God in Its Purity, or bv difputing with her Priefts, where and
" wlien her Grace would be pleafed to appoint them ; and as to
'• her being afraid of offending her Popifh Allies, fhe fhould rather
" be afraid of offending the King of Kings, without whofe Favour
" and Protecflion, no Friendfhip or Confederacies upon Earth can
" be firm and lafting, the Profeflion of the true Religion being the
" only Bond that can make God favour the Projecfls of Princes. As
" to what concerns the Rights of Patrons, they fay, That their
" Meaning never was, thap flie or any other Patron fhould be
" defrauded of tlieir jufl Rights, only they defigned, when any
" Benefice was void, that fuch qualified Perfons as fhould be exa-
" mined and approven of by the Superintendants, fhould be pre-
" Tented; for as the Prefentation belongeth to the Patron, fo doth
" the Collation belong to the Church, otherwife, were it in the
" Patrons Power to prefent whom they pleafed, it would ruin the
" Church ; as to her retaining Part of the Benefices in her own
" Hand, fhe could not do it, either bv the Law of God or Man,
" fince it tends to the Deflrucfbion of^ fo many poor Souls, thac
" mufl perifh for want of Inftru(5lion. And La^ly, They ihank her
" Majefly for giving AfTignations to the Minifters, after the fup-
" plying of her own NecefTities 5 but they humbly conceive, that
*' they ought firft to be provided out of the Tithes, which is the
" Patrimony of the Church, and therefore they required, that all
" thefe Articles may be reformed by her Majefly and Council, af-
*' tcr which tliey adjourned till the 15th of December ".

The Banifhed Lords having renewed their Addrefs to the Queen
of England for her AlTiflance, according to her Promife, a Cabin
Council was called, to confult what Method was mofl proper to
be taken for fatisfying of them, fome were for affifling them with
Men and Money (b), but that Projedl was rejedfed, becaufe it
might involve the two Nations in a War ; feveral other Expedients
were propofcd, which was likewife rejected ; At length, Secretary
Cecil and Sir Thomas Randolph propofed, that the Apple of Dif-
cord fhould be thrown betwixt the Queen and her Husband, by TheMi.ft,
fomenting Jealoufics and Sufpitions betwixt them, by which Means onhe'%-
cithcr the one or the other, if not both, fhould become a Prey tOnf'th,''o''«Ti'
riieni, and the Earl oi <*^orton, who was their faithful Correfpon- Pw^rlh,'""
i\tnK^ and entirely irufled, both by the King and Queen, and every ^J'^'J^^/j^

A a a a way

It) Htiful-nr i-Vti^t 344. (») Mitiyic 4* U Rojn* d' Efioffc Ch.p. «.

zyJi Tlje Life 0/ MARY, ^een 0/" Scotland Vr.l. fff.

ATTts?. ^^'^y rufficieiitly qualify'd for carrying on a Plot, was pitched upon
^-''^^^'^ as the Man to whom they fhould commit the whole Manaj^cmcnt
of this Affair. Tliis hellifh Projedt fuccecded to Admiration, for
hitherto there had been nothing but an intirc Love betwixt them,
but (^Morton had no fooner got his Inflrudtions, but the Scheme
of Affairs quite altered, for he went ftraight to the King and told
him. that it was not to be imagined how much the Nobility were
difatisfied witli the Queen's Familiarity with David Riz^io, her
Secretary for her French and Italian Letters, a Stranger, and a
Fellow of no Birth, whilft ftie negleded her ancient Nobility; and
A/l.r(.»"'u°[ finding that the King was pleafed with the Freedom he ufed witli
•hit in t««-him, he proceeded and told him, that his Maiefty bein^ by Birth
the firft Prince or the Blood, and now flusband to the Qiieen, he
ou"ht to have the whole Government in his own Hands, and that
it was againft the Laws of God and Man, that Women fhould have
the Government ; as Mr. Knox had clearly proven in his Book
againft the Regiment ot Women, and far lefs that a Wife fliould
have Power of governing over a Husband, whom by the Law of
God flie is bound to obey, therefore he advifed him to claim the
matrimonial Crown, as the Queen's Husband, and to alTume the
Government in his own Perfon ; after this he went to the Queen
and told her, that lie fufpecfled the King her Husband had fuch a
Defjon, and that he being but young, rafh and inconfiderate, ifflie
Ihould grant him die matrimonial Crown, and that if he fhould
take upon himfelf the fole Government, he would be but a meet
Servant o^ England' 'i, where he was born, and enflave her, their
only true and undoubted Prince, to whom the Government undif-
puteably belong'd. Not long after this, the King demanded the
matrimonial Crown, which the Queen refufing, the King was
firmly perfwaded that this was done by the Advice of Riz^io, and
tells e^kforton what his Conjedluic was, (*^orton confirms him in
his Sufpicion, and to incenfe him the more againfl him, he tells
him, that it was loudly rumour'd Abroad, that Rtz^io and the Qiieen
were too familiar; this fays Caujjin (a), made the over heated Touth
become in a Manner furious, racked with the two Fiends of Jealoufy
and yimbition^ the one reprefentin^ to his difiurbed Imagination, that
fje pajjed for a King in Fancy on^, and had but an imaginary T'hrone;
and the other, that a Slave was a Partner in his 'Bed; which made
thoje Heats of Love, which the excellent Beauties of the Q^een had
raijed in his Breajl, to burfl forth in a Flame, ivhich had many dif-
mal Ejfet^s. T/?f frjl of which, was the murdering of his imagina-
ry Rival in her own Prefence, big with Child, and grajping her
Garments and crying for Mercy : But I have given a particular Ac-
count of this Murder in the Life of the Lord Ruthven.

The Queen, notwithffanding of this horrid Murder, and thebafe
and unworthy Treatment of her felf, being reconciled to her Hu(-
band, and the Murderers having fled to England, Sir Robert AtelvU

who

(4; Life of Queen Mary.

Vol. III. The Life 0/ MARY, ^een of Scotland. 179

who was at this Time AmbalTador at the Court of England (a), ';;^^^
was ordered to require the Queen of England to deliver up Mor- ^Q^,^
ton, Ruthvcn and Lindfay-^ upon which Q.ucen EliZjabeth ilfued t..t"i","doo''.
out a Proclamation, banilhing them out of her Dominions, but atch^ouKiU-
thc fame Time fhe fent Mr. Henry KtUigrew AmbafTador to Scotland^ (![!«*'"'"
.10 complain of our Queen's harbouring one Mr. Ruxbie a Papift,
whom ihe proclaimed a Rebel, and was greatly in Favour at her
Court, as likewife to congratulate her Succefs againfl; her Enemies ;
and fhe fent Word privately to tlie Murderers, that notwithftan-
ding of her Proclamation, no Harm fhould be done to them, pro-
viding tiiey were quiet.

This Ruxbie, was a Fellow whom Secretary Cecil had fent down
to Scotland, to be an Intelligencer, and to procure him the more
Credit, caufed him to be proclaimed a Fugitive and Rebel, and
pretending to be a bigoted Papifl:, he got Credit with the Popifh
Clergy, especially with the Bifhop of Rofs, who revealed to him all
that he knew, which he puncftually acquainted Secretary Cectl of;
yet their Correfpondence was not fo fecretly kept, but that Sir
Robert c^ehil got Notice of it, and of a Letter that the Secretary
liad wrote to him in Cyphers, wherein he promifed him a fuffici-
ent Reward, and defired him to continue his Diligence. Sir Robert
having advertifed the Queen of this, he was apprehended, and
they found not only that Letter, but all his other Letters to Cectly
■with their Anfwers ; upon which the Queen fent for the Englijh
Ambaflador and told him, TTjat Jhe had caufed apprehend Ruxbie,
and zvould fend him to her Sifier the Gjjieen of England, whenever
Jhe pleafed to demand him : But fhe told him nothing of the true
Caufe of his being feized, for fear of provocking Queen Eliz^abeth
and her Secretary.

The Time of the Queen's Delivery drawing nigh, the Council
met, to advife upon the Place where her Majefty fhould be brought
to Bed, and it was agreed that the Caftlc of Edinburgh fhould be
the Place, and that the Earl of u4rran who was kept Prifoner there, The Qu«n
fhould be fent to Hamilton, and confined within two Miles round bed'^oF .' '°
it, he obliging himfelf to enter Prifoner upon Demand at 20 Days iTj^^f
\yarning, either in the CsiMe of Edinburgh, T)unbar or 'X>unbarton,"''^'J^"!"*
as fhould be required ; for which the Earls of Murray and Glen- 3i,V*"oif«!'*
cairn became Sureties. The Queen being conveyed to the Caftle,
fhe gave a fplendid Entertainment to all tlie Nobility then prefent,
and reconciled them to one another, and upon the 19th Day of
June i$66, betwixt 9 and lO of the Clock in the Evening, fhe was
brought to bed of a Son, to tlie great Joy of all her Subjecfls, for
whicn there was Thanks given to God the next Day in St. Giles
Church, and the Lady "Roynel (b\ was fent in the Queen's Name
to Sir James Melvil, to go with all hafte to acquaint her Siflei"
Queen Elix^abeth with it ; and of this EmbafTy you have an Account
in the Hiftory of that Gentleman's Life.

A a a a 1 The

(,») MfUil't M<nK. fige id. (k) M*\<iri Mwa. ?•(« *r

Ibo The Life of MAK Y, ^een of Scotland. Vol. fjf."

^^"yP The General Allembly having met upon the 25th of June, the
'^'^^^^ SiipcrintLMidant of Lothian was fent by them to t\\c (^icen, to
i.iAiTemMy tcmfv thcif jov fot thc I'rincc's Birth, and torecjuirethar he miyjit
hVmouUbe be baptized, according to the Form ufed in the Reformed Churche?,
^TTcfr *'' thc Qtiecn calling for the Child, that thc Supcrintend.int might fee
"'"""■ him, the Superintcndant taking the Child in his Arms, fell down-
upon his Knees, and made a fhort Prayer for his Happinefs and i'ro-
iperity : But concerning this Baptifm, I (hall give an Account in
the Hiltory of tliis Trince's Life.
The Kin. By tliis Timc, the Earl of Murray had regained the Queen's
muTj.'nnso' Favout uiorc than ever he had, and was become her fole Confi-
'/!'/!J-.7'°o' dene, which the King taking heinoufly ill, herefolved to treathim
uh.df'hl^B"'.- ^s '1*^ '^"'J treated Rtz^io, but being a weak Prince, he mifmanaged
iH'fpi"''^'! his whole Plot, and became a Sacrifice to the Earl of Murrays
Revenge, which happened thus, The^lueen having recovered fome
Strength, Jke zvent by Waiter to Alloa (a), where pe diverted herjetf
forfome Days, during vjhich Time, the Kmg taking this Opportu-
nity, revealed to her the whole Contrivance of RizioV Murder, and
how that all was owing to Murray, and that unlefs he and his Compli-
ces were treated after the fame Manner, neither of them was Jure of
their Lives, and therefore he refolved to difpatch him (/>). It is not
to be imagined with what Horror and Amazement the Queen heard
of this Propofal, for fhe knew not where this Revenge might end ;
for he was hardly got out of the murdering of one, when he was
projeding the murdering of another : Befides, fhe had fuch an
jnnare Clemency and Mercifulnefs in her Temper, that nothing
could be more affrighting to her; Co after fhe had reprefcnted to
him the Heinoufnefs of the Crime, the Diferacethat it would bring
upon them botii, the fatal Confequences that would attend it, ana
and how, that upon Convidion and Tryal, if he fhould be found
Guilty, he might be punifhed. And LajHy, She plainly told him,
that unlefs he abandoned all fuch wicked Defigns, he could have no
Share in her Affe(ftion. But he perfifting fiill in his Refolution,
fhe fhunned his Company wherever fhe went, hoping that this
might reclaim him, which her Enemies attributed to the hatred
that fhe had conceived againfl him for the killing of Riz,io. Thc
King perceiving that the Queen would not go into his Meafures,
he told his Defign to feveral of his Truflees, by which Means it
came to the Earl of (^Vliirrays Ears, who did not feem to take any
Notice of ir.

In the mean Time, the Queen being informed of feveral Dif-
orders committed upon the Borders, fhe refolved by eafy Journeys
to go thither her felf, to hold "jufttce Courts^ then known by the
Name of Jufice jiirs; and fhe fent James Hephitrn Earl of Both-
well, before her to Liddifdale, with a Commi/Tion, for fuppreffing
of all fuch as he found in Arms, or committing Inrods upon the
Englifh Borders ; but when he came there, he met with a very

warm

(«) Spoif. Lib. 4. Pag. lyt. (!>) M«rt)rte de U Royne d" hfcofle C«p. J.

Vol. III. The Life of MAKY, ^een of Scotland. ^

Harm Reception, for inftead of throwing down tlieir Arms, they ^^"^^-^

not only defpifcd him and his CommiHion, but attacked him with i^*

fuch Fury and Relolution, that altho" there was not any Man in his

Age that had greater perfonal Valour than lie had, yet he hardly

efcaped witli Ins Life (a), being dan^eroufly wounded by John Eliot

otPcirk. The Queen being informed of Bothweirs Misfortune went

to vifit him at the Caftle of Hermitage, where lie then lay 'to be

cured of his Wounds : After Ihe had ftayed about half an Hour with

him, being afraid to fall into the Hands of thefe Borderers, fhetook

Horfe, and ported tliat Niglit to Jedburgh, where /he fell into a

/liarp Fever, occafioned by the Fatigue of her Journey, and the ^^'•■^"'^

Sharpnefs of the Night Air : During tli£ firft twoDavs oi her Illnefs -atec

(he was extremely out of Order, but upon the third i3ay fhe recover'd "-^^jJ^l"

the \Jk of her Reafon, and with a weak and feeble Voice calling

for thofe who Waited upon her, fhe told them with a very fcrene

Countenance (b), " That fhe believed a few Hours would remove D«,h,'„t*;

" her from this Life to a better, and tiio' fhe had been fond enough bc'LToI.*"'

" of Life, that now fhe found it no hard Thing to refolve upon STcljioi."

" Death ; and altho' flie had not fpent her Time fo well as fhe ou^ht

" and might have done, and deferved not that Happinefs which fte

" iiopcd was prepared for her, yet fhe found a certain Comfort in

" knowinn;, that as her Creator was infinitely juft, he was infinitely

" merciful too ; flic thanked God fhe had 'fo much Time allowed

*' her to repent for her Sins pafl, and heartily begged for Perfeverance

" and Continuance in that Faitli in which fhe was educated. Then

*' repeating the Creed and the Lord's Prayer, fhe recommended to

*' them Concord and Unity amongft themfelves, tlie Protection of

" the Royal Infant her Son, and that likewife they would not perfe-

" cute her Catholick Subjedts, fince during the Courfe of her Reign

" fhe had ever been fo indulgent, as never to force any Man to the

" Exercife of any Religion to which his Confcience did not freely

" give his Confent. Then recommending to them her trench Ser-

" vants, fhe addrefTed her felf to the French AmbafTador Monfieur

** de la Crete, faying, Remember me to the King your Majler, J hope

" he will protect my dear Son; tell him from me, that I de fired he ivould

" give one Tears Revenue of my Dozory after my Death for the Pay-

*' nient of my T>ebts and Servants Fees : "But above all, tell the Queen

" (^Mother, that I heartily and fincerely ask her Forgivenejs for all

" tho^e Ojfences which I either did, or was faid to have committed

" agatnji her. She likewife forgave all who iiad offended her any

" Manner of Way, but more particularly her Husband, and the

" Murderers of her Servant, who if they returned after her Death

" fhe hoped they would not fuffer to come near the Prince het

« Son.

Tlie King, who was in the Weft Country with his Father the Duke
of Lennox, being informed of the Queen's Sicknefsy hafted to Jed-
burgh, but finding that the Qpeen was willing to have more Sati5fa(ffion

B b b b from

(«} Crawf. Mtm. f<f >• i^) IM,

28i The Life 0/ MARY, ^«rj of Scotland. Vol. flf.

f^*^''*^ From him as to his Defigns than he was inclined to give her, he went
^^^^v^ ftrei'^ht to the Caftle of Stirling, to wait till the Time appointed
for tfic Solemnity of therrincc's Baptifm, it having pleafcd (iod to
Jovt^'h.1 have recovered the Queen out of her Sicicnefs, as ihe returned to
M«rt;'^t Edinburgh, at the Houfe of Cratgmilhr, the Karl s of o^lrgyle and
Vo". .0 i°i; Murray, and Secretary Lithington propofcd a Divorce to her MajcAy,
rJro'cdw.th noways doubting, but that the fceming Averfion that ftic fhcwed to
inj.goacon. j^^^ Husband was a real one, and that their Propofal could not but
relifh with her: The excellent Qjieen was as much furprized with
the Extravagancy of this Propofal, as with the Horridncfs of her
Husband's againrt them, and asked them how that could be done
without putting a Stain upon her Honour (a) ? To this they replied.
That there was no Difficulty in that upon two Accounts, for they
could prove that he led a debauch'd and dilTolute Life, in taking
other Women, and in proving him to be the Author of RiZjios
Murder, if fhe would call home the banifhed Lords. To this the
Qiieen replied,That as for the Debauchcdnefs of her Husband,he was
but young, and might be reclaimed ; and that if any Thing led him
into thefe Meafures, fhe knew that it was his own eafy good Nature,
that mif»ht be tempted by bad Company ; but for recalling the Con-
fpirators to ruin him, fhe would never agree to : So, fays fhe, let
Matters fland as they are, till it pleafes God to amend them. This
Proiecfb having fail'd them, they refolved to take a more cffedual
Method, after the Ceremony or the Baptifm was over: Intjiemean
Time the Minif^ers railed at the Queen, becaufe the King was not
prefent at the Baptifm. The Authors of this Queen's Life differ in
their Accounts of the Reafons that moved the Queen not to have
him prefent, but that which feems moft probable is, that the Englijh
AmbafTador having Infl:ru(flions from his Miftris Queen Eliz^aheth
not to own him as King, but as Lord Darnly, fhe would not fuller
him nor her felf to be fo affronted ; and being loath to fall at Vari-
ance with theQiieen of England, it was thought expedient that he
fhould not be prefent, but keep his Chamber, under the Pretence of
an Indifpofition. But Bifhop Lefly tells us, if he be the Author of
the Book that is written in Vindication of Queen Mary, under the
Name of e^organ Philips {b). That it was the French Pox, and that
fince this was wrote by one who was intimately acquainted with him,
prefent at the Baptifm, publifhed in three different Languages, Latin,
French and Englifh, and Eleven Years before Buchanans Death, and
never anfwered either by him, or any of his Party, we have Reafon
to believe that this was the Poifon that the Hiflorians fay, he got
ThtQuwn-. ^"^ broke out upon himinBoilsatC/^j^oty, during all which Time
grc.tAffeai- the Qiieen attended him like a Nurfe ; but altho' the Hand of God
Huiba«d. was thus upon him, yet Murray refolved to be revenged for his

Defign againfl him, which he brought about thus :
feV'^^'the The Earl of Murray by his own Interefl, and that of his Friends,
M/.nd'^i," procured the recalling of Morton ^ndLindfayiiom England, whom

Complices. " I

(«) Spotf. Lib. 4. Pig. 196, Mtitrre it U Koyae dc Ercofle, Cbap. 8. Mclvil'i Mem. ubi Aipia. (i) Lood. 1 570 in 8vo,

Vol. III. T?;g Ltfe of MAKY, Queen of Scotland. 2.{^

the Queen pardoned at the Defire of the Endijh Ambafla- rv'^/N
dor (a), and finding that her AfFedion to her Husband, notwitli- CryS*'
ftanding of all the Offences he had given her, was not to be
removed ; he and his Friend Morton refblved to murder him, and
to make the Earl of Bothwell her greateft Favourite, the main In-
ftrumcnt in it ; for tliey knew him to be a Man of an afpiring (b)
and ambitious Temper, that would undertake any Thing, that
would render him confiderably greater than any of his fellow Sub-
jecfts, and that he had a Boldnefs and Refolution fuitable to his
Ambition ; him therefore they Addrefs under the fpecious Pretence
of an inviolable Friendfhip for him, and Loyalty for the Queen
their Miftrifs, who was extremely abufed by her Husband, and that
they knowing his Fidelity and Loyalty to her, which he made ap-
pear upon all Occafions, they thought they could not make their
Applications to any Perfon that could afllft them with Advice and
Counfel, for relieving of their afflidted Qiieen better than to him,
and they knew that (he was a Princefs of fuch ftridl Vertue, that
ihe would hear of no Propofals of divorcing from him; as refledl-
ing upon her own Honour, fhe herfelf having made choice of him
for her Husband, againft the Advice of all her Friends, and of all
the Princes of Eurofe ; yet they knew that it would be a moft
agreeable Piece of iiervice done to her, if a Method could be fal-
len upon to difpatch him, in wl.ich fhe fhould feem not to have
any Hand : For tho' fhe had all the Reafon in the World to take
his Life, even in Law and Juftice, for murdering her Secretary,
imprifoning her felf, and ufurping the Government in his own
Hands, he being only a Subjed ; yet fuch was her innate Goodnefs,
that flie had pardoned him for them all, and that to their Know-
ledge, his Lordfllip had fuffered Riz^ids Fate, had he not at that
Time made his Elcape out of the Window of the Palace, therefore
their Opinion was, that the Queen, in whom the Safety of the
Nation confifted, fhould be freed from the harfh Treatments of a
Fool and Debauchee, and that afterwards, fhe fhould be married to
fome young Nobleman that was agreeable to her ; and the Nation,
wlio were unanimoufly againfl her marrying any foreign Prince, and
they knowing, that in regard of his many fingular Services done
to her M4)e(ly, the Accomplifhments or his Perfon and Mind,
that none could be more agreeable to her than himfelf; befldes,
that they had confidered aU the Circumflances of the refl 6f the
Nobility, fome of which fhe would not marry, becaufe they had
offended her, others flie would not marry, becaufe of their Proxi-
mity of Blood, others had Multitudes of Children, and would ndt
willingly Divorce from their Wives ; fo that they found him the
fitted Perfon amongft them all, for being a Husband to her Maje-
fly, and that if he would fubfcribe a Paper with them, and go imo
rlieir Meafures, ihcy and moft of the Nobility would fland byhiih
with tlicir Lives and Fortunes, in procuring his Marriage with tht

B b b b i Queen.

, 1 1 «

C<j Mdrll'i Mcmoiii figc ;). (t> Muiyrt it U R.07M a'tlcoO* Ciup. t.

Z«4 "^f^^ ^'/^ of MAK Y, ^ceri of Scotland. Vol. III.

rs^/v*^ Qijecn. Nocliing could be more rclilliing than this Proportion to
^^K^ fuch a Man as Bothivcll was : So after his Concurrence with them,
in rcqratin^ the Queen's harfli Treatment by her Husband, and
thanklno; them tor the Honour they had done him, and the great
Truft tlfcyhad put in him, told them, that he could not fee what
way lie could marry the Qiieen, fince he had a Wife of his own,
ancJ of the moft co'nfiderable Family in tlie Nation, fhe being the
Barl of //«w//ys Daughter. To this they replied, That they could
cafily obtain a Divorce for him, by pretending that he and his Lady
were within the prohibited Degrees, and that he had committed
Adultery with her Coufin. This having fully fatisfied 'BothweUs
Scruples, he being a Man of no Confcience or Probity, Blackwood
and Ca?//i>(lcn fay (a), That immediately Indentures were drawn up
and fubfcribed by thefe three Earls : And Biackioood fays (^), That
d/llcxandcr Hay Writer in Edinburgh^ wlio was afterwards made
Clerk-Ref;ifter wrote them, and he was alive when M^r^Ji^W wrote
this : And to confirm the Truth of wiiat they fay, John Hepburn a
Servant of the Earl of Bothzvelfs openly confelTed when he was
no'xu'y to Death, That as he fhould anfwer to the great God, Mur-
ray and Morton were the principal Authors, Counfellors anci
Aihfters with his Mafter, of this execrable Murder; and that his
Alaftcr not only told iiim fo, but that he had feen the Indentures
interchanged betwixt them ; wherein it was agreed, that he who
had the bed Opportunity to kill him, fhould put it in Execu-
tion.

During the Time of this hellifh Contrivance, the King who lay
flck at Glafgow, turning daily worfe and worfc, the Queen being
advcrtifcd of it, went with all hafte to vifit him, and thinking that
it miglit haflen his Recovery, fhe not only was heartily reconciled
to him ; but for ten Days Time fhe waited upon him, as a Nurfe
would do upon a fickly and tender Child, and that he might be
more carefully taken notice of, fhe caufed him to be tranfported to
Bdtnbnrgh; whdre he was lodged in the X/H-/vf/(^, as the befl air'd
Place about tiie City.

He was no fooner arrived at Edinburgh, but the three Earls met,
and refolvcd with all Expedition to put their Plot in Execution,
and having agreed upon the Manner and Method of it, the Day
before the Murder, the Earl of c^urray went to the Queen; and
told her. That his Lady was very fick, and therefore begged Leave
to go to the Country to fee her, yet he could not refrain himfelf
Irom faying at his parting with my Lord Harris, That ere to Mof-
roiu he Jhottld hear jlrange JSfews ; which that noble Lord afterward
upbraided him with to liis Face, before the fw^///^ Commiffioners
at Tork' The Day appointed for the Murder being the loth of Fe-
bruary 1 567, the Queen according to her ordinary Cuflom, liaving
parted with her Husband about one of the Clock in the Morning,
met, as fhe was going, in to her Palace, a Servant of the Earl of

BQthwell\

(») fihckwosi ubifar-Cnnbd. AauU of Q^EUs. td Ai^ ij«7. (0 f'B* ">

Vol. Ill The Life of MAKY, ^eert o/" Scotland 185

iBothweWs, whom flie asked where he had been, that he fmelled fo ^^f^,
ftron"ly of Gun-Powder : Tlie Fellow made fome triffling Anfwer, *«^V^
and no further Notice was taken of it. About two of the Clock in
the Morning, the Houfe in which the King lodged, was blown up
with Powder, .whicli made fuch a terrible Noife, that not only the
Queen, but the whole City was alarm'd with it, and none feemed
more tlian the Earl of Bothwell, who being then with the Queen,
•was fent with fome other Noblemen to fee what the Matter was.
Bothwell upon his Return feemed fo concerned, that he could
hardly tell the Story to her Maiefty ; but at length he got through
it, and told her, That it feemed there had heenjome Powder lodged
in the Houfe zuhere the King wcis, zchich had accidental!) taken FirCj
and blown up the Houfe and killed his c^ajej}y, and the Gentlemen
of the Bed-Chamber, who were then in watting^ ; who were all found
dead at a confidcrable 'Di fiance from the Houfe, in an Orchard hard
by the Town-Wall. Upon this the Queen retired to her Clofer,
where (he wept moft bitterly. Spotfiuood fays (a), That he and his
Gentleman zvere firjl Jlrangled and carried to the Fields, and tht
Houfe blown up afterwards ; for not one Bone of his whole Body was
either broken or bruifed, zuhich mufi needs have been after fuch a
'violent Fall, if he had been blown up with the Powder ; beftdes, there
was not the leafl Stain either upon his Body or Shirt; And this he
fays was done bv Bothwell. Sir James Melvtl fays (b), That he was
taken out of his Bed, and brought dozvn to a Stable, where they fuffb-
cated him, by flopping a Napkin in his Mouth : But, Sir Roger
oAflon an Englijh Man, who lodged in tlie Kings Chamber that
Night (c), being one ot diofe of the Bed-Chamber, then attending
fays. That the Earl of Dunbar and he, having fmelt the Fire of <*
cratch, they leapt both out at a Wmdozv into the Garden; and that
the King catching hold of his Sword, and fufpedfing Treafon, not
only again fl himjelf, but the Gfueen and the young Prince, who was
then at Holy-Rood-Houfe zvttlh his Mother, defired him to make all
the Hajle he could to accjuaint her of it, and that immediately, armed
Men rulhing in to the Room, feiz,ed upon him Jingle and alone, and
fobbed him, and then laid him in the Garden, and afterwards bleiu
up the Houfe; and that the King s 'Body being viezved, they found that
he was not in the leaf fcorched by the Fire, but fain. And this Tale
fays Sanderfon, was told by y^pn himfelf, fince he came into Eng-
land with king James : But whatever Truth be in thefe different
Reports, it is certain that he was murdered by the Earls of ATwrray,
Morton and Bothzvell, and their Alfociates.

Thus died Henry Lord Tfarnly, in the zi Year of his Age, who
was, fays Mr.Crazvford, (d). One of the handfomejl Men of that Jge, ^^
exceeding tail, and extraordinary well fhaped, he had very fine a,r."
Hair, and a winning Grace in niojl of his uidions, a dexterous
Horfe-Man, and the beji fkil/ed in warlike Exercifes of any in his
Time; lut wtthall, was fo very eafily gained upon, that there was no

Cc c c T>if'

ilClun;

286 The Life 0/ MARY, gincen of Scotland Vol. /ff.

A,7 .-g jJijHculty to perfivade hint to the Belief of the hardefi Things, nor
Hid the invincible Ties of Honour and Interefl oblige him to conceal

^^^"^/^ could the invincible Ties of Honour and Interefl oblige him to conceal
even Secrets of the greateji Importance.

The next Day atter the Murder was committed, early in tlic
', *v«7,om Morning, arrived Robert Bury {a) from Marfailes ; who was fcnt
^'.T.mgth; by the Arch-Bifliop of Glajgow with Letters totheQiicen, acquain-
rCoV\iL\ ting her that a Plot was laid againft her Life, her Son's and her
*"'■ Husband; but who the Confpirators were, he had not as yet lear-

ned. In the mean Tmie, the People had various Conjcdhires
about the Murderers, fomc fixing it upon Murray and Morton^
others upon 'Bothuell; but die Minifters pcrfwadcd them that it
was die Qiieen : But her Innocence was fufUciently proven after-
wards, even to the Conviiftion of die Mob, by the dying Tcrtimo-
nies of all the Murderers. On the other Hand, the Qiiccn cau/cs
She i<r,.e. publifh a Proclamation, wherein large Sums of Moncv were pro-
m.'tion'"''*" mifcd to fuch as fhould difcover the Murderers ; and the JulUce
Mufdcre?s' Gcnctal, the Harl of ylrgyle was ordered, not only to deliver the
(aid Sumnies to the Informer, but to make a narrow Search after the
Murderers ; but he being Murray and Mortons Friend, negledeJ
both. In the mean Time, the Queen caufed the King to be em-
balmed and buried privately, but with great Decency in the Church
o( Holy-Rood-Hoiife; riie Corps being attended by the Lordjufticc
Cleric, Trac^uair and (cveral other Perfons of Qiiality and Note ;
and he was interred in the fame Vault with her Father King J^ww
the Vth ; and here I cannot but take Notice of the implacable
Malice of Buchanan, whofe Account of this Affair from the Begin-
ning to tiie End, is but one continued Lye ; he fays, She caufed
him to be buried in no Manner of State., and that which increafed
the Indignity of it more., was., that the Grave was made near David
RizioV, as if fie had deftgned to facrifce the Life of her Husband to
the Ghofl of that filthy Varlet. Now there was an exprefs Art
againft the burying of the Dead ( b), after the Manner of the
Church of Rome, and fhe her felf was allowed but one Prieft (c) :
So that (he was under a Necedlty of burying him privately, or of
difowning the Rites of the Church, whereof flie was a Member.
And as to what he fays o( Riz,ios Burial-place, which in die Ac-
count he gives of his Death, he makes him to be buried in the Hie
next to her Father, and almoft in the Arms of Queen Magdalen
her Father's firft Wife ; But both Queen Mary herfelf, and Bifliop
Lefiy in his Anfwer to Buchanans Detertion, declare that he vi'as
buried in the Porch of the Church ; and the little Kle in the Body
of the Church, to this very Day is vifited by Strangers, upon the
Account of its containing the Bodies of King James the Vth, and
his Queen Magdalen, with the- Lord Darnlys, which fills the
whole Breadth of the Ifle, and acrofs their Feet, lies the Body
of the Countefs of Argyle^ natural Daughter to King fames Vih,
which fills the whole Length of the Vault; and King James Vrh's

two

Vol. Ill The Life of MAK Y, ^eert of Scotland. 187

two liulc Sons, are Iving above tliefe Coffins, and there never was 'J^)^,
any more, nor is there Room for tliem. v^vw

The Queen, after the Burial, retired to the Palace o^ Section, to
pafs the Days of her Mourninfi with her faithful Friend tlic Lord
Seaton, while her Enemies at Edinburgh were not idle ; For the
Clerc^y from their Pulpits, the Mob upon the Streets, and the Ear*
of Lennox by Letters, accufing her ot Slacknefs, in not profecuting
the Murderers : And Lennox in his Letters (rtj, condefcends upon
rhe Earl of BothiveWs being one of them ; and the Queen in her
Anfwcrs to him, declares, that (he will concur with him in profe-
cutin" Bothioell or any other that he fufpeded to have a Hand in
that Murder, with the outmoft Vigour : And to fatisfy him in this,
flic fuinmoned a Parliament to meet, that he might be tried in
open Parliament, as the moft impartial Way of proceeding againft
him : But the Earl of Lennox being impatient, and not doubting
but that he could prove the Murder upon him, wrote another Let-
ter to the Queen, wherein he earneftly prefl'es, tliat he might be
tried by his Peers, before the Time appointed for the Parliament's
fittiiif^ : Upon which the Queen orders him to furrender himfelf
Prifoner in the Caftle oi Edinburgh, in order to his Trial. And TheE.iiof
accordingly he entered himfelf Prifoner about the beginning of feflj";?
^^arck and defiring that he might be brought to a Tryal upon ;^;, m-^«^
the l8th of the fame Month {b). Robert Cunmnghame, one of the ^,^','=.'^"' •
Barl of Lennox s Domefticks, entered a Protcflation in his Mafler's
Name before the Juftice Court, againft their Proceedings upon that
Day, in regard that his Mafter was necefTarly abfent that Day,
becaufc he had not fufficient Time of acquainting fuch Numbers of
his ValFals to attend him, as the Safety of his Life required, and of
cettin-^ a fufficient Number of Witneffes : Whereupon he took
Inftruments, and the Earl of Argyle Juftice-General, prorogued the
Court at tlie Defire of the Earl ot'Bothwell, to the nth of o^pril
followinfT : Upon whicii Day the Earl of Lennox coming to Edin-
burzk with a numerous Attendance, completely armed (c), the
Queen fcnt him Word either to difmifs or difarm fome of his
Followers, it not being proper that he fhould enter tlie City in
fuch a hoftile Manner ; but he abfolutely refufed to do either of
them • The Trial neverthelcfs went on, and Bothwell was unani-
mouOy acquitted by a very honourable Jury, of all Sufpicion, as ^ And^" «-
well as A(ftion of Murder, not fo much as one probable Circum- jj^jojo.,..
ftancc bein" adduced againft him : The Jury confiftcd of the fol-
lowing Pcrfons, Gtlbert Earl of Cajjils Chancellor, George Earl of
Cdthnefs, Andrew Y.Sidot Rot het. John Lord Hamilton, Comm.en-
dator of Akrbrothick. Laurence Lord Oliphant, John Lord Herrts,
Jarnes Lord Rofs, Robert Lord Semple, Robert Lord Bo^d, John
Mafter of Forbes, witli the Lairds of Lochtnvar, Barnbeugal, Boyn,
Lanvtoun and Cambufnetham.

•^ C c c c 1 The

) Vd. M. Cr.^rord-.O.II.aion.. (i) Mr. Ha* Oh. 0« ■•dw. . •»< Ml. Cr.W«.ia'lM«»». Pig. I<. (0 C»«. ilk. 1^

Z88 The Ltfe of MAKY, gneen of Scotland. Vol. ill.

'i^'^ The Parliament having met at Edinburgh upon the 19th of
»-^^ ^prily tliey likewifc votea him Innocent ot all tliat was laid to his
p..ii.mcnt.'ciiar;;c 5 and Murray and Morton having gain'd a great many of

the Nobility to the Project- of the Queen's Marriage with Bolhcvell,
after the Parliament rofe, he invited fcverals of them to Sup with
him at one ^injlys a Vintner in Edinburgh; where, after he had
oiven them a (plendid Entertainment, they drew up and fubfcribcd
a Bond, wherein they reprefent to her Majcfty the Dangers of a
fuii^le Life ^ and that if fhe would be pleafed to marry the Earl of
i.iY fnihcite 'Soz/jfyf//, they promife for themfelves, and all their Followers, that
Ioma!^'ih" they would alllfl, maintain and defend them againfl all their Ene-
t.rjofB,/i. ^.^'^ with their Lives and Fortunes to the utmofl : And if they fail
in this, they dcfireto be held in Repute, as having no Honour or
Honefty in them, and in all Times hereafter to be accounted as
unworthy and f aithlcfs Traitors. This Bond is to be fccn in the Cotton
Library at London, fubfcribcd by the Earls of o^array, ^rgyle^
Hnntly, Caff lis, Morton, Sutherland, Rothes, Glencairn, Caithnefs :
The Lords, Boyd, Seaton, Sinclair, Semple, Oliphant, OgHvte, Rojs,
Halket, Carl.fie, Herns, Home and Jndermeith.

Bothweli having obtained this Bond, raifes Soo Horfc, under a
•ho uk«. Pretence of an Expedition to Liddtfdale , but marching ftreight to-
Pn'ow"'" wards j/;W/«^, where the Queen then was vif icing her Son, at J^lmond
Bridge he met the Queen returning to Edinburgh, and carried her,
the Earl of Huntly, Secretary Lithmgton, and her other Attendants
to the Caflle of Dumbar, wliere he prefented her with the Rcquefl
of the Nobility, under their Hands and Seals, entertained her mofl
courteoufiy with all the preHmg Demands and Submi/Tions of a Lover;
and in the mean Time the Earl o( Murray and his A ifociates carried
on the Divorce in two different Courts : In the one fat by Commif-
fion from the Arch-Bifhop of St. oydndrews {a), Robert Bifhop of
Vunkeld, William Bifhop of Duwblain, Mr. oArchibald Crawford
I'arfon of Egilff^atn^Mr. John Manderjlon Canon of the College Church
of Dumhar, Mr. Alexander Crichton, and Mr. George Cook Canons
of the Church oi Dunkeld: In theotiier, as Judges conflitute by the
Queen's Authority in all Caufcs confiftorial, (at Mr Robert Maitland,
Wr. Edward Henryfon, Mr. Alexander Sim and Mr. Clement Little:
And in both thefc Courts the Sentence of Divorce was pronounced,
but upon different Grounds ; for in the Arch-Bifhop's Court it was
founded upon their Confaneuinity, and in the other upon Adultery.
lOTOiIyhim Yet notwithftanding of all tnis, fhe not only refufed to marry him,
but was highly difpleafed with any that propofedit; and happy had
it been for her, had (he flood in this Rcfolution : But the Earl of
,l^nct^^!h' Murray, whom fhe had always the Misfortune to believe her Friend,
Ihr^.'^ILc" told her, that there was an abfolutc Nece/fity for itj for fhe being
1?.M.^"""' alone, and without Afliftance either from England 01 Irance, fhe
could not protcft her felf againfl any of her rebellious Subjeiffs,
without marrying fome powerful Nobleman amongfl them ; and

fincc

(«] Sfoltwood, Lib. 4. Pag. tei.

(I'ge.

Vol. Iir. The Lift of MARY, §lueen of Scotland. 189

fiiice tlie moft oi the Nobilicy had fworn to ftand by him, if fhe did 2T>0
not comply with rheir Proporal5 he, did not know where it miahc ^-^vs*'
end. But how, fays fhe, can I comply with the jnarrying a Man
that is divorced from his Wife upon ,the Account of Adultery, and
that has been ftaincd with the murdering of mvHujband? How will
Pofterity look upon this Adlioil, and what Contempt will it bring
upon me by all the. Princes in Europe ? And with that fhe fell a
weeping mofl bitterly. But Murray Itill urged the Necefl^ty fhe lay
under, and that as to his bein^ flained with her Husband's Death,
he had cleared himfelf of it to the Satisfaction of the whole Nation.:
And that of his Adultejy was a. nicer Calumny, and fhe need have
no Scruple upon Account of the Divorce,, fince his Lady was lately
dead, {a) tho' another Hiftorian alTures us, that at tliat Time fhe
had married the Earl of SHnderland in England (l>). In one Word
he reprefented Things to her in fuch a difmal View, that he frighted she is hu
the poor Queen into the Marriage : And 'Bothzvcll being created b.^w.".'"'
Duke of Orkney arid Zeatlandy they were married upon the 15th
Day of Qy^da;^ 1 567, in the Palace of Holy-Roqd-Hoitfe, by ^^dam
Bothwell Bifhop of Orkney. If we confider this Acftion of the Qiieeri's
in all its Circumflances, we have not fo much Reafon to tiunk her
fuch a Perfon as her Enemies have reprefented her upon thisOcca-
fion : For, fays Caujjin (c), Who Jhall contemplate her alone as the
Morning Star in the midfl of Jo many Clouds ivithout ^jftfance, ivith-
out Forces, without Counjel ? Perfecuted by her Brother, outraged by
her rebellious Subjedh, betrayed by the ^l^een of England under the
Colour of good Will : Sought for in <*y^iarriage by Force of Arms by
the Princes of her ozcn Realm ; he fhall find that fie hath done nothing
foolifly, in choofing thofe by Friendfip, which Necejjity did fi^e her
by Force ; and whether there are Times and Revoh-.t ions Jo dangerous
and remedilejs, in which we have no other Pazver left t.'s, but only to
defroy ourjehes.

This Marriage was no fooner accomplifhed, but thefe Noblemen
who had forced her to it, exclaimed againft her for it ; which be-
ing backed with the thundering Exclamations of the factious Clergy
from their Pulpits, the whole Nation was in an Uproaf.

The Earl of (^Mar, who had the Cuftody of the young Prince,
being afraid that the Duke of Orkney might prevail with the Queen
to demand the young Prince from him, and that he might difpatcii
him as he had done his Father, in Cafe the Queen fhould prove TheEiMof
with Child to him, to fecure the Succcftion of his Body to the T\ "11"
Throne, wrote to feverals of the Nobility to meet him at Stirling l''t '*'"»■
that they mightjgive him their Advice in fuch an important Affair j ''''''^ '**
and tlie Earls ofArgyle, Athole, Morton arid Glencairrt, the Lords '""* '""
Lindjay and Boyd having met him at Stirling, they entred into a
Bond of Aifociation for Defence of the young Prince j in the doing
of which, they told her, that they had no Defign againfl her Per-
fon J But when the Queen, by Bothwelts Perfuafion, caus'd draw

D d d d another

(^> VU. BUc*wood, Cb.|>. y. F.g. i»;. (t) {MiUHba'i Lif* of Q^t.o Muj, p.j. 47. (.) Lift at C^iiNn M.r^,

•ft

200 The Ltfe of MARY, §lutth o/" Scotland. Vol. fff.

f^*>^^^ another Bond for the Defence of her Perfon and his, and wlMcti
'^^'V^ was fubfcribed by all the Noblemen and Barons who canne to Court :
The Earl of Murray rcfufed to fubfcribe it, under the fpecious Pre-
text, that all Subjects by their Birth and Duty were bound to defend
her Ma)cfl;y's Perfon : And now finding that this Plot had rucccedcd
to Admiration, and that a Civil War was ready to break forth, that
he mi"ht not feem to have any Hand in it, he begged Liberty from
the Queen to permit him to travel for fometime, which he I)aving
with "rear Ditiiculty obtained, not that fhe was any ways fufpicious
of him, but as one whom fhe greatly trufted for his Advice and
Coun('el, he ported immediately to Englani, and went from tliencc
to France; but before lie went, that he might appear altogether
innocent of the Mifchief that he had contrived, he left the Manage-
ment of his Eftate to the Duke o( Orkney, by which Means he doubted
not to fecure himfelf, in Cafe that the Rebellion that he defigned
to raife, in his Abfence fhould prove unluccefsful.

The Fears of the Court ftill increafing, the Bifhop of T>timblam
JmuZ was fent to France, to acquaint that Court of the State of Affairs in
u ".°5"n: Scotland ; and amongit other Things in his Inftrudf ions, which are
Ihrsut'.'of to be feen in the Cotton Library at London, (he fays, That when
Aff.ir..'" ° SothzveU feized her at e^/wo«^ Bridge, he fhewed her a Bond fub-
fcribed by the Nobility, defiring her to marry him, which mightily
furprized her, never havin" heard any Thing of it before : And
adds, That this was the only Reafon that made her comply with
the Match, otherwife her rebellious Subjeds had dethroned her.
She confirm. The Qiiecn likewife, that (he might ingratiate her felf with the Clergy,
iheVftTbi'm- caufed a Proclamation to be made over the Crofs of Edinburghy
rouftint''" wiicrein Ihe declared, that all Writs obtained from her againrt: tlie
fnd'^inX eftablifhed Religion fliould be null and void; after this^fhe made
cotftlr choice for her Counfellors, the Earls of Crawford, Jrrol, C^tls,
Morton, Rothes, ^tbol, Marifchal, Jrgyle, Caithnefs and Hmtly;
the Lords Boyd, Herris and Oliphant, the Arch-Biihop of St. ^«-
drews, the Bifhop of Galloway, and the Bi(hop of Rojs.

All Things being thus fettled, the Queen being informed that fome
of the Borderers were very unruly, fhe emitted a Proclamation, re-
quirin<y her Subjecfts to attend her to the Borders well armed, and
as it was ufual in thefe Cafes, with 15 Days Provifions : Norton
taking hold of this Opportunity to begin the Rebellion concerted
betwixt him and o^urray, with whom he kept a clofs Correfpon-
dence, caufed a Rumor to be fpread through the Country that fhe
was raifing thefe Forces to take her Son out of the Earl of Mars
Hands : Upon this fhe publifhed another Proclamation, wherein fhe
declared that fhe had no fuch Defign, being very well fatisfied thac
her Son fhould be in the Hands of that noble Earl, and that as fhe
had trufted him to fuch a Governour, as other Princes in former
Times were accuflomed to have, fo her motherly Care for his Safety
and good Education fhould be made apparent to all. But rhey
having no Regard •"q this, were daily gathering together ; upon
^ which

Vol. III. The Ltfe of MARY, ^een o/ Scotland. ^j

wiiicii ftie and the Duke of Orkney retired to Borthvjick Caftlc, but :>>Vr<

All. 15S7.

they being infonned of it, Morton and //owf with all tlie Secrecy
imaginable, raifed what Forces they could get together, and in^Xfi
thought to have furprifed tiiem, and they were very ifcar fucceed- -uM^tl
ing in their Enterprife, the Queen having very narrowly made her S^.I^Uo
Kfcape in Mens Apparel. i^^^^" ^er

The Queen and the Duke having got into tlic Caflle oiDunhar Jl^f"'^"*-
the Rebels marched ftraight towards Edinhnrgh; the Arcli-Bifjiop "
of St. aAndreivs, the Bifhop of Rofs, tiie Abbot of Kilwinning and
the Lord Boyd being then in the City, went to the Ma^iftratcs and
endeavoured to perlwade them, not to admit of the Rebels,' and
to raife the Inhabitants to oppofe them : But all that they could
obtain, was, that they clofed their Gates againft them ; but no \^\7,Z?,'
Refiftance being made; they eafily broke open tlie Gate of Saint "'' "'"'''''^
i^arys Port, and entered the City in Triumph : Upon which the *'°"'in 'h'^'
Queen's Friends retired to the Caftle, where they were feemin^ly f""«' °*
well received by Sir James Balfour the Governour, who in die
mean Time, was under Capitulation for delivering of it up to the
Rebels. The next Day {a) being the nth oi June, die Rebels
publifhed a Proclamation, wherein they declared. That their whole
Intention, was to deliver the Qjieens Majejly out of the Hands of
Both well, who had taken her Prtfoner, and forced her mojl difgrace-
ftdlyto marry him^ and that he being the Author and the mainA£ior
in the Kings Murder, and now raifing Forces to take the young
Prince, and to kill him as he had done his Father ; and fince it ivas
hut jufl that the Glueen pould be Jet at Liberty, and that the [aid
Bothwell and his Accomplices in the King's Murder, fhould be
punijhed according to Law ; they therefore Charge and Command,
that all her ti^ajejlys Subjects within the Kingdom, be in Readme fs
to join them upon three Hours loarning,. and Commands all fuch as
xoill not pin them, to depart out of the Town, under Pain of beinf
reputed as Enemies, and treated as fuch. On the other Hand, iJie
Queen havinj^ got togetlier an Army of about 4000 Men, came
from the Cartlc of Dunbar to Gladfmuir, where fhe caufed them
to be muftered, and a Proclamation to be read to them, wherein
after the narrating of all the Things they had laid to her Charge
flie gives them a true Narrative ot all her Proceedings, and theirs,
as we have reprefented them ; and therefore, fince flie was coii-
ftrained to take Arms in her own Defence, not out of Choice but
Neceflity ; Ihe doubted not of the AHiftance oi her good Subiedfs
or of the Courage and Valour of thefe who were prefeiit, promi-
fing them, in Recompence of tiicir Valour, the Lands and Pofl'dh
{Ions of the Rebels, which fhould be dillributed according to the
Merit of every Man. ^

After this Proclamation was read to the Army, they marched
(Iraiglit towards Edinburgh^ and fhe lodged that Night at Seatori
Tile Rebels at Edinburgh having got Notice about Mid-night, that

Ddddi the

t«) SpulC Lik. «. N|« toy Om^o><> Mwi»ii< P<(t i».

291 17?^ Life of MARY, §lu<en of Scotland. Vol. Iff.

r>^\^ the Queen \v^s marching towards them, they immediately beat
i^v^ Drums, and at Sun rifing, marched towards Mufleltirgh (a), where
they rcfrcflicd themfelves with Store of good Viiftual.s, which they
had brought from £^/wW^/> with them ; about Noon, their Scout?
brought ?hem Word, that the Queen's Army was beginning to
march : Upon this, they immediately formed themfelves into two
Battalions; the flrfl: was commanded by the Earl of Morton and the
Lord Home ; the fecond by the Earls of ^thol, Mar and Glencairn^
who were joined by the Lords Lindjay, Ruthven, Semple and Sanquhar;
the Lairds oi Drumlanrig.TiUibar'dine, Cefsfoord, Grange and other
Perfons of Note, in Number noways inferior to the Queen's Army,
and much fuperior to them in other Ilefpeds, the mod of them
being well fecn "in warlike Excercifes, and well ftored with Wine,
Ale and all other Liquors, that they liad brought alongft with
them (l>) ; wliereas, the Queen's Army for the moft Part, were
undifciplined Men, and ill provided, both as to Meat and Drink ;
fo that having nothing to drink but Water, and the hot Weather
being at that Time excefllve, more than the half of them deferred.
The two The two Armies having met at Carberry Hill, the Queen being
.'t'"cX;' encamped on the Top of the Hill, the Laird of Gr^w^^, with the
"'"■ Laixds of Drumlanrig, Cefsfoord, Coldenknows, and about two hun-
dred Horfe- Men (c), thought to have got betwixt her and the Caftle
of Dunbar, whilft the main Body of their Army were ordered to
march up the Hill, and to give her Battle; but finding that thev
could not well do this, becaufe of the deep Afcent of the Hill,
and the Sun being in their Faces, they marched towards the right
Hand, that they might have the Sun in their Backs, and a plainer
Afcent to the Hill.

The French AmbafTador Mr. la Crotte, feeing them ready to

enf^age, endeavour'd to mediate a Peace betwixt them, and coming

to^Morton, he told him. That he found the Glueen indtned tofpare

the (heddtng of her SubjeSis 'Blood, and ivilling to pardon them, if

they loould Ufen to reafonable Terms. To this Morton replied,

That they had not taken Arms againfl the Queen, but againji the

Murderer of the King (d), whom tffie zvoulddeltver to be punijhed,

or put from her Company, fie would find nothing more defired by them,

kCTV^- and Jl her other Subje(^s, than to continue in their dutiful Obedience

fZh'^Km- towards her, otherwife no Peace could be made. The AmbafTador

'"*'''"• perfifting in his Propofal of their hearing of reafonable Terms,

and of their begging Pardon of her Majefty ; he told him with

great Rudenefs, That they came not to ask Pardon for any Offence

they had committed, but to give Pardon to thofe who bad offended

them : Upon this, the AmbafTador giving over all Hopes of an

Accommodation, retired towards Edinburgh. Morton knowing that

it might be of fatal Confequence to him and his Accomplices, to

have Bothwell delivered up to them, in cafe he (hould make a

Difcovery of his being Art and Part in the Murder ; therefore, he

made

(i) Spot. Lib. 4. P»6« »o«. Ct) M«lrU'i M«m. P.gc 83. (») Sfo«. Lib. 4- P't' »o<' 10 Spot. ibid.

Vol. III. Tl)e Life of MARY, ^een o/^ Scotland. 29 j

made the Alternative of the Queen's banifhing Bothioell her Com- ^^f^^
pany, knowing that fhe would more willingly comply to this, than vAI<«s/
to the dcliven'ng of him up to the Mercy oi the Mob.

The CLueen finding, that if fhe put all to thePIazardof a Battle,
fhe might in all probability be worfted, therefore, fhe fent the Laird
of Ormijlon to dcfirc IVtUiam Ktrkaldy Laird of Grange, to fpcak
to her (a), which being granted, after fhe had vindicate her fclf
from t!ie vile Afperfions they had thrown upon her, and upbraided
tlicm for tlieir Rebellion ; fhe told him. She icould gladly know
what they propofed to themfehes. To this Grange anfwered ; as he
had been niftrucfled by Mortorr, That they zvere her moft faithful^
wofl loyal and dutiful Suh^eiis, they having nothing clfe in their View^
but to defend her jacred Perfon, and to rejcue her out oj the Hands
of the 'Duke 0/ Orkney, zvho had rendered himfelf odious to the com-
mon People, as being Jufpeded to be the Murderer of the King her
Husband; and, that tf jhe would rely entirely upon them, andbanifh
the T)uke from her Company, till a farther Trial ivas made of his
Innocency, he zvould not only for himfelf but for aU the refi, pro?nife
the outmojl Obedience and Submijjton to her, in all that fie could de-
fire. Upon this, fhe defired 'Bothwell to retire to the Caftle of
Dunbar, till what was laid to his Charge fhould be further exami-
ned, and Matters fettled betwixt her and them : And the Laird of
Grange promifed, That none fould be fent in Purfuit after him :
For they were very much afraid as I have faid, that if he were taken
and harfhly dealt with, he might reveal all : So having acquainted
the Lords of the Conditions he had propofed to the Queen, and
of her Willingnefs to accept of them (b), they gave him full
Commiflion to agree with her upon thefe Articles. He rode up
the Hill again fays Sir James Melvil, and faw the Earl of Bothwell
part, and came down again, and aflured the Lords thereof Upon
rwhich they defir'd him to go up the Hill again and receive the
Queen, who met him; and faid Laird o( Grange, I furrender my
felf unto you upon the Conditions you rehearfed to me in the Name of
the Lords. Whereupon fhe gave him her Hand which he kided,
leading her Majefty's Horfe by the Bridle, down the Hill to the
Lords, who having met her, fhe addrelTed herfelf thus to themCf),
J am come to you my Lords, but not out of any Fear I had to my Life, jthc Qu«n-
nor defpairing of Victory, tf Matters had gone to the outtermof, but u/'to'theRe-
becauje I abhor the fheddrng ofChriftan Blood, efpecially that of my ^nd.ti^^"
own SHbje6ls ; 'tis for that Reafon I freely yielded to you, and wiUbe
hereafter ruled by your Counfels, trujling you will ufe me as a Prin-
cefs, and one that luas born your G^ueen.

But the Rebels, inflcad of oblcrving their Articles of Capitulati-
on, immediately feized on her Terfon, and carried her as their ZatTil
I'rifoncr in Triumph tiiat Night alongfl with tiiem to Edinburgh, lli''^J,u-'
being infulted all the Way by the Mob of the Army; and when they ^^^t "'"•
came to Edinburgh, inflead of allowing hof the Ufe of her own

E c e e Palace

(.•J Viile JjUtkwuod Chj|.. le. !>•(• i}q. (4) M*lr. M«m. P.ge Jj. (,) Cr.wf. Mtm. Pijc 57.

"^ The Life 0/ M A R Y, ^een of Scotland. Vol. /'[[."

/>./\^ Palace (as flic cxpcdlcd) they carried her alon^ft the .Streets to he
vSJiv. crazed upon by the People, and the incen(cd Mob, wlio from their
Windows and Forcftairs railed at lier with moft dcfpiteful Lanj^ua'/e,
crying, Burn the Whore, hnrnthe Parrtctde [a) : And havinj^ broir-Jic
her io Craigrmller\ Lodgings, who was then Provofl: oi the Town,
they placed a ftrong Guard upon her, and then left her to her Reft,
without {o much as allowing any of her Maids to wait upon her (h),
all which flic bore with a Patience and Fortitude of Mind becoming
a Chrillian Qiiccn; only as flic was carried alongfl; the Street, flie
could not refrain horn fliedding Abundance of Tears, caufed by the
vile and fcurrilous Pveproaches of the Mob.

The next Morning, when flie looked over her Window, die firrt:
Obietft that prelented to her Sight, was a Banner fully difplaycd and
fixt forgainft her Windows (c), whereon was painred her dead Hul-
band Kiv," Henry, lying under the Shade of a Tree, with the young
Prince upon his Knees, with thefe Words proceeding out of his

Judq^e and Revenge my Cauje, U Lord.
Upon tlie viewing of this flie buift out in Tears, and calling upon
the People that were gazing upon her from the Streets, fhe faid,
Good People, either Jattsfy your Cruelty and Hatred by taking away
my miferable Life, or relieve me from the Hands of Juch inhumane
and perfidiOHS Traitors. This being fpoke, and accompanied witli
all the movin" Circumflances of die brightefl Majef^y that ever the
Sun fliined upo^i, in the greateft Mifery, it was no Wonder that their
Hearts were melted into Companion ; fo running immediately to
Arms, they had certainly fet her at Liberty, had not tlie Rebels
foftned their Tempers, by telling them, that they were going to
convoy her to her Palace of HcJy-Rood-HotiJe, where flie was to have
her Liberty as much as ever : Towards the Evening flie was convoyed
to her Palace, accompanied by the Acclamations of the Mob; but
the Rebel Lords immediately met in Council, to confider what was
further to be done, and it was agreed to amongft them, that flie
fhould be fent Prifoner to the Caftlc of Lochlevin, to remain there
durin<^ her Life, and the Royal Authority fliould be eftabliflied in
shei, ftnt the Perfon of her Son. This bein^ refolved upon, by Times the
fi;; oW°of next Morning, for Fear of the Mob's relieving of her (4 they had
L«w«-». j^gj. mounted on a Work Horfe, clothed in a fordid Habit, for they
had robbedherof all her Clothes and Jewels, and being committed
to the Care of the Lords Ruthven and Lmdfay, flie was fent to Loch-
levin. Mr. T>oHglafs, who by the Mother-fide was a Brother of
Murray s, at firfl: refufed to receive her, being afraid that afterwards
he mi^ht be called in Queftion for it; but they foon fatisfied him,
by giving him a Bond of Warrandice fubfcribed by them all, and
which they promifed to ratifie in the next Parliament.

Yet all this was not done without coming to the Knowledge of
fomeof her Friends, fuch as the Lords iV^/<J«, Tefer Sind Borthwick,

the

(«) IWd. U) BUckwood, PiJ. i'34. CO MeL Mem. P»g. 84. BUckwood, ubi fupri. id) BUckwood, obi fupt^

Vol. III. The Life of MAKY, ^een of Scotland. 295

the Lairds of WiuhtoH, Bafs, OrmiJIon, Wedderhitrrt, Blackadder 'i^^f^;.
and Langton, uho thouglit to have refcucd her by tlic Way ; but '«^V**'
they had got her into the Boat before they could reach tlicm ; and
what added not a little to their Misfortunes, was, that fhe was com-
mitted to the Care of the Earl oi Murrays Mother, who da'ly uP'
braided her with the Story of her Marriage with her Father, and of
her Son's being the lawful Heir of the Crown. To which all that
flic replied was, Tliat he was too honeji a Man, to fay Jo himfelf

If hat an Indignity., fays Caujjin (a) ivas this ? And what a Con-
fiifion in Nature, and the Laws of the World, to behold that excellent
Lady, to whom Grace and Nature hadgi'ven Chains to captivate ^^^
Hearts of the mojl Barbarous., that great Frincejs, whom the Sun d^'^
fee almof to be a 'Glueen as a living Creature ; She that was born ^^
Empire, as Empire feemed to be made for her, to be deprived of he""
Liberty ; to fee herfelf fevered from all Commerce with Mankind, t^
be bani/Jjed to an If and, where nothing but Rocks andfiaves zvereth^
WitncJJes of her Sufferings : Nay, zuhich is ?nore, fhe is now becom^
the Captive of her ovjn Subjcils, and a Servant to her Slaves.

The Qiiecn being now in fafe Cuftody, they could not af^rce Theviiout
amongft themfelvcs what to do witli her; the Earls oi Athol, Mar, KRib"u
Secretary Ltthtngton and the Laird of Grange, who were highly in- IhToTi^
cenfed at her barbarous Treatment {b), and Breach of Faith to her,
were for reftoring her, if the Murderers of the King fhould be puni-
fhcd according to Law, the young Prince's Safety provided for;
Bothweli divorced, and the Proteftant Religion eftablifhed j others
were for banifhing her for ever, either to France or England, Co as
the King of France, or the Queen of £w^/<««^ fhould give their Words
that fhe fliould rcfign the Kingdom, and transfer all her Authority
to her Son, and (uch of the Nobility as they fhould name . others
were for arraigning her publickly ; others for adhering to their former
Refolution of condemning her to perpetual Prifon, and ^crowning
her Son ; others were for flrangling her in her Bed, and for raifing
a Report tiiat fhe had done it her felf 5 others were for the dclayintr
of doing any Thing till fuch Time as the Earl of c^urray fhould
return from France, whom they had fent for. And Lafly, Some
were for executing her publickly : And this, fays Mr. Vdal, was the
Opinion of Knox and Ibmc Miniflers of the Word, who thundred
it out of their Pulpits.

Two Days after tiie Queen's Imprifonment, the Earl of Clcrtcaim TheE.riof
at the Head of a Mob, went to the Chappel of Hcly-Rood-FIoufe,mouni'^%
where they broke down, burnt and deflroycd tlie Altar, and all the cUnX
Ornaments of the Ciiappel : And further, to blind the Mob with
their pretended Zeal in the Purfuit of the King's Murder, all the Houfc-
kccpcrs in tlie City of Edinburgh were ordered to give in an exa(ft
Lilt of all the Perfbns in their Families, with their Ages, Countrie5,
Names and Defignations; and a ftridt Search being made, two ?cr-
lons were fcized and committed, upon Sufpicion of being guilty of

E e c e 1 the

(.»; I it«of U.y«iu M.IJ. (tj UJ.lt L.f. of Qaccn M.ir, P»g. 7;. M*l>iL Nkm. Wj. ty Blickwood, Ptg. ijj.

iy6 Tfje Life of MAR Y. ^jfjeen of ScoilancJ. Vol. ///•

A^^^-'^ the Kin"'s MurJcr 5 tlic one was a French Man (a), called Seh^fliafi

^■^^^^ de Vill^^s, wlio had the good Fo;tunc to make his Efcape . and the

other was one Captain William BUckadder, who was witli great Kx-

B&-(1" Is pedition tried, and condemned by a Jury, wlio were rcfolvcd to find

FoThcK.Ve'l him guilty : Every Body was fond to be prcfent at the Execution, in

dl"«:;.'o"i Hopes of a Difcovery of the whole Matter ; but inrtead of that, after

mL% '.°ud he had begged God Pardon for all his Sins, and for thofc who had

TJ^J unjuaiy (ought after his Death, defiring the Prayers of the People in

his Behalf, he protclled folcmnly before God and his Angels, he was

whollv innocent of that Crime for which he was to fufTcr, and that

he believed the Earls of Murray and Morton were the Authors of

$i, j,„„ About the fame Time Sir James Balfour betrayed his Truft, and
B^-'^^^' delivered up theCaftlc of Edinburgh to the Rebels; and here I can-
oi"rof ' j^Q(. Qp^-iit to take notice of the malicious Contrivance oi Buchanans
v»th'uu». a^ainfl: the Qi-iecn, and which Spotfzvood very gravely after him tells
b.''lT« by us in thefe Words (l^), Hozu foon it was known that the Glueen was
hu<?7;"";,i rnade Prifoner, Both well halving fent one of his Servants to the CafiUy
to be forg.d. ^^ ^^^ . ^ i^^^ig Silver Cabinet which the Glueen had given him, and
wherein he had referred all the Letters Jhehad written to him at any
T/wf, ^:i\'iov\i delivered the Cabinet to'&oi\\\ve\\s Servant, but wit hall
advert i fed the Lords what he carried, and made him to be apprehen-
ded : Theje Letters were a/terzvards divulged in Print, and adieded
to a Libel, intituled. The Detecflion of (Jieen oMary, penned with
creat Bittemejs by Mr. George Buchanan. Now that thefe Letters
were a meer Conrrivance of the Rebels, to blacken the Memory of
this Illuflrious Princefs, will evidently appear from the following
Confiderations.

Firfl, There were fuch Things in them, that none but one of
Buchanans Impudence could have ever laid to her Charge, her
Charader being the very Reverfe of it. idly. The Queen upon
her Honour denied them ever to have been writ by her. :}dly, Lejly
Bifhop of ivo/jherConfefTor, -M^d Lithington her Secretary (c), when
they were produced before Qtiecn E7iz,abeth's Commiflioners at
Tork, offered to fwear upon the Holy Evangels that they were not
of her writing, and none on Earth knew her Hand ('except her felf )
better than they did. ^thly. None of them was addrefled to Both-
vjell, no not fo much as under borrowed Names, nor are any of them
fubfcribed by her. ^thly. They were neither feal'd nor dated, nor
one Word in tiiem all of the trufty Bearer. 6thly, Charles Ker of
i:'or in his Memoirs {d) fays. That a young Lady had confefs'd to a
Friend of his, that (he had at the Solicitation of Murray and Mor-
ton wrote thefe Letters, protefting that whatever was there faid of
her Majefty was falfe; but he was obliged to conceal her Name,,
for Fear that it might coft her her Life. And Blackwood fays, That
there was one of her Maids of Honour that could counterfeit her
Hand fo exadlly, that it could hardly be difcovered. And Lafly,

54^»

(j) Crawf. Mem. Pag. 41. (t) Lib. 4. Pig. io8. CO Vid. Morgan's Phil. Vindication of (i. Miry, (rf) LlnoOcence de U
Royne d'tfcblTe.

Vol. III. rije Life of MARY, Giueen of Scotland. ZfJ

'Dalgleif, who is mentioned by Bnchanan as the Carrier of the Box'^'^^-^
with thcfe Letters, at his Death declar'd, as he fhould anfwer to^^V^"
God, he never carried any fuch Letter, nor received any fuch Ca-
binet. About this Time the King of Franct fentover Monfieur de
Fillcroy, in Quality of his Ambafllidor to the Queen, but the Rebels
would give him no Accefs to her ; upon which he returned imme- Al'b!([To^
diarcly to France, chorion thinking that Bothzvell had certainly c.r;°c''thr
made his Efcape and fled tiie Kingdom, caufed Proclamations to be ?r:":::L
pubhlhed in all the chict Cities of the Kingdom for the aoorphpn '"^'"^t"-

ing ol: the Duke ot Orkney, (ometime Earl of 'Botkvell, as guilty '^'"6 *'**'"
of the late King's Murder, and a Thoufand Pounds was promifed
for a Reward to any one that would bring him to Juftice (a), altho*
that during thefe unprecedented Tranfadions the Queen of England
had been foftering thefe Rebels, and encouraging them in their
Proceedings ; yet fhe had not fent them fuch Sums of Money as
was requifite to carry on their Proje(fl; therefore they feized on the Th.yr.ii.
Plate and Jewels of the Crown, which they converted into current ^'•°'' '"*^
Coin, melting down at one Time 1^6 Pound Weight (^/of Silver, c.owi!''''*
and as for the Jewels, tho' King James recovered fome of thenj
afterwards, yet the greatefl (c) Part of them were loft.

During thefe Tranfadions, Sir Nicholas Throgmorton csime down s'r n„w.,
Ambalfador from the Queen of England, feemingly to endeavour ST/q,
a Reconciliation betwixt the Queen and her rebellious Subiedfs, but fom^:', .nr
under Hand to make the Breach greater ; for in all publick Com- Pw^^Th."**
panies he told how much the Queen his Miflris was offended with SvVabcai.
their Proceedings and birbarous Treatment of their Sovereicrn.and was " " '
always proving from the facred Scriptures the Duty andSubmiflion
of Subjeds to their Sovereigns; but in his private Conferences with
tile Rebels, lie alTured them (d) of his Mil\ris's Protedlion and Af-
fiftance, and advifed them to propofe that fhe fhould demit the
Sovereignty in her Son's Favours, and that if fhe would not willingly
do it, to threaten her to it.

This Propofition was no fooner made, but embraced; for it made
the Rebels, during the Minority of the young Prince, Managers of
all the publick Affairs of the Kingdom : And on the other Hand,
Throgmorton had his Defign ; for as long as there was an Infant
King in Scotland, England was in no Danger from them. The Pro-
pofal being made to the Queen, the£;z^///^ AmbafTador, the Earls
of Athol, Q^ar, Secretary Lithington and Grange fent Sir fames
Melvil (fj to her, ^ who told her. That it was tlieir Opinion that fhe Brti..Ad.
fhould accept of their OfFer, becaufc it miglit be a Mean of obtaining -"'"-'^h?;
her Liberty, after which fhe might revoke it, as being extorted from Z%Z
iier when m Prifon ; but her Majefty could not be induced to follow tuiStn,!.
their Advice -. Whereupon the Lord Lindjay was pitched upon by F.'o'in!""'
Morton to threaten iicr to it ; and certainly he was the moft proper Man T.fuft.'^J
ill the Nation for fuch an OfHce, for Blackwood tells us, That he '^1"'°"^'^
had the Figure and Shape of a Man, and could (peak, l/ut as for am *"" "*
^ F Hi _T%__^

(*) Oiwf. M.m. p.t; 4}- (») IbuJ. p,g. 44. (,) Blickwood, pig. IJ4. (i) ud.li Lif.orCi.M»'r. ?■£• ;t. BUckvral

f.ag. 1}I. (»> M»«n. pij. »}. ' « • I •.•.kiwwsw.

298 The Ltfe of MARY, ^eert of Scotlanch Vol^. Iff.

'^^^^^^ Tljing- elfe, he was jo Jlt4pidly "Brutal, that he differed m nothing from
t^S^ that (iJnirrjaiof ivhom Marcus Vdixojpeaks, that had a Soul ^nen
to hirn in Place of Salt to keep his Carcajs from finking. This fine
accomplifhed Gentleman accofting the Qiicen, without the actii-
flomed Civihties given to Gentlewomen, and much more owing t(y
his native Sovereign, told her, Tl}at Jhe mujl rcfign the Crown to
the young Prince, and confitute her 'Brother the Earl of Murray Re-
aent during his Minority. The Queen with great C:ulmners of Mind
endeavoured to convince him ot the Unrealonablcnds of the Tro-
pofal ; durini; which Time he fhewed his Diffatisfacftion by the Gri-
maces of his'^Face, and the knitting of his Brows ^ at length not
beincT able to mafter his Pailion further, he burfl: forth into rude
Expr^llions, and told her (a), That ifpe would not fign it, he would
ftgn It with her Heart Blood : Upon which the Queen called fortlic
Papers, which fhe fubfcribed, fays Spotficood {b), without reading them,
the Tears running down in Abundance from her Eyes, and the next
Day they were proclaimed over the Crofs of Edinburgh. In the
mean Time there was a great Meeting of the Queen's Friends at
Hamilton, to confult what was proper to be done tor her Relief, the
principal Terfons at this Meeting were the Earls of Argyle, Huntly,
Caithnefs, Rothes, Crawford and Monteith, the Lords Boyd, Drum-
niond, Herris, Cathcart, Tefler, Fleming, Livingfton, Seaton,
Clamis, Ochiltne, Gray, Oliphant, (^Jethvin, Jnnermeath and
Somer'vel, the Arch-Bifliop of St. oAndrews, the Commendators of
yir broth' Kilwinning, Diimfermling, Si.Cobuck, NewbottleandHoly-
Rood-Houfe. ey'klorton having got notice of this Meeting, fent Sir
7ames Melvil to them (c) with Letters, requiring their Advice and
Confent for fettling the Affairs of the Nation, and dieir being Wit-
nelfes to the young Prince's Coronation at Stirling. Thefe Letters
were fubfcribed by the Earls of ^thol. Mar and Morton, Secretary
Lithinzton, the Lairds of TiUibardin, Grange and (bme others.
Arch-Bidiop Spotfivood (ixvsid). That they would neither admit the
MelTen^er, nor receive the Letters; but Sir f-^ww tells us ("f). That
he was very kindly received, and that the Arch-Bifliop defiied him
to return thefe noble Lords their Thanks for their friendly and diC-
creet CommifTion, and they upon good and fufficient Security were
willinfT to meet and confer with themj but fince Co many Lords
and Barons had met together without acquainting them of their
Defigns, it was but reafonable that they fhould look to themfelves:
And when Sir James returned to Stirling with this Anfwer, thev
would do nothing till fuchTime as they confulted die Lord, which
in their Language was the General AfTembly.

The General AfTembly having met at Edinburgh upon the 25t!i
of June, Morton laid the Cafe before them, and they ordered cir-
cular Letters to be fent to all the Lords, who were the Queen's
Friends, requiring them to be prefent at the AlTembly upon the 20th
Day of f«/y, to give their Advice, about the Affairs of the Church

and

(OBUctCh. 11. P.g. 143. (t) Lib. 4. P'B- "?• to Mel. Mem. 1'.6- 86. W) Lib. 4. P.g. io». (.j Ub.fupr..

Vol. III. The Life o/MARY, ^een of Scotland 299

and State, and that all fuch as fliould be Abfent, fhould be eftcemcd ^y^
Promoters of the Kingdom of Satan^ and unworthy of the Fellow- ^^VV
(hip oi Chrift's Church.

The Earl of Murray having got Letters from zMorton and his
AfTociates, to return to Scotland with all Expedition, he went and ^nf"l^^
asked Fermiflion from the King of France, and told him and the&,7/U°
Cardinal of Lorrain and the Duke of Guife the Queen's Uncles
that he would fet the Queen at Liberty, and fettle all Things as
they were formerly ; and this he havin^ iblemnly promifed, and
fworn before God to do, they difmifTed him (a) with many rich
Prefents and Jewels; he was hardly gone from Court, when the
Arch-Bifliop of GUfgow, the Queen's Ambaflador at the Court of
France, came and told tlie King, that he was the Author of all
that had befallen the Queen, and therefore begged that he michc
have an order for flopping him ; which was granted, but he made
fucii quick difpatch, that lie was failed from Diep before the Mef-
fengers could reach him : Having landed in England, he went
ftraight to the Court, where he was very kindly received by Queen
Elizjabeth, with whom he had a long Conference, and a Promife
of paying him pundlually every Year {b) 4000 Pound Sterling, to
be diftributed by him in Penfions for himfelf, and as he pleafed,
to the reft of the Nobility : So having folemnly engaged to ferve
her, againft his Sovereign and his Country, he takes Journey for
Scotland, and was met at Berwick by Sir fames Mehil, who was
fent by tlie Lords of oy^'fortons Fadrion, to acquaint him of all
their Proceedings during his Abfence (c), and that they had made
choice of iiim, during the King's Minority, to be Regent or Gover-
nour of the Realm, and that they hoped he would do nothing in
his Tranfailions with the Queen, without acquainting of them.
This was tlie Subftance of Sir James's Commifhon from Morton
and liis Aflbciares ; and he fays, That tho he feemed to be averfe
to the accepting of the Regency, yet he zvas informed from thofe that
zvere about htm, that he was very well pleafed with the News. On
the other Hand, the Earls of oAthol, c!Mar, Secretary Lithington
and the Laird of Grange, earneftly entreated him to mterceed with
Morton and his Aflbciates, for the poor afflidled Queen, and that /he
might be fet at Liberty ; both thefe Advices he heard, without giv-
ing any pofirivc Anfwer to them. Upon the nth of oAuguJl 15(57,
he came to Edinburgh, where he was received by his Friends with
great Demonftrations of Joy, and within a few Days after, he was
eallly induced to accept of the Regency : His next Care, was to
vifit tlie Queen at Lochlevin, where, if we mav believe Blackwood, H.wfit,,!,.
he treated her moft barbaroufly (d), accufing her before the whole Q-""' '•'
Company, of the Crimes of Adultery and Murder, and in a canting •"<" "i^'iW
Toiic told her, That what Jhe nolo Ju fere d, was but God's fuf ice ^laj!^'^
upon her, for the Sins vjhich Jhe had committed again f him. To
which the afflifted Princcfs replied all in Tears, That Jhe was con-
Ffffi fcious

l)l(rkvoodF«(. 1)1. (t) 61*ck.p<|. i|o. (<) MtU. Mml Pi|. I7. (W) fil*db Ou^ ■ i.

joo The Life of MARY, §}wen of Scotland. Vol. III.

rN>v^> Jcious of her own Jmiocency of dU that zuas laid to her Charge, and
*«'^V*w for luhich fhe took God to Wttnefs, and that it zvas barbarous and
inhumane, to infult over her in her Mijcry, by attacking her Reputa-
tion, than ichich nothing could be more Jarred and dear to her, and
that of all the Men alive, fie Icajl expe(^fed it from him, in zvhom
fhe had put an entire Truf, and obliged as much as lay in her Pozcer,
and zrho could not but be confctous of the Falf^oods he zuas laying to
her Charge, and that fhe doubted not, but that the next Step they
ivould make, zuould be to deprive her of her Life. Madam, lays he,
yis for your Reputation, that is already lojl, and as for your Life,
the rarliamcrn mujl look to that , And (o flung himiclf out of the
Koom, and went immediately to the Boat, and ftraight to Edinburgh,
where, upon tiie iid of v^a<^«/? he was unanimoully chofen Regent
lie, pro- by Q^lorton and his Party, and the fame Afternoon, proclaimed
jlnr" only and lawful Regent to James 6th, by the Grace of God, King
ot Scots, iiis Realm and Leiges.

The firft A(5f ot his Regency, was to podcrshimfclf of the Caflle
f^^^'^nofihe of Edinburgh, which was Surrendered to iiim, upon the Conditions
fiiJmLi*. that liad been fometime before flipulate betwixt the Governour and
tlic Rebels; and which were as follows (a), Firjl, That the Gover-
nour fhould have an ample RemiiTion of all Treafons, particularly,
for being Art and Part as they plirafe it in 'the King's Murder.
idly, Tliat he fhould have the Gift and Donation of the Priory of
Pittcnzueem. ^dly, That an hcrcditable Pcnfion fhould be fettled
upon his Son, out of the Revenue of St aydndrezvs. i\thly, Thac
he fhould immediately receive tlie Summe of 5000 Pound ScotSy
before he marched out of the Caflle.. Whicli being performed,
the Regent upon the 14th o( ^ugufi, took Poffcffion of the Caflle,
and lav that Kight in the Came Room where the Queen had been
not many Months before brouglit to bed , and where that excellent
Princefs had refufcd to imprifon him, at the Requcfls of the Earls
of Huntly, Bothiocll and the Bifliop of Rojs, for treafonable Pra(fli-
ces.

His next Bufinefs was, to amufc tlie People with a pretended

Zeal in the Purfuit of the King's Murder, which he fixed upon the

Earl of Bothzvell and the Queen, and being informed, that Both-

H( ftndi Che we//, was at Sea with a few Ships, that fliU adhered to him as Lord

ct^f/in hiph Admiral oi Scotland,\\c fent his good Friend the Laird oi Grange

The' FMUf in Quefl of him (b), with five large Ships well manned, who com-

*"*^"- ing upon him unlocked for, as he lay in the Creeks of one of the

Orkney Iflands, took the mofl of his Ships, without the Lofs of any

of his own, fave one, called the Unicorn of Leith ; but Bothzvell

himfelf made his Efcape, and held out for fome Days at Sea, and

efpying a Turky VefTcl, he thought to have made Prize of her ;

but it being upon the Coafl of Norzvay, both he and the Turk

were taken by fome Norzvegian Ships as Pirates, and botii of tliem

condemned to Death ; Jbut Bothzvell being difcovered by fome Scoti

Skippers

C") Cnwfoid'* MtmsiM P»6« 4>« CO Spotfwwxl \A. j. p. j. jj.

Vol. III. Tlje Life of MA KX, ^een of Scothnd. joi

Skippers that were then in Norway, he was fent Prifoner to the X)?^
Km^o( T>er.mark who confined him to the Caftle of Miling, where "-^v^
he died a great Tenicent. , . . ^ , , ,

Our Hiftorians fay, That when Murray \vas informed that the g,,^^,,^,
Kin2 of Denmark had him in Cuftody, he fent Commiflioners to ^;Ja",f
Denmark ; requiring, That he might be fent to Scotland, to be tried
and punijhed according to Jujlicejor the late Kings Murder : But
tlie King of Z)f«wrtric returned him this Anfwer (j), That he knew
of no ytuthority that he had in Scotland, to demand, examine or
condemn any Man ; and that if their King was murdered, it was the
Bufinefs of his Royal Confort the Qjieen, to look to that. But what-
ever Truth be in this, it's certain that Bothwell died not long after.
He was one of the handfoniefl: Men of his Time {b), well fliaped,
and of great perfonal Valour; for which, whilft he was very young,
he was chofcn General of the Forces of the Reformers, and alwife
very Loyal, and reprefenting an ancient and powerful Family ; he
made ufe of iiis Power, in doing very confiderable Services to the
Crown ; his Enemies reprefent nim towards the latter End of his
Years, as of a cowardly and daftardly Temper, and give an Jnftance
of it, in refufing to fight my Lord Lindfay, the Laird of TiUibar-
dine and his Brother at Carberry Hill, in Vindication of his Honour:
But in this they wrong him, for it was by tlie exprefs Order of the
Queen, that he declined from the Combat. It cannot be denied,
but that he led a rakifh and debauched Life, and blinded with
Love and Ambition, he was tempted to be acceflbrv to a Murder,
which at once gave him the Enjoyment of the moft beautiful Lady
in Europe, and if not the full Poffeffion of Empire and a Royal
Diadem, yet at leaft a Participation in it, with the darling Profpe(5t
of a Poflibility, that thofe who fhould fpring from his Loyns, might
(bme Time or other be PolTeflbrs of the Throne : But when God
had blafled his Hopes, and when he was making his Approaches to
Eternity, before the Duke of Berries (c), Governour of the Cafllc
of Mehing, where he expired, GuiUa Brome, Governour of the
Caftle of Altenburry, Pierrie Br aw, Governour of the Caftle of
Nejfuel, Monfieur Gmlliam Strance, Governour to the Caftle of
.Sente/I)a, the Bifhop of Schonen, and four Bailliffs of the Town, he
declared, That the Gluten never gave her Confent to the Kings
T)tath, nor was privy thereto, as he Jhoutd anfwer to the eternal
God : And when he was asked who were the Contrivers of it } he
anfwctcd, Murray the Bafiard was the firfi Contriver of it, Morton
laid the Tlot, and I accompli [hed ft , for which he begged God's Tar-
don, and expired. Not long after tliis, the King ot Denmark ad-
vertifcd the moft of the Princes of Europe of his Confcfllon, and
particularly Q^uecn EUZjabeth ; and the Declaration fubfcribed bjr
tliefc who were prefent, is ftill extant, and is to be fccn in St. James f
Library at London.

Gggg Cf-^^l^

... — — — « _^ — _^

(«> CHwl..Mtia. V. )]• ^Hbutf. !>. (<) VU. Mr. Uaault. Obtcn. upon Bucb. <!• ik/cua«r4

202, The Life o/MARY, ^een 0/ Scotland. Vol. III.

rvy'^^^ Cran^e at his Return, had the Caftlc ot Edml^urgh conimlttcj

^^\^ to ills Cliargc, as the Reward of his Service : Tlie Lords who were

convcencd at Hamilton., perceiving how Matters went, and that

Q^urray the Regent carried all bctore liim, they wrote to liim (a),

rf the/' 'and to the Lords that were his Aflbciatcs, dcfuing a Conference,

Jv-''"nt'''Vo and otfcrcd to fend the Earl of ^r^le and fomc others with liim,

K.ng-.r^'nd to any Place they would be pleafed to appoint : But bccaufe the

["he'' ^Tiing Letter was only backed for the Earl of Murray and not to the Re-

ment.''"^""»-'nr, tlic Couucil would not receive it, and didiiid'ed the MefTen-

gcr without any Anfwer ; whereupon tlie Earl of ylrgyle, the Lord

'£oyd and the Abbot of Kilwinning, were fcnt to Edmburgh to confer

with tlicm ; and the Council hav'ng declared, that tlie Eledion of

the Regent was not made upon any Contempt or Mif-rcgard of the

Noblemen that were abfcnt, but upon Weccllity to keep the Realm

in Order ; it was agreed betwixt them, that a Parliament (hould be

called, for fettling of all Affairs, with Confent of the tluec Eftates,

and that the fame fhould be kept at Edinbur^rh upon the 15th Day

of December next : In the mean Time, a l^ond was fcnt through

the Country, to be fublcribed by all Noblemen, Barons and Frec-

M.n ofthe 'loltlers ; intimating, That the §lt(ecn being weaned of the Govern'

^ n'Vub* ''^^"^ ^^^-f willtng to demit the fame, tn Favours of her Son j and

fcribT.Bcnd requiring all Terfons zvhatfoever, to own him as their lawful and

the King V" undoubted Sovereign, and that all thofe who Jhould not fubfcribe the

S'"-^"" f^id Bond betwixt the Z$th 0/ July and the i^th Day of December,

JJjoiild be declared Traitors, and their Eftates forfeited.

The Qticen was induced to concur with them in this, thinking
diat it mic;ht obtain her Liberty ; upon which a great many of her
Friends did fubfcribe it at her Defire ; others minding their own
Cafe (^), and to prcferve themfelves and Friends from a mercilefs
Enemy, put their Hands to it, yet there were fome who remain'd
flill at Hamilton who would not comply, and their Eftates and
Moveables were forfeited, and confilcated to the Regent's Ufe.
This Bond was . publifhcd from the Original, in the College of
Clafgow, by Sir James T>alrymple of Killoch {c).

Tlie Parliament having met upon the 19th Day of Decembery
the Qticcn's Friends found, that her Enemies were much more
numerous than they were j for by a great Majority, they voted, that
ThtCL^een-iflie fhould be confined to Lochlevin, during her whole Life; where-
fprotett"- upon the Earls of Huntly and Argyle, the Lords Inermeath, Borth-
I'.'.'iilmept. ^^ek and feveral others, entered a Proteft againft them, and leav-
r'Bond"for ^"S ^lie Parliament, went ftraight to Hamilton ; where they fubfcri-
her Defence, bcd the followiug Bond ot Aflociation {d).

" Forafmuch as, confiderihg the Queen's Majcfty our Sovereign
" to be detained at prefent in Lochlevin in Captivity, wherefore the
" moft Part of her Majefty's Liedges cannot have free Accefs to her
" Highnefs, and feeing it oecomes us of our Duty to feck her Liberty

and

(«1 Ct.wf . »nd Mel, Memi (i) Cf»wf. Mem. p. .j8. (.) At BUinb*. in 4tO, with olbci AuUicocick Wiiu «od Keeof d»*
(•0 Mel. Mem. Pig. 88. Cnwf. Men. Pag. ii.

Vol. III. The Life 0/ MARY, ^een of Scotland. 30^

" and Freedom ; We Earls, Lords and Barons underrubfcribin^, jj^)^.
" promife faithfully to ufe the outmoft of our Endeavours, by all '^sA^
" reafonable Means, to procure her Majefty's Freedom and Liberty
" upon fuch honourable Conditions, as mayftand with her Majefty's
" Honour, the Common Weall of the whole Realm, and Security
** of the whole Nobility, who at prefent have herMajefty in keeping,
" whereby this our native Realm may be governed, ruled and guided
" by her Majefty and her Nobility for the common Quietnefs, the
*' Adminiftration of Juftice and Weall of the Country ; and in Cafe
" the Noblemen who have at prefent her Majeftv irt their Hands,
" refufc to fee her at Liberty upon fuch reafonable Conditions as
" faid is, in that Cafe we /hall employ our felves, our Kindred,
" Friends, Servants and Partakers, our Bodies and Lives to fet her
" Highnefsat Liberty, as faid is : And alfo to concur to the Punifh-
" ment of the Murderers of the King her Majefty's Husband, and
" for fure Prefervation of the Perfon of the Prince, as we ftiallanfwer
" to God, and on our own Honours and Credit; and to that Eflfeifb
" fliall concur every one with another to our outmoft Power ; and
*' if any fhall fet upon us, or any of usforthedoing asaforefaid, in
:*' that Cafe we promife faitiifully to efpoufe one another's Intereft
*' under Pain of Perjury and Infamy, as we fhall anfwer to God. In
** Witnefs whereof, we have fubfcribed thcfe Prefents at Hamilton
" the 2,5th of ©fff^w^fr 1567. St. Andrews, Argyle, Htintly, yir-
" broth, Galloway, Rojs, Beming, Herris, Skirling, Kilwinning and
" Sir Wtliiam Hamilton of Sanquhar: This gave fome Uneafinefs to
the Regent, tho' he would not feem to take notice of it ; but under
Pretence of fupprcfting fome Thieves upon the Borders, he ifllied
out immediately a Proclamation, commanding all the Subjects to
attend him in Arms; and that it might feem indeed the real Caufe,
he went to Clajgow with his Army, where, by his Sentences, he gave
the World a fufficient Specimen of the Cruelty of his Difpofition.

In the Beginning of the Month of January 1 558, John Hepburn, some or
John Bolton, John Hay younger of Tallozo, Mr. Powrie, Mr. Paris s^l^^t',
and Mr. 'Dalglie/h, all Servants to the Earl ofBothweli, whom Grange forVhcKTng*
had taken Prifoners at t\\eOrknies, and who were all tried and found Sm"**-
guilty by their own Confeftions of tlie King's Murder {a), the Sub- ',Zlfi^-
ftance of which was, That they were enticed to that wicked Fa(5t by
their Mafter, who had aftured them that the moft of the Nobility
were concerned in it, and that he had fliewed them a Contract
fubfcribed by cy^urray and (Norton to that EfFe(fl : And this they
attefted upon the publick Scaffold, and went to Death with, as they
fhould anfwer to the Eternal God ; as it appears from their Con-
fellions in Mr. Crawford's Colle(flions in tlic Lawyers Library at
Edinburgh. Yet fo blinded were the Mob with the fecming Zeal
and Godlincfs of thefe two Earls, that they would not believe that
they had any Hand in it : Yea fo confident was Murray turned of
his Power and Favour with the People, that his Followers and De-

G g g g 1 pendents

(oj Vtd. (putf. Lib. ). t><(. >I4. BUckwood, Clup. la.

re
Duib

304 The Life of MARY, §l(<cen of Scotland. Vol. III.

jy^ pendents talked publickly that his Mother iiad been married to King
^•^^/"^ "jawes Vtli, and that he could produce authentick Documents for
it; which opened the Eves of agreat many of the Nobility and Barons
wliomhehad hitherto led blindfold, and plainly difcovered to them
what his Dcdgn was, which they fefolved to oppofe with the firft
Opportunity that Ihould offer, which happened fhortly after, by the
J.k',h"r" Queen's makin" her Efcape from Z;Oc^/(ri;;», which Ihe accomplifhcd

ffc.pt from 7* "-^

L«H.v/i«. thus :

The Queen finding that George 1)ot4gbfsy Brother to die Gover-
nor of Lochlcvin had an excefTive Love for Money, (he propofed to
him, that if he could find out a Way how fhe might make hcrEfcape,
fhc would nobly reward him, and give him what Preferment he
plcafed to ask (a) : For fuch a Piece of Service done to her could
not be fufticiently recompenced j and in the mean Time fhe made
a Compliment to him of the bcfl Part of the Jewels and Gold fhe
had about her. This being a mighty Bait to a covetous and ambi-
tious Youth, he immediately accepted of the Offer : And having
laid down tlic whole Plot, and Manner how fhc fhould make her
Efcape, fhe wrote Letters acquainting her Friends of it, which Mr.
Dou^lafs delivered to Mr. Beaton, a Gentleman whom fhe put entire
TruU in, and who moft faithfully delivered them, with their Anfwers.
The Day that was agreed to being Sunday Evening, tlie fecond of
Ma), becaufe tiien tiic People were generally within Doors at their
Devotion, George Lord Seaton, attended by 'James Hamilton of
'Bttckbank, a Son of Orbijlon's, and a few Men well and compleatly
armed, came to the Place appointed, which was a little obfcurc Bay
upon tlie Loch-fide, wiiere they received her with great Joy; and
havinfT immediately mounted her upon Horfc-back, they rode at a
good round Gallop to Niddrie, a Houfe belonging to the Lord
Seaton, where tliey flayed for Come Time to refrefli themfelves ; and
upon the 4.th of May fhe came to Hamilton, where fhe was joyfully
received and welcomed by the Earls of ^r|-yf, Cajjils, EgHnton^nd
Rothes, the Lords Somer'vet, Tejler, Northl/erivick, Living fton, Herris,
Q^axwell, Sanquhar and Rofs, with their friends and Followers, to
the Number of a Thoufand effedlive Men : After her Majefly had
received fomc Refrefhment, the Nobility and Barons met, to deli-
berate upon what they fhould next do ; and it was refolved that fome
She ftnd. of their Number fhould befent to the Earl of Murray, who wasftill
^.TTo'^'rV.i ^t Glafgoiv, to defire him peaceably to refign the Regency, and
""''^m"'-' repone the Queen to her Authority ; but the Anfwer returned to her
fojthcm. by her Commiflioners, who were detained Prifoners, was. That he
would defend the King's Right and his own, againfl all his Enemies
whatfomcver : Upon which immediately Proclamations were emit-
ted by the Queen at Hamilton, and by the Regent at GlaJgoiVy for
raifing all the fencible Men of the Nation to their Afliflance ; and
fuch Multitudes of People conveened on both Sides, that the fr-ench
Ambaffador faid to Sir James Melvil (^), that he never (ftw fo many

Men

t«) O.wf. Mtm. P.g. <4. C») MtUa-i M.ra- P.j. 99,

Vol. III. The Life of MAKY, G^een of Scotland. ""^

Men fo fiiddenly conveened ; neither was the Prefs idle, many Satyrs '>•'^^
being publifhcd by both Parties againft one another, but particularly ^^VV
there waS one Poem that made a great Noife, Entituled, The double
T>€alings of the Rebels in Scotland; wherein the whole Hiftory of
Murray's Life and Villainies were laid open ; but who the Author
was, could not be difcovered. Before this Satyr there is a Dedica-
tion oi four Lines, thus ;

rO<^ TRVTH to the Envious.

If Momus Children feek to know my Name, and where I diveli^
I am Tom Truth, and my Aboad 1 liji not it to tell ;
For wife Men love not' to enquire, who, zvhere, but what is /aid,
oAnd hold themjelws therevjith content, till further Proof be made.

The Satyr it felf is to be found amongft Mr. Crawford\ Colk(5li-

ons;

The French AmbafTador finding that the two Armies were ready
to engage, he endeavoured to mediate a Peace betwixt tliem. This Amb'tnaTr*
Gentleman, wlio was called Monfieur Beaumont (a), arrived this rpt'cTbl!*
Year upon the izd of oApril, and upon the lyth had Audience of Lal^i,'!':;!'
the Regent ; his Bufinefs was to put him in mind of his Promife to
the King his Mafter in fetting the Queen at Liberty ; but a^urray
told him. That he zvas fo far from being able to perform his Promije,
that indeed he could hardly give him a diflin6i Anfwer concerning a
^ufinejs offo much Intricacy and Importance ; that fie being now the
Parliament's Prijoner, there was no Power left in that Affair to him;
nor could he call a new Parliament, fnce they had metfo very lately :
And as for what was urged concerning the Eafinefs of the Matter^
becaufe fome Forts were in his Pojfejjion, it could avail little, this not
being at all a proper Seafon to attempt any Thing in her 'Behalf be-
caujc a much longer Time was abfolutely necejjary to blunt the Rage of
that Malice zvhich the common People had conceived againji her.
This fliifting Anfwer fo difpleafcd the Ambartador, that he never
made any further Application to him : But now thinking to render
him altogether inexcufable to his Mafter, if he retufed to be recon-
ciled to his Sovereign, lie addrelTed him once more, but with the
fame Succefs ; for he would "not yield in the leaft: to any Propofal
that could be made to him.

The Queen and her Friends finding that nothing could prevail,
called a Meeting of the Nobility and Barons that were with her, and
having folemnly declared before them, that her Refignation of the
Government was extorted from her by Force, fhe craved their AHi-
ftance and Advice in the prefcnt Juncfture of Affairs, and it was
unanimoufly agreed to, that fhe (hould take Poffeflion of the Caftle
6f Dumbarton, and remain there, till her North-Country Friends'
fhouldjoin them, and that a Parliament fliould be called toi'efcind
tile illegal Ads of the former, and for laying down fuch Meafures
Hhhh as'

30(5 The Ltfe 0/ MARY, §l»een o/" Scotland Vol. 11/,

A^!^^, asmiehtbeft conduce to her Safety and the young J'rJncc's, and the

^•''V^' eftabliniing ot lafting Peace for the general Security of the Natior* :

In rurfuance of this, the Queen begun her march from Hamilton

The Two I'po" ^'^^ ^5^'^ ^^ ^^^y ' ^"^ ^'^^ Regent having intercept her by the

Armiei.n- Way, at a fiiiall ViUa^c callcd L<7/7|yWf, about (even or eight Miles

trcr>'n"jMie hom Clajgow, a Battle enfued betwixt them upon the 14th [a).

u^u " '" The Regent's Army was above 4000 Men, the right Wing was

commanded by the Earl of Morton, and with him were the Lords

Hume, Semple, Kincart, Clamis, Lindfay, Ochiltrie and Secretary

Lithington : The left Wing was commanded by the Earls of Mary

Glencairn, Monteith and their Followers being with him : The

Harquebuffars were planted in the Village beneath the Hill, and

within the Hedges upon the High- Way, and tiie Laird of Cr^iw^c

had the Night before taken TolVcfllon of the Hill, and fome Cott-

Houfes, fo that all Things confidered, their Camp was fo advan-

tagioufly fituated, that it was next to impollible to defeat tliem.

The Qiiecn's Army were about 6000, the Earl of Argyle com-
manded the main Body of the Army, the Lord Arbroth the van
Guard, the Earl of Cajjils the right Wing, and with him were the
Earls of Rothes and Eglinton ; the Lorn Claud Hamilton the left,
and with him were the Lords Seaton, Herris, Somervel^ Livtngjlon^
Fleming, Boyd and Rofs : Before they joined Battle, both Armies
cannonaded one another, but the Advantage was upon the Repent's
Side, the Queen's Cannoniers being forced to quite their Port ; on
the other Hand, the Qiieen's Cavalry being much fuperior to the
Regent's, they came upon them with a full Gallop, and compelled
them to give Way; but when they entred upon the Foot, thinking
to put them in Diiorder, the Archers upon the Regent's Side fo gall'd
their Horfcs with their Arrows, that they were forced to retire :
Then the main Bodies of both Armies joined, and entred into a hot
Confli(5t for more than the Space of half an Hour. The Fight con-
tinued doubtful, and fo eagerly thev ftrove for the Vidlory, that
they whofe Spears were broken, ftood throwing their Poiniards, Stones,
Piftols, and what came readieft to their Hands in one another's
Faces j at length the Laird of Grange perceiving that the right Wing
of the Regent's van Guard was like to be put to the Flight, he came
with a frefh Body of Men to their Afliftance, accompanied with the
Lord Lindfay and others, where, after a hot Difpute, the Queen's
Army at length gave Way, and were put to the Flight.

In this Battle, the Number of the llain was but very inconfide-
lable, not exceeding liO upon both Sides : But the Regent having
purfued his Vi(5lory for feveral Miles, more were killed in the
Purfuit than in the Battle, and a great many Prifoners were taken ;
amongft whom were the Lords Seaton, the Sheriff of Air and Lir-
lithgow, Sir James Hamilton oi Crawford- John, Sir James Hamilton
of Avendal, Alexander Hamilton of Jnnerweek, James Hamilton
of Carren, James Hamilton of Kinkavil^ James Hamilton of

iBothioel-

(«) Spolf. Lib. s. P*e. i>(. Md. Mcffl. Fig.j}. Cnwf. Mtm. Pag. 68. fiUck. Pag. 171.

Vol. III. The Life 0/MAR.Y, ^een 0/ Scotland. 307

Tothwcl-Haugk oAlexander 'Baillie of Little-Gilt, the Lairds of j;^)^^
Lauchope, IVachton, Lochinvar and James Heriot of Traebrowrt. ^A)^

The Earl of Hmtly and the Lord Ogthy were coming up to her
Afllftance, but hearing of the Defeat, the^ returned again to the
North : The Queen who flood a Mile ot from the Battle, upon
the Top of an Hill, perceiving it loft, fled towards Gdlloz'jay j and
the next Day (a), fhe having refolved to fly into England for Pro-
tedlion, the Lord Herris wrote a Letter to the Deputy-Govcrnour
ofCarliJle, to know if he would receive her kindly ; and in his
Return to tlie Lord Herris he tells liim, That he could do nothing
hecaufe the Governor my Lord Scroop was at London, l?ut that he
Jhould write to him to know G^jteen ElizabethV Mtnd in that yiffair.
In the mean Time the Queen having come to the Abbay of ""Dtm-
dranan (li), fhe called together fuch of her Friends as had accom-
panied her, to take their Advice in what fhe fhould do next ; fome
were for her going into fome flrong Caftle, where fhe might flay
till her Friends raifed a new Army for her Service ; others were for
her taking a Ship and going ftreightto France ; and others were for
her lurking quietly in the Country amongfl her Friends, till they
fhould get a fuflicient Army to proted her. After fhe had heard all
their Opinions, fhe told them, Tliat if fhe fhould betake herfelf to
any flrong Fort, they would immediately befiege her, and fhe had
been too long under Confinement ; that to go in a fingle Ship to
France was difgracefulj as if fhe were a Fugitive : And diat as for the
lurking among them, that could not but be attended with a thou- Th.Qu
fand Difl[iculties. So, fays fhe, I will throw my felf into tlie Arms nf"S,
of my Sifter the Queen of England; and that you may not think lolhi^'ftlf
that this is a rafti Refolution in me, I have here a Diamond Ring, EJ^^i^'
which fhe fent me as a Token of her Friendfhip, and by her Letters Ff«"fiio»-
fhe has afTured me, that if my rebellious Subjc(fts fhould prove too
powerful for me, as they have now done, if I would be pleafed to
fhelter my felf in her Dominions, upon the fending her this Ring,
fhe would meet me her felf in Perfon upon the Borders, and affift:
me with all her Power : But fuppofing tliat fhe fhould not ftand to
her own Hand Writ and Promifes, and that ftie ftiould favour my
fcditious and rebellious Subjedls, which is below her Charadler and
Honour to do, yet it is not to be thought that fhe will violate the
Laws of Hofpitality, by delivering me up to them : No furely, if
fhe grant me not her Protedion, fhe will not deny me a fafe Paflage
through her Dominions to my Friends in France. To this the old
Arch-Bifhop of St. jindrews made the following Reply.

" Madam, From tlie Hiftory of your Predeceftbrs, you may learn The am..
" how dangerous a Thing it is to truft to the Englijh, our old inve- 5i,'J'r^°7i*
« cerate Enemies j for (^\ialcom IV. of tliat Name being invited by \^*^^ »<»
" King Henry II. of England, under a Pretence of paying Homage "' '''
" for the Northern Counties, was moft unjuftly detained Prifoner,
" and obliged to go with him to France^ tho* be had a fafe Condud

H h h h 1 "■ under

(<) Ml. C«wt. Mi. UilL (t) BlKkwood, r>(. i;). Ch•^ li.

ucen

308 The Life of MA KY, Glneen of Scotland. Vol. \\\.

A^,^ " under King Henrys Hand for going and returning at his own
'•^^'^y*^ »' rieafure. His Brother King WiUtam by the fame Km^ Henry W2is
" mofl barbaroufly treated, and kept in Trifon for ten Years. King
" James 1. in Time of Peace, going to /r^Wf to efcape the Cruelty
" of his Uncle, and being driven upon the Coufl of England by
" Strefs of Weather, was detained Pri(bnerfor 1 8 Years, and obliged
*'to repay his Ranfoni, contrary to the Laws of Hofpicality, and
*' the Law of Nations. ^Alexander Duke of y^ll^any, Brother to
" King 7(iwes III. returning from Gnelderland^ where he had gone to
" fee the Duke his Grand-father, was taken at Sea by the Englifh,
*' and detained Prifoner, without the leaft Shadow of a Reafon. Be-
" fides, Madam, you know, that the Queen of England bears you
" no good Will) for flic thought to have taken you Prifoner when
" you'came from France, and ever fince fhe has been encouraging
" your rebellious Subjedsagainfl; you". And at length, falling d^own
upon his Knees, he intreated her with Tears in his EyQ^, to remain
amongfl: them. But fhe was fo afraid of falling into the Hands of
the Rebels, from whom fKe expecfled no Mercv, that no Arguments
could prevail with her, fo taking a fmall VefTel at Kirkculright, at-
tended by the Lord Herrts and the Lord Fleming, and about lO-
Perfons more, they fet to Sea, and landed at Wtrktngton in Cumber^
sheret!,., land, wot h\ from Carltfe, fhe endeavoured to conceal her felf at
'°J'cl"'t\ firft, till Mr. Beaton fhould return from Queen Eltz^aheth, to whom
E.^&°^fhe had fent him with the Ring, requiring her Ptotedtion, accor-
Pfotcaiuu. jjj^g J.Q i^g,. promife, and the following Letter which fhe wrote in
French with her own Hand, the vcrry lame Night fhe landed (c).

^'he "\7" O V are not ignorant, my 'very good Sifler, how fome of my
°^ JL Stibjedfs, whom J have raifed to the htghefi Pitch of Hononry
confpired to imprifon 7ne and my Husband, andhow at your Jntercejjion,
J neverthelefs received them again into Favour, after they had by
Force of Arms been driven out of my Kingdom, jtt thefe very Men
Iroke violently into my Chamber, cruelly murdered my Servant before
my Face, tho I luas then big with Child, and forcibly detained me in
their Cuflody, I neverthelefs pardoned them a fecond Time, but behold
they pretended a new Crime againfl me, which they ploted themfelvefy
And figned with their own Hands, and were now ready with an Army
in the Field to charge me ; truflinz however to my Innocence, and de-
firous to prevent the Jhedding of Chrtfian "Blood, J willingly put my
felf into their Hands, upon which they immediately thruji me into Pri-
fan, removed all my Servants from me, excepting one or two waiting
Maids -^ my Thyjician, and my Cook; conf rained me by Threats, and
Terror of Death to refign my Kingdom; and in an Ajfembly of the
Eflates convocated by their own oAuthority, refufed to hear me or my
Advocates, dijpoiled me of my Goods, and barred me from all Confe-
rence with any Man j afterwards by God's Guidance, J efcaped out of

Prijon,

net firft
Letter to the
Queen
inglAiii,

(<)i Vid. Crtwf. Col. *Ad hii Mem. Pig« ii%, Ctrndco'i £lix. 109.

Vol. Iir. T7;g Life of MARY, ^een. of 5corland

rrifon, and hein^ guarded by the Flower of the Nobility, who gladly ^^^
fockcd unto rhe from all Parts, J put my Enemies in mi fid of their vrvi^
'Duty and Allegionce \ I offered them Pardon, and proposed that both
Parties might be heard tn an ^jjembly of the Eftates, that the Com-
mon-Wealth might be no longer dtfiraded with Civil Combuftions •
Tzvo c^ejfengers I fent about this chatter, both of them they cafi
in Prifon ; thofe zuho aided me they proclaimed Traitors, and com-
manded them by publick Proclamation prefently to leave me : I prayed
them, that the Lord Boyd might, upon publick faith and Ajjurance,
treat with them about compofng Matters, but this alfo they flatly
denied ; yet I hoped, that by your Mediation they might have been
recalled to their Duty : But when I Jaw that ] mufl have undergone
either 'Death, or a new Imprijonment, I refolved to go to Dumhauon.
They in the Way oppofed themjelves againfl me, killed and put my
Army to fight in 'Battle. I betook my f elf to my Lord Herris, with
whom I am come intd your Ktngdon, trufting ajjuredly in your fngular
Kindnefs^ that you will aft fl me, and ixcite others by your Example.
I do therefore ear ne fly tntreatyou, that I may be forthzoith conducted
Unto you, who am noiv in viry great Straits. I f)all more fully in-
form you, when it fia/l pleafe you io take Pity upon me. God grant
unto you a long and fafe Life, and to me Patience and Confolation,
which I hope and pray that I may obtain of him by your Means.

MARY R.

In the mean Time, as I have faid, fhe endeavoured to conceal her
felf, but fhe found it altogether impra(5licable ; for the Gentry came
in Throngs from all the Parts of the Gountry to fee her, and wait
upon her ; upon which fhe refolved to r6move to Carlife, where
fhe was very honourably received by the Deputy Governor : And
Queen Eliz^abeth was no fooner advertifed of it, but fhe wrote to
himtofhew her all Manner of Civilitv, but withall, to keep her in
Cuflody as a Prifoner at large j and likewife ordered him to write to
the Lady Scroop (a), the Duke of Nerthfolk's Sifler, then in the North,
to repair with luch Ladies as fhe fhould think proper to take alongfl
With her, to wait upon the Scots Queen, and the very fame Day fhe
ordered the Lord Scroop the Governor of Carlife, and Sir Francis
Knolls to pofl there flreighc, to aflure her of her Love and Friend-
fhip : The poor Queen noways doubting but all this fecming Kind-'
nefs was fincertly meant, difpatched my Lord Flerris and the Lord il'd"}!.*^'
Fleming \f]\\\\ the Return of her Thanks to her Sifter, and a Letter, n^mmj'io"*
wherein fhe required chat fhe might be brought to London to confer ^X ^*
witli her, and that the Lord Fleming might be allowed to go. over
to France, to acquaint her Fridnds there of her Condition ; both
whicli fhe flatly denied, telling her in her Anfwer, That it was not
Confiflent with her Honour to allow her to come to herPrefence,
till flic had vindicated her felf from the Afperfions that were laid to

I i 1 i her

C«; Sc« clxfc Ullcri In Ml. Otwfoid'i ColUaioai.

310 The Ltfe 0/ MARY, §lueen of Scotland. Vol. lU.

aIT^ her Charge by her Subjedls ; nor was it confiftcnt with her Safety
'"'^^^'^ to allow Tier to call her French Friends to her Adiftancc : Sir Francis
Knolls liaving delivered this Letter to her, ftie could not forbear
crying out {a\ And ddes the §lHeen of England then belic've indeed
that Mary §lueen of Scots is an tU Woman, hecaufe her rekUioHs Stib-
ietls have reprefented her as fuch, to excuje their own Crimes ? To
which Knolls replied, That his Miflris zvas upon all Occafions ready
to approve her felf her Friend, but that the Matters charged agaiifl
her were fuch, that unlefs they were d if proved, fhe could not without
dtfgufling her Subjedfs in England, efpoufe her Caufe ; nor could her
Return to Scotland under juch Afperfions produce a lafling Peace,
ftnce the Generality of People are apt to credit the vjorfl i^Accomt of
the oA^ions oj the Creat, and judge Affairs of the lafl Importance vy
the outfide only. The Queen perceiving now, tho' too late, her
Error, wrote another Letter to the Qiieen, wherein fhe earncftly
begged that fhe would permit her to go over to France, and upon
her Honour, and by all the facred Ties fhe could require of her,
fhe fhould not diflurb her Government j but this was lilcewife refufed
her. On the other Hand, the Earl of Murray wrote to Queen
Eliz>abeth in Vindication of himfelf and his Proceedings. Queen
Eliz^abeth, however, pretended to be very ill fatisfied with Tidiirray
upon this Account, and fent one Middlemore to acquaint Jiini, that
it was dangerous to Princes to fuffer quietly fuch Rebellions in their
neighbouring States, becaufe the Example might incite their own
Subjedls to the like Pradlices ; that for her Part fhe was refolved not
to fee Royal Authority trampled upon by thofe whofe Duty it was
to obey ; and if in Scotland they had forgot their Obedience to their
Sovereign, yet fhe could not but let them know that fhe remembred
what Offices of Friendfhip were due from her to a Queen, and to
her Kinfwoman in Diftrefs; withall afTuring him, that if he did not
come himfelf, or fend fufficient Deputies to anfwer to the Crimes
cbjcdted againfl him and his Confederates, and give Reafons for
what he had done againfl the Queen, fhe would not only reftorc
her to her Liberty, but aflifl her to the outmofl of her Power againfl
all her Enemies. But all this was not done out of any real Defign
that fhe had of ferving the Queen, but to make her felf Umpire or
Judge of the Cafe betwixt her and her Subjecfls.

In the mean Time great Numbers of Queen Marys faithful Sub-
iefls repairing to Carltfle, the Governor being afraid that they might
nave fome Defign of lurprizing both him and the Town, he ac-
quainted Queen EliZjabeth of it {b), who immediately ordered her
/.dTfto*""*" ^° ^^ removed from Carlifle to Bolton, a Houfe belonging to mv
B^/(«* " ^^"^^ Scroop, where fhe arrived upon the i dth Day of July i $6^.
Her Loyal Subjedls being alarmed with this, immediately railed what
Forces they could, refolving to attempt her Relief with the outmofl
."'I/ai™ ^^"^ °^ ^^^^^ Lives, and appointed Glafgow for the Place of their
fM hei Re- Rendezvous : The Earls of Huntly and Crawford, and the Lord
'"' Ogihie

(«) Crawf. Mem. Pag. 84. Crawf. Coll.

cm

own

Vol. III. The Life 0/ MARY, '^eeit 0/ Scotland. 311

Ogilvie (a) raifcd fix thoufand Men, the Earl of ^rgyte three thou- J^)^
fand, and the Earls of Cajjils, Eglinton, the Lord Claud Hamilton^^\^.
and z^ontgomry had another powerful Army with tliem : On the
odier Hand, the Regent raifed all the Forces he could ; but being
much inferior to the Queen's Friends, he wrote a Letter to Queen
Eliz^akth, begging her Affiftance. She no fooner received his Let-
ter, but (he dilpatched a Gentleman to Queen Mary with a Letter,
in which (he tells her, That in iier Opinion, for the Good of her
Subjects and Kingdom, (he ought to prevent a Civil War amongfl
them, and that if (he would command her Friends to lay down their
Arms, (he would oblige Murray and his Army either by Reafon or
Force to return to their Duty to her, as their only lawful Sovereign
and Queen. She fufpeding no Harm or Trick in this Advice, im-^^,,
mediately fent her Commands to her Friends to lay down their '""^' '^i^'
Arms upon their Allegiance, which they obeyed, being afraid, that lh»i* Aral
{he mii^ht meet with lome harfh Treatment if fhe did not comply
witli what the Queen of England propos'd to her, tho' they were
convinced, fhe defigned her Ruin j at the fame Time Queen Eliz^a-
beth wrote Letters to the Regent to disband his Army, and to call a
Parliament, wherein he fhould propofe that an Accufation fhould
be laid in againft her for murdering of her Husband, otherwife fhe
could not be anfwerable to the reft: of the Princes of Europe for
keeping her in Prifon.

The Parliament having met, it was long difputed whether all thofe
that had taken up Arms againft the King, arid not fued for Pardon
and Remifllon (b), fhould be forfeited, or if Sentence fhould be

{;iven a^inft a few only to terrify the reft : Secretary Lithtngton
laving great Power in the Parliament, prevailed with them to punifh
only a few ; but this fatisfied not the Regent, for after the Parlia-
ment rofe, he marched with his Army through the Countries of
Niddejdale^ Annandale^ and the lower Parts of (7ai7oa'rty, and plun-
dered and deftroyed the Lands of the Queen's Friends wherever he
came,, and garifon'd their Houfes with his Soldiers ; neither could
he be prevailed with to defift from accufing the Queen before the
Queen of England^ altho' his Friends told him ("c), Tiiat it was an
unworthy Thing to bring the Queen's Reputation in Queftion before
Strangers, profefTed Enemies to the Nation, who laugh'd at our
Calamities and Divifions, and who by no Law, either Divine or
Human could be conftitute her Judges ; by this Acflion likewife he
could not fhun to incur the Hatred of a great Number of People,
yea of her own Son the King when he fhould come to Age, and who
undoubtedly could not but refent fuch an unworthy Treatment of his
Mother. But, (-Ays Blackwood, nothing could prevail with this curfed
Son of Hagar, tor a Commiffion was ifTued out under the Great Seal
in the King's Name (<^, impowcring himfelf, the Earl of Mortori^
the Bifhop of Orkney, Robert Pitcatrn Abbot of 'Dumfefmltng, tlie

I i i i 1 Lord

^11 The Life of MARY, Glueen of Scotland Vol. Jlir

/u^i^ Lord Lindf^y^ ^^ ^"X ^'^''^^ of them to convccn with th^j Dcputie?

*^^^ of the Qiieen of England at Tork, or any other Place or Places they
fhoiiltl think expedient, there to make plain and ample Declaration"?
to them, for informing his good Siller of rhe true Caufcs, where-
upon divers of the Nobility and good Subjt(fts, during the Time
that the Qiieen his Mother was yet PoflefTor of the Crown, took
Occafion to have their Recourfe to Arms, to. take, detain and feque-
ftrate her Perfon for a Time, with all Caufes, Adtions, Circiimftan-
ces, and other their Proceedings whatfoevcr towards her, or any
other Siibjeds of the Realm, fince that Time to the Day and Date
of the Commidion, or that fhould fall out until the Return of the
faid Commidioncrs, whereby the Juftice of their Caufe, and ho-
nourable Dealing may be manifefled to the World : As likewife to
commune, treat, determine and conclude with his faid Sifter, or
herCommiftioners, having fufficient Authority, upon all Differences,
Caufes or Matters depending betwixt the Subjedts of either Realm,
or for farther Confirmation or Augmentation of any Treaty of Peace
heretofore made and concluded betwixt the Realms, or for con-
tradling or perfecfling any other Treaty or Confederation, as well
for Maintenance of the true Religion publickly profeffed by the
Inhabitants of both the Realms, as for refiftin^ any foreign or in-
teftine Power that might be ftirred up within the fame, to difturb
die prefent Quietnefs that it hath pleafed the Almighty God to grant
unto both the Kingdoms in the Unity of the faid Religion, and for
Increafe of Amity, Peace and Concord betwixt him and his faid
Sifter, their Realms, Dominions, People and Subjefls, and generally
to do and conclude all Things, which by them, or any three of
them ftiould feem convenient and necefl'ary for the Premiftes, or
any Part thereof, promifing to hold firm and ftable, ^c. Dated at
Bdinhurgh the i8th of September 1568.

There were joined as Affiftants to the abovenamed Perfons, Mr.
James <iM-Gill, Mr. Henry Balnaves, two of the Senators of the
College of Juftice, and Mr. George Buchanan Preceptor t^ the
King, Perfons who had acquired greater Reputation by their Know-
ledge and Learning, than by their Religion and Honefty; they
were accompanied likewife by feveral other Perfons of Note, Tome
of which went out of Curiofity, and others to aftift cither the Queen
or the Regent with their beft Advice ; and amongft the reft were
JMr. George Dotigtafs Biftiop of Murray, Mr. Nicolas Elphinftony
the Lairds of PitarroWy Northherwick and Cleefh, Secretary Lith-
ington, and the facflious Mr. Wood, Murray s Secretary^

The Commiftioners chofen by the Queen to appear for her, wer^
John Leflie Bifhop of Rojs, William Lord Livingfton, Robert Lord
'Boydy and the Lord Herris, the Lord Fleming, Gavin Hamilton
Commendator of ICilwiningy the Lairds of Lochinvar, Skirling, Ro-
Jlin and GaurntUly^ (a).

The

(«) McU Mtm. l>*g. 9).

Vol. III. The Life of MARY, Gluten 0/ Scotland. 513

The City ot Tork being the Place tondcfcendcd upon for their ^!f^
Meeting, the Regent arrived there upon the 5th of Oaober (a), "•^^^'
the very fame Day, and much about the fame Hour arrived the
Queen of England's Commirfioners, wiiich were Thomas Howard
Duke of Northfolk, Thomas Ratclijf Earl of Sujjex, and Prelident
o^ t\\Q Norths and Sir Ralph Sadler; all Parties having met, their
Commiilions produced and read, the Duke of Northfolk required
the Regent (/>) to do Homage to the Qiiecn of England, as hold-
ing his Crown in Vaffalage of the Crown ot England; whereat,
fays Sir James c^elvtl. the Regent grew Red, and knew not
what to anfwer ; but Secretary Lithlngton replied, That in reftoring
ai^ain co Scotland i\\z L^ndz oi Hnnttngton, Ctimberland z.nd North-
umberland, and fuch other Lands as Scotland did of old pofleCs in
England, that Homage fhould be made for the faids Lands, but as
for the Grown and Kingdom ot Scotland, they never held oi Eng-
land, and they had been freeer than England had been, who of late
had paid St. Teters Penny, which Scotland had never been brought
to doi then they prefented an Oath to them, by which they re-
quired them to fwear, that they fliould proceed fincerely in thatCon-
krence or Treaty, neither out of Malice or Affeiftion, or any other
worldly Refpcdf, advance any Thing they did not in their Confci-
ences believe co be Truth, or conceal any Thing that might give
Light into the fubjeif Matter of the Debate; but before any of
the Parties took this Oath, the Commi/Tioners for Queen z^ary^
who had the Preference given them, protefted, and defired that it
might be recorded, that altlio' fhe at prefent was pleafed to have
the Difference betwixt her and her rebellious Subje(fts, confidered
and redreded by her deareft Coufin, and Sifter the Queen of Eng-
land, or by the Commiffioners authorized by her, that fhe acknow-
lc2;ed not her felf fubjedt to any Jqdge on Earth, fhe being a free
Pruicefs, and holding her Imperial Crown of God alone.

The Englijh Commiffioners on the other Hand protefted, That
they did neither admit nor allow that Proteftation in any Sort to
the Hurt or Prejudice of that Right, which the Kings of England
have claimed, had, of enjoyed as Superiors over the Realm of
Scotland, which Superiority they protefted fhould belong and ap-
pertain to the Queen tiieir Miftris in the Right of the Crown of
England. Thefe Proteftations being made, both Parties took the
ubovementioncd Oath, and thefe were the Proceedings of the
firrt Day.

The next Day the Commiffioners for Queen Mary gave in the
following Declaration (c), That fames End of Morton, John. Ea.1l
of e^'^r, Alexander Earl of Glencairn, the Lords Hume, Ruth-
-ven, Lindfay, Sernple, Cathcart, Ochiltrie, and others their AfUft-
ants had levied an Army in the Queen's Name againft the King, ra-
king l^er moft noble Perfon, ufed her in moft vile Manner and

Kkkk thruft

(<), 0>wr. M**). Vigt't), M<l. $0. M<Ri. P(|« 94. (<)> Vii. Cnwf. Mfm. Ttft ft. Sfo^ Uk. 5. Pi|t iitt, IJiUb
Ld4«f QuM" M^r. f'l* "**•

214. q^he Ltfe of MARY, ^ecn of Scotland. Vol.111.

f^*"^'^''^ thruft her into Prifon in LochUviny and torcibly broke into
w/V^ htr Mint-lioufc, taking away the printing lions, with all the Silver
and Gold coined and uncoined which was in the Houfc for the
Time, and i^oing to the Caftle of Sttyling^ had made a Taihion to
crown the Prince her Son, being then but i 5 Months old ^ that
James Earl of Murray taking upon him the Name of Kcgcnt, had
udupcd the Royal Authority, and polfcfs'd himfclf of the whole
Forts, Caftlcs, Munition, Jewels and Revenue ot the Kingdom ;
and when it had pleafed God to relieve her out of tliat Prifon,
wherein (he was lo ftraitly detained for the Space of 1 1 Months,
and none of her Friends and rrue Subjcdls once permitted to fee
her, or Ipcak with her, and that fhc had publickly declared by a
folcmn Oath in prcfcncc of divers of the Nobility at Hamilton-^ that;
whatfoever was done by her in Prifon, was extorted by Force,
Threats and Fears of Death, fhe out of that Af1['e(ftion which fhc
carried to her Realm and Subjc(5fs, did appoint the Earls of ArgiUi
Bglinton, Cajfils and Rothes to agree and make a Pacification with
the (aid Regent and his Partakers 5 but they were fo far from ad-
mitting any peaceable Treaty, that they did invade her in her paf-
fing to Dumbarton with the Men ot War which fhe had hired with
her own Money, kill'd divers of her faitliful Sub)e(5fs, led others
away Prifoncrs, and banifhcd I'ome of good Note, for no other
Caufe, but for fcrving faithfully their lawful Princefs ; and fo after
a 2;rcat many Injuries, had forc'd her to fiy into England to rcquefl
tlic Help of Qiiccn EtiZjahetht her deareft Siflcr, and in blood the
nearcft Coufin fhe had in the World, tor rcfloring her to her for-
nicr Effate, and compelling her rebelious Subje(!^s to acknowledge
their due Obedience to her Majefty, which they in her Highnels's
Name did mofl inftantly intreat.

This Declaration being read, they adjourned to the next Day,
which being the 9th of Oilober, the Commiflioners for the Infant
King as they called thcmfclves, gave in the following Declaration,
That King Henry Father ti their Sovereii^n Lord the King now
reigning, Dcing horribly murdered in his Be^, James Hepburn fomc-
times Earl of Bothzuell, who was known to be chief Author thereof,
entered into fuch Credit with the Queen then their Sovereign, that
within two Months after the Murder committed, he attempted 2
Rape ot her Perfon, and carried her to Dunbar Caflle, where he
did keep her a Captive, a certain Space, caufing a Divorce to be
led betwixt him and his lawful Wife, and upon the Conclufion
thereof, did fuddenly accomphfh a pretended Marriage with the
Queen, which infolcnt Proceeding, together with the (hametul Re-
port which pafs'd in all Nations of the King's Murder, as if the
whole Nobility had been alike culpable thereof, fo moved the Hearts
of a good Number of them, that they thought nothing could be
performed more honourable for thcmfclves in the Sight of ali the
World, than by punifhing the faid Earl, who had committed the
Murder to frco tnemfclycs of the vile Report fpred every where

to

Vol. III. The Ltfe 0/ MARY, ^een of Scotland. 31^

to fet the Queen at Liberty from the Bondage of that Traitor, ^;;:^j-^
who had fo prefumptuoufly enterprized the Rape and Marriage of ^-'V^'
her wliofe lawful Husband he could not be, and to preferve the
innocent Perfon of the Kin^ from the Hands of him who had
murdered his Father : For which Purpofe they taking Arms when
the faid Earl came againfl: them with Forces, leading in his Com-
pany the Qiieen to defend his Wickednefs, they offered for fpa-
nng the Blood of innocent Men, to decide the Quarrel in a
fingle Combat, whereof himfelf, by Cartel and Proclamation,
had fundry Times made offer : But after many Shifts, he, in the
End diredtly refufed the fame, and the Queen preferring his Impunity
to her own Honour, that he might have Leifurc to efcape, came wil-
lingly to the Noblemen that were in Arms, and conferred with
tiiem a certain Space; after which they convoyed her to Edinburgh^
informing her or the true Caufes which moved them to that Form
of Dealing, and did humbly intreat her Majefty to fuffer the faid
Earl, and others, the King her Husband's Murderers, to be punifhed
according to the Laws, and the pretended Marriage, in which ftie
was raflily enter'd, to be diffolved, as well for her own Honour, as
for the Safety of her Son, and Quietnefs of die Realm and Subjecfls;
but having received no other Anfwcr, but rigorous Threats againft
the Noblemen,' and fhe a.vouching to be avenged upon all thofe
that had (hown themfelves in that Caufe, they were driven by Ne-
cefTity to fequeftrate her Perfon for a Seafon from the Company of
iBothweU, and the keeping of any Intelligence with him, until Punifh-
ment might be taken of him, as Murderer of the King her Husband ;
in the mean Time flie finding her felf wearied with the Troubles
of Government, and perceiving by Things that had pafs'd before
that Time, betwixt her and the People, neither could fhe well
allow of their DoingSj nor they like of her Forms; upon thefe, and
other Confiderations, fhe voluntarly refigned her Kingdom, and
transferred the fame unto her Son appointing the Earl of c^urray
(who was at that Time abfent forth of the Realm) to be Regent
during her Son's Minority, and in Cafe of the faids Earl's Deccafe,
or not Acceptance of the faid Office, divers other Noblemen whofe
Names are expreffed in the Commiffions figned by her felf, and
fealed with the Seal of the Kingdom : The King hereupon being
duly, rightly and ordetly crown'd and anointed, and the Earl of
Murray, after his Return, lawfully placed and admitted Regent, all
thefe Things were ratified and confirmed by the Three Eftates of
Parliament, moft of thofe who had withdrawn themfelves from his
Authority being prefent, and giving their Confent to the fame.
Ncverthelefs, whenas Matters were thus eftablifhed, and the King's
Autliority univerfally obeyed without Contradi(5lion, certain Perfons
envying the publick Quietnefs, had by their fubtile Pradl:ices, firft
brought the Queen out of Lochlcvtn, and afterwards by open Force,
againfl their promifcd Fidelity, gone about to fubvert the Govern-
ment received, wherein, as they were proceeding, it pleafed God

K k Ic k 1 to.

3i6 The Life of MARY, Glucen of Scotland. Vol. HI.

'^j;;fY68 to difappoinr their Enterprize, and give unto the King, and tliofe
^^"V^ who flood for his Authority, a notable Vidory on the 15th oi May
laft ; wherefore their Defire was, that the King and the Regent
might peaceably rule and govern the Subjeds, according to the
Authority they had received of God, and that the fame might be
confervcd and cftablifhed, againlt the Fa(5tions of turbulent Sub-
jects.

The Comminloncrs for the Queen having feen and perufed this
Declaration, they made a long and particular Reply to all the Ar-
ticles in it ; wherein, after their adhering to their former Protcftati-
on, they lay, That the Pretence of taking Armsagainft the Queen,
hcOLuicBoihzvel was in fuch Favour with her, could not warrant
their Rebellion, fince it never was made known to her Majefly
that he was the Murderer; but to the contrary, Bothiuel being in-
duffed, and fummoned to undergo the Trial of the Law, he was
by the Judcjmcnt of his Peers abiolved, and the fame Abfolution
ratified by Authority of Parliament, where tlie principal Perfonsthat
now accufe iiiin, and who have now withdrawn themiclves from the
Queen's Obedience, were prefent ; and not only confented to his
rur'j,ation, but folicited her to take him to her Husband, as the
mofl worthy to bear Rule of any Other in all the Realm; giving
their Bonds to defend him a^ainft all that fhould purfue him for
the faid Crime, as their Subfcriptions under their own Hands can
tcflifie ; And fo neither before the Marriage with Bothwel, nor
after, did they or any of them ('which hud been the Duty of true
Subjects) fo much as in Word utter their Diflike of it, or adver-
tife her Majcfly of the Sufpicions that were taken of him, until
they had drawn the Keeper of the Caflle of Edinburgh^ and the
Provofl of that City to their Fadion : Then fecretly putting them-
felves in Arms, they fuddenly, under Silence of Night, enviro-
ned the CalUe of Borthwick, where her Majefly remained, and af-
ter flie had efcaped to Dunbar, levied an Army, under pretence
to defend the Queen, wherewith invading her Perfon in the Way
betwixt Dunbar and Edinburgh, they did take her Majefly Captive.
And whereas they allcdge. That her Majefly. preferring the Impu-
nity of Bothwel to her own Honour, made him to be convoyed
fafely away ; the fame was mofl untrue : For they themfelves fenc
the Laird of Grange to her Majefly, deflring her to Caufe Both-
vjcl to pafs out of the Field, as fufpedled of the Kind's Murder,
till the fame might be trr'd, and that fhe would go with them and
follow the Conducfl of the Nobility ; which if fhe would do, they
would honour, ferve and obey her, as their Princefs and Sove-
reign ; Whereunto her Majefly, for the Love /he bore unto her
Subje(5ls, and to avoid the Effufion of Chriflian Blood, did wil-
lingly affcnt : In Verification whereof, the faid Laird of Grange
took the Earl of Bothwel at the fame Time by the Hand, and
willed him co depart, giving his Word, That no Man fhould pur-
fue

:fiy The Life of MARY, ^een 0/ Scotland. Vol. III.

Tue him : So as nothing is more clear, than that he palFcd away 'j^^f^^
by their own Consents j for if they iiad been inclined againft him ^'N^s*
only, would they not have purfued him as long as he was in the
Country ; ^or lie remained a great Space after that in his own
Houfcjand might more eafily be taken there than on the Scas,whcre
tlicv in a coloured Manner did purfue him 5 and if taken, to have
kiU'd him, to prevent any further Inquiry : From whence all
Men of found Judgement might perceive, that they valued not
what became of him • A (o they might advance their own ambitious
Purpofes and Defigns. As to the Charge againft the Queen, of
having uled them with Threats and Menaces. It was anfwered, Sup-
pofing it true, it could not be thought ftrange, confidering their
undutiful Behaviour, and the rude and vile Ufage that her Ma-
jefty fufiered by them ; for when the Earl of Morton^ at her High-
nedes firft coming to them, had reverently, as it became him, faid,
Madam, here is the Place where your Grace fhould be ; and we
will honour and fcrve you, as truly as any of the Nobility
in the Realm, did any oi your Progenitors in former
Times ; ratifying thereby the Promifepiade by the Laird of Grange
in their Names to her Majefty; and that ihe, trufting their Speeches,
had gone with them to Edinbur^., they firft lodged her in a Ci-
tizen's Houle, contrary to their Tromifes, did moft rudely intreat
her, whereupon fhe fent Lithington her Secretary, and made Offer
unto them, That for any Thing wherewith they or any of the Sub-
je(5ts were otHended, fhe was contented that the fame fhould be re-
formed by the Nobility and Eftates of the Realm, her Highnefs
being prefent and permitted to anfwer for herfclf; yet wOuld they
not give the leaft Ear to the Motion ; but in the Night, fecretly,
and againft her will, carried her to Lochleven, and put her in Prifon.
As to that Caufe, of her Majefty 's being wearied with the Toils
of Govemmenc, and that fhe thereupon ^id voluntarly lefign or
abdicat the Kingdom, in Favours of the Prince her Son, and ap-
point the Earl of Murray Regent during his Minority i it was re-
plied. That the Falfhood thereof did many Ways appear j for firft,
her Majefty is neither decayed by Age, nor weakned by Sicknefs,
but (praifed be God) both in Mind and Body, able to difchargc
the moft weighty Aflairs ; and alio the Truth is, that the Earl of
oAthoU, the Lairds pf Ttlltbardin and Ltthmgton, who were of their
Council, fent Sir Robert Mehil to her Majefty, adviflng her to fub-
(cribe the Letter of Refignation, and what elfe ftiould be prefen-
tcd to her, to fave her own Life, and avoid the Death which was
affuredly prepared for her, if ftie would refufc to do the fame : And
at the fame Time,thc fame Gentleman did bring a Letter to her Ma-
jofty, writ by Sir Nicolas T/?ro^worro»,Ambafrador of £;7^/d;7^,reque-
ftmg her Highnefs, for the Reafbns forcfaid.to fct her Hand to what-
foevcr they ^ould defireof her: To whom her Majefty anfwered, That
fhe fhould follow his Counfel ; praying hiin co declare to her dcarcfl

L 1 ll Siftej

2i6 The Ltfe of MARY, Glnetn 0/ Scotland Vol. Hf^

sUf)^, Sifter the Q.uccn of England, how fhd was ufccJ bv her Siibjedt";,
^^^^^ and that the Refignation of tlie Crown, made by Iier, was extor-
ted by Fear ; which her Highnefs doubted not, but the faid Sir
Nicolas performed : Further, it is notorioufly known, that the
Lord Lindfay, at the prelenting of the Letters of Rcfignation to
her Majcfty, did menace to punifh her in a clofer Prilon, if /he
refufed to put her Hand to tlic fame i adding. That in that Cafe,
worfe fhould fhortly follow ; with many vile and opprobrious
Words : And that her Highnefs never looked what was in tlic
Writings piefentcd, but flgned the fame witii many Tears ; pro-
teftin<', That if ever fhe Ihould recover her Liberty, fhe woulcl
difown that which he compelled her to write at that Time, and to
teftify that the find Refignation was made againft her Will, the
Laird of Lochlevin, who was then her Keeper, refufed to fubfcribc
it as a Witnefs, and did obtain a Certificate under her Majefly's
own Hand, declaring, that he refufed to be prefent at the faid
Refi<;nation : Neither can that Refignation by any Perfbn be
thou<'ht good, confidcring that no Portion of the Revenue was re-
feived for her to live upon, neither was her Liberty granted, nor
any Security of her Life given her ; All which weighed in the
Balance of Reafbn, by Men of indifferent Judgement, make
nianifeO, that the alledged DemifTion, fo unlawfully procured, can
never prejudge her Majefty in her Royal Eftate; efpecially confi-
dering that at her Efcape out of the Prifbn, fhe did revoke the
fame, and in Prefence of a great Part of the Nobility at Hamil-
toun, by folemn Oath, declared, That what fhe had done was by
Compuliion, and upon juft Fear of her Life.

Concerning the Coronation of the young Prince, it was urged.
That the fame was moft unorderly done ; becaufe there being in
the Realm above an hundred Earls, Bifhops and Lords, having
Votes in Parliament (of whom the greatefl Part at leaft, ought to
have confented thereto, . it being an A(fl of fuch Confequence)
four Earls, and fix Lords, tiie fame that were prefent at her Ap-
prehenfion, with one Bifhop, and two or three Abbots and Priors,
and fome Lords were only aflifting ; and of the fame Number,
fome did put in a Proteftation, that nothing then done fhould pre-
judge the Queen, or her SuccefFor, by Reafon that fhe was at that
Time a Captive: Nor can any Man think, that if the DemifTion
had been willingly given by her Highnefs, fhe would ever have
nominated the Earl of Q^urray Regent, there being many others
more Lawful, and have the better Right thereto than he, of whom,
fome have been Governours of the Realm in former Times, and
during her Majeflv's Minority had worthily exerced that Place.

To the Ratification in Parliament, it was replied, That the prin-
cipal Perfons amongft the Nobility difFentcd, and put in their Pro-
teftation, both to the Lords of the Articles, and in the open Par-
liament, againft their Proceedings, affirming, That they would

never

Vol. III. The Life of MARY, ^een of Scotland- 7 in

never af;ice to any Thing that might hurt the Queen's Majefty's 'x*'^/^
Perfon, her Crown, and Royal Hftate, further, than her Hiahncfsw^V^
her felf, being at Liberty, would approve. °

Laflly, As to the Pretence of being univerfally obeyed, and of
all Things being juftly adminiftratcd : It was aniwcred,' That both
thcfc were equaly untrue j for a great Part of the Nobility ncvct
acknowlcged another Authority, than that of the Queen's keeping
and holding their Courts in the Queen's iSlame 5 and for the Ad-
miniftration of Affairs, it is apparent, that Wickednefs did never
Reign more, and with Icfs Controlment in the Realm; Murder
Blood-ihcd, with Theft, and Robbery every where aboundincr, Po*
licy deflroycd, Churches thrown down, honourable Familic^ ruin-
ed, and true Men bereft of their Goods, by fatisfying the Souldi-
ers, haired up by them to maintun the Regent's iifurped Authori-
ty ; the like whereof hath not been, feen or heard for many Ages
before 5 in Regard whereof, they in Behalf of the Queen of Scot-
land, their Miltris did earneftly requeft the Support and Afliftance
of the Queen of England, her Coufin 5 for refforing her to her
Crown, and for fuppreifing the Rebels that had attempted againfl
her.

To thefe Reafons, the Queen's Commiffioners thought fit to
add an atteflcd Copy of a Proteftation, made by the Earls'" of Hunt-
ly and oArgjle, immediately after King Henrys Death, the Origi-
nal being then lodged in Queen Eltz^deth's Hand, and which is
as follows, (ai).

FOrafmiich as Murray and others, to cloak their Rehellion aga'mfi
the Qjfeen, whoje ^Authority they arrogate to themfehes, do
openly calumniate her, as guilty of the Murder of her Husband : We
do fublukly protefi and zvitnefs thefe Things following. In the Month
of December i 'j66 when the Gftteen f}aid at Craigmiller, Murray
and L\i\\'\n2S.on acknowledged bCfOre us, that Morton, Lindfay and
Ruthven Jlew David Rizio, to no other intent, than to fa've Murray
who was at that Time to be proscribed ; therefore, that they mi^ht not
feem unthankful, they much defired, that Morton and the reft, who
lived in Exile for the Murder of David, might be brought home again)
hut this they jaid could not be effetied, unlejs the Queen might be di^
iiorced from her Husband, which they promifed tobring to pafs, (0 as
we would give our Ajjent : Afterwards Murray promifed to me Huntly,
that my Inheritance fhould be reflored unto me, and that I fhould he
in eternal Favour with the Exiles, tf J fhould favour the Divorce :
Then went we to Bothwel that he might alfo confent. Lafily, we
came unto the ^fueen ; and Lithington, in the Name of us all, earnefi'
ly tntreated her, that Morton, Lindfay and Ruchven mighf have
their 'Bani/hmcnt remitted ; the Kings Errors and Offences againfi
the Glueen and Realm he aggravated with Juch Sharpntft of Words,

L 1 1 ] I and

C<), Cftwf. Men. P<K« 103,

Au. 1)63.

520 T^)e Life of MAR Y, Qji(crj of 5c,otlaf,ch Vol. Ji(.

an4 fkowcd, that it wdinely concerned the §lf<een and Stale, that there
Ihonld forthwith be a Divorce, forafwuch as Kin^ and ^een could
mt li'^(^ together in Scocknd with Security. She anfcuered, Thct jhe
rather would xuithdraw her [elf for a Time into [ranee, until her
Jhtsbitnd did acknowledge the Errors of his Touth ; for (he would not
that any Thing jhould be done that mi?ht be ffrejudtcial to her Son, or
di /honourable to her felf. Hereto Lithingtoi) replied, we which are
of your Council will look to that; but J command you ( [aid /he ) that
you do nothing that rf/ay blemifh my Honour or burden my Conjcience :
Let the Alitter remain as it is, ttU God remedy it from above 5 that
■which you think will be for my Good, may perhaps turn to my Hurt.
To wfmn Lithingcon faid, Leave the Alatter to us, and you Jhall
fee nothing Jhall be done but what is jufi, and approveable by Authori-
ty of Parliament : Hereupon, feeing the King was murdered by
zvicked Hands, and within few Days after, we., out of the inward
Teflimony of our Confciences do hold it moji certain, that Murray and
Lithina,t'on zvcrc the uiuthors, Contrivers and Terfuaders of this
Regicide, whofoever were the Mlors of the [ame.

This long and jufl: Reply for the injured Queen, put c^urray
and his Aflbciates to their lad Shifts ; and the Duke of Northjolk
having efpouled her Intereft, loft his Head in the Quarrel ; but
by this Time, the Queen plainly perceived, that it had been good
for her, that fhe had not diftruftcd the Strength and Power of her
Friends in Scotland, who in all probability, might have ruined
Murray and his Aflbciates j for Mr. Crawford, in his CoUcdions
An^Aceount ^Ygni the Cotton Library, has a Bond lubfcribed by 9 Earls, O
si«n|ch of Bifhops, 18 Lords, and feveral others at Hamilton, upon the Sth
in&«;«7 ' j)ay of Mry 1568, wherein they oblige and bind themfclves, to
ftand by one another, with their Lives and Fortunes, in Defence
of her juft Right and Title : And it is a Duty owing to the Me-
mory of thofe worthy Pcrfons to tranfinit their Names to Pofterity,
and they are as follows : Tl]e Earls o/Argyle, Huntly, Eglinron,
Crawford, Cadllis, Rothes, Montrofe, Sutherland, Errol, John 5/-
fhop of St. Andrews, John Bijhop of Dunkel, John Bijhop of Rofs,
Alexander Bifiop of Galloway, Alexander Bijhop of Aberdeen, Ro-
bert 'Bipop of Brechen, John Bi^op of the Ifles, James Bi/hop of
Axoy\c, and ]ohn Bijhop of Mimny ; Lords Tkming, Livin^ton,
Seaton, Boyd, Somervile, Herris, Rofs, Maxwel, Ogilvie, Oliphant,
Borthwick, Sanchar, Hay 0/ Zeafter, Drummond, ElpWmdon, Lord
Cleuid Hamilton, Sinclair, CarliHe; oAbbots, St Colm's Inch,
Lmdoris, Glenlufs, Haly-rode-houfe, New Abby, Dundranan, Salfide,
Crofe-regal, Inch-jatfry, Kelfo, Pluscarty, Kinlofs, Priors, Barons,
the Laird of Lochinvare, Sherriffof Tweddale,Bafs, Weighton, Ro-
flin, Corftorphin ; Johnlton, Weymefs, Balivery, Tqrry, Dalhoiifle,
Farniherft, Lamington, Calderwood, Ciasburn, Lanton, Traquair
Kirkaldy, Clackmannan, Sauchie, TuUiallun, Finlator, Barnbiigal,
Greenhead, Bamf, Haddo, Rowallan, Drumalier, Coilsbuin, Winte-

foord

}^ The Life of MAKY, ^een of Scotland. . Vol.

ill.

foord of that Ilk Robert Boyd, Bademus, Jerifvt'ood, James John- ;y^
Aori o/*Torry, Robert Johnfton o/'Lochmabcn, John Crighton of^^K^
Uihil Sherrifo/AiT, J'/r James Hamilton Knight, Sherrif If ClydC- '
dale, Robert Mafier of Semple, Thomas Mafier of Boyd ; the
Lah-d of Bombie, Stirling Knight, Boyn, Bophall, Incrweick, Scen-
houfe, Dunwood, Craigyhall, Ainsburn, Kilbirnv, Cockpoo'l,- Sir
Neil Montgomry, Patrick Congilton of that Ilk, Pollock, Lady-
land, Smeton, Prefton Knight, C^\dviG.\ Knight, Mafer of Ken-
land, James Stewart of Cardoual, Gawfton, Kenland, Canibuske-
neth, Lachop, Balkarn, Romarne, Cranfton Knight, Newton of
that Ilk, Badernoth, Bdftames, Whitefoord. Sir Andrew Ker Sher-
r/^o/" Linlithgow, Gartlie, Silverton Knight, Haning, Rickarton,
Ardkinlas, Dalziel, Slamanencc, Lycprevjck, Coie-houfe, Robcrc
Lawfon of Humby, Erfilmont, M'Intofh, Gicht Creechy Knight
Abergaldy and Whitlaw.

The Regent found himfelf involved in a Labyrinth of Difficul-
ties ; for the Duke of Northfolk declared, That they had perufed
the Writings of both Sides, and were not fatisfied with any Thino-
the Regent had faid in his own Defence j and therefore required
him to produce Tome better Reafons and Grounds for the Severities
they had ufed againft their Sovereign, otherwife they could not
think but that fhe had bcerwoo hardly dealt with; and they would
Report the' fame to their Royal Miftris.

The Regent, upon this, craved fii ft to be rnformed if his Grace
and thofe in Commiffion with him, and fent down to hear their
Debates, had full Power in the Caufe of i\\^ Scots Queen, to pro-
nounce Guiltj or not Guilty, if her Crimes fliould be made appa--
rent by the Papers he was to give in, whether fhe fhould be de-
livered into'* his Hands, or detained in England, and if Queen
"Elizjuheth would, for the Future, maintain the; Authority of the
young King and the Regency, at prefent eftabiifhed in his own Per-
fon. To which it was anfwcred by the Duke, That their Commit-
fion did not 6xtend fo far as to enable them to difpofe of the
Queen of Scots, or to anfwer every Article he propofed ; but that
Queen Eliz^abeth'sKoysii Word and Promifc were lufficient Securi-
ties. To which Murray replied, That the Affair was of the laft
Confequence, his All lay at Stake; and tho' he doubted not her
Affcdlion for the young King, and her good Intentions towards him-
felf as an honeft Man, that had ventured his Life and Eftata
for the King's Prefervation, and the Safety of his Country; yet he
thought it abfolutely N^ceflary for the Security of both, to have
thefe Queftions he had now asked, pofitively and fully refolved,
and to fee her own Hand and Seal, tor the Performance of what'
he rccjuired.

Tins procurred a Delay on both Sides; they vecre obliged to
wait till the Poft had brought them an Anfwer fiom Queen Eli-
K>abeth ; to whom the Bngttpi Commiifioners fent up an! Account
of all their Proceedings. Queen Eliz^abeth no H^ays fatisbed with Mur-*

M m m m rays

211 T/;<r Life o/" MAR y, Qjictn of Scotland. Vol. Ijf.

^^''^^^ rays Conclu(5t^, and knowing that Things nnight be better done to
uVv( h^ Mind at London, than at fo great a Diftancc, takin;^ no Notice
r-.ffi'oU"": of what Murra>) had urged, fhc recalled her Commifiioncrs and
Xr.'i^i" required luni to come, or fend fuch as he thought fit to anfwcr
Pror«d.ng. ^^j^^^ |^^j ^^^^ chatged againll him at tlie Inftance of his Qtiecn,
and to "ivc fufficient Reaions for what he had done; fincc what
he had hitherto given in, did not plainly appear to be Matter of

Fa(51:.

Upon this Letter, Murray was obliged to trudge up to the Eng-
lifh Court where both Parties being met, they found added to the
Number of the Engltjh CommiHioners, i5rtco», Keeper of the Great
Seal, the Earls of oArundel and LeUeJler, Clinton Lord Admiral,
and Sir Wiliiam Cecil, all of them great Enemies to Queen Mary;
and they earneflly prefs'd Murray to proceed in his Accufation
aeainft the Queen. But he anfwered as he had done at Tork, Tliac
he would do nothing, unlefs Q^cen Eliz>aLeth gave him het Hand
and Seal for the Perrormance of thole Conditions he had mentio-
ned, if he proved the Scots Queen guilty. This occafioned ano-
ther Delay; during which Time, c^^array went iAto the Projedl of
the Duke'of Northfolk\ Mariage with Queen Mary : And having
moft treachcroufly betrayed liim, he brought ("as we have faid) that
unfortunate Nobleman to the ScafTold.

Qiieen Elizjaheth having fummoned rne CommifTioners to appear
before her (a); the Queen's CommifTioncrs would no tenter
into any Conference with the Englifh Comm.flloners, until they
admitted their former Proteftation at Tork ; and granted that they
came there as AmbalTadorsofa fovereign Princefs to treat with them,
and not to debate any Caufe in Judgment, or to approve them
Judges i and that nothing fliould be done in that Treaty, but by
free^Confent ; which Proteftation the Englijh Commiftioners ful>
fcribed : And in doing of this, the Queens Commiftioners a<5ted
as worthy Patriots of their Country, and faithful Servants to their
Royal Miftris; whereas Mwrr^j, to his eternal Difgrace, againft all
folemn Oaths and Promifes given to the Duke of Northfolk, in a
moft fcandalous and villanous Libel, accufed his Queen of her be-
in^ privy and acceftbry to the murdering of the King her Husband,
but upon fuch evident Falfhoods and Calumnies, that Camhden
fays (r). None of the Englijh CommilTioners gave any Credit to
them : Yet Qiieen EliZjabeth urged, that the Queen's Commi/Iioners
ftiould give in an Anfwer to them ; upon which thcv produced a
Letter from their Queen, difcharging them, unlefs the French and
Sfanijh Ambalfadors were joined with them in Commiftion, and
fhe permitted to juftifyherifelf in Perfon, againft her Accufers; who

ly U'nkT'upl were themfelvcs guilty of the Crimes that were laid to her Charge:

om;,?;fcr! Both which being denied, the Treaty broke up.

thValgrn- About this Time, the Duke of Chatelherault arrived from France

d*n*d"h,mand claimed the Regency, as being neareft of Blood to the Crown;

|y^j^'«" but the Queen of England told him, Tiiat ftie would never conde

fcend

t*) Ufly « ^ii. hilt ot Im tinbifl/ lo the L«wy«H Libury, ^4) Book t, P»g. iij.

Vol. III. Tlje Life of MARY, §lueen o/^ Scotland ^x^

——— " ■ I ' -^— ^— —

fcend to that ; and that, if he attempted it, Ihe would oppofe him S^;*^
with Force of Arms ; for which Murray returned her his moft hearty ^^'^v>^
Thanks : And having kifTed her Hands, and returned to Scotland,
where, ^by his Treachery and Cunning, in a ftiort Time he made
himfelf Mafter of the whole Kingdom. In the mean Tmic Queen
Blizjdeth caufed Queen o^arj to be removed from Bolton to Co- Q?"" ^
'ventry, where ftie was committed to theCuflody and Caie of Ce-orf^ c'.^.
%ill!0t Earl of Shrewsberry, and Edward Hafiings Earl of Hunting-
ton, who kept her in a cloifer Confinement than ever Ihe had been
in before ; and notwithftanding of the Solicitations of the Spanijh
and French Ambafladors, and the many lamentable and elegant
Letters wrote by her felf concerning her Condition, yet Queen Eli-
z^abeth could never be prevailed upon to "ive her the common
Jufticc of a Hearing } but that (he might amufe the World, fhe caufed
Murray to call a Convention of the Tliree Eftates of Parliament,
at the opening of which, he told them, that he had called them,
to lay before them a Propofition that had been made to him by
Queen Eliz^abeth in Favours of Queen (iMary, which was, Tljat
flje (a) Jhould be reftored to her Crown and Dignity, or to be ajfociate
in the Cover nment with her Son, and the Admtnijlration of oyijfairs
fhould continue in the Regent's Hands till the King was feventeen
Tears of Age : Or if none of thefe could be granted, that fhe might
have Liberty to live privately in her ozvn Country, upon a fufficient
and princely oAUovjance. But the Recent knew Queen Eltz>abeth's
Mind too well, and had fecured his Party in this Sham-Parliament
better, than to c;rant any of thefe Propontions, fo they were all re-
ie(5ted, as inconfiftent with the King's Honour, and Safety of his

Perfon.

Whilft Affairs were in this Pofture, the afflided Condition of the
Qiieen extorted a generous Refentment of it, even in the Hearts of
thofe who were none of her Subjedts, and owed their Allegiance ^^ ^^^^
to the Queen who perfecuted tier : For Thomas Piercie Earl of of w.r<i«»-
Northumberland, and Charles Nevil Earl of Wefimorland raifed a yrjm^'^u
confiderable Body ot Forces witli a Dcfign to fet her at Liberty ; but f.,St«i^
when they found that they were not joined by her Friends in Scot- ***"'*
land, and that they' wanted Money to fupport them; and that on
the other Hand, Qneen Eliz^a bet h was raifing a great Army againft
them, they were obliged to disband their Forces, and Wefimorland
fled to Flanders, and Northumberland xo Scotland, where the Regent,
inftead of t^iving him Protcdion, took him Prifoncr, and fent him
to LocUevm, and chorion his SuccefTor in the Regency fold him
to Queen Eliz^abeth, wlio cut? off his Head.

Not long after this, the Regent was killed at Linlithgowhy Ha- ThtKt^m
milton of 'BothwtUhaugh ; this Gentleman (b), with fix others that "Jti^tm^
were taken at the Battle of Lanzfide fighting for the Quean, were
imprifoned in the Caftlc of BUcknefs, and forfeited in their Eftates:
Tlief^ Gentlemen, in order to pi'ocure their Liberation, agreed

M m m m 1 amongft

■^71 The Life of MARY, £^cf» of Scodan J. Vol. 111.

'■^''^'^ thcm(clvcs to make an Offer of the Eftatc of Woodhoiiflie to Sir Lewis
•V^ fj^tilLvidcn Jufticc-Clerk, a great Favourite of the Kcgciu's ; and who
for a loni^ Tunc liad his Eye upon it. This Eftiuc of Woodhouflie
bcloDUbd^ro Bothwelhaugh, by his Lady aAli fun Sinclair, Daughter
to Sn Oliver Sinclair, King ^^wa V's great Favourite. This Offer
was accepted of by the Juftice-Clerk, who promifed to procure
their Liberty and ElLites to them j but it was only a Promife, for
all that he did in it was, That he took PoffellKMi of the Effate of
'Bothioclhaugh, and turned out Bothiuelhauglh Lady in her Shift in
a very cold Night ; which Indignity the poor Lady took fo hai-
iioullv ill, that before Morning fhe became furioully mad. The
Year after, the Duke of Chattlcherault in his Return from France^
procured a Letter from Queen EltZjabcth, to the Regent, for fet-
tin" thele Men at Liberty ; which being accordingly done, Both-
li-elhatigh petition'd the Regent to be reftored to his Lftate o( Wood-
houflie, which the Juftice-Clerk moft unjuflly poffeffed : But all
the Anfwer he got was, That he was an honefler Man who had it.,
than he ivho was, jeeking it.

Upon which Bothwelhaugh fwore to be reveng'd upon him; yet
before he would go to the utmofl:, he lelolved to try what a dif^
ftrels'd Lady's Tears and Literceflion would do. So he fenj his La-
dy to him (for bv this r.me fhe had recovered her Rcafon and Sen-
fcs) with a Petition ; fhe taking alongfl with her Mrs. Margaret Muir-
head, a Daughter of the Laud ot Latichop : They found him fitting
in Council in St. C/7a's Church, and tailing down upon her Knees,
fhe piefented him with the Petition; bur he no fooner faw what the
Nature of it was, but he rofe up and went out of the Council : But
fhe, following him, catch'd hold of him by the Sleeve, and told him,
that fhe wis ordered by her Husband to tell him. That the firfl Time
that ever he fliould chance to fee him, if he did not do him ]u-
flice, he fhould either be his Death, or he, his. To which the Re-
gent anfwered, Let it fall upon the Firfl , intimating thereby, that
he would take his Hazard ot that. And Bothwelhaugh was as good
as his Word; for as the Regent was returning from Stirling, thro'
the Town of Linlithgow^ he fhothima little below the Navel,' and
the Bullet pafTlng thro' his Body, killed Sir Ctorge Douglass Horfe,
who was riding next to him. This was upon the l jd Day of Ja-
nuary, i')6().

Bothivelhattgh made his Efcape and went oVer to France; where,
Tlman lays, he was offer'd a confiderable Reward to difpatch Ad-
miral Coligny, as he had done the Regent : But his Anfwer was,
Not, till Coligny had as much injured his Sovereign and him as the
Regent had done. From France, Bothwelhaugh went to Spain, where
he was made a Colonel of a Regiment of Foot j and died in that
Station in the King of Spain s Service.

As for the Regent, his Death was varioufly taken, as People were
affe(5lcd to him: And all our Presbyterian Hiflorians highly extol
him, calling him always the good Regent^ becaufc he was fo inflru-

mental

Vol. Ill The Life of MAKY, h^ueen of Scodand "7^

mental in advailcing the Work of the Reformation } butbywiiat Wc'^*^'^-^-
faid of him, from uncontroverted Documents, it appears, tliat he -'*V^
was a Man of an unbounded Ambition, and of an unfatiable Ava-
rice ; by tlie firft he was prortnpt lO afpire to the Crown, which en-
gaged him in a long Scries of treafbnabic and vilainous AdVs a-
gainft his Sovereign; and by the other he only made Vie of Reli-
gion, under a Pretence of Zeal for the Reformation, to enrich him-
fclf upon the Spoils of the Church ; he was naturally unconftanc
and falfc, having no Regard to his mod: folemn Promifcs and
Odths, if they but in the lead obftfu(5led his Dcfigns ; he eafily
forgot the good Offices of his Friends, but never pardoned die ill
Ones of Iiis Enemies; lie was a deep Didembler, rarely appearing
to be fullcn or out of Humour; his liberal Educadon made him
a great Favourer of Letters and learned Men, to whom he never
almoft denied any Thing they asked of iiim, for which he can ne-
ver be too much commended 5 he was very adlive and indefa-
tigable in Bufinefs, but was of no deep Reach in Contrivances,
which were are all owing to a^orton; fo that it was a common
Saying among the Vulgar,that c^i4rray had the Hands, but Mor-
ton the Head. His Body was tranfported from Linlithgovj to Edtn-
hur^h, where lie was interr'd in St. Giles's Church, where, below his
Coat of Amies, on the left HsLnd is VJnttct), Tietas fne vindice
luget, Godlinefs mourns without a Defender. And on the North,
towards the right Hand is Written, Jus exarmatum efi, Law is dif^
armed ; then below on a Copper Plate fs this Infcription,

Jacoho Stuartd (i^Moraijite Co)niti^ ScottA Proregi, viro atatis fud
longe Optimo, ab inimicis omnis Memort& deterrimis eo infidiis
extinBo, feti Patri Communis patria mar ens pofuit, 23 fanuarii

When, the Newiofhis Death was brought to die Queen, fhc
was fo far from' fh'owing the leaft Sign of Refcntment againfl him,
that fhc faid. Hie was heartily forry for him, arid efpecially, that
he was fo fuddenly taken away, before God had given hirti a View
of his'Sihs, and Tiine to repent j and indeed flfe found no Relief
by his pcath, f6r. Lenox and Morton, who fucceeded him in the
Regency, proved is great Enemies to her as ever he was.

Atter the Death of iyHurray, feveral Attempts were made in
Scotland foT reftoring the Queen, upon which a War broke out be-
twixt the Queen s Party and the King's, as the Rebels called them-
felves, but the King's Party being aHlfted by Queen Elizjabethy
The Lovahfts were obliged to fubmit ; but Queen Eliz,abetb having
rcceivcci many Letters from foreign Princes, blaming lief for hei
liarfh ' Treatment of Queen Mary, ' fince her rebellious Subjecfts
make'nodiing our againfl her, that dcferved fuch a Trearriient, ro a-
mufe tht World ortcc more, fhe would needs have a Trial of Queen

N n n n ^Marj^

^ The Life 0/ MARY, £^«« 0/ Scotland Vol. III.

j^^''^^ Marys Cafe, and accordingly Commi(Tioncrs were appointed by
^'V*^ both the Parties, and they met at London in the Beginning ot the

Year 1571-

The ComrnifTioners for the Queen, (a) were the Bifhop of Rofs
fubm..."''" Q/ilexiwder Gordon Bilhop ot Galloway, Uncle to the liar] o( Hunt-
""h^ch 'T.kV /y, tile Lord Bo^d and the Lord Lwing(lon; thofe for the King,
rr,'eacQ''u.°r' were the Earl of Morton, Pttcairn Abbot of Dumferniling, and iV.r.'
James c^'Gili. Tliefe Commidioncrs were no fooner n)Ct ac
London, but the Earl of Lcicefler and St*ffex, the Lord Keeper,
the Lord Chamberlain, Sir WilUam Cecil Secretary, Sir Walter
Mildmay and Sir Francis Knolls, were appointed to confer witli
diem, and after feveral Meetings and Conferences, Propofals were
made to them by the Englijh Comminloners, which were fo di(-
honourable to the Nation, and to the refped^ive Sovereigns of
both Parties, that both of them rejected them. But the Commif-
fioners fdr the King upon the laf\ Day of Febrnary, gave in a Vin-
dication of their Proceedings againfl the Queen, wherein they en-
deavoured to prove {b) the Lawfulnefs of Subjc<5ls refifting of
Kings, from the Civil and Canon Law, from the Laws of their
Country, and the Examples of their PredeccfTors; to all which they
added the Authority of Calvin, and. fome other Divines of the
Reformed Religion ; then they higiily extolled their own Lenity and
Clemency, who fuffercd the Queen to appoint the King i;o reign
in her Place, and did not take away her Life, which was entirely
owing to the Mercy of the People,, and not to any Merit or Defer-
ving in lier: But this Vindication of theirs being againfl: all Sove-
reign Princes, as well as againfl their, own, Queen ElizMbeth re-
proved them fharply for it ; but not long after, fhe gave them a noble
Entertainment at Greenwich, and renewed her Affurances to them
of her Friendfhip. The Queen's CommifTioners finding this, and tl)at
fhe was only trifling with them, acquainted their Miftris of it,
whoordered them to return to their own Country; wiiich.tliey ac-
cordingly did, and the Civil War was renewed in Scotland, and
many not Skirmifhes were betwixt the Loyalifls and the Rebels,
and for a long Time, the Country was nothing but a Field of Blood,
iometimes^ the one Pary prevailing, and fometimes the other,

Wliilft tliefe bloody Wars were in Scotland, Queen EHz^abeth

ifl^f^D^'il was not wanting to creat fuither Trouble to the Queen of Scotland,

foned Tor"' fot fliB caufed imprif on Lady Margaret Douglajs Countefs of Le-

coaefoV- "''•*^' for keeping Correfpondence with her in the Year 1574, which

the Qo«'il! ^° impaired her Health, that it was thought to have been the Oc-

cafion of her Death, which happened about 4 Years after. This Lady

H«De.ih\vas fole Heir to oArchbald Douglajs Earl of oAngus, by Margaret

t«. Queen of Scotland ; ihe married the Earl of Lenox, by whom fhe

had the Lord Darnly, who married Queen Mary, flie oudived

eight of her own Children, and was three Times imprifoned ; the

firft, becaufe Thomas Fioward Son to Thomas FFoward Duke of

North-

(<•}, Cnwf. Mem. (i}> Vid. Udtb Life of Queen Mar^.

Vol. III. The Life of M A R Y, Glueen of Scotland. "^

NorthjOlk, and Ihe defigned to marry, for which they were both "^J^;;^
impriloned by King //(Twry VIII. And this young Nobleman was*^^
fo troubled at the harlh Treatment that fhe met with upon liis Ac-
count, that he died of Grief in the Tower; the fecond was for her
Son the Lord Ddrnly\, marrying Queen salary by Queen £//-
Z,abeth\ Order; and the third, as we have faid, was for keeping a
Corrcfpondcnce with Queen Mnry^ and for marrying her Son
CW/f/ with Lady Eliz^akth Candijh, which Ihe alledged was done
at the Dcfne of Queen Mary. She was a Lady of ftiitft Vertue and
admirable Beauty, which was accompanied with an Air of Majefty
and Greatnefs, that was fuitablc to her Birth and Quality, which
was certainly the greateft that any Subjedt ever had; fhe died in
the Year 1 578, in the 63 Year of her Age, and was buried with
great Pomp and Magnificence in Henry the Vll's Chappel in Weji-
minfler Abbey, where at the lower End of the South Side of the
Chappel, her Tomb is to be feen of black Alabaftcr, and diverfe
coloured Marble ; on the Pedeftal whereof there are eight Chil-
dren in a kneeling Pofture, four Boys and as many Girls, four on
the North, and as many on the South Side, of the fineft Alabafti
er, fet about with armorial Enfigns, and gilt with Gold, fhe her-
felf lying at full Proportion on the Tomb, of the fame Alabafler,
with this Lctin and EngUJh Infcription.

^IdargaretA T>ougli/i&, c^atth&i Stuarti LenoxU Comitif, Vx-
ori, Henrici VlL AngiiA Regis, ex FiUa Neptt, pot em if s : Re-
gibm cognatione conjun^ifprna, Jacobi VL Scotorum Regis jivi^^
Matrom ja^Hijjtmts moribtis, Cf invida animi patientta incdmpa-
^abiluP.

Margaret a potens njirtute, potentior ortu,

Regibus ac proanjis iSlobUitate cluis
Jnde Caledoniis, aujlrabilus inde Britamis

Edita Trincipibus, principtbufq; parens.
Glu,& mortis' fuerant, jolvit Utijima morti ;
Qydfq, Detim petiit, namjuit ante Dei.

Henry, fecond Son to this Lady, was King of Scots., and Father
to fames the VI. King otScots;t\\\s Henry was murdered at the Age
of II Years, and fhe is here entombed.

Ahfolutum cur A Thorns, fotiUr^ hujus Domini Execuforis, O^ob-

14 1578.

Here lieth the noble L^dy .Margaret Countefs c£ LtnoXy
Daughter and fole Heir, of uirchibaldE&d of ^ngus by Marga-
ret Queen of Scots, his Wife was eldeft Daughter to King Hen-
ry VII. Who bore unto her Husbaiid four Sons and four Daugh-
ters.

This Lady lud to hex great Grand-father, King Edward the
IV.- To her Grand-father King Henry tlie, VII. To. her Uncle
Kin^^ Henry the VilL To her Coufin German King E2ward the

N n n n 2 VL

^I^ The Life of MARY, ^een of Scotland. Vol. m.

V. To her Brother King James the V. of Scotland, to her Son
Kinc Henry I. And to her Grand-Child King James the VI. Slaving
to her great Grand-Mother and Grand-Motlier, two Q^uccns both
named Eliz^abeth, to her Mother c^argaret Qiieen oi Scots, to
her Aunt Mary the French Queen, to licr Coufin Germans, Mary
and Elix^abeth Queens of England, to her Niece and Daughter in
Law Q^ary Queen of Scots.

In the Year 1579^ Q.ucen Mary had a notable Piece of Injuftice
Qu«"« done unto her by Secretary Waljingham, he had given a Pafport to
Jobblr'by Monfieur de /.wTreafurcr to Queen Mary, who had brought to
s^.ctfr"/.''^ her from her Dowary in France fome Gold and Money, fome
Rings and Jewels, a Chain of Gold valued at 500 Crowns, and a
Mirrour of the fame Value ; but being informed, that he had fome
Letters of fecret Intelligence, with a Sum of 60000 Crowns,hc cau-
fed way-lay him, and robbed him of all that he had ; and altho'
the Jufticc of the Place caufcd two of the Robbers to be appre-
hended, and fent them Prifoners to London, yet they were fhort-
ly after fet at Liberty, and a Penfion fettled upon them, inftead
of being punifhcd : But our Queen having got fome of her Jewels
reftorecT to her, fhe fent her Secretary Monfieur Noe with a Letter
to her Son, fome Jewels of Value, a Veft, and a Bed of State, all
richly embroidered with Gold and Sjlk, with her own Hand ; but
the Letter being direifted. To our loving Son James Prince of Scot-
land, he was fent back without being allowed to fee the Princes
Face.

The Bed of State being one of the moft curious Pieces of Work-
manfhip, tliat either that, or any Age fince her Time has produ-
ced, and that it gives us a noble Idea of the Sublimenefs of her
Soul, and the Delicacy of her Wit and Invention, in the fcveral em-
blematical Reprefentations that are upon it, I fhall here gratifle
the Readers Curiofity with an Account of it, (a).

The Firft is the Loadfton turning towards the Pole, and the Word
her Majefty's Name, Maria Stuart a turned into an Anagram in
French, Ja 'vertu rri attire, its Vertue draws me to it ; this has Re-
ference to a Crucifix, before which, with all her Royal Ornaments,
fhe is humbled on her Knees moft lively, with the Latin Word
undique ; from every Part intimating, that in all the Parts of her
Life, fhe had a View to Chrift and his Sufferings, as the only Di-
redlion of her Life, as the Mariner's Needle, touched by the Load-
fton, is the Direction to Seamen in their difficulteft Voyages. The
Second is a Phenix in Flames, with thefc Words in French, en ma
fn git mon commencement, my Death is the Beginning of my Life;
alluding to her Sufferings, who all her Life was involved in the
Flames of a Civil War, and never expeded to live in Peace till
Death fhould tranflatc her to an immortal Glory. The Tliird is
an Apple Tree growing in a Thorn, with this Lattn Infcription,
■per njincuU crefctty it grows and flourifhs amidft its Fetters ; alluding

to

(,«>, Hithorodeo'i ttmil. £piA. ].

Vol. III. rije Ltfe of MAKY, Glueen of Scotland. ~ ^

that SuTDlimenels and Serenity of Mind which fhe enjoyed m iier Con- r^^>^
fincmcnt. The Fourth is a Crefcent or Half" Moon, with this La-^^'X'
tin Sentence donee totum impltAt orhem ; till he appears in his full
Orb, alluding to her prefent Condition, whrch tho' it was eclipfcd
for a little, )&t at the finifhing of the Courfc of her frail Life, her
Innoceiicy would appear in its full Splendor and Glory, as that of
the Moons after the periodical Revolution. The Fitth, is a Sala-
mander crowned in the midfl: of Flames, with this Latin Infcripti^
on, nutrifco ^ extinguo, I nouridi and extinguifh j alludine to
her Imprifonnients, being the Caufe of a Civil War, which fKc
endeavoured to extinguifh as the Salamander, when thrown in the
Fire extinguifhes aU the live Coals about her, yet being there flill
nouriflied, and augmented the Flames. The VI. Is an Arrow paf-
fing thro' three Birds with this Latin Verfe, dcderttne mam
cajupue T>euJ've, whether was this cafually done, or by the Di-
redion of God, alluding to the malicious Afpcrfions of her Ene-
mies, which like fo many poifoned Arrows were aimed at her
thro' her Husband and Son. The Seventh is, Mercury charming
^rgus with his hundred Eyes, exprelTed by his Cadhceus, two
Flutes and a Peacock with this Latin Sentence, Eloquium lot lami-
na claii/it, Eloquence has blinded all tliefe, alluding to Queen
£ltz.abeth blinding all the Eyes of Europe with her feemincr Pre-
tences of Juftice in detaining her Prifoncr. The Eight is, two Wo-
men upon the Wheel of Fortune, the one holding a Launce, and
the other a Cornucopia with thefe Words in Latin, Fortune coxites,
the Comitants of Fortune, alluding to Queen Eliz,al;eth and her
felf, and their two different Fortunes, the one being involved in
War, and the other in Plenty and Peace. The Ninth is, a Pyra-
mid overgrown with Ivy with thefe Latin Words, te fiante 'utrebo^
I fhall fk)urifh as long as thou flands, alluding to her Stedfaflnefs
and Innocency, which like the Ivy upon the Rock fhould remain
in its Verdure and Beauty as long as fhe lived. The Tenth is, a
Ship with her Mafl broken and fallen in the Sea, with thefe La-
tin Words, nunquam nifi reilam, never but when Straight, allu-
ding to her ftraight and upright dealings, in the tempefluous
Courfe of her Li^, which had fupported her as a flraight and un-
broken Mafl does a Ship in a Tempell at Sea. The Eleventh is
a big Lion and a youno; Whelp befide her, with thefe Latin
Words, unum quidem Jed leonem, one indeed^ but it is a Lion, al-
luding to the Cafe of her and her Son, whofe Power and Strength,
if joined in one, would be like that of a Lion's againfl their Ene-
mies. The Twelfth is a Lion taken in a Net, and Hares wantonly
pafTing over him, with thefe Latin Words, et lepares deviniio inJuL
tant leoni, Hares infult over a fettered Lion, alluding to the bafe
and infulting Behaviour of her Subjedts, over her, when they knew
that her Imprifonment fecured them from that juft Punifhmenc
tliey defcrved ; and which, they no more durft do, if fhe were at
Libert/, tiian a Hare durfl inftiUover a Lion. The Thirteenth is, a Bed

O o o o of

230 The Life o/ MARY, Glueen of Scotland. Vol. Uj

2^)*^ of Cammomel Flowers in a Garden with thefc Latin V/ or (\%f rutins
*^'^^ calcata dat ctmflos, the more its trode upon, the more it grows, al-
ludin'' to the daily Convi(ftion that the World received of her In-
nocence from the A{pcrfions oi her Enemies. The Fourteenth is, a
Palm Tree, with thcfe Latin Words, fondenhus virtus wnata re-
fiftit, by its innate Virtue it refills its Burden, alluding to her
Chriftian Fortitude in fupporting the heavy Burden of her Impifon-
ment, as the Palm Tree is faid to rife, the njore it is dcprels'cf. The
Fifteenth is, a Bird in a Cage, and a Hawk Hying above, with thefe
Italian Words, il rnal me preme et me jpa'venta de^io, a prefent
Evil opprcfles me; but it trees me from a wotfb, alluding to her
Imprifonment, and the Defions oi her Enemies upon her Life. The
Sixteenth is, a Triangle with a Sun in the middle of a Circle, with
thefe Latin Words, trino non convenit orbis^ a Glob agrees not
with a Triangle, alluding to the Glob of the Earth, rcpre(cntcd
by the Circle and the Sun, and the three different Pretcndons, that
fhe, Queen EltZjaheth., and her Son had for the Government of the
3 Kingdoms of Eng^land, Scotland a.r\d Ireland reipieCcmcd by the Tri-
angle. The Seventeenth is, a Porcupine amongfl: SeaRoclcs,with thefe
Latin Words, ne njohtetur, leafl; fhe Ihould be tofTed about, alluding
to her clofe Imprifonment. The Eighteenth, a Portcullis, with the
Lattn Words, altera fecuritas, a double Security, alluding to her
Enemies having both her and her Son in their Power. The Nin-
teenth is, the Annunciation of the Virgin Mary, with thefe Latin
Words, fortitudo ejus Rhodum tenuh, by her Power he kept Rhodes^
alluding to the Duke of Sanjofs ImprefTa, who attributed his keep-
ing of the Ifland o( Rhodes to the Afliftance of the Virgin, o^ary by
whofe Interceflion fhe hoped to be fecure againfl the Attempts of her
Enemies. The Twentieth is, Flourifhes of Arms, as Helmets Launces,
CrofletSjPikes, Muskets, Canons,and other warlike Engines,with this
Latin Sentence, dabit deus his quoq; jinem^ God in due Time will
put an End to thofe; likewife, alluding to the Civil Wars in Scot-
land. The T^venty firfl is, a Tree planted in a Church-yard environed
with dead Mens Bones, with thefe Latin Words, pietas revocabit
ab orco, Piety brings back from the Grave, alluding to the Dead
from whofe Interceflion fhe exped:ed Affiflance, as a Tree plan-
ted in a Church- Yard, is nourifhed and fupported by the dead
Corps who environ it. The Twenty fecond is, Eclipfes of the Sun
and Moon, with this Latin Sentence, ipfa tibi lumen quod invidet
auferet^ihe takes away the Light that fhe envies in another, alluding
to Q^uecn Eliz^abeth, robbing her of her Reputation ; becaufe fhe
thought, that it cclipfed her own. The Twenty third is, Bren-
nuss Balances, a Sword cafl in to weigh Gold, with this Latin
Sentence, quid nifi 'vitlis dolor ? what is there, but Sorrow to the
conquered? alludiag to the Caufc of her Imprifonment for nothing;
and confidering it either to proceed from the Succcfs of her rebel-
lious Subje<5ls Arms, rcprefented here by the Sword, or from the

Penfions,

Vol. Ill The Life of MARY, ^een of Scotl^ jTi

Penfions that were given them from Queen Eliz^abeth, reprefented

r<^vo

here by the Gold ; either was alike to her. The Twenty fourth, »^V^'
A Vine-tree watered with Wine, which, inftead of making it fpring
and grow, maketh it fade, with thefe Latine Words, Me a fie mihi
profunt, This is the Good I reap from my own ; alluding to her
Maintenance in Prifon, which, altho* 'twas from her own Revenues
with a fufficient Competency for human Life; yet, like a Vine-tree
that's watered with her own Juice, in (lead of fupporting her Life
made her daily fade and decay away with Sorrow. The Twenty
fifth, is a Wheel rolled from a Mountain into the Sea, with thefe
Italian Word>, Trecipitio, fenz,a Jperanz^a, Precipitantly, without
Hope; alluding to her precipitant Flight into England, by which
flie had thrown her fclf into a Sea of Sorrow, without any Hope of
Recovery. The Twenty fixth, is a Heap of Win"s and Feathers
difpers'd, with thefe Latine Words, Magnatum vicimtas, The Neigh-
bourhood ot Greatnefs; alluding to her experimental Knowledge
of the Vanity of the World; which, with all its Pomps and Splen-
dor, takes Wings and flics away, and leaves the greateft Princes, in
the lafl: Period of their Life, as void of them as the meanefl Pea-
fant. The Twenty feventh, A Trophy upon a Tree, with Mitres,
Crown, Hats, Masks, Swords, Books, and a Woman with a Veil o-
ver her Eyes, pointing to Some about her, with thefe Latine Words,
Vt cafus dederit. As they are cafuallv given ; alluding to the Va-
nity of all States and Conditions in tne World, for, be what they
will, they may flourifti tor a Time in their Gayety and Verdure, as
a Tree, but at length, theymuft all become the Trophies of Death,
and lie undiftinguiflied in the Grave. The Twenty eighth. Three
Crowns, two oppofire and another above in the Sky, with thefe
Latin Words, ddltamque moratur, Another waits her ; alluding to
her having been once in Pofleffion of the Two Imperial Crowns of
Scotland and France, and now in Expedation of a Crown of Glory.
The Twenty ninth, is the Sun in an Eclipfe, with thefe Latin Words,
c^edio occidit dte, He fets in the Middle of the Day ; alluding to
her Misfortune in the Ptime and Glory of her Age. Befides all thefe
are the Arms of Scotland, England and France, fevcrally by them-
felves, and all quartered in many Parts of it.

By thefe Emblematical Reprefentations, we at once fee the Great-
nets of her Soul, and the Innocency of her Diverfions during her
Imprifonmcnt. But now her Sorrows began to multiply upon her j
for in the Year 1581, the News was brought to her, of her Son's
being kept Prifoner bV the Earl of Cowrie ; and ftie no ways doubt-
ing but that he would meeet with the fame Treatment that ihe had y,,^,
met with, (he wrote a long Letter (a) to Queen Eliz^abeth, where- Qi'sTw"!*
in fhe reprefented all her Treatment, from the Beginning of her h^^i™!^
Misfortunes tilL.that verv Day, and befeeches her, by the dolorous *** **
Paffion of our Saviour and Redeemer Jefus Chrifi, that fhe might
have Permiffion to depart out of her Kingdom, to jffifl her Son and

O o o o 1 to

<.») S.C Uu. UttM •! luf, i* BUOmmJ, P. i )e;. u4 ia Vd^r, Llf« of Q^o Mmj, t. tit.

331 The Ltfe of MARY, Gluten of Scotland. Vol. \\\,

^"^^•^ to refrefh licr poor Body, opprefs'd with daily Sorrows and liravy
v.^^\^ Direafcs, and tlut fhe might prepare her Soul for God, to whom
{he hourly cxpcded to render it up; but if this could not be ob-
tained, fhe hoped, that in her lafl: Hours (lie might be allowed to
have a Churchman of her own Religion, and two Maids to attend
her in iier Chamber in lier Sickncfs ; protefting before God, That
they were neceffary for her, to keep her from the Shame of being
expofed by Reafon oi the many Infirmities which her Imprifonmcnt
had brought upon her: And concludes with thefe pathctick Words,
Q^adaw, Reafftme the Murks of your ancient good Nature, oblige
your own to your Jelf; grant me that Contentment before J die, as to
fee all things accommodated betwixt yon and my [elf, to the end that
?/;y'Sonl, being enlarged from my "Body, it be not conf rained to lay o-
pen her Croans before God, for the Injuries which yon have fuffered to
be done unt» me upon the Earth : But on the contrary, that departing
from this Captivity in Peace and Concord, it may, with all Content,
repair to him whom Imof humbly befeech to infpire you to condefcend
to the }uft Requcfls of your mojl defolate, mofi near, and moft affedi-
onate Kmjwoman.

M. Re"ina.

o
The 8th Diy o( Novemtir, 1581.

But Queen Eliz^abeth was Deaf as the Stone to all tiiat Hie could
fay ; and I would be too prolix, if I fhould give an Account of
the hundred Part of the Indignities that were done to her ; in the
mean Time her Son being offufficient Age begun to refent the
harfh Treatments his Mother met wkh, and lookt with a favourable
Eye upon all thofe tJiat had ftood by her during his Minority.
And wrote very prefTingly to Qj.ieen Eliz.abeth to fet his Mother
at Liberty; Queen Eliz^abeth on the other Hand, refolved to dis-
patch her, and in order thereto, Sir Annas Paulet and Sir Drw
Drury were ordered to be her Keepers, and many Attempts were
made for Poifoning her, and murdering her ; but moft of them
failed, at length it was accomplifhed, and brought about after this
Manner.

One Gilbert Gifford an Englifh Man, (a) who had been
brought up in the Roman Catholick Religion, and bred at Rheims,
Thi H'«^<"y was bribed by Secretary Walfngham, and employed by him for
wiTs'Tci- the difcovcring of all the Defigns of the Roman Catholicks in Fa-
vours of Queen Mary, and went frequently betwixt France and
England \ the Roman Catholicks having obfeived this traffecking
Kind of Life of his ; and that he was never challenged by the
Government, they begun to fufpedt him to be a Rogue; he finding
this, to remove all Grounds of Siifpicion from them, went over to
Pontamoujfon where he commenced Batchelor ot Theology, and
immediately after entered into Holy Orders at Rheims, and go-
ing to Paris, he became intimately acquainted with Thomas Mor-
gan a faithful Servant of Queen Marys, to whom he told, that if

he

r I ■ I l» —

Vol. HI. The Life 6f MARY, ^een of Scotland. 335

he Ind lo miicli Moficy as to defray his Charges, into England /^(^^^
with Ibme Letters ot Credit to her Friends, he knew ot an intalli- '■^^.''^
blc Wav or making her Efcape; this, Mr. Mor^tt/z communicated
to the ArclibiHiop of GUfgow the Queen's Anibairador at Paris :
But that wife Prelat would not hear of him ; however oy^Iorgan
was prevailed upon to truft him; and gave him (bme Letters of
Credit to the Queen's Friends; and amongft the reft to aAntom
Bdington of Dcthitke in Derby/hire, a young Man well Sorn, rich
of an excellent Genius, and learned above his Years. Gijford ar-
riving, iii England, went flraiglit to Secretary Wdfinghame, to
whom he fhow'd all his Letters, and then delivered them to the
Pet Tons to whom they were direiffed, and Cijford and Babtngton
had a long Conference, concerning the Manner of delivering of
Queen Miry, and it was agreed, that Queen BltZ^aheth fhould be
murdered by by Six Fellows, whom Gtjfoy-d was to engagfe, and
i:.{l;inglori with a Hundred Horfe-Men, at the fame Time, fhould
lelieve Queen Mary : All this was contrived by Wal/inghami, that
dicv mitrhthave Tome Ground to proceed againfl Queen Mrry; bat
the' "teat DifHculty was tij have it un^Qi Babington\ Hand, which
they procured thils,

W.rlfiHghawe had fome ofQueen M.irys Letters wrote in Cyphers,"
and in tnefe Cyphers a Letter was writ to Babtngton as it wer6
from Queen Q^ary challenging him for his long Silence, and
requiring a Packet to be lent, that Gtfford had brought to her from
France, Babtngton returns an Anfwer, wherein he tells of what wa^
a^'reed betwixt him and Gijford, which being read and copied
by Sir Afnias Taulet, it was delivered to her Secretaries Nj've and
Ct4rl ; they knowing the Stridlncfs of their Royal Miftris Virtue
durfl not acquaint her of it 5 but returned an Anfwer in their Mi-
ftris Name, commending his Zeal and Forwardnefs in her Service,
and promifing a Reward to the AlfaiTinators, which was delivered
to Walftngham, who acquainted the Council of it ; Sir Amias Paulet
after tins received a Letter' from Walfmghan), wherein he was de-
fired to take the Queen, her two Secretaries and her other Servants
to the Hunting, winch he accordingly did; but they had no foorl-
er come to the Field ; but fhe and they were feized upon bv i
Company of armed Men fent for that Purpofe, and committee! all
to dillercnt Prifons, and her Majefty was fent Prifonef to Pothring-
gay Caff le. All or moft of tiiofc who were engaged with Babing-
)on were put to death, and a great many of them moft cru-
elly, being ript up alive, and quartered, Gijford was Tent over to
Prance tilT the)* fhould have iHore Ufe for him ; bat being appre-
hended there and found a Spy, by the Letters that were feized
upon him.fome of which were written inCyphcrs,and fome with the
Juice of an Onion and Allom.he was thrown into Prifon, and died
'in a ftarving Cx>ndition, notwithftanding that the EngUfj Ambaf-
{iidor then at Paris often promifed to relieve him. But what they
fhould do with the Queen oi Scotland wars their next great- Cort^

P p p p cern,

^^4 ^f Life of MARY, ^een o/" .Scotland. V<.i. ||f.

aIT?^ cern, fome were for doing no Harm to her, becaufc /he was a fo-
^^^'''^ vcreif^n Trincefi, fickly and not like to live long ; bcfidcs the Plot
was neither begun by her, nor had ftic any Hand in it, further than
what her Secretary had done, her Punifhment fhould be but a dole
Imprifonment ; others were for profccuting licr. by Law, my Lord
Leicefler was for poifoning her, and fent privately a Divine to
}Valfingham to perfwade him of the Lawfulncfs of it; but Wdl-
rhcQ^cto /in^ham told him he would never agree to that, at length Queen
of E^^und £i,;r^(;f(fj rcfolved to try if Sir jimias Paulet and Sir Drvj 'Bury
"""'a.Vi ''m would undertake to murder her privately in her Chamber, that fhe
E« chL!" nii<Tht not be thought to have any Hand in her Death ; but Iiow
tins was tranla(fted, will bed appear from Secretary Davifons Apo-
logy for himfelf, found amongfl Sir u4mias Piwleis Tapers. A
Copy of which tranfcnbcd from the Original,was fent tome, by my
wortliy and learned Friend, Mr. Hurry of C/;r;/?J-Church O.vo«, and
is as follows.

ON Wednejday the ifl of this Prefent, about Ten of the Clock,
came one of the Grooms of the Chamber to me, to let me
underftand, that Her Majefly had called for me by my Lord
Admiral, who was in the Privy Chamber: I found his Lordfliip
there, who told me theCaufeof my fending for. Having firfl fum-
marly difcours'd unto me fome Speech that had pafs'd that Morn-
ing betwixt Her Majefty and him, touching the Execution of the
Scottijh Qiiecn ; the Conclufion of which was. That fhe would no
longer deter it, and therefor had commanded him to (end exprefly
for me, to bring the Warrant unto her : Whereupon, returning to
niy Chamber, I took both that and diverfe other Things to be fign-
ed, for her Service, and returning back, fent in Mr. Brook^'to figni-
fy my being there to Her Majefty, who immediately called forme.
At my coming in, Her Majefly firfl asking me, whether I had been
Abroad that ^ir Morning ? advifing me to u/e it oftner, and repre-
hending me for the contrary ; finally, demanded what I had in my
Hands: I anfwered. Divers Warrants, and other Things to be fign-
cd for Her Majefty's Service. She enquired, whether my Lord Ad-
miral had not lent for me ? and, whether I had not brought up tlie
Warrant for the Scots Queen ? I anfwered, Yes; and thereupon
calling for it, I delivered it into her Hands. After the reading
whereof, calling for Pen and Ink, fhe figned it; and laying it from
her, asked me, Whether I was not heartily forry that it was done?
JMine Anfwer was. That I was forry a Lady fo near in Blood to her
felf, and of her Place and Quality, fhould fo far forget her Duty
to God and Her Majefly, as to give her this Caufe : But fichcnce
this A(51: of Her Majefly was, in all Mens Opinions, of that Juftice
and Neceffity that (he could not defer it, without the manifefl Dan-
ger of her Perfon and State, I could not be forry to fee Her Maje-
liy take this Courfe, of removing the Caufe of that Danger which
threatned the One and the Other ; protcfling neverthelcS, That I

was

V^^- ^^J- The Life 0/ MARY, Glueen 0/ Scotland. ^35

was fofar from tlurfting after the Blood of that unhappy Lady, that

r>v^'\^^

if tliere had been any other Way to prefcrve Her Majefty and the ^v^'
State from Mifchief, than by taking her Li(q, I could have wilTied
it : But the Cafe ftanding fo, in the Opinion of all Men, tiiat ei-
ther Her Majefty or She muft die, 1 muft confefi freely, tiiat I pre-
ferred the Death of the Guilty before the Innocent. After this flie
commanded nic to carry it to the Seal, and to give my Lord Chan-
cellor Order from her, to ufe it as fecretly as niight be, and by ths
Way, to fliow it to Mr. Secretary Waljingham, becaufe, flic thoiioht,
the Grief thereof would kill him outngiit j for fo it pleafed Her Ma-
jefty to fay of him. This done, (he called for the reft of the War-
rants and other Things I had to fign, and diCpatch'd them all with
the beft Difpof^tion and Willingnefs that could be : In the mean
time, repeating unto me (ome Rcafons why flie had fo long defer-
red the Matter, as namely. For her Honour's Sake, that the World
miglit fee tiiat flie had not been violently or malicioufly drawn un-
to it. She concluded, Tnat flie was never fo ill advifed, as not to
fee and apprehend her own Danger, and the Neceflity flie had to
proceed to this Execution ; and thereupon, after fome intermingled
Speech here and there, flie told me. That flie would have it cfone
as fecretly as might be; and mifliking that it fliould be executed in
the open Court, or Green of the Caftle, exprcfly wiU'd that it fliould
be done in the Hall ; which I take to be a certain Argument, both
of her Meaning it fliould be done, and in the Form prefcribed in
the Warrant. But after I had gathered up my Papers, and was rea-
dy to depart, flie fell into fomc"Complaint of Sir ^mias Pavolet and
Others, that might have ealed her of this Burden; wifliing me yet
to deal With Mr. Secretary, and that he would jointly write to Sir
jimifls and Sir Drury. to found their Difpofitions : Aiming ftiU at
this, that it might be fo done, as the Blame might be removed from
lierfelf. And tho' I had always refufed before to meddle therein,
upon fundry of Her Majeftie's former Motions, as a Thing I utterly
condemned ; yet was I content, as I told her, for her Satisfadion^
to let Sir ^mias underftand what flie expecfled at his Hands, albeit
I did before hand aflure mr fclf it fhould be fo much Labour loft,
knowing the Wifdom and Integrity of the Gentleman, who I thought
would not do any unlawful Adt for any Refpe(ft in the World ; but
finding Her Majefty defirous to have him founded in tiiis Behalf,
I departed from Her Majefty, with Promife to fignify fo much to
Mr. Secretary, and that we would both acquaint Su- Amias of her
Pleafure -. And here repeating to me a^in, that fhe would have
the Matter clofely handled, becaufe of her Danger, I promifed to
ufe it as fecretly as I could ; and fo for that Time departed. That
Altcrnoon I repaired to my Lord Chancellor, where I procur'd the
Warrant to be lealed ; having in my Way vifitcd Mr. Secretary,
and agreed with him about tiie Form of the Letter which fhould
I)e written for her Majefty's fatisfying to Sir Amias TauUt and Mr.
Dmryy winch at my returning from my Lord Chancellor was dif^

P p p p i patched.

;^6 The Life o/MARY, ^een o/" Scotland. Vol. m

A^.V^ patched. Tlic next Morning I received a Letter trom Cranmer my
■^"^■^ hciviuK, whom I left at Court, fignifyin;^ unto me Her Majcrtic's
Pkafiiie, that I fhould Forbear going to mv Lord CiianccUor's till
] h.iil (pokcn with her: And within an Hour alter came William
Ktlltfi^rcio with the like Mellage from iier- whom I rccLiitied with
this Aniuer, That 1 would be at the Court allbon as liimfclN and
"ive Her Majcfty an Ai-"t:ount oF what I had done, At my Coming
to her fhc asked me, whether I had been at my Lord Chancellor?
I anFueied iici, Yes. She demanded, What needed that Hal\e ?
1 aiiFwercd, Tiiat I had done no more tiian fhe commanded, and
thought it no Matter to be dallied withall ; but Faith Ihe, me
thinks the bed and (aFeft Way For me, is to have it otherways hand-
led, particularizing a Form, that fhe, as (he pretended liked, bet-
ter, naming unto me Fome tliat were of that Opinion whoiejudge'
ments fhe commended, I anFwercd, that I took the honourable
and ]urt. Way to be the befl and Fafeft, if fhe meant to have it done
at all; whereto lierMajcfly replying nothing For that Time.lettme,
and went to dinner^ within a Day or i after, her Majcfh' being in the
Privy Chamber called me unto her,andfhiiling,rold me how fhe had
been troubled with me that Night, upon a Dream fhe had, That
tlie Stots Queen wa^ executed, pretending to be fb troubled witli
the News, that iF fhe had had a Sword fhe could have run me
thrnugh; but this being delivered in a pleafant and fmiling Man-
ner, I anF\vercd her Majefly, That it was good I was not near her,
fo long as that Humour lafted ; but with all taking hold oF her
Speech, I asked her Majefty in great EarncflneFs what it meant, and
wliethcr having proceeded this far, fhe had not a meaning to go
Forward with the Execution 5 confirming this with a Folemn Oadr,
and Fome Vehcmcncy fheanFwered, Tes ; but fhe thought it miglit re-
ceive a better Form, becauFe Faith fhe,this caflethtne whole Burden
upon my Felf, whereto I replied. That the Form Fubfcribcd by her
\Varrand was Fuch as the Law required, and the only Form that
was to be kept in Honour and Juftice, fhc anfwered, There were
wiFer Men than my FelFoF another Opinion, I told her, I could
not anfwer for other Men ; but this 1 was Fure of, that I never
heard any Man give Found ReaFon to prove it either lionourable or
(•xic For Her Majeflv to take any other CouiFc than that which ftan-
deth with Law and Juflice : So without Farther Replication or
Speech at that Time, Her Majefty roFe up and left me.

The Fame Afternoon fas I take itj fhc asked me, if I had heard
from S\x Jlmias Pazvlet; I told her. No : But within an Hour or two
after, going to London, I met with Letters From him, in AnFwer to
thofc mat were written to him by Mr. Secre:ary and my FelF Tiie
next Morning, having AcceFs to Her Majefty upon Fome other Oc-
caFion, I told her I had Letters from Mr. Pazvlctf which Her Ma-
jefty, dcfirous to Fee, took and read ; but finding thereby, that he
was grieved witli the Motion made unto him, offered his Life and
all lie .had to be diFpoFed of by Her Majefty, buc abFolutcIy reFu-

fing

Vol. 111. The Life of MAR Y, <^em of bconanc.'. ^

fing to be an Inftrumcnt in any fuch Acflion as was not warranced in jj;;^
Honour orJuftic6: Her Majefty falling into fome Terms of Of-^'V^
fence, complaining ot tlie dainty (as fhc called it^ Perjun of Inin
and Others, who, contrary to their Oath of AiTociation, did caft
the Burden upon herfelf ; Ihe rofe up, and, after a Turn or two,
\vent in to the Gallery , whither I followed her : And there renew-
ing her former Speech, blaming theNicenefs of thofe preciie Fel-
lows, who in Words would do great Things for her Svii^ty^ but in
Deed perform nothing*. And concluded, ^She icould ha%/e]t well e-
nough done without them; and here enrring into Particularities, na-
med unto me, as I remember, one Wingfield, who, fhe alTured me^
would, with fome Others, undertake it: Which gave meOccafion
to fhow unto Her Majerty how difhonourable, in my poor Opinion,
any fuch Courfe would be, how far off fhe would be from fhunning
tlic Blame and Stain thereof, which fhe fought fo much to avoid;
and liere falling particularly into the Cafe of'Sir Amias Pawlct and
Sir Drw T>rury, told, That 'twas a marvelous Extremity fhe would
have expofed thefe two Gentlemen unto; for if, in a tender Care
for her Security, they fhould have done that which fhe defired, /he
mufl either allow dicir A(ft, or difalloW it : If fhe allowed it, fhc
took the Matter upon her felf, with her infinite Difhonour ; if fhe
difallowed it, fhe overthrew thofe faithful Gentlemen, (who fhc
knew did truly and faithfully love her) and not only them-
felves, but their whole Eflate and Pof^erity ; and therefor, thought
diis a mofl dangerous and difhonourable Courfe both for her felf
and them ; and fo after fome particular Speech of Mr. Secretary
and others, touching fome Matters pafl heretofore, her Majefly
calling to underfland whether it was Time to go to the Clofct,brake
off our Difcourfe.

At my next Accefs to her Majcfty (which I take was Tuefday, the
Day before my coming from Court^ having certain Things to be
figned. Her Majefty entered, of her felf, into fome earnefl UiC-
courfe of the Danger fhe daily lived in; and how it was more than
Time this Matter were difpatched, fwcaring a great Oath, thac
it was a Shame for them All that it was not done ; and thereupon
fpake unto me to have a Letter written to Mr. Pohlet for the
Difpatch thereof J becaufe the longer it was deferred, the more;
her Danger incteafed ; whereunto (knowing what Order had been
taken by my Lords in fending the Commifiion to the Earls) I an-
fwered, That I thought there was no Nece/fity of fuch a Letter,
the Warrant being fo genetal and fufficient as it was, Her Majefly
replied little elfc, but that fhe thought Mr. Poulet would look for
it. And this as near as I can poflibly Remember, is a faithful and
true Report of what hath palled betwixt her Majefty ind me, front
the Day of figning the Warrant and the Commandment given un^
to me to catty it unto the Seal, untill the Hour of my DeparctKC
from the Court : In all which, I mufl proteft unfeignedly beforef
God, That I neither remember any fuch Commandment given

Q. P q q m«

558 The Life of MARY. Glmen of Scotland. Vol. Iff.

A^^^. me by Her Majcfty, as is prwended, neicher did ever I conceive
''"^'^' fuch an Intent or Meaning in her, and that my Innocency herein,
may the better appear, let it be confidered, Firfl, What the Com-
mandment is, and next upon what Confiderations, it was granted;
the Commandment as I undcrftand it, hath two Tarts, one, that
I fhould conceal it from the Reft of her Majefty's Council, ano-
ther that I fhould retain it by my felf, until fome tumultuary Time
as a Thin<» Her Majcfty meant not, otherwife to put in l-lxccuri-
on, both which I muft in all Duty and Humblcnefs under jier moft
oracious Favour abfolutely deny ; and for the firft, I truft lier Ma-
lefty in her princely and honourable Nature will not deny ; bur,
that fhe firft fcnt for me by my Lord Admiral to bring the War-
rant unto her, which provcth, that his Lordftiip was acquainted
with her Purpofe, and next that fhe gave me exprefs Word, both
to carry it forthwith to the Seal, with a Meffage to my Lord Chan-
cellor, who confequently muft be acquainted with it and al(o by
the Way to impart it to Mr. Secretary, fo that thefe three being
made privy to it with her own good likeiii^; and my felt as I lay
not reftrained from rhe Contrary by any fuch Commandment, as
is pretended, what Reafon had I to conceal it from my Lord
Treafurer, to whom my Lord Admiral had firft imparted it, or from
my Lord Liecefier to whom her Majefty fignified as much, as like-
wife to Mr. Vice-Chamberlain, and as they are all well acquainted
with the Reft of the whole Proceeding, and as iar inter-
eftcd in the Caufe as my felf, or any of the others, unlefs Her
Majefty had a meaning that Mr. Secretary and I ftiould have dealt
alone in fending of it to the Earls, which for mine own Part, I
confefs I never liked, knowing her Majefty's Purpofe was often to
my felf to remove as much of the Burden as fhe might from her
own Shoulders upon others, which I knew my own unfit to fuftain.
Now feeing the End of i'lgning and icaling this Warrant in all
reafonable Probability and Judgement was to go forward, withall
that the Delay thereof did infinitly increafeHer Majefty's Peril, and
thereby hazard the whole Eftate, feeing it was imparted to fome
by Her Majefty's own Order, and no Caufe or PolTibility being
fealed to keep it frorr^ the reft as much interefted in the Caufe as
my felf, and finally feeing I could neither, as I take it in Law, nor
Duty of a good Subjedt conceal it from them, the Caufe importing
fo greatly Her Majefty's Life as it did, and the Difpofition both
of the Time and the State of Things at home and abroad being
fuch as it was, I truft it fhall fufficiently appear, that I was both
in Reafon, Duty and Neceflity forced thereunto, unlefs I would
have wilfully endangered my felf, whofc Offence if ought in the
mean Time had happened amifs unto HeV Majefty muft have
been in my own Cenlure, worthy of lOOO Deaths ; and as to my
proceeding theicin with the Reft of my Lords, after it was lefolveJ,

That

Vol. III. The Life of MAKY, Gjuten of Scotland. J39

That it was neither fit nor convenient to trouble Her Majefty any J*^^
further with it, confidering that ftie had done all that the Law re- ^^V^'
quired at her Hands, and that fhe had both to my (elf and others,
flgnificd at other Times her Indifpofition to be acquainted with
the particular Circumftances of Time, Place, (^c. And that to de-
tain the Warrant in Expectation of any farther Directions from
herfelf, was both needlefs and dangerous, confidering the hourly
Hazards her Majefty lived in. And finally that my Lords know-
ing Her Majerty's Unwillingnefs to bear all tlic Burden alone, were
content moft refolutcly, honourably ,and dutifully to eafe her as much
as they might; with what Reafon and Juftice (hould I have hinde-
red the Courfe of Juftice tending fo gieatlvto her Majefty's Safety
and Prefervation of the whole Realm; and for the other Part of
keeping it by me to fuch Ends as is before alledged, I truft the
World doth not hold me fo undutiful to Her Majefty, or ill ad-
vifed for my particular, as to take fuch'a Charge upon me,to the evi-
dent Peril of Her Majefly's Life,Subvcrfion of the whole Eftate,and
mine own uit^r Overthrow, neither is their Caufe to think ( I fpeak
in all Reverence, and under Her Majefty's gracious Favour^ thac
Her Majcfty having proceeded fo far as fhe had done to the Tri-
al of that Lady's fad, found her Guilty by a moft honourable Jury
of her Nobility, affemblcd her Parliament only for that Purpofc,
gratioufly heard olieir Petitions, and difmiftcd them with fo great
Hope, publifhed afterwards the Proclamation for her Difablement
rejected the Suits both of the French and Scottifh Kings for her
Life, and returned their AmbaftadorsHopelefs; confirmed the Im-
prifonment by her Letters to both Princes, ( fome of which it plea-
led her tocommunicate with my felf) protefted many 1 00 Times her
Neceftity and Refolution to go through with all, falbeit for fund-
ry good Reafons fhe had fo long deferred it ) having given her
Commandment to me many Days before, to bring up the Warrant
unto her, and then voluntarly fent for it by my Lord Admiral, fig-
ning it as foon as I brouglit it, her cxprefs Commandment given
me to carry it to the Seal, and to have it fccretly handled : And
finally, her particular Direction whilft fhe was figning otiier Things
at the fame Time, to have the Execution done in the Hall, mifji-
king that it fhould be done in the Green or open Court ; with a
Number of other foregoing andfollowing Circumftances, may fuf-
ficiendy tcftify her Majefty's Difpofition to have it proceeded in,
albeit Ihc had to my felf and others, declared her Unwillingnefs to
iiavc been made acquaint with the Time and other Circumftances,
having done all that the Law required of her, or that in Honour
was fit and expedient for hct to do.

Q q q q Zr The

2±o T^f L^ff of MAP^Y, Clueen of Scotland. VoK II f

The Letter wrote to Sir y^mias Powlet and Sir Drw 'Drur'y.

A

FTE R our hearty Commendations, we find hy a Speech lately

fnade hy her (iMcijefty, that Jhe doth note in you, both a Lack

7t that Care and Zed for her Service, th'at Jhe looketh /or at your
Hands, in that you have not in all this Time ( of your Sehes, with-
out other Provocation ) found out (ome Way to Jhorten the Life of the
Scots Qlueen, confidering the ,^rcat Peril Jhe is hourly jubjeil to, [o
lonfr as the faid j^lueen Jhali live ; wherein, befides a kind of Lack of
Love towards her, jhe zvondereth greatly that you have not that Care
of your own particular Safeties, or rather the Prefervation of Religi-
on, and the puhltck Good and Projfertty of your Countries, that Rea-
fon and Policy commandeth; efpectally, having Jo good a Warrant and
Ground for the Satis fal'iion of your Conjciences toward God, and the
Dijcharge of your Credit and Reputation towards the World, as the
Oath of yijfoctation which you both have fo jolemnly taken and vowed"; •
efpecially, the Matter wherewith fhe flandeth charged, being fo clearly
and manifeflly proved agatnft her : And therefore Jhe taketh it mofi
unkindly, that <iAden profejjing that Love towards her that you do,
fhould in a kind of fort, for Lack of the D if charge of your Duties, caji
the Burden upon her, knowing as you do, her Indifpo/ttwn to fhed
Blood ; efpecially, of one of that Sex and Qjtality, and fo near to her
in Blood as the faid Gjueen is. Thefe Rejpeds, we find, do greatly
trouble her Ma]efly\wl)o, we affureyou, hath fundry Times protefed.
That if the Regard of the T>anger of her good Subjeas and faithful
Servants, did not more move her than her own Peril, fhe would never
be drawn to ajfent to the fhedding of her Blood. We thought it meet
tp acquaint you with thefe Speeches lately pajjed from her afMa^eflyy
referring the fame to your good Judgments : And fo vie commit you,
to the Protedion of the Almighty.

Tour mofi affured Iriendsy

London, February FRA. WALSINGHAME

I/, 158(5. WILL. DAVISON.

Diredcd thus,
To the Right Honourable, Sir Amias Pbwlet
Knight, one of her Majcfty's Privy-Council.

This Letter was received at Rthrengay, the id of February, at 5
in the Afternoon ; and in another Letter from Mr. Davifon, of the
I ft of February, to Sir Amias, he fays, J pray jou, let both this and
the inclofed be committed to the Fire, which ^eafure fhali be like-
zvife met to your Anfioer, after it hath been communicated to her
c^ajefly for her Satisfailion. Anjd in a Poftfcript of another Let-
ter, from Mr. "Davifon to him, dated the $d of February i ^^6, he
fays, I intreated you in my lafl Letters, to burn both 'the Letters fent
you for the Arguments fake ; which by your Anfwer to Mr. Secretary

( which

-MkMH

VoL IIL The Lifeaf MA'^Y, Queen of Scotland. 2. r

( which J ha-vefeen ) appeareth not to be done ; / pray you let me en-, '^«*'^»*^
treat to make Herettcks of the one and the other, as I mean to ufe pur's^^'^^^
after her Majefty hathjeen it. And in the end oFthc Poftfcript, J pra^
yoH let me know what you haw done with, my Letters, l>ecaiifethey are
not to he kept, that I may fatisfy her Majefty therein ; who miffhi.
other wife take O fence thereat, and if you entreat this Pojlfcript in
the ftme Kind, I pail not care a Whit. But it feems none of them
obfervcd tliis^ foramongfl: the. fame Papers, is the following Let*
tcr to Sir Francis Waljinghame^ '

SIR,

YOVR Letters of Tefterday coming to my Hands this prefenf
Day, at 5 p. m. / tvould not fail according to your Diredfion
to return my Anjzuer with all pojjtble (peed ; which 1 Jhall delinjer urh
to you with great Grief and Bitternefs of Mind, in that lam Jo un^
happy, as liwng to fee this unhappy Day, in which I am required by
Diredion fiom my mofi gracious Sovereign, tq do an yi£f, which God
and the Law forbiddeth ; my Goods and Living and Life are at her
Majejlys Dijpoftion, and I am ready to loje them the next MorrojWi
if itifhall pleaje her^ 'acknowledging that t do hold them as of her
meer and mdjl gracious, Favour, a>}ddo not defign to enjoy them, but.
with her Highnefs good liking ; but God forbid t fhould make fo foul
a ship wrack of my Confcience, or leave Jo great a Blot to my poor Po-
fterity, dnd (hed Blood without Law or Warrant, trujling^ that her
Majefty pfher accuftom'dQlemency^ and the rather by your good Mcr
dtatiorf, zvill take this my aAnfwer iri good Tart, as proceeding fromr
one who never zvill b^ inferior to any.(^hriftian.Sfibje£i,. living tn Ho-,,
nour, Love.tfnd Qbedje^ce towards, hif Sovereign; and thus lcommit>
youjo the Mer/cy of the ^{mighty.

Tour mo ft. ajfured poor Friend^
From Fotl^rengay the id of

Febrgary, i$U. A. 1? OWLET.

V5. Tour Let tm confihg in the plurftt, Number, feem
to be meant to SirDiw.Diury as fp.my felf;. tfnd^yet
becauf«,he is notoV^med in them,' neither 'she: Letter
direded'unto him,; , he forbedreth to.ftiake.any par^
ticular jinfweTy lut, fubfcribefh . i/ti Heart to ^ly
Opinion. D.VKUKY.

From all this it is, manifcfl,ly plain, Jhsit. QueGn ,EUziabeth Je-
flgned to h^Vj^ h^d ou|: Qucep sli^patche4 privardy, either bjtl^cfe
two who wei;e,l>er,iiiCc^p/cr.s, 01; ibyfome others; but not hndin'g any
fo wicked, as to undertake it, flifc was oblieed to do it publiclcly>
1^ accordingly ^^,/vJr;,/)jw/o« has Ql^ferv^ed, flie figned a vyarranr,
'u'hiclT*pjii^ Mn^^i;, the; 5r9at 3ea)i of| $pglfind^ fpr tryipg pf her ;,and
« PfQtiiiW-awoft WR5 iillucd ouf^ fucmnoning ibi nuny o( thcBtglifi

R r r r Nobility^

941 The. Ltfe of MA KY, Gjuccn o/ Scotland Vol. \\\.

Nobility' to be her Judges ; which Proclamation Mr. Vdal has at

An. i]8«.

leneth {a) in the Lite of this Illuftrious Queen.

Thefe or moft of them came to Fothnn^aj Ca/llc in Nurthamp^
ton Shire, upon the ii Day o( Odloher, where our Illuftrioiis (^uecii
was then (as we have faidj Prifoncr, the next Day the Cominilfio-
ners fent unto her Sir W(ilter Mildmayy Sir Amias Powlet, and £cl^
ivard 'Barker a Publi(;;k Notary, with a Letter from the Queen of
England to her ; wherein fhe told her, That pie had given a Corn-
znijjion to her Counjellors of State to hear her in Judgment, upon the
Fads of which Jhe zoas accufed. Wliich (he having read with a fc-
rcne and majeftick Countenance, addrelfed her Telf to them and

faid (I;).

" I am much affli(5led, that my dear Sifter the Queen, fliould
«♦ be fo ill informed of me, and that having been i'o many Years
♦' moft ftridly guarded ; which amongft other Things has brought
" upon me a Numnefs in my Limbs ; the many fair Conditions
" wnich I have offered for my Liberty have been negledled, and
"my fclf abandoned, I have fufficiently advertifed her of divcrfc
" Dangers, and yet ftie never would believe me ; but hath alwife
" undervalued me, although I am the neareftto her in Blood, when
" the Aftbciation was made, and when it was confirmed in the Par«
*' liamcnt, I forefaw, that whatfoever Accident did arrive eitlier
** \^ithout the Kingdom, by foreign Princes Abroad, or within the
"'Kingdom, by harbouring of Fellows for the Caufe of Religion,
•* I ftiould pay dearly for it. I having fo many deadly Enemies at
" Court. I have Reafon to take it in evil part, That a League was
** made with my Son without my Knowledge ; but I fhall not infift
** upon it at this Time, but to come to this Letter, it fc^ems ftrange
" to me, that the Queen ftiould command mc as if I were her Sud-
" jeft tocome unto a Trial, I am an abfolutc Queen, neither will I
" do or commit any Thing to the Prejudice of the Royal Majefty
♦' of Kings and Princes of my Place and Rank ; and efpecially to the
*' Prejudice of my Son, my Courage is not yet abated, nor will I
" ever ftoop unworthily under my Calamity ; I refer my felf for
" thofe Things which I protefted before Bromly and the Lord De U
" loare, the Laws and Statutes oi England are to me utterly unknown j
" I am deftitute of Counfellors, and I tell you plainly, I know none
" that can be my Peers, my Papers and Notes of Remembrance are
" taken from me, there is none that dares plead or fpeak in my
" Caufe, I am free from all OfTence againft the Queen, neither
" ihould I be called in Queftion, but upon mine own Word or Wri-
"• ting ; which can never be brought againft me, neither do I deny,
" but that I have commended my felf and Caufe to foreign Prin-
« ces ".

The next Day Sir Amias Pozvlet and Barker were fent to her by
the Commiftioners, to know if fhe approved of what fhe had faid
the Day before, and it was read to her, which haviiig heard, (he

adhered

(4) Ml, Ud*ri Life orQi.M>ry, F>st }}?• V^ '^k><i> f*K« 3<«>

Vol. III. The Life of MARY, 'Glueen of Scotland. j^.^

adiieicd to it ; but withal told them, " That fhe did remember ]>;^^
*' one Thing which fhe defired them tojput in ; and that was, where- '^vW
" as the Queen hath written that I am fubjedl and liable to die Laws
*' of England, and am to be judged by diem, becaufe I live un-
" der the Protedlion of them. / anfwer. That I came into Emland
*' to ask and crave Aid and Help; from which Time I have been
*' detain'd and kept in Prifon, and therefore could nor enjoy the
*' Proteftion and Benefit of the Xaws of England^ and hitherto I
" could not be informed by any Body what the Laws of Enaland
"were". ^

In the Afternoon, the fame Day, the Chancellor and the Trea •
furer came to wait upon her, and having read their Commidion^
the Chancellor told her, That neither Captivity nor the Prerogative
of Royal Majefty, could exempt her from being tried by the Laws
of England.^ and therefore exhorted rier calmly to hear what was to
be laid to her Charge, and if fhe did it not, they were refolved
to proceed againft her according to Law, whether fhe would or
not. To tliis fhe anfwered, " That fhe was not a Subjecft, and
" would rather die a thoufand Deaths, than own her felf as fuch
" fince by it fhe would wrong all Majefty, and confefs her felf bound
" to the Laws of England, even in Matters of Religion • but fhe
" was willing to anfwer as a Sovereign and Abfolute Princefs ought
*« to do, and fince by the very Tenor of their Letters, which they
•' had read, it plainly appeared, that they had condemned her be-
** fore ever they had heard her; and that now they were only dome
*' to amufe the World with a fham Procedure of Jufticc : But fhe in*
•* treated them to con.fult their own Confcierices, and to remem-
" ter, that the Theatre of the World was of a larger Extent than
" that of England ; laying afide the, dreadful Tribunal of God, be*
" fore which they were to anfwer for all their AcfVions ". At length*
after feveral Altercations betwixt her and them concerning the Le-
gality of tlieir Authority, (which iKe abfolutely declined) they par-
ted with her, affurin^ her, That the next Day they woiUd proceed
to pafs Sentence againft her.

Yhe next Day, being the 14th of OtJo^rr, flierentforfomcof the
GommifTioners, and .told them, That if her Proteftation was ad»
niicted, fhe would couie and juftifie herfelf j which fhe could not
do otherwife, without prejudicing the Royal Dignity, This being
granted ;o her, they met in the Chamber of Prefence, where there
was a chair of State, fet under a Canopy, in the upper Part of the
Chamber, for the Qpcen o( England; and oppofiteto it, a Chair
of Crimfon Velvet, for the Qyeen of Scotland: Hard to the Wall^
on bod) Sides, Benches or Forms, on the which, on the one Side,
fat tlie Chancellor of England, the Trealurcrof £«^/tf;7^ j the EaVl^
oi Oxford, Kent, Derby, Worcefier, Rutland, Cumberland, Warwick^
Peml/roke, Lincoln^ and Vifcount Mont acute : On the other Side,
the Lordii jiberve'vcnny^ Zouch, Morlej^ Stafford^ Qrty> EH^^ey^
Sturton, Sandsy mritworth, Mordanty 5t. John of BUtfo^ Comfton

KiJii I and

Ak iftS.

^44 The Lift gf M A R Y, £gff^ g/ Scotland. Vol. ID

and C/;f/>y • ^^^^ ^^ them' fat the Knights of the Privy Council ;
as f^'f»es Crofts, Crippher Hat ton, Francis Walfinghajn, Ralph
Sadler, Walter Mildmy and j4rfiias pAivict. Forward before the Earls
fat the two Chief Jufticcs and theChief Baron of the Hxchcgucr: On
the other Side, two Barons and other Jufliccs ; Vale ^uiMvord,T)o-
dlors of the Civil Law. At a little Table in the Middle, fat Touhaw,
Queen EHz^aktl/s Attorney, Egerton the Solicitor, Caiutte the
Queen's Serjeant at Law, the Cleric of the Crown, and two other
Clerks. The Queen being come and fet in her Chair; Silence bc-
inf made, Brofiley the Chancellor turning towards her, faid,

^MADAM, The rnofi llluftrious ^een e/ England being ajjurdy
not without extream Jnguijh of Spirit, that yon ha-ve confpired the
^eftrudionof her, of the Realm of England and of Religion: To
auit her {elf of her Duty, and not to he found wanting to God, her [elf
fl'nd her People, hath, without dny Malice of Heart, ejlahlijhed tbofe
Commifsioners to hear (he Things of which you are accusd, how yon
zvill refohe them and clear your Innocence- To which flie made this

Reply- r ■ r ■

If the ^eenmj Sifter hath gtvfn you a Commtjston tojee JuJIice

done, it is reajonMe thai' you Jhould begin it rather by eafmg me of my
Sufferings, ' then bj the opprefsmg' of my Innocence. I came into Eng-
land to mphh StlcCour' agdinft the Rebellion of my Sub jeSls : Mj Bloody
alliance, iex:. Neighbourhood, and the Title which I bear' of d ^ffw,
dtdfromife me all Satis faB ion : and here I hanje met with my great ejl
ylfHiffion. This is the Twentieth Tear that Ihanje been detain dPri-
foner, without Caufe, without Reafon, without Mercy ; and which is
^ore, ■ without Hope. I am no Stibje^ of your Mijlrejss, but a free
md abfolute Queen r and ought not to make anfwer but to God alone j
the Sovereighjudge of my ^^lons', of bring any Prejudice to the Cha-
taiier of Royal e^aiefy, either in fhy Son the King of Scotland or
his Succefjors, nor other Sovereign Princes of the Earth. This is the
Proteftatton which I hdve made, ' and which J repete again in your Pre-
fertce, before I make any jinfwer to what you have to [ay again fi me.
The Chancellor oppofcd the Admitting of her Proteflation; but
the Commidioners voted, that both her Proteftation and the Chan-
cellor's E^iflfent fhould be recorded. Then Gaudie expounded all
the Parts of the Ad: upon which they were to proceed againft her,
and gave along Narrative of Babingtons Conlpiracyj concluding',
That Queen dpidary not only knew of it, but concurred with him
in it, as it appeared from her Letter to Babirtgton, and the Confef^
fion oi her own Secretaries : That fhe had engaged foreign Princes
to invade England, and promifcd and wrote to Mendoxi,a the Spa-
ftijh Ambaflador, That fhe would transfer the Right of the Kingdom
of Scotland to his Mafter, To all which fhe made particular Re-
plies, anfweriiTg all their Obje(5bions and enfnaring Queflions j
which are to be feen at length in Mr. Vdal and Cambden, (j) taken
from the Commentaries of Edward barker, principal Rcgifler t(y

<<) S« Udili l.«f» of Q; M«yi *<"• C»inW|n'« of Q- Elmbeth.

Vo'. Hi. The Life of MAR Y, i^een 0/ Scug.ji^T' ]

Qiiccn Eliz^ahetb., Thomas Wheeler^ a publick Notar)-, Regifteiot a"^,^;;*
the Audience oi' Canterbury, and other Perfons who were prcfent : '^^'Vv
The Sum and Siibftancc of which is, That, as for Babington, luho
was the principal Perjon in the Charge again ft her; ft^e never Jaw
htm, or received any Letters from htm, or fent any Letters to him 'y
le^rfes. J]:e had always juch anoAverfion dgainft (^^urdering and
(^Ittr I.erers, that the very Mentioning of the Tl)ing zvas a Terror to
htr : Tts true that Babington might have writ to^'her what he plea'
jed'^ but thit ever fhe \aw or heard of any Letter from htm, was a
notorious Vntruth : aAnd that if any Letter could be produc'd under
her Hind to him, not with ftanding that had been often counterfeitedy
ft:e dared them to produce it , and this fhe [aid, becaufe Jhe Was in-
formed that WaUingham had wrote the faid Letter tn her Name.
u4nd as to BabingtonV own Confejfion of the Matter of Fa6i; 'twas
no ftrange Tiling to fee a <^an under the Terrors of a cruel and tor-'
taring 'T)ejth, confefs more than he knew to ftun them: But as fhe
had ftid, If they could produce but one Letter under her Hand tohim^
fhe Jhould be held as convinced. u4nd as to the Fa£i it felf^ of Con-
jenting to the Murdering of her Sifler ; She told them. That fhe would
not conquer a Kingdom with the Blood of the vtleftTerfon of the Na-
tion, mui h lefs with that of her Sifter and Kinjwoman.

And as to che Confcllion of her two Secretaries^ She acknowledged
that ft e did always believe them to be hone ft Men : And if they had
accufed her in their Dcpofttions, to have dilated an Anfwet to Ba--
h\w^xov\s Letter, they had committed two great Faults ; the fir ft, in
Violating the Oath of Secrecy which they had taken to her at their
yddmijfion ; and idly, in Inventing [0 deteftable a Calumny againft
her their Sovereign and their Miftrijs ; And all that can be drawn
from it, amounts to no more, than that tt comes fr$m two perfidious
oy'lden. And, 0 good God ! (fays fhe) in zvhat a defperate Condition
is the (*^lajefty and Safety of Princes, if they depend upon the Writings
and Witnefes of their Secretaries, who are fub^ed to all the Frailties
tfjat other e^en are fubje6t to! And laftly. Why did they not bring
her Secretaries before her, to atteft it in her Face ; which fhe was con-'
ft 'ent they durft not do ; But (tays flie) you are noble Lawyers and
fudgts, to put Babington to death without bringing him before me; to
open his c^outh by Torments to tell a Lie, and then to fhut it up for
ever againft the Truth. And if my Secretaries be alive, why do you
not {as I have faid) bring them before me ?

And as to the Invading oi England ;. I acknozviedge I did require
the Aid and <iA[ ft fiance of foreign Princes, for reftoring we to my
Libert;) ; and in this, I think, 1 did nothing but what Nature does fug-^
gefi to every one : li^o is not defirous of Liberty that are in Tliraldom ?
I am no Subjeii to your Ghteen ; ■ I have been thefe fnnny Tear's her Pri-
foner : The many OftersThave rnade to her have been rejeded; ■ my
Sicknejjes have mcreafed on me, and I have been denyd Aid and AJ-
fiftance tn them : And is tt fuch a Crime in me as deferyes joarCon->
Jiiderationf to defirc to be Jet at Liberty ? And laftly, A/ to the Gi-

S fi r Vjng

^4<^ The Life of MARY, Gljieen o/" Scotland. Vol. flf.

J^f')^ ving over licr Kingdom to the K. o( Spain ; The very Mentioning of

*''V*<' jt is a Juffcint Refutation of it : I had not my own Per Jon at my T;//-

Vojal, mtuh lefs my Kingdom ; hefides, 'tis 'very well knozun, that it

is not in my Pozver to transfer my Kingdom^ which is an Hereditary

Kingdom, and of right belongs to my own Son after my ^Dcath.

And here I muft advcrtife my Reader, That as to tins laft Article,
that I have an attcfted Copy, under the Englip Commifl'jr's f lands,
of her Letter to Mendoz^a, wherein fhe promifes to transfer the
Kingdom tohisMafter; which they pretended to have found, with
many other Letters, when they feized upon iicr Perfbn and all her
Papers : All which attcfted Copies of thefe Letters, I had from the
Rif;ht Honourable the Earl ot Halcarras, who found them in his
Cliarter-cheft, his Grandfather being Secretary to Kin^ Tames; and
at the Defite of the faid Noble Earl, 1 have lodged them in the
Lawyers Library. Now, I leave it to the Reader to judge, if it be
any ways probable, that they fhould find them witli her; or if it
be more reafonable to believe them than Her, who when they were
produc'd, denied them to be any of Her's, and with Her dying
Breath affirmed. That fhe had never done any Thing that was pre-
judicial either to the Kingdom or her Son.

' Yet, notwitliftanding of which, thev having all met, fa)s Mr.

* {a) Vdal, {diV\n^i\\Q.Y.?i.\\s o^ Shrewsbury znd Warwick^ who were

* lick ; and after that Navus and Curlus had affirmed and confir-

* med before them, That every and fingular of the Letters and Co-
' pies of Letters which were produc'd before, to be moft true, upon

* theii Oaths, 'uiva 'voce, voluntarily, without Hope of Reward ;
The s.n- ' the Sentence againfl; the Queen of Scotland was pronounced, and

rg"!^''Her, ' confirmed with the Seals and Subfcriptions of the Commiffioners,

r.ab7Aa* and recorded in thefe Words, By their AJent, Confent and ay^c-

' cord, they do pronounce, gi've and fay their Sentence and Judgmenr^

* at the T>ay and Place laft rehear fed : That after the End of the a-

* forefaid Sejfion of Parliament fpectfied tn the aforefaid Commiffon^

* viz. after the aforefaid Ftrft T>ay of June, in the l-fth Tear afore-

* faid, and before the Date of the faid Commiffion, divers Things

* ivere imagined and compared within this Realm of England, by An-

* thony Babington, zvith the Privacie o/"Mary §lneen oy'' Scotland ;

* and pretending Title to the Crown of this Realm of England ; tcnd-

* ing to the Plurt, Death and Defiru6iiion of the Royal P erf on of our

* Ladie the ^Jteen : For all which, they decern her zvorthie of Death.

* Of this Sentence, which depended wholly upon the Credit of

* her Secretaries ; neither were they brought Face to Face, accord-
' ing to the Firft Statute of the 13 Year of Qnzen EHz^abeth, there

* was very much Speech and Difference amongft them; fomc judg-

* ing them worthy of Credit, and others again, unworthy to be be-

* lieved. I have feen feen the Apology of Navus, written unto K-

* fames in the Year i<5o5 in the which ht doth laborioufly excufc
« himfelf, in protefling. That he was neither Author nor Perfwadcfr

' nor

■f I'lrUr
Ihtat,

(.«> ijii; 01 <^»i»»/, i'ige 40J, Kc

Vol. III. The Life of MAKY, Gltteen of Scotland. ^^-^

* nor firfl Difcoverer of that Plot or Device; neither that he fail'd '^^T^

* at all in his Duty, thro' Negligence or Incircumfpcdtion ; but ra- ^'

* ther that he ftoutly did impugn the Heads of the Accufation a-

* gainft his Lady this Day: Which Thing yet dqth not apoear hj

* the publick Records. " . Thus far Mr. Vdai And Cambden, in
his Life of Queen Bliz^ahtth, fays, ' That it cannot be denied, buc
' that Walfmgham did break up the Letters which Giffort brought

* him, counterfeiting in them what he thought fit ; and that it was

* thejudgmentofthemoft rational Men, that the Secretaries of the
' Qiieen of Scotland, were feduced and corrupted with Money ;
« and it's certain, That they demanded a Recompenfe of Walfing-
' hame ; who told them. That they ought to content themfelves
< with their Lives 5 and added, That in condemning their Miflrifs;
« without producing WitnefTes, they had not proceeded according
' to the Rules of Juftice. Not long after this, a Parliament was

* 'held at Weftminflcr, who approved of, and confirmed the Sen-
' tence paft againll i\\& Scots Queen; howfoever it was fufpended

* for three Months, during which Time her Son King James VL

* laboured carneftly for ' her Relief, as wc fhall fhow in tne Life of
' that Prince".

Our Illuflrious Queen being informed of the Parliament's confir-
rninf^ their Sentence, wrote the following Letter to Q. Eliz,abeth.

MADAM,

I give Thanks to God with all my Heart) who by the Sentence of
Death, hath been pleafed to put an End to the tedious Pilgri-
ma<^e of my Life, I defire not that it may be prolonged, having
ha j' too long a Time to try the Bitterncfs of it. I only befecch your
Maiefly, fince I am tp expedl no Favour from fome zealous Mini-
flers of State, who hold the firfl Place in your Councils, I may re-
ceive from you only, and from no other, thefe following Favours.
In the firfl Place, I defire. That fince it is allow'd me, to hope for
a Biirial in England, that I may be decently interred, according to
the Rites and Ceremonies of theCatholick Church, of which I am
a Member, and in which Faith, all your PrcdeccfTors and mine li-
ved and died; and when my Enemies are fatisfied with thefhedding
of my Blood, That my Servants may be allowed, to carry my Bones
into trance, to be there interred, with the Bones of the Queen my
mofl Honoured Mother. Secondly, I befeech your Majefly, in the
Apprehenfion which I have of the Tyranny of thofe towhofePoxv-
cr you abandon' me, That I may nor fuflfer in any private Place, bup
in the View of my Servants and other People ; who may give a Te-
ftimony of my Faith, and of my Obedience to the true Church,
and defend this Period of my life, , againft the falfe Reports which
my Adverfaries may contrive againfl me. In the third Place, I re-
quire, That my Servants who have attended on mc, with great Fi-
delity, during fo many Affli^ions, mav have free Leave to retire
%ljei6 xJ)C/ plciifc, and enjoy thofe fmall Legacicsy which in my laft

348 The Lift of MARY, blueen of Scotland. Vol. HI

A^^. Will, my Poverty hatli bcqueatlicd to them. I conjufe you, Ma-
^^"V^ dam, by the Blood of Jcfus Chrift, by the Ncamcfsof our Confan-
puiniry, by the Memory of Henry the yth our common Father, and
bv the Title of a Qiieen, which 1 carry to niy (iravc, not to deny
me thcfe reafonable Demands, but by one Word under your Hand,
to grant me an AlTurance of them, and I {hall die as I lived,

Your moft affe(5lionate Sifltr,

ts^MyiRT R.

At length Queen EHz^abeth gave Orders to put iier Prifoner,
our Illuftrious Queen, to Death j and how Die behaved at that
Time, I fhall give the Reader a particular Account of, from a Re-
lation wrote by an Eye Witnefs, by Secretary Cectts Command, and
from a printed Relation of another Eye Wiincfs, printed at Antwerp
the Year after.

It being certified ro her on the 6i\\ of February 1587, by the

Earls of Kent and Shreiusburry^ Sir j4mias Toivlet, and Sir T)rw

Mec B.h.. TSyuyyj^ That (he was to prepare her felt to die on the 8th of Febrtta-

wiour ti her *^' J'^ , *^r ,, ■ i \ \ i rr -i

De.th, y.y- (he fcemed noways concerned, but received the Meflage with a
Smile, and laid, Tl^at Death was zvelcome to her, fince her Majejiy
lOOPtld have it fo ; and [a) that Soul is unworthie of the Fruition of
the Joys of Heaven for ever, zuhoje Bodte tn this li'orld, zvould not
be content, to endure the Stroke 0/ the Executioner for a a^loment.
Then (he defired. That fhe might have the Liberty to. confer with
her Confeftor, about the State of her Soul, arid with a^elvin her
Steward, concerning her Teflament. And required, That fhe might
have fome longer Time allowed her to put ner Affairs in order :
"But the Earl of Shrewsbury replied, No, No, Madam you mufl
die, you mufl die, and we cannot grant longer Delay, nor your
ConfefTor ; but we fhall fend you tiie Dean of Peterburrou/h : But
fhe would not hear of him, and fo they left her. When they were
gone, fhe commanded them to make Hafle with her Supper, and
fhe fuppcd fparin^ly ; but after the fame Manner that fhe ufually
did. In Time of^iipper, perceiving her Servants all in Tears, with
an undaunted Mind, fhe exhorted them to be chearful, and father
to rejoice than mourn, for fhe was now to be freed from all het
Sorrows and Troubles. Then calling for a Glafs of Wine, fhe
drank to them all, and made each of tiiem pledge her ; which they
did upon their Knees, mingling their Tears witli their Wine, and
begging Pardon for the Neglect of their Duty. After Supper fhe
read over her Teflament, and the Inventary of iier Goods and
Moveables, and wrote on them, the Names of thofe to whom fhe
appointed them ; and the Gold and Silver that fhe had, fhe put in
different PuiCcs, according to the Number of her Servants, and
according to their Merits and Qualities, and diflributcd it amongfl

them.

(<) Tho ReUrton iojCltil, <o CrawfoorJ'i ColljOlon..

ybl. ni The Life of MARY, ^ ueen of Scotland. ^c;

them. Then flie called for Peii Ink and Paper, and wrote ro her rww
Son, the King of /r^w^, the'C7«//a, and a Lettef to her Conf^lTor, vv^^
to pray to God for h^r. After this fhe went to Bed, and' fleepc
loundly for fome Hours, and the reft of the Night /he fpehc m
Prayer. The fatal Day being come, betwixt 8 and 9 in the Mor-
ning fhe was advertifed, by Thomas ^ndrezvs Sheriff of the Shire
whilft fhe was at her Prayers, that the Hour was come : Upon which
fhe immediately arofc and went aldngft with him. R. ly. the Au-
thor of the Narration wrote by Secretary Cecits Command, which
is amongft MuCrawfor-d's CoUfedlions in the Lawyers Library, ojves
Us this Account of Her: ' She appeared (fays he) on the Day ap-
' pointed ; being tall of Body/ corpulent, round-fhoulder'd / her

* Face fat and broad, double-chin'd and ha2le-eyed, her borrowed

* Hair brdwn. Her Attire was) She had on her Head a Dreffing of

* Lawn, edged with Bonlace, a Pomander Chain and an y^^nus

* Dei about her Neck j a Grucifi)^ in her Hand, and a Pair of Beads

* at her Girdle, with a golderi C.rofs at the End of them ; a Veil

* of Lawn faftned to her Caul^' bowed out with Wire, and edrred

* round about with Bonlace; her Gown was of Black Sattin prihred

* with a Train, and long Sleeves to the Ground, fett with Accorn

* Burtons of Jett, trimm'd with Pearl, and fhort Sleeves of blac^cut
« Satttin,', with a Pair' (if Sleeves of Purple-velvet whole; under
' theni heriKirtle, whole of figured black Sattin ; her Pettiiat Up'-
' per-bodf ufilac^ed in die Back, of Crimfon Sattin, and her Petticoat
« Skirts of Crimfon Velvet; her Shoes of J);^«/7Z» Leather, with the
«■ rbugh'Side^outwtirds,' a Pair of green; Silk Garters ; her nether
' StockingsWbrftedcoloui'ed, watched' and clack'd with Silver, and

* edg^d'oii the Tdb'witli Silver; and next her Lee, a Pair of^ fer-

* fey UoCdWne} 'T^hiis attired fhe went chearful^ ro the Place of

* Execution,- being gently fupported by tvia o( S\r Jmiar Pozvlef's
" ehief Geiltl'^mcn;'' iMr. oAndrews the High Sheriff going before
' her.' ShfcWs met' at'the Great Hall by tne'two Earls and all the

* reft.

At the 'Entry to. the Hall, ihe found her Servant c5Wf/t;/7 kneel-
ing, who, all in Tearls,>addreftcd her thus^; <iAhM(idam1 Unhap-
py me, what Man oh Earth was^civer before tile MelTenger of fuch
important' Sorrow dfid Heavincfs as I fhiiU be, , when. L report that
my go6d ahd gracibif!?Q.ueen-and Miftfifs is beheaded irt £«//;,««'/
Alia tlier^ he ftopt, not being' able tt» fay more for Weeping. Then
fhcfaid to hiiVi, My good Servant^ ceafe to lamerir"; for thou Hafl
Gaiife rather to rQJo^Ce thaft mdurh, fdi^ nol^ thoii fhait fee I\/hry
i>«/Jrf's Troubles receive their I'ohg expelled £nd ; Yor kriow, my
good Servant," that all ih(? Wbrtd is but Vanity, and (fiBje'dffi'ilftO
rrjdre Sorrow than an'Ocean of Tears cari btwiil I But I pray the?,
^ari'y this Meftagef^i^m me, That ^ I d6 die a true Woman' to my
fldljgidri, !4nd like a^ c?rtii(i6i ScotUhd and Prance. BfitGod'fbt-
giVc theiVi thai! have Johg'defircd my Lifc^hd thiff^ed fpr ftty^Blood,'
anhc^Hmidbth'for'thc'Wate^yrooks: q Godf thoir who in the

T 1 1 c Au-

^^o

The Life of UKKX, Gluten of Scotland V(,|. |(f.

f^'^'^^ Author of Truth and Truth icfelt, . lyiows t!»e inward Chamber o£
^J"^^ mvThougl^s, how that I was ever, .willing thac J'c:o//<r/;^y and En^-^
land fhould be united together. Well! com/nend me to my Son,
and tell him, That I have done nothing prejudicial to the State and
Kingdom of Scotland. Good Mehtll farewell ; and tlien flic L'.avo
him her Hand to kifs, and was obferv'd to drop fome Tears Cwliicli
\vas thought to proceed from the Mentioning of her Son.^ Thco
(he faid again, Good Mehil^ farewell, and pray for thy Miftrisand
Queen. Then turning to the Lords, ihe told them, that fhc iiad
fome few Things to ask of them) One was for a Sum of Money,
which, (he faid, Sir jirnias Powlef knew fhe owed to one Curl her
Servant: Next, That her poor Servants might have, and enjoy
with Quietnefs, what fhe had given them by her Will and Tefla-
ment; That they might be favourably treated, and fcnt fafely to
their rerpe(5f ive Countries : And laflly, That her poor Servants might:
be permitted to be prefent at her Death ,; that their Eyes might he*
hold and their Hearts be Witneffes, how patiently their Queen and
Miflris fhould endure her Execution, that thereby they mij^ht be a-
ble to make a Relation, when they came to their own Countries^
how fhe died a true conf\ant Catholick to her Religion. The Earl
oi Kent told her, That if that were granted, either by their Speech-
es or Pra(flicc, they might do Things that were not fitting for them
to allow, if it were no more than the fuperflitious Trumperv of dip-
ping their Handerchiefs in her Blood. To which fhe replied, My
lord, I will give my Word (altho' it be but dead) that they fhall
not defervc any Blame in any of the Adlions you have named; but
alas! poor Souls, it would do them good to bid their Miflrifs Farej
well: And 1 1 hope your Miflris, beine a Maiden-Queen, will vouch-
iab, in regard of Womanhood^ that I fjiould have fome of my
own People about me at my Death : And I know her Majefly hatli
not given you any fuch And: Command, but that you might grant
me a Requell of a far greater Courtefy than this, tho' I were a Wo-
man of a far meaner Station than the Queen of Scotland is : And
perceiving that fhe was not like to obtain it, fhe burfl forth in Tears,
faying, / am Coufm to your §ueeny and descended from yoitr Blood
J?oy(7/ Henry VIl and a married Qjieen o/' France, and an anoint edy
^«f^» o/" Scotland : Then the Lords, after feveral Confultations

f ranted her Requeft, and defired her to choofe a few of her own
ervants: And fhe made choice of Mehil^ her Phyfician and her
Apothecary, her Surgeon and another old Man y and of her Wo-
men, two that us'd flill to lie in the Room with her. Then, fup-
ported by Sir oAmias Poivlet's two Servants, and Mehil carrying
up, her Train, fhe went into the Great Hall with an unparallel'd Cou-
rage and Serenity of Countenance; the Sheriff, Lords, Knights and
Gentlemen going before her. She went up to the Scaffold, which
was two Foot high, and twelve Foot broad, with Rails round abour,
hung and covered with Black, with alowChair andaCufhion; the
Block was likewife ^ovQrcd with Black : Then fhe having the Chair

brought

Vol. III. The Life o/MAKY, Q^uein of 5c6tland-. "^ JJ}

bQuglu to her, fliefac down, and on her Kight-hand flood , tlio
,l:arls oi Kent and Shrewsbury, and on her Left Mr. Jndrews i\\q
ShcrifT, and oppofite to her the two Executioners, ' and rounj the
Kails a great many Knights, Gentlemen and others : Silence being
made, Qiieen tliz,abet)js tommiflion for the Execution, was read
by Mr. Sf.jf/ Clerk of the Council ; and after it was done, all the
People with a loud Voice cried, God Jave the Qjteen. During the
reading of the Commiflion, fhe was very filent, lillning to it withfb
carelels a Regard, and fuch acliearful Countenance, as if it had
been a Rcmiffion to her. , . / ,

Then Docftor fletcher. Dcin of Peter i^orou^h, flandin{» diredlly be^'
fore her, without the Kails, bending his Body with^great Keve-
rence, gave her a long Exhortation j which fhe interrupted three
•f i.nes, by telling hiiii, Mr. Dean, do hot Trouble yourfelfor me, for
kfjo-v, that jam fettled in the ancient Catholick ^ Roman Reliaton; iri
Defence zchereof, bj Cod's Grace, J wind iofpend my Bloodi And not-
witiiflanding of the earneft SoUicitations of the Dean, backed with
that of the two Earls, fhe would not join in Prayer with them, buc
pray*d aloud in Latin all the Time ; and when the Dean was donc<
flie kncel'd and pray'd in Englifh, for Chrifl's affli(fl:ed Church, for
(^ueen Eliz,.ibeth and her Son : Then holding up the Crucifix whicli
flie had in her Hand, flie faid, *J"W /he hoped to befaved in, and
b) the Blood of Jefns Chrifl, at the Foot ofzvhofe Crucifix Jhe zvould
fhtd her Blood. After Praj'er fhe kifted the Crucifix, and figningher
felf with t(ie Ciofs, fhe faid. Even as thy zArms Jefus C^rift was.
Jpread here upo^ the Crofs^ Jo receive me, I befeech'thee, in the Arms
of thy Mercy,' and forgive me all my Sins. ., Then forgiving the jgxe-
cutioners, and all her' Enemies, fhe haftncd her Maids to taJce of her
upper Garments,' and finding that they could not refrain frorri Weep-
ing mofl bitterly, arid crying ^Idud, ihe gently^ reproved them,
faying. She had paft^her Word for them And then fignihg theni witli
the Crdfs, Iheenibfaced them, IcifTed them, and with aSmile^bad
them Piiirewell. ' rHjeV Face being covered with a Llnnen Cloath, fhe
laid hef Head down Ut)oh the Block, fhe repeated aloud the 2ifl
Pfalm, In the O Lord 1 put myfru^ ; and ftretchingoui; her Arm?,
altfer Iljie had fepcjated the whole Pfalm, repeating again tjie 5th
Vafe, Vhtb tioirie }4apds 0 Lord I commit my Spirit, thou hafl rc-
detnied frie, O Lord God. of Truth i [Which was^ tjie Sign tha,t fhe
j|ppoint<?d for thd Executionei' i who gave her thVee, Strokes with tW
Ax, before he fepal'i'ted her ; Head from 'Her Body,, -llicn taking jip
tile Head, he fhowed it ppehly all full of Blood, .arid mangled w^th
the Strokes he had given it, yet ftill carrying thofe attractive GKarais
<if BeaCity and Mijcfty, that wefe (6 confptc'uous m her ; j^rid with
a loud Voicci he laid, i!>o«/ 't!ive Qj*eenEi\zsL\?ej:\i^'; and J9 let thf
Entmtes bf the Gofpft\perl{h\ '\imca Words were repeated bv the
Dean and rhe'twdl^aHsV for dl tlie teft of ihc'Sp?(5la'tb>s vwe
difrolv^d' iW.Tw^$;;'fdr ajii(ingfVthefTi'aIl, there were hot above foui
able td' contain th'eriiielvfes'Aoni weepir/jg tooft bitierfy j yet amidft

t c ( t Zi tbcil

551 The Lift 0/ MARY, Clj4een of Scotland Vol. Ill

Ai;:^^» tl^gjf Pears, f>ie fhowcd fuch a Serenity' and Firmncfs of" Soul, that
^^*^ is hard to be imitated, telling the Spectators witli a Smile, when
her Maids >vere undrelling her for her Execution, TIjat it was a new
Spectacle y to' behold a Qjjeen brought to die upon a Scaffold;, and that
pe ujed not tdbeundrefl before {o great a Company, and to have two
Hang-men to attend her for her Grooms of the Bed-chamber : But
( fays flie ) We mufl Jubwtt to rvhat ' Heaven is pleaded to have done,
and obey the Decrees of the Titvine Providence- There was one re-
markable Thing which happened at her Execution, and which
ought not to be omitted, and that is the ftrangeand furprifing in-
ftinift of a little Dog that fhe had, whom they could never (epa-
rare from her, without doing Violence to her Majefty, fheltring
hiihfelf always beneath her Royal Robes, and when the Blood be-
gan to How about him/ he lapt fom'e of it, and would never af-
terwards be induced to tafte Meat or Drink, but died for Grieh

Thus died M^O' '^^^'^^^ ^"^^" °^ ^co/Z^W, the only Daughter
of- fames V. King of Scotland, znd Mary de Lorain, Grand-child
to tlie thrice vertuous Antometa of 'Burbon (a Queen fays Caujjin)

* who in my Judgment,' hath equalled the Exccfs of her Difafters,

* with the Height of her Gloiy ; and it fccms her whole Life was
* 'no other, but a Theatre hung round with Blacks, and covered

* with Blood, where the Revolution of humane Affairs, did a6t un-

* heard of Tragedies. I>Iever did Nature produce more Beauties,
♦not Grace more "Wonders, in a Perfon of that high Condition.

* Never did Fortupe deal, more rigoroufly with a Head, which Hea-
< yen had made to fupport three great Crowns. In her Infancy-

* fhe; was as the Bud of a Rbfc, her hidden Graces not being dif-

* clof^d ; biit as fhe began to lay them more open by the Increafe

* 'of ^406, Wetnight then behold a Princefs defcended from the Blood
' bfa^nndred Kings ; who had a Body formed and fafhioned by

* the Hand of Beauty, a fine and clear Spirit, a deep and a found

* Judgment, a high Virtue, and incomparable Grace in all her Ex-

* jji-efliofis ; and in one Word, it feemcd, that FeUcity it felf, had

* with full Hands, poured down her Favours upon her, till this glo-

* fibiis Hower was blafted; but as long asTruth or Virtue, or Men

* fhtiir Continue upon the Earth, that Wpund fhall Bleed, as long as

* there'fhall be Eyes or Tear? m this Vale of Mifery, there shall be

* Tears diflilled; on thofe Royal Ashes j and the Piety of the living,

* ihall never Ceafe with fiiU'Hands, to ftrew Lilies and Violets and'

* Kb'feis on her' Tomb. M^r)i whorn fleaven abfolveth, doth now

* commence ari eternal Procefs againft EliZjabeth, she shall be'

* b'rought before as many Tribunals, as there are reafonable Spirits,

* and shall daily be condemned, "without endingof her Mifery; be-

* caufe sljie put no end to her Injufticc, it feerrieth that God did ex-

* frefly'give her, a long Life, zs to Cain, to Herod, to Tiberius and

* other' Tyrants,' to fill up the Meafure of her Iivquity, to pofTefs a

* bloody Sceptre amongfl Jealoufies, Alfrights and Defiances', and

• to

(«) Holy Cou':, Life of Qseeo M»ry.

Alt I j?7.

Vol. Ill rije Life of MARY, G^ueen o/^ Scotland. ^^

' to fee her Hell alive: Wheiiatlaft, ftooping to thelmpotenc/ of
' Age, and Higlited by her own Creatures, she wouFd often com-
^ plain, Tliut all the World did abandon her, and that she had not
' one left in whom she might repofe her Confidence. And, Great
' God! how juft andmyfterious art thou in all thy Ways, who made

* the Offspring of Mary fuccced and poffefs hot only her own, buc

* her Enemy's Throne.

Sir Thomas Craig (a) who knew well our IlluftrioUs Queen, be-
ing one of her Privy Counfellors, fpeaking of her, fays, 'liiaveof-

* ten heard the mofl: Serene Princefs Mary Queen of ScttUnd, dif-

* courfe To appofitely and rationally, in all Affairs which were broughc
' before the Priyy Council, that fhe was admir'd by all ; and when
' mod of the Counfellors were filenr, being aftoniflted, they ftraighc
' declared thcmfelves to be ot her Opinion ; fhe rdbuked them

* sharply, and exhorted them to fpeak freely, as becomes unpreiu-
' diced Counfellors, againft her Opinion, that the beft Reafons
' only might over-rule their Determinations : And truly, her Rea-

* fonings were fo ftrong and clear, diat fhe could turo their Hearts

* to what Side she pleas d. She had not fludied Law; and yct^

* by the natural Light of hef Judgment, when she reafoned of Mat-
' ters of Equity and Juftice, shd oft-times had the Advantage of

* the ablefl Lawyers. Her other Difcourfes and AcffionS were fuit-

* able to her great Judgment: No Word ever dropt from her
' Mouth that was not exadtly Weighed and pdndered. As for her
' Liberality and other Virtues, they \yere well known.

But at this Time no more fhall be faid of her : And indeed I need
fay no more of her either ; for fhould I collea: all the Elogiums
that have been made updn her, I would naufeate rny Reader witli
her Praifes : Only I fhall add, That the Reafon why' I have put her
among the lUuftrioiis Writers of our Nation, is, becaufe of her ma-
ny excellent and Divine Poems and letters, wrote in French, Latiriy
Jtalians and Engl'tjh : In all which J^anguages she was perfedly well
verfed. And fhe Beauties of her Mind were more bright and glo-
rious than thofe of h6r Body, which was a Mafter-piece of Nature.
Many Latin Epitaphs Were made upon her, and great Numbers o£
Poems ; but I shall only take notice of Six of them, that have the
Approbation of being MafleV-pieces in their Kind: TheFirft iswhac
was fixed upon her Grave, bur immediately taken away when difco-.
vcrcd.

(^ARJ^ Scot or tint Regina, Regis Bit a;

Regts Gallorum Vidita 5 Regina Anglia

uignata (^ H&res proxima ; 'virtuttbiis

Regiis ^ ariimo Regio ornata :

Jure regio.frufira Jcefius implorato, bar bar a,

(^ tyrannica crndelitate, OrnamentUm nojlri

Sxculi, (^ Lumen vere ^egifim.extinguitur :

Eodemqtie nefario judicio, o t^^ria Scotorum Regina,

V V V V Mor-

(/j Oa'I'i AaTwc to OoinuBp C'/. lo. f. I4.

An. mS;.

354 The Lift 0/ M A R Y, ^een of Scotland. Vol. Ill

^— ii^— — ^— ' ' ■»

Morte naturali, ^ omnts [upcrftites Regcs
rlcbeii fa^fiy morte chili mul(lantnr.
Novum ^ inauditum Tumuli genus, in quo
Cum 'vivis mortui includuntur, hie extnt :
Cum [acris enim T>ivi MariA cineriius, omnium
Regum at que Principum -vioUtam atque pro [I rat am
Majejlatem hie jncere feito : ^ quia taeitum Regale
Satis fupercfue Reges fui ojjicii monet,
Plura non addoy Viator.

TIjat is to fay,

MART Queen of Scotland, Daughter of a King, Widow of the
King of France, Kinfwoman and next Heir to the Queen oi Eng-
land; adorned with Royal Virtues and a Princely Spirit ; Having
often, but in vain, implored to have the Right due to a Prince done
unto her, the Ornament of our Age and Mirror of Princes, by a
barbarous and tyrannical Cruelty, is cut off; and by one and the
fame infamous Judgment, both Mary Qjeen of Scotland is puni-
shed with a natural Death, and all Kings living, as well as other
Men, made liable to a Civil Death. A ftrange and unheard of
Grave is here, in which the Living are included with the Dead; for
with the Ashes of rliis blelfed Mary, know thou, tliar the Majefty
of all Kings and Princes are dcprerfed and violated : And becaufe
the Regal Secret doth fufKciently admonish all Kings of their Duty,
Traveller, I will (ay no more.

Great Search Avas made for the Author of this Epitaph, but he
could not be difcovered ; but it was afterwards found to be com-
pofed by the Famous Adam 'Blackwood : Who compofed the two
toUowing Epitaphs likewife upon her.

H I C jacet Maria Scotorum Regina, Regis Ftlia, Vxor ^ Mater ^
Irancifci ]I. Galliarum Regis Vidua : njixit annos xliv. ac menfet
prope duos. Nat a eft -enim Idib. Decern. 1 541. Redu^a in Galliam
menfe Augufio 1545. Rediit inScptiam eodemmenfe 15JI. In An-
gliamdefcendit, auxilii fpe ^ opinione a cognat^promifft, i6Calencl.
^unii 1568. Ibidem contra jus gentium, < contra promijji fdem, annos
undeviginti retenta, hofpitis execrabtU jujju neci tradita, fan^uinis li-
ber aliter effufi teflimonio, T>ei cultum, (S Ecclefi^, Romans pdem pro-
fej]a, coronam meruit in Coelis, iliis tribus illupriorem quarum ufum
njiolenter ami fit in terris. Mane fub horam decimam^ 1 2, Calend.
Mart. 1587. Supputatione Gregoriana, qua' nunc utuntur Chrifliani.
Ex nobilifsimis ^ antiquifsimis Stuarts ^ Lotherens, familiis orta :
Latine, Galliee, Scotice, Angliee, Hijpanice, Jtalice do^a : inter om-
nes fu& Atatis Reginas admtrabili ^ incomparabili corporis pnlchri-
tudtne prtidita. Denique, quondam Galliarum ^ ScottA florentijsim^f

Re-

Vol. III. The Life of MARY, §lueen of Scotland. "^

Retina, nunc njero fpedfacutum rerum hnmanttrum fatta. Vale, ^ r^\,r\
a Tachrimis, fi quis humanitatis fenfus in te e/?, Viator {fi fotes) Crsl^*
tempera.

^at is to fay,

Here lies Mary Q^e^no^ Scotland, the Daughter, Wife and Mo-'
tlier of a King, Widow to Francis II. King of France. She lived
44 Years, and nigh two Months. She was born upon the Ides of
December 154^' and carried over to France in die Month of ^uaufi
1548. She returned to J'cor/*?^^ in the fame Month 1 561. SheHed
into England, upon Hopes promifed of AffiRance againft her Ene-
mies, given to her by herKinfwoman, on the idth of the Calends
of June 1 568. Where, contrary to the Law of Nations and the
Faith given to her, she was kept Prifoncr for 19 Years; and at length,
by the execrable Command of her Hofl, was executed by the Hand
of the Hangman : Having deferved, by the plentiful Effufion of her
Blood, her Zeal for the Worfhip of God, and Faith of the RomiJJi
Church, a more glorious Crown in Heaven, than the Three thac
ftie was violently hindred from pofTefsing upon Earth. She fuffer'd
about Ten of the Clock in the Morning, upon the 11 of the Ca-
lends of March 1 587. according to the Cregorian Calculation, now
ufed by the Chriflians. She was fprung from the noble aild apcient
Families of Stuart and Lorain. She was learned in the Latin, French^
Scots, Engltjh, Spanijh and Italian Languages : In the admiral)le
and incomparable Beauty of her Body, Ihe excelled all the Queens
of her Age. This m oft beautiful Queen, who was tlie Glory and
Pride of France and Scotland, is now become the Objedl of human
Frailty. Farewell Traveller: And if you have any Senfe of Huma-
nity or Compaffion in you, endeavour Cif it be pofliblc) to mode-
rate your Tears.

The Other >i$,

VJ ATO R quifquii^ hie te volt Lapis conjiflert^

Cavefts pergas, donee eju^relas hafce p^Uegix*.
(*^A R 14. STV A R TA, vita intcrimr,

Occido prAte^-'Atatem^ ordinenu

Vah! maniis oppleta mortalitas,

Vitaque faxhre araneartfm operis..
'§lutd^ jwoat mi dtiplici potitam Sceptre,

Si lujlra prope quatuor. inter cufiodiasi

Pa-vcns intus (5 for mi dans,

Torrts, exhAreS fa£la viti, tneA; raptor ad Carpifictrnf
oApage facraM parenticid^m,

^a nemo faminarum r^iagii mmtfefcors, Cluit *
Egone viator, te celemtjlius tntemperias,

^A malt-Solent e nai^gcnio pium jorht jangummr

V V V V 1 g«ii-

p6 The Life of MA li Y, ^een of Scotland Vol. I If.

A^^^ Q"^'^^ orJtic]Uiim obtmeris hoc jnum,

WV*j Q^aritumis mecum exVeritur niorilM ?

2\lempe dufd es, Eliz^nhetha, fceUrum caputs

^jinm tu pofl-fecijli nec^Hcim mm'tter^

Jndignis Re^mam exernplis peraerf,
oAd'verjumque Regtim preccs, jur^i, leges,

Borjoftjue ritus, Principum ire precihuSy ut darrtnes
^anaUm tui ?
Heu pdes Brttannornm puntca pjenioKj

Inftdaris ^ JtMefla !
JEmni'vero cum in Terris tranquillHS mihi locus non fit^

mot IS in pie tat em meam Religionemcjue machinist

mctndor let ho, adponique jubeor ad gladii violentiam.
Vt non tamen defpondi ipfa animum,

necfue mens avfuit; ex quo feeler is interpres ad me^

ujurpcmtqite aures fumma 'verba carnificis :
Vocato Sacerdote, nequicquam, Chrijium feliciter fpiranSj

Chnjto fcelicius injpirante, coram populo mifi

Regium caput in gladium-
Exin mutilum cadaver in humum iJertituri

folutifque tandem Anima vinculisf

ad Calum remeat.
I^e lugete, Errice Philipeque Reges,

ISleve tu facobe, fill, quum fatisoccu^of

ante fata, quando morte melius.
JSltl accidit in malis rebus miferis,

neque adeo, quia fapitis, J^vite njehementiui

in tenue paucorum menfium imperium^

fuo fiatim iniquitatis jpondere ruiturum.
Falete, Abite.

The Fourth is faid (hy De'mpJIer) to have been coTnpofed by his
Kinfman John 'Dempfer, Keeper of Si c^arife's Library at Venice:
But in Jobnfion\ Inlcriptions, 'tis afcribed to Mr- oAndrew Mehfl.

Regibus orta, auxi Reges, Reginaque 'vixi ;

Ter nupta, (f tribus orba viris, tria Regna rtliqut :

Callus, opes ; Scotus, cunas ; habet Angla fepulchrunt.

The Fifth is by Dr. Robert Boyd prefixed to Queen i^Marjs Life^
<vrit in Italian Verfe by the Prior Bafsiano Gatto, Monacho at S. Ci-
relof/io, printed sit Bologna i6j^. in ^to.

Scotia dat cunas, cenlum dat Hibernia, Sponjum
Gallia dat e^aru; terra dat Anglica necem:

Djbuerant h^c Sceptra uni parere Maria
QMatuor i at Coelis omnia poflpofuit : '

Tofpofuijje par em ejl, nifi defptcit omnia: Jam quo
Defpicit ilia magis^ hoc magis tlla fovet.

The

\^V*Vrf

Vol. III. The Life of MARY Clueen 0/ Scotland- 357

The Lafl: is upon her Tomb at Weftminjler : But before I give the ;;'^.
Reader an Account of this, I {hall give an Account of her Funerals. '^^^•*-'

After the Execution, the Body was taken and embalmfed, and
laid in one of the Chambers of the Caftle, till they fhould know
Q. £//>:,;?^ef^'s Will as to the Interrenicnt, and after what Manner
it (hould be. When the News was brougiit to her, ftie feem'd to he
quite confounded : But this Crocodile of Iniquity, to palliate her
DilTimulation the more, weptmoft; bitterly, put on Mournings, and
laid the whole Blame upon Secretary Davifon, for having put the
Sentence in Execution without her Knowledge, and againft her
Will ; but from his Apology, which we have already given an Ac-
count of, it appears how that Affair was tranfaded : Howev'cr, to
anuife the World for the deep Concern that (he had for the Death
of her- dear Sifter the Queen of Scotland^ fhe ordered her Corps to
be interred after the following Manner (a).

Opon THcfdaj, the i ft of jiuguji 1 587. the Corps was order'd to
be interred in the Clthedral Church ot Teterburrow ; and there were
fent from the Court to the Solemnity the Queen's Houfhold-officers;
to make Provifion for the Diet, Mr. Borell and Mr. Cox\ for the
Funeral-offices, Mr. Fortefcue Mafter of tlie great Wardrobe : The
Hcraulds came down three or four Days before, and appointed, to-
gether with the BiOiop and Dean, the Place for the Interrement ot
me Body, which was over againft the Burial-place of Queen CAtha-
rine : On tiie Right-fide of the Quire, near to the Tomb of lohn
laft Abbot and firft Bidiop ot that Chutch^ there was a rich Herfe
erecfied above the (n^ Step of the Qiiire, near to the Place of the
Burial ; and the whole Quire and Church was hung with Black. U-
pon Sunday at Night, the Thirtieth of /«/y, rlie Body was brought
by Torch-lights from the Caftle of Fothrengciy, by Garter King at
Arrris and other Fleraulds, with a Guard of Horfe, in a Chariot
made of purpofe, covered with blacf: Velvet, and adorned with her
Enfigns : Tliey came to the Porch of the Church betwixt One and
Two of the Clock in the Morning ; where it was received by the Bi-
fiiop and Dean, the Mafter of the Wardrobe, CLirencieux King at
Arms, and many of Her Majefty's Servants and other Perfons. Next
to the Body were Six of Her own domeftic Servants; amongftwhom
was Mr. Af(f/'y/«, her Phyfician, Chirurgeon and Apothecary: The
Body, with the Clofures, weighed 900 Weight; which being atten-
ded and carried orderly by tlic faid Perfons, was committecl to the
Ground in the Vault appointed ; and immediately the Vault was
covered, having a (mall Hole left open for the Staves to be broke
into. There was not at that Time any OfHccs of the Church done,
it being agreed tliat it (hould be done upon thfe Day of the Solem-
nity. Upon Monday in the Afternoon, came to Peterburrow all th6
Perfons appointed for tiie Solemnity: And at the Biftiop's Palace
was prepared a gtcat Supper for them ; and all of them fupp'd at

X X X X one

Ca) Vidt Ci«wto<4'i Mb. C«IUAi»n.

TJje Lift of MARY, g^etn of Scotland.

one Tabic The Great Clianiber, where the Entertainment wriT,
was hun'' with Black, and a Seat fet on the Riglu-fidd of the Tabic
of Purple- velvet.

Upon Tuefday Morning, the Chief Mourner, Lords and Ladies,
and other Afliftants being ready, about Ten of the Clock tliey mar-
ched from the Hall of the Biftiop's Palace, as followcth :

In the Firft Place, The Countcfs of Bedford, Chief Mourner.

3

4-
5-
6.

I

The Earl of Rutland.

The Earl of Lincoln.

The Bp. oi Peterbhrrow.

The Bp. of Lincoln.

The Lord Dudley.

The Lord ChaniberlaiH.

The Lord St. John.
9. The Lord Steward.
JO. Loid Wiliotighl;yot Tarhafn-
1 1 . Tlie Lord Cornpton.
li. The Dem of Teterl^ttrrow.
1 J. The Lord (^Mordaunt.

14. The Lady Mor daunt.

1 5. The Lady l^albot.

16. The Lady Dudley.

17. The Lady St. John of Baftn^

18. The Lady St fohn of Beltp.

19. The Lady c^Jary Savfl.

20. Sir Thomas Cecil.
II. Sir Thomas Mannors.

11. Sir Edward Montague.
15. Sii George Ha flings.
14^ Sir Richard Knightly.

15. Sir jindreio Mowet.

16. Sir George Savil.

ly. Sir fames Harrington.
28. M. Jo. Mannors as a Knight.
19. The Lady CeciL
^O. The Lady Montagui.
^i. The Lady Mannors.
31. The Lady Mowet.

33. Ms. jilmgtonart, a Knight's
Lady.

34. Eight Scoh Gentlewomen,
Eighteen Scots Gentlemen,
and divers Efq^ and other
Gentlemen i Two Kings at
Arms, 5 Heraulds at Arms,
and 100 poor Women.-

The Solemnity being fettled, the Prebends ind C^uire fung an
Anthem, and the Bilhop oi Lincoln preached upon the xxxix PJalm.

After Her Son King fames VI. his AccefTion to the Throne of
England, he caufed her Corps to be tranfportcd from Peterburroid
CO London ; where fhe was buried a^ain with great Pomp and Splen-
dor, in the Abbey of Weftminfief'^ m Henry VIL his Chapel, under
a mofl ftately Monument, which he caulked to be eredled to Hec
Memory ; having Her Image, of the fineft Marble, in full Propor-
tion, in Her Royal Robes, upon a mofl noble Pedeflal of curious
Workmanfhip, under a moft beautiful Canopy, fupportcd by cighc
Columns of black and white Marble ; vizj. tout at the Weft, and
as many at the Eaft End of the Corinthian Order ; thePedcftals and
Capitals guilt, and the Fries adorned with feveral Coats of Arms^
And on tncBody of the Tomb are the following Infcriptions,

v»

VoL III. The Life of MAKY, fifteen of Scotland jy^

T>. O. M. :r^

Sona Memorik,

ft^doARI^ STVART^ Scotomm RepriA, FranctA'Da-
tari^, Jacohi V. Scotorum Regis FtltA ^ li&reais unica ; Henrici
VII. JngltA Regis, ex Margareta, major i natu ftlia, ( facohi IV.
Re^is Scotorum matrimonio copuUta) Proneptis Bdwardi \\. ^nglu
Re^is, ex Elizjahetha, Piliarum natu maxima j4bneptis ; Francifci
II. Gallorum Regis Conjugis : Corona ^nglia, durn 'vixit, cert a £?,
induhitatA Heredts ; (^ Jacohi Magna Britannia Monarcha Matrts }
Stirpe vere Regia ^ anttquifsima prognata erat, maximis totius £«-
ropaPrincipibus agnatione (^ cognatione coniunita; ^ exquijitifsimis
cinimi ^ corporis dotiliu ^ ornamentis cumulc{tijiima. ■ Vernm, ut
Junt varia rerttm humanarum 'vices, pofquam annoi plttf minus vi-
ginti in cujlodia detehta, fortiter ^ ftrenue {fed frufira) cUm male-
volar Hm obtredfationibu^s, timidorUm jufpicionibaf, ^ inimicorum ca-
fitalmm infdiis confii6ia ejjet ; tandem, inaudito ^ infefto Regihtu
exemplo, Jecuri percutitur : ^ contempto mundo, dtvidfa morte, laf-
fato carnifice ; Chrijlo Servatori anima falutem, Jacoho Jilio fpem
Regni ^ pojieritatis, (^ univerfis infaujla cadis fpeiiatoribus exem-
plum patientia commendans ; pie, intreptde cer'uicem Regiam fecur$
malediita fubjecit ; (^ "vita caduca fort em, cum Cceleftis Regni pef'
^nnitate commutanjit, Vh. Idw Febr.-Ann, Chrijii 1587. j£taf.i^<$.

Si generis fplendor, par ^ fi gratia for m*

Probri nefcia mens, irrviolata fidei.
Pectoris inviHi robur, [apientia, candor^

Ntxaqui fotantis fpes pietate Dei :
Si morum probitas, duri patientia frani,

c^ajefias, bonitas, piira benigna maniis.
Pallida fortuna pojjint 'vitare tonantis

Fulminaque montes, templaqtie fanda petiirtt.
NonPramatwd fatortim forte perijfety

Nee fieret moeftis trijlis imago genis.

Jure Scoios, thalamo Trances, fpe jpojjidet ^/^nglof,

Triplex fic triplex jure corona beat,
Felix, heu nimiumfeltx, ft turbine pulfo

Vietnam fero conciliajjet opem.
Sed cadit, ut terram.teneat, nunc morte triumfhaf^

Fruifibns ut fua /firpf, puUulet inde novis.
Vi£ia nequit ytnei, nee carcere claufa tentriy

Non occifa mori^ fed neque cdpta capi.
Sic 'viti^ juccifa gemit faii^ndior ^vir,

Sculpt ac^e purpuf(0 lemma decort' mieai.

Xtxi% Ok.

^6o The Life of MARY G^ncen 0/ Scotland. Vol. ill.

;;^r?78^ bbruta frugifero (enfm fie cefpite furfunt,

v^V**^ Seniina Vtr wultos qux latuere i)ies.

Sanquine fancivit fitdus cumplele Jehonja^'
Sanguine piacabant numina fanifa paires
Sanguine confperfi quos praeterit ira penates ;

Sanguine Jignata efi, cjux. modo cortdit humusi
Farce Deus, Jntis efi, injfandum ! jlfle dolores

Infer funejlos pervolet ilia Dies.
Sit Rcges matlare nefas, ut Janguine pofihac
Piirpureo nunqnam term Tritamia jluctt.

Si meliore (ui pofl mortem Parte triumphet,

Carnifices filearit, tormina, cldujira, cruces'.
Qjiem dederant curium Superi Retina peregif,

Tempora lata T)eus, tempora dura dedit.
Edidit e>;imium,fato.properante, "^acobum,

§luem Pallas, Mhja, Delia Fata colunt.
Ma^na Viro, major' NatUy fed maxima Partu :

Condi tHr hie Regum filial Sponja, Parens.
Vet Dens ! ut Nath ^ qui najeentur ab illis^

^ternos -vide ant hinc fine nube dies.

H. N. Gemens'

I V&t. ii. zi.

Chrism pro nobis pafj/t/ e/l, relinquens exemplum ut fequ4'
mur "vefiigia ejfu.

I Vet. ii. 1^.
•^tti cum malediceretur, non maledtcebat \ cum pateretur., non com-
minabatur : tradebat autem judicanti jufie.

The Catalogue of her works.

I. QEveral Letters upon Affairs of State, and in Vindication of
^ Her felf, either publifhed at Length or in Subftance,' by the

Writers of the Hiftory of Her Life, or prefcrved in Librarie§.

II. A great many of her Original Letters are to be feen in the

Cotton Library, JuUm F. $. Vtde etiam Cat. Mfs. Oxon.
TomeL Par.j. Num. 1 090. Tome II. Par. i. Num.3767,
8680, 8801. Bibl. Cot. Ttt. A- XIII. zy Cat. Mfs. Oxon.
Tome I. Par. I. Num.3515, 5003. Tome II. Par. L Num.
3818, 5383, 3492, ^c.

III. Several Poems in hatiriy French and Italians : There is one of

of thofe Poems among A- Blackwood's Poems ; hm .vhere ^^
Originals of thefc Poems (for which fhe was fo much comrri-n-
ded) are now lodged, we know not.

THE

Vol. III.

THE

361

(%/^^\

LIFE of THOMAS WINTER-
HOTE^ Dodlor of Divinity and Redor
of the Scots College at Taris,

THOMAS Winter hope, or Wintrope, was born at p^^
Callow [heels iii the Diocefs of Claf^sw, and was *"• '^^
taught his Grammar at Glajgow; attcr which he '"''^'*^
went over to the Univcrfity of JParis, about rhe "'• ^'''^
Year 1551. and was made Mafter of Arts in that EJ«"t*ol*
Univcrfity in the Year 1554. In the Year 155^.
he obtained, from Patrick Hefburn Bifhop of Murray, the Prcfen-
lation to one of the Burfes pi the Scots College of Crtfii and had
a long Concert for it with one Mr. Robert Straloch.

He was afterwards fettled Procurator to that Foundation, and was
at great Pains and Expence, for many Years, iri recovering the Rights, "'^cZ't*
and fettling that Foundation on a better Foot than it had been for- 'o^i'it"
merly. He was chosen 1 5 Times Procurator of the Stranger Nation,
called then in the Uqivcrfity, The Scots and German Nation; which unfv,7fij.'
is one of thofe Four that compofe the Faculty of Arts in that Uni-
vcrfity : And the whole Univerfity was fo fenfible of his excellent
Parts and Abilities, that they made choice of him for their Gene-
ral Procurator; and lie was deputed by them, in the Year 1570. to

H e Ii r«ot lo

Charles IX. King of /r^wf, for recovering their Rights, and main- .^i^'Dei
taining their Privileges againft Taxes and Burdens, which they were '°'^*'"'"i^
threatned with at that Time: And he acquit himfelf fo well in this ° '"*
important Negociation, that he obtained their Defire ; and he had
the Thanks of the Univerfity returned to him by fevcral Patents, ftill
extant in thereof J College at Paris : And in one of them he is de-
iigned, Reftaurator CoUegij Scotorum de Grijiu Pari/ijs, The Refto-
ler of the Scots College at Paris.

But that for which our Author can never be too much commen-
ded, is his Zeal for the propagating of Learning; , of which he has '^''■"'work
left feveral Inftances behind him : The Firft of which was a long
Petition, which he prefented to Queen Mary in the Year i ^66. in
which, having reprefented to Her Majcfty the Neceflity of encou-
raging of learned Men in iier Dominions, from the Honour and Ad-
vantage that would redound to Her Majefty and her Dominions,
by relieving the grear Numbers of indigent Scotfrnen, of excellent
Capacities and Learning, who came over ingreat Numbers to the
Univerfity oi Paris t and who, upon a fuflocient Encouragement
from Her Majefty's Royal Bounty, could/not fail to mike the King;-
tlom powerful and. rich, and render her Memory glorious to Porte-
llericy. All ivhichhc urg«s, in a moft pith^tick Stllc, in French arid

Yyy/ Li-

i^i 77;g Lt/>o/' THOMAS WINTERHOPE, D P. Vol Iff

ro'x^ l^^t'tn- And then he concludes with a Supplication to Her, to ad J
^'^ to the ancient Eftablifhment of die Birtiop of Murray, particularly
intended for that Diocels, the Foundation of a General College in
ihc Univerfity of Paris for all Scotfmerjy of whatever DioccTs they Sc.
And 'tis noways to be doubted but that this excellent Priiicefs would
have granted our Author's Petition, had Hie not fallen into her Mif-
fortunes, Ihc being learned herfclf, and a great Encouragcr of it in
others ; for notwithftanding of all her Troubles, and during the
Time of her Imprifonment, fhe cave, at the Archbifhop of Claj-
foty's Dcfire, to our Author, and the other Students of the Founda-
tion of Grifiu a yeady Penfion, and left to them and hfer other
Scholars in Faris^ a Legacy in her Teftament :' And in tho Year
1587. in the A(ft for fettling onerary Execut61s of her Teftament,
Mr. Winterhope, then Dodlor ot Theology, is naiiied amojigft the
reft of her Le2;atarics.

Vtnipjler tells usj that ouf Author wrote (<t} a Compend of Mo-
ral Philofophy, and an Apology ioi Epictirtu', which Laft itfecnis
he had fecn, for he calls it a moft elaborate Work, This Epfcurttt
was a Pliilofopher, who was born at Gargetius, a Town of oAttica^
and has been accufcd of holding and teaching many impious Opi-
nions : But not only our Authorj but Gajjendtis and feveral Others
have wrote in his Defence, and (hown, that his making the Happi-
nefs of Humane Life to confift in Plcafurc may admit of a very
"ood Interpretation; for 'tis moft certain, that he did not take that
word, as it is commonly taken, for the brutal Enjoyments of this
Life 5 for Vwgerits Laertius, and all the Ancients allure us, that he
himfelf was by Nature docile, humane^ temperate, fober, and or*
dinarily lived on Bread and Water; having taught his Difciples,
That Nature was content with very little; and that not to be fub-
ie(5l to Padions, was to live like a Godamongft Men; That to have
foy, we muft have Honefty, Prudence and Juftice; and that we
could not poOcfs true Joy, if we were not honeft, prudent and juft j
That God is a happy and immortal Spirit , and that, without Im-
piety, they might believe, that there was but One God, whofe Na-
ture was incomprehenfible to our Reafon : He had likcwifc a great
Concern and Love for his Friends, Relations, Servants and Country j
for which Caufe the oAthenians raifed Statues to his Honour : And
Ctcero and Seneca highly commend him for his Virtue.

Befides thefe Writings of our Author mentioned by 1)empftirf
tliere are, as we have faid, his Petition to Qiieen Mary, and leve-
ral other Things of his, ftill extant in the Scots College at Paris ,
fuch as, a Supplication to Patrick Hepbhrn Bifhop of Murray, for
augmenting the Foundation made by his Predeceifors ; and a large
Addrefs to the whole Clergy oi France, affembled in the Year 1580.
But they had no Succefs with either of them at that Time. In the
Year i $6'j. he coUetfted all the Charters belonging to the Scots
College at Paris^ and all the ancient Writs and Records belong-

Q«) Utoipftcr, Lib. ]$, |«i;c Hh

Vol. III. Redor of the Scots College at Paris.

HU Dtill;

iiig to it ; all tliefe arc in a large Volume, curioufly bound up, and
\vrote on Vellum, with the Atteftations of two publick Notaries *
and for the greater Authenticity, he caufed the whole to be au'
thenticatc by the Provoft of Paris, and the Seal of the City appen-
ded to it. The fame Ycir likewife, he \('rote a fliort Hiflory of
the Scots Colledge, from its firftFouhdatioft till his Time. At length «""
in the Year 1 590. lie died, and rcfigned the Care of the CoUeee a«. ^'*''
to Mr. George Crichton; who came afterwards to be Profeflbr Royal
of the Greek 3it Paris; to whom fucceedcd Mr. WtUiam Lumtfden
irt whofe Time the new Foundation was made, by the Arch-bifhop
ofGlaJgow, and of which we fhall give the Reader an Account in
that Prelates Life.

It appears from what we have faid of this Author, That he de-
ferves to be particularly taken Notice of, for his fin^ulat Zeal in
the propagating of Learning, and the indefatigable Care that' he
took, not only for the good of the College in which he was mdre im*
mediately concerned, but likewifc for the whole Univcrfity, of which
he was a mofl worthy Member.

The Catalogue of his Works.

lM

ORALIS Philofophid Compendium.

II. uipologia pro Epimro.

III. <iA Petition to the JUufirious Princefs, Mary '^^ueen of Scot-

land, and 'Dowager 0/ France, for the encouraging of Learning
and the fa'vounng of tht Learned cMen within her own BomL
nions, MS. in the Scots College at Paris, in Latin artd French"

IV. ^n Addrefs to Patrick Hepburn, ^Jhop of Muiiay, for encoi^

raging the Scots College at Paris, J\aS. ibidem.

V. An Addrefs to the Clergy of France, afjembled in the Tear

1 500. for the encouraging of the Scots College at Paris Aff
ibidem. '

VI. Thi Chartulary of the Scots College at Paris, coHtded A. D. i<6f

in a large finioy MS. ibidem. ' ^*

VII. V7e Hifioryofthe Scots College at Paris, from its fir fi Etmda^

tm, till the Tear 1588. M ibidem. ' ^

^yyy^ the

3<54 Vol. III.

C^>^ THE

LIFE of TATRICI{ AD AM SON,
Arch-Bifhop of St. Andrews.

u Birth r' ^ ^ H I S Learned Prelate, was born in the Town of
p.renuje & ■ ^ rerth(a), of a mean, but honeft Parentage ; ha-

ving learned his Grammar at the School of Ptrthy

lie went to the Univcrfity of St. Andrews ; where
he waj taught his Philofopy, and made Mailer of
Arrs : But his Parents not being in a Condition
Het.ich.i to afford hirn Money for the profecuting of his Studies, he was
schoo""""" obliged for Bread, to teach Grammar for 4 Years at Cyrus, aCoun--
try Village in the Shire of Fife. His extraordinary Endowments of
Mind, made him to be taken Notice of, by the Gentry of that
Shire, who font many of their Children to his School ^ but Mr.
Jan:es M'-gtU, a Gentleman of good Learning, and one of the Se-
nators of the Collcdgc of Juftice, taking Compalfion upon the
mean Circumftance of his Life ; and defigning to fend his Son to
ov"*!!"** France to ftudr the Laws, he made Choice of Mr. ^damfon to be
frw». ijij Son's Governor or Preceptor.

Having arrived fafely in Jrance, they went ftraight to Paris,
where they had not been long, when they were advertifed of the
Birtli of King James VI. Mr. Adamjon being an excellent Poet,
took this Occahon of letting the Publick know fo much, in an in-
HeTvricei compatablc Latin Poem, which he wrote upon this Occaflonj and
"b/^.Thof which was printed at Paris, upon the 15 of June i$66. being the
K.>rw<, <5th Day after the Birtli of this young Prince. This Performance 06
our, Author's, was highly commended by every Body, that Jiad the
leafl Knowledge in Poetry ; fo that, at length it came to the Hands;
of the Courtiers, as an extraordinary Performance. Which, the*
it tended very much to our Prelate's Honour, yet it proved very fa-
tal to liim ; for he had unadvifedly given the Title of King of France
and England to his own King. The Title of the Poem running
thus, Serenijfimi ac Nohilijfwi Scotia, Anglix, Franci£ (^ Hiberntx.
Principis^ Henrici Stuart i lUnfirijjimi Herois, ac Marid Kegina Am-
plijjimx Ftlit Genethliacum.

This could not fail to provoke both the King of France and
for which b* Queen EliZjal^eth againfl him ; fo he was feized upon, and thrown
iiimprifontd ^^^^q ^-^q^^ Piifon, iu which he remained for fix Months; and at
length, at the earnefl Sollicitation of Queen e^ary, back'd with
H.iifet.t thofe of fevcral Noblemen, he was fet at Liberty. After this, he
lh.r"!i'.«u- and his Pupil went ftraight to "Bruges, where both of them entered
Jauw! ^ Students of the Civil Law in that famous Univerfity.

Whil'll

(4) Vit. Ph. Adamfon, ptr TI)o. Volus,

Vol. III. Arch-Bifhof of St. Andrews. T^

Whilft t\\cy viGXQ ^i Bruges, the MafTacre of P^m happened,'>^N^
which piic the wliole Trotcftants o^ France in a horrid Confternari- ^^^^vC
on ; and our Author and his Pupil, as he tells us himfelF, were for
feven Months, confined to a Tavern (4), expecting every Day to
bemaOacred, during which Time he wrote his poetical Paraphrafe h. *,it,.
upon Joh, and his Tragedy of Herod ; o[ both which lie font Copies \^Jt^l\"h
to Lyons and Farts., to be printed. That to Lyons was dire(fled to "'""^"^
Romllius; and that to Farts to Lamhintis; but the Civil Wars of
ir<^«rf hind red them from being printed at tliat Time 1 571. And
probably they had never been printed, had it not been for a very
lingular Accident, for both Bomlltus and LAmbtnus were dead and
our Author had no Copy of it to himfelf i but Dr. Henry Blackwood
having the Infpedion of Lambinus Papers after his Death found
them there, and fent them over to Scotland to our Author. His
next Performance he fays {b), was his fix Books of the Mofaical
Polity ; but thefe were never printed, and here I cannot but take
Notice of what our Presbyterian Hiftorians fay of our Prelate (c\
if we may believe them His Fathers Name ty^j Conftance a 'Baker
in Perth, and under the Name o/"Conftancc he ajjijledas a Mtnifter
in the fir ft General Aijembly of the Ktrk of Scotland tn the Tear 1560.
Qy^fter thts, ha'ving deferted his Mtniftry, he went over to France to
ftudy the Lazvs ; but upon his Return, he betook himfelf again to the
Miniftry, and being baulk' d of the Arch-btfhoprick of St. Andrews in
the <^onth of February 1 571. he preached at St. Andrews ; and in
his Sermon told the Feopte, that there were three Sorts of Bt/hops, my
Lord Bifhop, my Lord's 'Bt/hop, and the Lord's Btfhop. My Lord
Btfhop was in the Time of Topery, My Lord's Bijhop is now, when
m'i Lord getteth the Fat of the Benefice, and the Btfhop ferveth for a
Portion out of the Benefice, to make my Lord's Rtght jure; and the
Lord's Bijhop, is the true Minifter of the Gofpel. Now let us examine
the Truth of this Story ; and firft, laying afide the Improbability
of the changing of his Name, wiien his Parents werefo well known,
and without afligning any Reafon for it, the moft of thefe that were
prefent at the firft General AfTembly were all Laicks, they confifted
fays Mr. Petrte (d) of 44 Pcrfons ; and the excellent Mr. Sage
fafys (e), ' That in the Manufcript Extra(5t which he had of the Adls
*<)f the General Affembly, he found cxadly 44 Names :'• But (fays.

* he) of all the 44, there were not above 9 at mofl who were called

* Miniftcrs ■, Co that at leaf\, more than ^o were but lay Brethren,
< according to the then Wav of Reckoning. Probably they were
' generally fuch, if you fpealc in the Dialeifl, and reckon by the

* Meafures of the Catholik Church in all Ages '. And as for our
Author's being one of them, there is no other Reafon given but
that, Tiiat there was one Mr. Patrick Conftance there ; and as for
liis Sermon oreached at St. Andrews 1571. wherein they make hira
pun fo wittily upon the Word Bift^op ; he tells us hirofelf, That he

Z z z z was

C«) Vid, fi«f, 4<1 Jeb. Ct; iM. (<) Vidi Pt(ri», CtUtrwetd, kc. (i) ^. ». Pigc iii, (.) Fuodwataul Chut«v

^66 The Life of Mr. TATRICK ADAMSON, Vol. Ill

hf^. was then at "Brtiges'm France^ nor did lie return to Scotland, til) tlic
^^^^^^^ Year 1^7?. And one of his crcateft Enemies, who has pul)lifhcd art

He return! ^"' ' -^ r % ■ t ■ r ■ I » « j I i-i ^ I i> r. r -r-x

toSicuti. Account of his Lite, with Mr. Andrew oyylelnjifs Poems, fays, That
upon his Return to Scotland, he married a Lawyer's Daughter, thin-
king thereby, to gain fom-C Employment to hinifclf; but that fail-
ling him, and being redadled to great Mifcry and Want, he retur-
ned again to the Miniftry, and that Mr. Andrew Hay, out of meer
Compa(T]on to his indigent Circumftanccs, provided him in the
Church ot Psijley : But the Author docs not confider, in the Heac
of his Padion againft our Prelate, that he makes the Church he de-
fif^ns to extol, guilty of a great Overfiglit in their Difciplinc, in re-
cftablifliing him in the Exercifeof his Miniflry, upon a Secular Con-
ilderation, witiiout any Ccnfurc- But we fhall proceed to the Hi-
flory of our Author's Life, from the more certain Accounts of his
co-temporary Writers.

Before he went from France^ he tranflated into elegant Latin the
Confefsion of Faith that was approven of by A(fb of Parliament, and
drawn up by the Reformers as the Standard of their Faith : Whe-
ther he diftributed any Copies of this whilfl he was at Bruges, whicK
might Iiave been the probable Caufe of his Seven Months Conceal-
ment, I know not J but 'tis certain, that his Landlord who did con-
ceal him was feverely punifhed : For wc are told, (a) That he was
thrown headlong from the Top of his own Houfe, for his Hofpi-
tality, in the 70" Year of his Age-

Our Prelate, upon his Return to Scotland, was diffwaded from
profecuting the Study of the Laws, and to apply himfelf entirely to
Theology : So entring into Holy Orders, he was made Minifter at

.u.c.io- *?*'^'7^0'" ^^^ *" ^^^ ^^'^'^ 1575- '^^ w^^ one of thofe Commiflioners
h"iy_0'- appointed by the General Aflembly (I;) to confer upon the Jurif^
^Vj'eMini- didtion and Polity of the Church : And in a General AfTembly con-
ct.t n. .J. ^^^^^^ ^^ Edinburgh the next Year, he and Mr. Da'vid Ltndfay
were appointed to acquaint the Regent of their Proceedings. And
the fame Year he was advanced by the Regent a^orton, to be one
of his Chaplains (c) : And upon the Death of Bifhop DougUfs, he
He is .dv.n- prefented him to the Archbifhoprick of St. .Andrews. Upon which,
Arch-b.nio- in the General Aflembly met at Edinburgh in the Month of OSf.o-
^MnwJ'' ber, 'twas moved. That he fhould be called before them and e> a-
mined ; and he being enquired if he would fubmit himfelf to the
Affembly, he abfolutely refufed to do it, it being no ways Confo-
he'^r^S nant to the Epifcopal Dignity, that the Bifhop fhould fubied him-
AiTembf of felf to the Cenfure of his inferior Presbyters. And from this Time
»,"JK 'he commenced thcfe Animofities and Heats that happened betwixt
''rick^'^"' Mr. Andrew Me hi I a.nd himj and- the AfTembly was fo difpleafeJ
with his refufine to fubmit himfelf to them, that they difcharsed
the Chapter to proceed. But upon a new Charge given them, they
proceeded to the Election, and made Choice of him ; upon which,
in the General Aflembly, met at Edinburgh^ in the Month of April
J 577-

(«) Tbo. Vol. JttJ. ii A«tli. Sctig, (J>) C«Uci. Hift. ad An. (.[) Ibidfpu

He tDteri

to

ders.

Vol. III. Arch-'Bipof of St. Andrews. 2^7

1577. ^" Accufation was brought againfl; him, for having entered ^^'^
into the Bifhoprick, contrary to the Ads and Ordinances of the ^^V*»'
General Adembly, having left his ordinary Office of tlic Miniftry,
and ufurped the Office of Vifitation within the Bounds of Fife
authorized by Commiffion or Power from the Alfembly ; and be-
caufe he was abfent, Power and Commiffion was given to Mr. Ro-
bert Pont, Mr. James Lawjon, "David Fergujjon, and the Superin-
tendant of Fife, conjunftly, and in Cafe of the faid Superintcndanc
his Inability, Mr. David Lindfay and John Brand, to direct Sum-
mons out againft him, to appear before them, at fuch a Day or
Days as they fhould think fitting, within tiie Town of Edinbur^hy
to try and examine his Entry into the faid Bifhoprick, the Ufurpati-
on of the Office of Vifitation, and deferring his ordinary Office of
the Miniftry ; with Power alfo to fummon the Chapter of St. ^nd-
reius, or fo many of the Chapter, as fhall fecni to them expedient
if need require, and the Ordainers and Inaugureis of the faid Mr.
Patrick oAdamJon, as they fhall think good, for the better Trial of
the Premifes, and what herein they find after Trial, to Report a-
gain to the next General Affembly ; and in the mean Time, in
Name of the Affembly, to difcharge him of further Vifitation of
the faid Bounds, till he be admitted by an AfTcmbly.

Our Prelate this Year, publifhed a Catechifm in Latin Verfe, ih^'.^c^tel
for the Ufe of the young Prince } which received fuch a favourable tu.'v.)f.^"
Approbation from the Publick, that it was defervcdly look'd upon
as a Maflcr-piecc, and Mr. Lawfon and Mr. Pont were fo well plea-
fed with it, that altho' they were two of his Perfccutors, they made
two Latin Poems in Commendation of his Performance. In a Meet-
ing of the General Aflcmbly at Edinburgh, in the Month o(0(^ober
1 578. a new Commiffion was given to the Minifters of Edinburghi
and to Mr. David Lindfay, Mr. Robert Pont, David Ferguffon and
John Brand, to charge him with the Tranfgreflions committed by
liim, in not fubmitting himfelf to the Affembly, according to the "*fJbmu^to
JDraught they had prefented him with, and to receive his Anfwer ; i*" ^^\'^'*'
as alfo, to charge him to free himfelf of the Corruptions of thej^b "'^'^'''
Eftate of Bifhops ill his Perfon, particularly to be fpecified to himi^""""*^'
and if he refufe, that after Admonition he be excommunicated, by
fuch as fhall be appointed by them for that EfFedt.

Thefc harfli Proceedings againfl oiir Prelate, made him agree to
Tome Things that were below the Epifcopal Dignity, particularly in
owning thejir Authority over jiim, who were meer Presbyters, and
ftridly fpcaking, the mofl part Laicks, that had' ufurped the Mi-
jiiflry, and that he did approve of feveral Heads of their Polity,
that were not agreeable to Epifcopal' Jurifdidion. Yet all this
would not fatisfy them, therefore, ina^Ieeting of.the General Af^
Tcmbly at Edinburgh, in the Mo^th o^.Jtily 1579. they gave Pow-
er to the fame Comjuiffioner^ who wcrp appointed by theit lafl
Aflcmbly, tp fummon our PrcUtc to ^pp):ar before tjiem ^t Edin-

Z 2 2 2 1 htirjrhi

368 The Life of Mr. PATRICK ADAMSON, Vol. Jfr.

JJ^''^^ l^urah, with all convenient Speed, and to charge him with the par"

"^""^ ticular Oftenccs^ following.

I ft, That he havin? jubmitted himfelf to the yij]embly., went im-
rtjeclicttely after his Stilmijjion, and -voted in Parliament, id. That
he has vfven Collation of the Vtccarage o/Boltoun, ha'ving no Power
qfVifttation, in the Bounds where the (aid Viccarage lieth. 3d, That
he hath agreed to all the Heads of Polity excepting fonr^ and yet oppo-
(ed the fame. At the Parliament in the Year 1581. our Prelate was
leized with a heavy Sicknefs, which kept him all tliatYear, and a
good Part of the next; and becaufe there was a poor Woman who
had advifed him to fome fimplc Remedy, they raifcd a Report of
Witchcraft upon her, and imprifoned her in theCaftle of St. ^«^-
rezos ; and becaufe the Bifhop fet her at Liberty, they told tlie Peo-
ple from their Pulpits, That he had conjulted the Devil for the Re-
covery of his Health.

In the Year 158?. the King coming to St. Andrews, our Prelate

before the preached a Sermon before him, wherein he mantained the Cauic or
"^ Epifcopacy 5 upon which a publick Difpute enfued, betwixt him
Difputtf and Mr. Andrew Melvil. There were prefcnt at this Difpute, the

ChMr.V whole Members of the Univerfity, the King, and the famous /rfwc/?

d,.w Mfioii. p^^^ Saluflius T)Hbartas. People decided in Favours of the Dispu-
tants, according to their different Capacities, but it was granted by
all, that the Bifhop fhowed much more reading in the Fathers, than
Mr. Melvil did.

Tlie General Aflembly having met at 'Edinburgh., in the Month
He ii Turn- of October., our Prelate was warned by the Synod of Fife, to appear

^T^'b^fori before the AfTembly ; but he not compearing, they fufpended him

AfTembiv'"' fron^ his Office. A malicious Report being fpread, of the King's

wKn fufpend jnclinatious to Popery, to fatisfy the Qiieen of England, not only
in this, but in feveral other Things which the fadlious Miniflers

Amb.nidot* h^*^ fpread Abroad, concerning the King, our Prelate was fent Am-

10 QueeD baffador from the King to Queen EHz^abeth. And Mr. Wilfon in
his Dedication of our Prelate's Work to King James VI. appeals to
his Majefty for his good Condudl in this Negotiation : And he fays.
That his eloquent Preachings, drawing great Concourfes of People
to him, he raifed fuch a high Idea of the young King his Mafter
(whom he was conflantly extolling^ in the Minds of the Englijh
People, that Queen EHzjabeth difcnarged him from preaching any
more in her Dominions, On the other Hand, the Presbyterian
Hiftorians fay, That he behaved mofl Difgracefully, being much
given to drinking, and all Manner of Lewdnefs : But whatever
Truth be in this, which we have all the Reafon in the World, to
fufpe(ft to be only their Malice againfl him ; it is mofl certain, that
he involved himfelf into great Debts by his Mifmanawement j and
if we may believe Sir James Melvil in his Memoirs (a), borrowed
Gold and Precious Furniture from the Bi/hop of London and feveral
others ; which was never returned, nor paid for. Yet by his Nego-
tiations

Vol. III. ^rch-Bi/hop of St. Andrews.

3^9

tiations at tli:it Time> he very mUch flrengthned the Epifcopal Par-
ty in Scotlitrtd; which the King had now eftabhfhed. He returned aT^
6uc of England immediately after the Execution of the Earl of ^^^i^
Cozvrie; and upon iiis Arrival a Parliament was immediately cal-
led, in which he gave an Account of his Negotiation : And for his
good Services the following Commidion was granted to him (a).

OV R Sovereign Lord, tvith AdnJtce and Confent of His HiaL AComm.f-
ne\ss 1 rivy Counal, Ordains a Letter to be made under the ''V'''«Ki"<
Great Seal, in due Form , Giving and Granting to his well-beloved c""nea7.
Cle^k and OrJtor, Patrick Archbtjhop of St. AndrewV, Power, An- *"""
thoritj and Jurifdidion, to exerce the f amen aArchbiJhoprick, by him-
Jelf his Deputies and Commijsioners, irt all Matters Ecclefiafitcal,
tvithin the Diocy of St. AndrewV, and Sheriffdoms which have beert
heretofore annexed thereto ;. zvith Power to the [aid Archbi/hop, under
His Highnefs, to call and conveen Synodal Ajjemblies of the Mmiflry
loithm the T>iocy, for keeping of good Order, maintaining of true Do-
Urine and Reformation of Manners ; To plant Mtmflers in Kirks
xvhich (hall happen to be de folate and vacant ; To give Admifsion and
Collation of Benefice to Perfons qualified, either prefented by the law-
ful Patrons or Vs ; To depofe Terfons unqualified, and unable in Life
and Dodrine for difcharging their Cure ; (the which Perfons being Jo
depojed, their Rents, Stipends and Benefices to vaik in the Hands of
the lawful Patrons, to be conferred a-new to qualified and godly Perl
Jons) To reform Colleges, Kirks, and other juch Places appointed for
Learning ; To place and di (place Makers of Colleges unqualified, ac-
cording to the Tenor of their Rundation', or evil afftded to Our
Sert)ice and Obedience, contraveening by Word or Wnt Our Royal
Power and Privilege, eftabltfi^ed by Our Ute Ads of Parliament, or
fianderinx Vs by erroneous T)odrine ; To vifit the Hofpitals within
theDioceJs, and Kirks, and to fee them well furnifi^ed, maintained
and apparelled : Commanding Our faithful and true Subjeds to yield
unto the Jaid Patrick Archbijhop of St. AndrewV, due Obedience. And
that the jame may be the better reverenced and obeyed. We have given
and granted Power to the faid Archbifhop, to have one of the moll
vertv.oiis, godly and honefi Officers at Arms zvithin the faid Diocy^
who fhaU be called Officer of the Kirk; who fhall, in Our Name and
^Authority, ajsifi: the afore faid Bifhop, and fhall command all and
Jundry Contraveeners and Breakers of the good and godly Order of the
Kirk, of vjhat Degree or Gluality Joever they be under Vs; with fuch
^Penalties, Mulds, Imprijonments, Repentances and Manner thereof
as We, Our Counfellors and Officers fhall agreee unto, upon the humble
Suit of the laid aArchbiJkop, other Bi/hops or Commifsioners in Eccle-
fiaftical Q^latters : In which, if the faid Archbifhop and Offcer Id
difobeyed, We will account the Injury done to Our own Per (on, and
punijh thejame with all Rigour, in Example of Others : Troviding
always, That if any Perfon or Terfons receive any intolerable Wrongi

A 9 9 9 a

A a a a a

(«) OUvwood'i HiAorfi P. i^i.

370 The Life of Mr. PATRICK ADAMSON, Vol. III.

Air.r^.. or, ivithont Caufe or juji Defervin^, be otherwife ujed by thejatd Ht-
fhop ; then the Law of God, and the lonjeahle ConJlitHtion of this Re-

^^"^^^ (hop; then the Law of God, and tlie lo^eahle ConJlitution of this Re-
alm doth permit 1 it fhaU be leijom to the Per Jons fo enormly hurt to
appeal to Vs, and Our Sovereign oAmhority to be inter poned for Re-
metd thereof; for if the Statue and Image of Superiors, in ancient
^imesy WAS a ftScient Girth, ^fyle and Trotelhon to them that had.
Refuge thereunto, it becometh Vs much more, in our Perjons, to be a
Comfort and Relief to thofe that Jhal/ Jeek unto Our Clemency dgatnfl
whatfomever Opprejsion by Spiritual or Temporal Perjons ; to whom
We promife Our principal Favour : The which V/e mind always to ad-
minijlrate, by the Grace of God, in fuch manner, as We may be an-
fwerable to him zvhofe Image and Lieutenantry We bear in this Realm.
oAnd farther, becaufe it ts necejjaryfor the Kirk of Cod and Prefer-
vation of ^ood Order to be maintained therein, that, tvhen Necefsity
requireth, ^the Bifiop of every Diocy, and fuch other learned Men of
their Diocy as /hall be thought meet for that Purpoje, ajjemble together
for taking an uniform Order to be obferved in the Realm, tn Common
Prayer and other Things requtfte for the common Eft ate of the Kirk ,
We, of Our Trincely rower. Cram the Privilege unto the faid ylrch-
bifhop to conveen the Reft : Providing always. That before any Con-
vention General of the Clergy, the faid Bifhop (hall make Vs adver-
tifed of the necejfary Caufes of the forefaid Convention, that We may
underftand the fame to tend to the Welfare of the Kirk and Tolicy of
the Country ; and that the [aid Bifhop may have Our [pecial Licence
thereto granted to him under Our Privy Seal ; and that no ^dion or
Conflitution, made by the Ajembly of 'Biftjopsor Clerks, have any Forcet
Strength or Efeit luithin Our Realm, to bind any of Our Subje£ts^
unlejs they be allowed, approved and confirmed by Vs, Our Council
and Eft ate, and, after the Approbation of Our Royal Authority, they
ftand in Jult Force and Effeil.

HavHteit The Fadtious Minifters having writ feveral fcandalous Libels a-
^t'htK.n". gainft the Proceedings of tlic Parliament, our Prelate wrote, in the
h.me. Kino's Name, a Declaration, giving the World an Account of the
Proceedings of the Parliament, and the Reafonablenefs of them, and
a large Preface, wherein he gave an Account of the treafonable and
vilainous Proceedings of the Presbyterian Teachers, which highly in-
cenfed them ; but was fo acceptable to the Englifh Clergy, that in
the Month of February 1585. 'twas re-printed at London from the
Edinburgh Copy in the Month of January, and vaft Numbers of
them fold : And Mr. Thinne has inlerted it at Length in his Conti-
nuation of tJolinft)e(ts Chronicle.
HeUeKom- ^'^^ Provincial Synod of Fife having met at Si. <iAndrAws, they
municite by fummoned our Prelate to compear betore them, to anfwer to whac
lui sywT fhould be laid to his Charge : Which he having done, without;
^^'^'' having any Regard to his Anfwer, they paft the following Sentence
againll him.

Tho

Vol- HI. yJrch-'BtJhop of St. Andrews. ' ^

' Tlic AUcnibly having confidered and tried the whole Procefs ^^-^^^

< deduced againft Mr. Patrick Mamfon, with mature Deliberatiou t?V^'

* and Conference ; they find, That the faid Mr. Patrick hath no

* ways amended his Contumacy and Difobedience to the Kirk of

* of God and of the faid Allembly, conveened in the Name of our

* Lord Jtft4j ; but rather, continuing therein, contemptuoufly tra-

< vailetli to ufurp and exercc his tyrannical Ambition and Supre-
>* macy over the Kiik of God, his Brethren and this prefent Aflem-

* bly, with flanderous Untruths, as well againft the Word as againft

* fome of the Brethren : And being defired, by divers Admonitions

* given to him by certain of the Brethren in Name of the Aflembly,
' to hear the Voice of the Kirk; he not only contemptuoufly and
*■ difdainfully refufed the Cenfure and Judgment thereof to be tried

* by the AlFembly, but claiming Supremacy and Judgment above
' tliem, heapeth up Contempt againft the Ordinance of Jejiu Chriffj

* adding thereto the Notoriety of the Accufation before the Gene-

* ral Aflcmbly ; wherein he was thought worthy, for weicrhty and

* great Caufes and Crimes, to be fufpended indeed from^all Fun-

* dlion of the Miniftry, as an Adl made by the General Aflembly

* in O^okr 1 585. produc'd and read in this Synodal AfTembly, at

* more Length proports: Contrary to the Tenor whefeof, he hath

* not only ufurped the forefaid Funcflion, againft the Ordinance of

* the Kirk, and to the heavy Slander of the Miniftry; but alfo dif^

* played a Banner againft the whole good Order and Government

* of the Kirk pradifed within this Realm, with moft fruitful Efre(5ts

* fbllowing thereupon fince the Reformation of Religion within the

* lame > and fpecially, his notorious Impugning the fettled Order

* of the Generai Afremblies and Presbyteries, which arc grounded

* upon the fafne Word : Therefor, and for divers other notorious

* Slanders whereof he was to be accufed, and refufing to underly

* any lawful-Trial ; the AfTembly, in the Fear of God and Name of

* fejtH Chrtfiy moved bv Zeal to the Glory of God and Purging

* of this Kirk, ordains the faid Sentence of Excommunication in-

* ftantly to be put in Execution in Face of the Affembly, and by the

* Mouth of Mr. Andtew Hunter Minifter at Carnbie^ at Corfimand

* and Appointment of the Affembly; Declareth him to be one of

* th6fc wnom C/^r/y? commandeth to be holden, by all and every

* one of the F^thful, . 41s an Heathen or Publican i and ordainetn

* the Sentefice of Excommunication to be intimated in all Kirk$,

* that none pretend Ignqrajice thereof*. And accordingly he was
excommunicated, . nocwitbilantjing th^t he had appealed from them
to the GenciaLAffembiy of the Kirk proclaimed by His Majefty uj>-
on tlie iith;of A%y And th^s was done in the Month of nAprU
1586.

On the other hand, the Archbifhop caufed the Moderator of the
AfTembly, Mr. "jarries Mehil^ to be excommunicated, and hisBro-
chcr Mr. aAndreiu, and all thcfeof the. Synod that adhered to die
Sentence paft againft him : And fome Days after he publi&ed an

A a a a a 2 Ka-

371 T'/;fL//>o/Afr. PATRICK ADA MSONi Vol. /If.

J^,V7 Account of their whole Proceedings againflhim, and made an Ap-
^^"V^ peal from them to the Kinp, the Three Eftates of Parliament, and
the cnfuing General Aflcmbly.

The General Affcmbly having met at BdinhHrgh upon the Tenth
Thf r.,nf- of c?Wrtj, amongft other Tilings, they took into their Confidcra-
IbfoiveThim tion the Sentence of Excommunication againft our Prelate, and ab-
folved him from the fame ; but Mr. Andrew Humeri who pro-
nounced the Sentence againfliiim, protefted againrt the Alfcmbly;
and Mr. yindreiv cy^ehil and Mr. T^jomas Buchanan adhered to
his Proteftation : But after the Aflembly was diifolved, their Sen-
tence of Abfolution was intimate to tiic People by Sound of Trum-
pet; and by an Order of the Privy Council, he was appointed to,
teach two Leflbns of Theology every Week within St. Salvador i
College.

The General Afl'eiubly having met at Edinburgh in the Month
of June 1 587. a Complaint was given in againfl: our Prelate, for
having fuflPered himfelf to be denounced Rebel, and put to the
Horn for his Debts, which made many propofe to them, if they
could hear him without being guilty of Scandal : But the King's
Commiffioners moved, that nothing fhould be done againft him,
till fuch time as the Matter fhould be examined before tnc King.

The General AfTembly having met at Edinburgh in the Month of
j4ugiiji 1 588. our Prelate was cited to compear before them, for
b".*r"tht"* having married the Earl of Huntly without obliging him to fub-
m»5!'nBfh«' fcribe the Confefsion of Ruth: But he not compearing, the Aflembly
h. of hh^iij. g^yg Commifllon to the Presbytery o( Edinburgh to fummon him
to compear before them at fuch convenient Times as they fhould
think expedient, and to proceed and give Sentence againfl him ac-
cording to the Difcipline of the Kirk, as the AfTemblyiit felf might
do.
He pubu- In t'i6 Beginning of the Year 1 590. our Prelate publifhed the
""ni''"nV" Lamentations of the Prophet feremiah in Latin Verle, which he
dedicated to the King ; and towards the latter End of the fame
Year, he publifhed the Apocalipfc in Latin Verfe, which he dedi-
cated likewife to the King ; and in his Dedication, complains of the
harfh Ufage he met with from Mr. Andrew Mehil and his Copart-
ners : And indeed after this, we find, that they mifreprefenrcd him
fo to his Majefly, that the King gave the Liferent of his Biihoprick
to the Duke of Lennox ; by which Means, and the Debts which he
had contracted, he and his Family were reduced to a flarving Con-
dition ; and if we may believe the Presbyterian Hiflorians, he was
fupplicd by their Charity; but how improbable this is, will appear
from the following Copy of Verfes, addrcfTed to the King about
this Time, wherein he bcggs his Protection againfl them.

M

VoL III. Anh-Bifhop of St. Andrews.

yicl JUufirijJimum (^ Sereniffimum Principem, Jacobum fextum- ^Ai^
Scotortim Regem AdhortatiOy qua fe andiri pofiuUt, granjijjimis
adverjariorum odiis, (^ iniquis calummis lacejfitus At*thor
alioquens Mujam.

AVfpiciis J Mtija bonis^ bete lim'tna Regis,
Dijf cites aditus non habet ille locus.
Jnvenies iUic cafias, tua vota, [ororesy

Mujarum princeps pr&Jldet ipfe choro.
Cum te lugubrem, cum trifi,ia -viderit ora^

Jnquiret JubitA, quA tibi caufa 'vis, efi.
Tu -veniam pr&fata prius, pedibujque -voluta,

Pro 'Domtno Uchrymas dixeris ejfe tuo.
Abjecit aS^'ifas, fpntifque Heliconida Lymphis,

jBt luilu (J lachrymis vix fuperejfe putes-
Nejcio quid toto fujpirat pedfore Regewy

Regem Jole novo^ fole cadente 'vocat.
Nee petit ille nefas., jujia libramina lands,

Pojiulat imperii jura jidemque tut.
Si've ilium occult is ttchnis gens fubdola 'vexet,

Seu premat opprobrii e^ehiniana cohors :
Audi lUum^ Rex audi inquam, (i njera recorder,

Haud unquam caufa defuit ille tu*.
Cum quondam ajfereret, triplicis tua jura corona,

Partfiis arClo carcere vinous erat.
Et quum dijjereret, tua magna encomia laudans,

Londini, applaufus Uta theatra dahant.
^Tempora quid memorem, quorum pars magna fuijti,

Innjidioja, quibus fdus Athleta fuit,
Sic proprias exhaujit opes, impendta nulla

Rettulitt hdc auU gratia folafuit.
Glmd te per c^ufas, geniumque 65* debita fatis,

Regna tuis, nojiri nunc mijerere precor.
His dt^isy pojlquam furgentes or dine Mujas,

Vtderit ad Uchrymas ingemuijje tuas,
Et trijli afpiciens Bartajia numina vultu,

Haud dubie njotis annuet ille tuts.
Tt* voti compos caveas ne defide penna

Segnior in laudes reperiare Juas.

Mr. Calderwood fays (a), ' That in a Meeting of the Provincial ». D«.th
« AfTcmbly of ///if, conveened at St. aAndrews, in the Month of g^ ^'^*

* Aprtl 1 59 1. Mr. John Caldclough prefentcd in Mr. Patrick Adan>
< yow's Name, certain Articles written in Latin, containing his Re-
« cantaiion, which were read : and the Synod diredbed the Redlor

♦ of the Univerfity, Mt. Andrew Mehil, Mr. Robert PVilkie, David

B bbbb « fergufon

is) C«Ucr«r»o4'« C^ufch Hitwfi P>(( tyj.

374 "^^f Ltfe of Mr. PATRICK ADAMSON, Vol. III.

A^cO^ ' Ferqufjon and Mr. Nkol DalgUiJh to him, to crave a more dear
*^^^ ' and ample Recantation in tlic vulgar Tongue j which he did, and

* fubfcribcd with his own Hand; which Recantation he inlcrts at

* Large : And in the Paragraph immediately preceeding this, he
' (iiys, his NecefTity was fo great, that he was forced to crave Help

* ot Mr yindrew Melvil, confefted his OfFences, and offered to pre-

* fent himfelf to the Pulpit and make publick Confelfion : .But liaJ

* not the Hap to perform it. He fent to the Presbytery 6f St. j4nd-

* reivs and defired to be abfolved from tlie Sentence of Excommu-

* nication. Th.e Brethren doubting, whether his Defire proceeded

* from Trouble of Mind, or if it was a Shift, only to get fome Sup-
' port, dire(fted Mr. James Melvil and Mr. Andrew Q^oncrief to
' try him. As foon as he faw Mr. James, he pull'd off his Cap and
' cried, Forghe m, forpi-ve me jor Gods Sake, c/^r. James, for I

* have many Ways ofemed yoH. Mr. ^rtww forgave him, and ex-
' horted him to unfeigned Repentance. When he was asked, if

* he acknowledged the Validity of the Sentence of Excommunica-
' tion pronounced againft him ? He interrupted Mr. James, and
' cried pitifully and often, Loofe me for Chrif's Sake. At their

* Report, the Brethren, with Prayer and Thankfgiving, abfolvcd

* him.

All this has fo much the Air of a Fable in it, that the very reci-
tin<^ of it, is a fufficient Confutation of it ; unlcfs we fuppofe, thac
ou? Prelate was wrong in the Head, and indeed it looks like the
Ravines of one in a Fever : For is it to be fuppofed, that the Bi-
fhop was fo void of Senfe, that he had more Regard to the Sen-
tence of a provincial Synod paft againft him, than of a General
AfTembly that abfolved him: And altho' in his Chriftian Charity
he mi"ht, and no Doubt did forgive his Enemies, and particularly
the ey^dehils ; yet to make him acknowledge that he was only in
the Wrong, and cry for Mercy like a Child whipt at School, is fo
ridiculous,'that the Author it feems has only inferred it, to vindicate
his Characfterof our Prelate ; for, fpeaking of his Death he faysi'^;,
Mr. "Danjtd Black, a Man mighty in Dodrine, and fingular Fide-
lity and Diligence in the CaUing of the Miniftry, came to Mr. Pa-
trick in February the Year following, when he was drawing near to
his End, and found him as he lived, Senfelefs.

Archbifhop Spgtfwood gives another Account of this Affair, tho'
it does not much mend the Matter; for he fays (^;, fpeaking of the
Provincial Synod of Fife ; ' In this AfTembly, certain Articles were

* prefented, fubfcribed by the Archbifhop of St. oAndrews, allow-

* ing the Presbyterial Difcipline, and condemning the Government

* Epifcopal ; which were afterward imprinted, under the Title of
« Mr. Patrick Adamfons Recantation. The Bi/hop lay Bed-faft ac
« the Time, and was fallen into great NecefTity by his own Mifgo-
« vernment, whereof his Adverfaries taking Advantage, it was dtvi-
' fed, That he fliould be vifited by fome of the Brethren, and dc/T-

'rcd

C«) »»6« »<5- C*) Sfoif. HiA. Lib. «. P*g« 387.

Vol. III. y^rch-'BiJhop of St. Andrews. 2-7^

* led to leave a Telliniony under his Hand, ot his Opinion of Mat- J**''^'*^
' ters of Difcipline- This being moved unto him, he faid. That he v^v^

* did not trouble himfclf with fuch Thoughts at that Time, and had

* never allowed of any other Bifhop in the Church, but St. PauN

* Bifhop, which he would willingly fet his Hand to. Upon this his
I Anfwer, were thefc Articles drawn up and lubfcribed by him 5 whe-

* thcr he knew what was contained in them, or that he was induced

* thereto, by a poor CoUedion that they gave him in the Time

* ("for fo the Report went) or otherwife, it is uncertain : But when

* it was told him that fuch a Recantation was publifhedin his Name,

* he complained heavily of the Wrong that was done him, and com-
' mittin<y his Caufe to God, ended his Days in the End of the Year
' 1591. A Man he was of great Learning, and a moft perfuafive

* Preacher; but an ill Adminiftrator of the Church-patrimony,

* which broiight him to the Mifery that is pitiful to think of Di-

* vers Works he left; of which fome arc extant which Ihew hisLear-
' nincT : But his Preledions upon the Epiflle to Ttmothy, which

* were mofl dcfir'd, falling into the Hands of his Adverfaries, were

* fuppreffed.

Mr. Wtlfon, who publifhes our Prelate's Works, tells us, That he
was a Prelate endowed with fuch excellent Qualifications, both as
to Mind and Body, tliat he was a Miracle of Nature, and rather
feemed to be the immediate Produdion of God Almighty than
born of a Woman j beipg a profound Theologue, an incomparable
Poet an eloquent Qf:£^tDr, well feen in the Greek and Latin Lan-
guaees; a Prelate of ^reat Prudence, Experience, and Wifdom in
the Management of Affairs, skilful in the Civil and Canon Lawj
and of fo happy a Memory, that he did not know what it was tq
foreet any thino that he haa either heard or read : So that the Death
of Tuch a Perfon, who was the Glory of his Country and of theRe-
publickof Letters, can never be too much lamented : And a great
deal more to this Purpofe. But that I may fatisfic the Reader's Cu-
rriofity, I fhall fet down his own Words, in his Preface to the Rea-
der^ before our Author's Parafhrafe upon Job.

Jt in re Poetica quis Jit, quantufve, res ipfa loquitur :'hoc unum
audeo affirmare, Nerritnem, nee Theologia fctentia, Fidei ChrifitanA
analopa, facrd paging notitiay nec^ue Unguxfanax^enutna ac ortho-
doxa verfme, ex tdtomatis proprietate, nitore ac purttate, (quod cttra
cu]u(qmm coHturneltam diHum 'veltm) fimde qutd tentajje, Nunc
natura (D<xoxaA8v, hoc eft, pulchri ^ honefti ftudiofum finxtt,, cut ve-
ra inftdcbat f^l^^ anmi {cHicet tranquiliitas j in quo <vtrtutts
omnis braaea, ^ leminarium quodd^m, natural* ]ua$ndoU, medul-
Ittiuqutdem («f Plautina wcf «/-«r) (^ dtvtmtt<4 mhxreht i cundfts
anirm ^ corporis dott^M pnditw : iS (f«A;f4 M. TqlUum; naturt
munerihui adeo ornatus, u( non natiu, fed a Deofianf vtdeatur : (^
cut arte benigna {ut fert JuvenaUs) (^ meltore luto finxtt prxcordta,
Titan Dtvtnt^ Theologtu, linfi*^ facTA [ui temports Conphaeus i

Bbbbb i ora-

57<5 The Life of Mr. ?Ar KICK ADA MSO>^. Vol. III.

'^^-'^'^ orator (umrntis, [uadendo aptijsimM, poeta inftgnis, falix m to color,
C2%^ cuUm non invijHs, temper atum judicium, dUito Candida, numeri non
tiffed at i, ujti rerum, prudent ta ^ experientia plurimum pollens; (^
mafi alter jcientiarum ^ Itnguarum orbts, nihil hominem latuit :
Immo, mod omnium maxime mirum €5* rarum tjl, ret femel UHa Jen
(luditA oblivijci nuTjquam potutt. O auA profu/ijsima lachryma, tan-'
turn literarum decus, gentts Jut. illujtrijstwum lumen ; tantam pru-
dentin ajHuenttam morte in uno illo extmHam, jatis digne unquarn
defere pojjunt !

Yet nocwithftanding of all thefe high Elogiums, it mufl: be ac- .
knowledged, that our Prelate had not fo much Prudence and Ma-
naf^ement as could have been vvifh'd in a Pcrfon of his Chara(5ler,
otlierwife he had not reduc'd himfelf and Family to the pinching
Circumftances that Mr. Wtljon acknowledges he brought his Family
to : Neither Teems he to have had fuch Knowledge in the Writings
of the primitive Fathers and the Difciplineof the primitive Church,
as was rcquifue in a Perfon of his Charadter, otherwife he had not
made fuch ConcefTions and Compliances with Mr. Melvin and his
Brethren as he did : And altho' never Prelate of fo much Learning
and Merit as he had, was fo much calumniated by themj yet he
had not that Firmnefs and Refolution that was requifite to oppofe
their Malice; which made many believe, that he was guilty of what
he was really innocent of: And he was fo far from being ftupid
and fenflcfs in his laft Minutes, as they reprefent him, that ne com-
pofed the following Divine Poem, addrefled to his Soul then ready
to part with his Body : By which the Reader may judge of the
Brightnefs of his dying Sentiments, and the hellifh Contrivances
of his Enemies.

O Anima ! ajsiduis njitA jalfata procellis,
£xilii pertAja granjts ; nunc lubrica, tempfu
Regna tibi,^ ^ Mundi invtjas contemnere fordes.
§lftippe Tarens rerum^ cceco te corpore clemens
E'VOCAt, (^ verbi cruet fixi gratia^ cceli
Fandtt iter, patrioque beatam limine Jt/iet
Progenies Jovx, quo te calejiis origo
Jnnjitaty fcelix perge, Aternumque quiejce.
Exuvia carnis, cognato in puhere 'vocem
Jtngelicam expedient, fonitu quo putre cadaver
Extliet redivtvumy & totum me tibi reddet
Ecce beata dies : nos jiini dextera ligno
fulgentes Crucis, ^ radt antes fanguine njivo
Excipiet. Qjiitm firma illic quam cert a capejfes
Caudia, feltces inter novus tncola cfvtsf

iiAlme Deus, ^eus alme (f non efahile numen
Ad te mtim dS" trinums morihndo peiiore anhelo.

And

Vol. III. Jrdh-'BiJhop of St. Andrews. ,--

And thus expired our learned and pious Prelate ; And I doubt
if there can be many Inftances given of Perfons compofing Poems <^-^^*»^
like to this in the Agonies of Death; which (hews, of what a Divine srvC
Frame and Make the Soul of our Author was. Many excellent E-
pitaphs and Poems were made upon him , but I Ihall only t<puljlc
the Reader with that compofed by Mr. Wiljon.

QVifquis, ab exfremo njeniens oriente^ Viator^
Tergts ad oceani, (jua fol cadit aureus^ urtdat i
C^eu jjfocul a medii calidts humor thus aufiri
T^endis, hyperboreo rigidum contingere littus
frigore, ^ infam njentos aqutlonejurentes
Excitus fama mgenti, quA tanta jub auras
fertur, ($' immenfum late circunfuoUt orbem^
cyMagna fonans, magnum afsiduo vigil aera cantU,
*Durtt ftrtdens movety atque fe expattata repente
Sublimem excelfo toUtt fuper dthere magnum,
Regni Primatem, doilum, proh ! funere ademptum,
Mutate ^ rofeum pallenti morte colorem :
Hie confifie ; Vides atro de marmore limen
Vfcinumy tumulumque granjem, mo membra fepulchro
Mortua condunturj magni poji funera patris.
Livida^proh! hominemmors corripit, occidituna,
Ouidit jionidum cUrum decus, ipjaque acerbo'
JFlevit inexpletum maefiifsima Scotia cafu.
At pafsiM errantes lachrymas fudere Camcenoy
£t genus Aonidum vates, (^ quifquis am&num
Facundo 'volucris forttem bibet ore caballi.
J<lec minus attonitA gtxnuit pars maxima plebf/,
Jndeploratum non hunc in morte fupremaj
Reli^io, pietajquefmunt,.^ Numina T>i'uumf
Sic humana Erebi rapit implacabilis atra
Omnia no6fe{lues', jlcaltUm exangUe foporem
Corpus hunto carpit gelida, manefque fepuUtt
Fama (edjiternum duraty multoque Juperfies
^fvit inextjnUo per JAcula mmen honor e.

Tho Wolufenus parcnfaVit.

As our Author was one of the learncdft Men of his Age, Co he
was acquainted with many of the learnedfl Men in France arid !2r/-
tain\ efpecially the Engtijh Bi(hops find Clergy, with whorn he
kept a clofe Coilrcfpondcnce', and wh6 honoured him with that Re I
fpcO: that was due to his Merit upon all Occafions^ Thej&counc
of his Works I (hall give the Readctliii Mr. IVtlfons Words, who
publi(hpd th« tnofl of theoi-

c c c c c The

378 The Ltfe of. Mr.? ATKICK ADA MSON. Vol. fir.

The Catalogue of his Works.

NE te latecit (Pie Le<3or) quas Iticulrationes ac operofas vi^ilias
Author conjcrif ferity has in u[um tnum jnLjmj^cre 'vijum c(l .
jcrtp/it autem compluria.

I. ydc primUm ad'verjus papifrnum, in craj]iores ejujdem ahujus, ac de
juperflitiojis papicolarum ineptiis. Datum Sctn6H Andre&y 4
Calcndas Septemhrisy (t4nm 1 5(54.

II' QnechijMUS Latino carmine redclitus, (^ in Li (pros qt4atuor diae-
ps, 1577.

III. Serenijfimi ^ Nooilijfimi, Scotiity Anglic, FranciA ^ Hiherniae
Principis Hennci Stuarti, JllHJlrijjimi Heroisac Maria, Reain£
ampltjjim£ Filii Genethliacum. Pari/tis confcriptHniy ^ibi-
dem typis audacius comrnijJHmy 25 Jtmiiy Sexto a partu die^
I $66.

IV. Scrip/it Bit Hr gibus GaUorum in ipfo Belli Civilis furore €5* in-
cendtOy in C^naculo (ut fert ipfe) apud Hofpitem Biturigenfem^
quotidiano vita periculo jcptem menfes delitefcensy dum Marty-
rii Pari/ien/ts rabies conjlagrarety Jobi illam Htjloriam prAcU-
ram patientiae ac confianttae Orthoiypumy cum Tragoedta illms
Herodis qui ab Angela percujjus teterrime expiravity 1571.

V. j^pocalypfis S. Joannis Ihologiy Latino carmine redditay Sandi
yindrexy i5t/0.

VI. Hirenorumfi've Lamentationum E Elciae Libel/us, Latino Carmi-
ne rcdditusy Fano Andre &y 1590.

VII. Confejjio Fidei ^ Do6lrin&y per Eccleftam Reformatam Re^ni
Scotiae receptae, exhibits ordinibus Regni ejujdem in pubucis
Parliamenti (ut vocant) Comitiis, (^ eorum commnni conjenfti
approbate, uti certijjimis fundamentis verbi Dei innixae (^
confentaneA, i^Jl-

VIII. Diledlis in Chrifto fratribus fuis, D. D. Roberto Pontano (^
Nicolao Dalglefheoy Ecclefu ScoticanA PafioribuSy ac Eccle/iajfi-
CO comitiorum publicorum ediifo in jeptentrionales Scot i a Regni
partes emijjis ad Paptfmi facem ibidem refiinguendaw, pru-
dentijjimum ^ faluberrimum Authoris conjilium comple^ens de
EcclefiA ejujdem politia ^ moderatione 158(5.

IX. Sele^iora quAdam ex aliis per mult is Author is Epigramma-
ta.

Haec omnia fimul edita funt Londini, 1^19. apud Joannem Xil-
Hum, in 4to.

Opera inedita>

X. Sex de politia Mofaica Libros, cum EccleJiA Orthodox* Hicrarchia
foltita orations dtferte confcrip/tt,

XI. Salomonis

579

Vol. III. ^nh-Bifhop of St. Andrews.

XI. Salomonis Ecclejiaflen^ dt fummo hominis bono concionem com-
tledentem, qud, de vera bedtitudine ^ reHis vita OfHciis pra- '^A^k

A "^-j. A/ I An. I to I.

cepta contmet. v^V*w

XII. Vaticinia etiam Danielis, Joelis, oAmoji, jibdia, Jonx, Hah-
bacuci, Ha^Ai, cornplura ettam Poematafacra altaque frafwen-
ta utroaue id tow ate confcripta.

XIII. De Potitia ^ Dijciplina Ecclefiaftiea.

XIV. 'T>e veneranda Ant i ft it urn digmtate €5* cum B. Paulo or-thg-
doxa Epifcopali authoritate-

XV. De ejujdem B. Tauli Peregrinatione.

XVI. Prded tones etiam do^ifstmas in utramque adl'i/notkum The*
ologicas, una cum fcrutationibus in reliquas ornnes Tdulinas.

XVII. PfiUum (five Pfilton) cum antmadverfionibus in feaas Mel-
vinianas.

XVIII. Jpologiam, five libellum ajpologeticum pro augupfsima Reaid
e^ajejiate^ Anno 1584. adverjus pertinaces ju& Majefiatis ob*
tre^atores mordacifsimos (Sf maleferiatos.

XIX. jipolo^iam contra fuos dmulos.

XX. Orat tones etiam apologeticas €5* funebres illuftrijsima matris
f^arU Kegin&y ^ inftgnium Regni procerum.

XXI. Regni etiam, totiujque Britannia annalcs candide confcrip/tt,
quos ad extremum non produxit'

Scripfit etiam alia cornplura, tarn adRtligionem quam ad Reipub-
Itca fiatum pertirientia} > qua nifi Jumma temporis injur iai ^
malevolorumihqminum odiis atque invidia hue illuc disjeHa^ in
^varias forent manus dijcerpt^ jampridem in lucem prodtijfinf
omnia.

Ccoccx THE

(ion.

J

380 ^ VoUjf.

t;^ THE

LIFE of T>AV1T> CHAMBERS of

Ormond:, one of the Senators of the Col-
lege of Juftice.

^.^ g.^,^, m wm <^HIS Gentleman was born in the Shire ot Rojs,
.nd tduc»- H in the North of 4$Vo//tf««/, and had his Education

in the Univerfity of aAb&deen ; where, after he •
had finifhed the Courfe of his Studies in Philofo-

phy, he applied himfelf to Theology, and enter'd

Heftud(ef ■'^^- into Orders, and the Study of the Laws, and ftu-

T,\mt ^nd died them for feveral Tears in France and Italy ; and we find, that
""'■'■ he was ftudying at 'Bologne in /M/y, under Marianus Soz^ems (<?),
in the Year 1 55(5.

Upon his Return to Scotland, he was made Chancellor of Rofsy

and I'arfon of Suddyy and in his Dedication to Queen Af^rj of his

He letufM Book concerning theSingularitiefs of .yfor/^n/ , he fays, Thathewas

""emVioVd the. firft, that by her Command djgefted the Laws of Scotland into

'."hrAQl"of Older, and in the Proclamation given, out by Queen ikf^ry for that

luilZ^i^ Effe(5l, we find him amon^ft others employed in that Edition of the

scflion."^'''* A(fts of Parliament, which were publifhcd at 'Edmburgh in 1565.

and are commonly called, TToe 'Black ji6ts of Parliament, from

their being printed in the Black Letter. Not long after this, he

Avas made a Lord of the Seflion, and during all Queen Marys

Troubles, he faithfully ferved her, and when tliat unfortunate Prin-

cefs was overcome by her rebellious Sub)e(fls, our Author my Lord

io'fl« 'tf ' Ormond retired to Sfain, where he was kindly received by K. Phtlip^

s;*,.,^^.nd to whofe Liberality, he owns, he was much obliged (b). Having

w/l-.'/ flaid for fome Time in Spain he went to France, where he was no

lefs graciouHy received by Charles IX. King of France, to whom

he prefented in the Year 1 571. an Abridgment of the Hiflory of

Scotland, France and England; and the next Year he publifhed at

Fans, a Difcourfe concerning the lawful SucccfCon of Women to

the PoflefTions of their Parents, and of PrincefTes to Empires and

Kingdoms, which he dedicated to the Queen Mother of France^

Catharine de Medici.

In the Year 1 579. he augmented his Abridgment of the Hiflory
ot Scotland, France and England, with the Hiftory of all the Popes
and Emperors, and dedicated it to Henry the third King of France
and Poland. The fame Year, he likewife published his Enquiry
concerning the mofl remarkable Things in the Government of Scot-
land ; which he dedicates to Queen Mary. All thefe being pub-
lilhcd in one Volume, I ftiall give the Reader an Account of them,

according

(.a J iiDguUiilici ol ScotUodj Page i-ol. 14. (i) See huDcd. (oHcoiy lU,

Vol. III. One of the Senators of the College Of luflke. " TJ^

according to the Order that our Author has been plcafed to aive r^^

them. ^ wiLiSj

The firft, IS his Hiftorical Abridgment of all the Kincs ol Scot- a.a......

land, France and England, as lilcewife of all the Popes and Em pc- '"''"'"'"■
rors. In this Abridgment our Author has given an Account of the
mod remarkable Things that have happened in Europe, from the
Creation of tlie World to his own Time i And in his Preface he
tells us, That the Lives of the Popes are tatcn out of the Writings
of St. Jerom, Bijebius, Talmerus, Proffer, PUtma, Onuphrius
PontACus, and a pontifical Hiftory writ in Spanifh. The Lives oi
the Emperors, from the Writings of Suetonius, Plutarch, Volete-
ranus, Carlon, Fafciculus Temporum, Cujpinian, Cenchrard, and
the Hiftory of the Emperors writ irt Spanifh. The Hiftory of
France, from c<ie Annals of France, Paulus Emtlius, Caguin, JrnoU
TerromUs, William Parradin, Guicciardin and Paul fow. That
of England, from the Writings of Gildas, Froijjard, Couper, Har-
ding, Calfrid, Caxtin, Poljdore Virgil, Hales, Grafton, and the
Annals of England. And Laftly, that o( Scotland, from the Writ-
ings of Verumundus a Spaniard, Turgot BiOiop of St. AndreivSy
John Sicinton, John Camphel, WtUiam Elphinflon Bifhop of Aber-
deen, Hector Boetius, the Black Book of Scoon, and the Chronicles
oi Colrns Inch and Icolmkill.

His next Book, is his Enquiry into the fnoft remarkable Things
concerning the Government of Scotland. Our Author fuppofes,
That every Kingdom or State, is fupported by three Pillars, Valour
to Fight and ConqUer ; Religioh to regulate their Duty towards
God; and Juftice to regulate their Duty towards their Neighbour :
All which are eminently feen in the Scots Conftitution. And firff
our Author (hows, from our own and foreign Hiflories, That there
never was a braver Nation than the Scots, of which there are unde-
niable Inftartces, by their defending of their Country and Monarchy,
for fo many Hundreds of Years, againfl fo many powerful Ene-
mies, as the Romans, ' Saxons, Danes, Nor'vegians, Britons, Pids,
Normans'iind Englijh : None of which could ever fubdue them j
by tlieif expelling the Britons, and fubduing the P/V?/, ' and by the
larcc Conqucfts they made df the Northern Countries of fw^/^W.
idly. As to Religion, our Author fhoWs, That the W/ embraced
tiie Chriftian Religion in the id orjdCtnturyj Thit after they had
embraced it, none jirofcfTed k with more Purity arid Zeal than they
did ; Witnefs the Multitude of' their Holy P'riefts, '\9hich they Tent
from Icblmkill, to convert the Jrifh and South Britotfi \' and their
conftant Oppofition to all Hereticks and Heretical Dodlrines.' And
laflly, as to thePiUar of Juftice, or of rendering to every Man what; in
Reafbn is his Due ;• our Author iKows from the Cbnftitution o^our
Parliament, Scffion and Other inferior Codrrs of Judicature, That'Tii-
flitc is no where fo well admirtiflrated as in Scotland! After this our
Author flicws/ Tiiat die Government o( ^S^otiahd,'fhdi bQ^n always
Monarchical, and under onii Race! of Kiri^s'; ThdrioNatioftin tli^

D d d d d World

^8l TheLifeof DA VIJD CHAMBERS of Ormond, Vol. Ilf.

World can parallel. Aiterthis, our Author treats of the three i:ftatcs
rw-V-^ that compo("c our Parliament; the firft of which is the Lords Spirt-
Crv^ tual, the Archbifhops, Bifhops mitred, Abbots and Priors j and here
he fticws how ufcful at all Times the Clerey has been to the Rcpub-
lick , not only by their holy and exemplary Lives, and their great
h0.s of Charity ; but likewife by tiieir prudent Advices, in the Ma-
nagement of the greatcft Affairs of State ; and Inftances in his own
Days, in the wife and prudent Condudtof 'James Beaton Arclibifhop
of Glajgovoy and Ambaffador from the Queen, to Henry III. King
of France ; of John Lejly Bifliop of Ro[sy Ambaffador from the
Queen, to the Qiieen of England; and William Chijolm Bifhop of
Vmhlain, and Vafon in Trovence., Ambaflador from the Queen,
to the Pope. The fecond Eftate of Parliament, is the Nobility and
Gentry, and here our Author fhows the different Degrees of tiic
Nobility of Scotland, as they were in his Time : The firfl of which
is the Princes of the Blood, the King's eldefl: Son being always fai-
led the Prince of Scotland, (incc King Jndtilfus Time, about the
Year 945. Next to the Princes of the Blood, arc the Dukes , the
firfl of this Order was Rokrt Sttiart Earl of Bfe^ and Son to King
Robert about the Year 1570- Next to them arc the Earls (butlince
his Time are the Marquiffes) who fucceeded to the Thanes, and
were firft inftituted by King (^Malcolm Canmore about the Year 1061.
Next to them are the Vifcounts. And Laftly, The Lords. All
thefe have their different Privileges and Power, according to their
Patents and Charters granted to them by the King, and they are
called the greater Barons. The leffer Barons called Lairds, were
likewife obliged to appear of old perfonally in Parliament ,; but
this being a heavy Burden put upon them, they defired to be excu-
fed from their Attendance in Parliament ; which Favour was gran-
ted to them by King James I. upon the Condition of their fending
two, three, or more from every Shire to reprefent them {Vid. Pari
■7. Caf. 1 01.) Yet they madcnoUfe of this Privilege for above 15a
Years, till King James VL to balance the Nobility, got them re-
ftored to that Right ; and ever fince, there are two fcnt from every
Shire, who are Commiffioners for the Shires. The third Eftate of
Parliament, afe the Burrows or BurgefTes, whom he claffes into
three Ranks. The firft arc the Gentlemen or Barons Sons, who
have taken themfelves to Trades. The fecond is the Sons of old
Burgeffes, the Rife of whofe Families cannot be well inftru(5ted j.
and the laft is the Tradefmen and Labourers. After this our Au-
thor gives an Account of all the Regents or Governors of the Re-
alm, that the Eftatesof Parliament have made choice of during the
Minority of their Princes.

Then our Author treats of the Officers of State : The Firft of
which is the Chancellor, who then was the principal Judge in all
Civil Cafes : The Juftice-General, who is Judge of all Criminal
Cafes committed by Land : The Lord High Admiral, who is Judge
of all Civil and Criminal Cafes amongft Mariners, and of all o-

ther

y^N/'vi

Vol. III. One of the Senators Of the College of Ju[iice. igj

ther Cafes concerning Traffic by Sea. Next to the Chancellor is
the Prefident of the Sefllon, who then was always obli^^ed to be a '^""'^^^
Churchman; but all Criminal Accufations were judged only by the ""**
judges according to the Verdidt of Thirteen Men, or more, who
were to be chofen : So that none of them could be furpc(5led of
Partiality, reputed Men of good Confciences, and of the fame Sta-
tion with the Pcrfons : And thefe are called The yijsiz,ers. The
Lord High Conftablc is Judge in all Criminal Cafes committed
wichin two Leagues of the King's Court ; and as he has the Charf^c
of Guarding the Doors of the Parliament whilft they are fittinfr, fo
the Lord High Marifchal has the Care of the Barriers and ^eats
Vithin the Houfe, and of appointing to every Perfon his Seat ac-
cording to his Degree and Quality. The Lord High Chamberlain
is Sovereign Judge in all Adlions Criminal, committed by Burgeffes
Within their refpedive Burghs, accufed and indi(5led by the King's
Advocate : Arid as thefe Courts, held within Burghs by the Cham-
berlain, are called Chamberlain ^jres; fo the Courts held by the
Juftice-Gencral, for Crimes committed without the Burghs, are cal-
led Jupce Ayres : Which Courts were very old in Scotland, being
firft eftabli(hed by Coranus, the 45th King of Scotland, about the
Year of bur L O R D 50a The Wardens of the Marches are Jud^^es
of all Thefts, Robberies and Crimes that are committed upon the
Borders of Scotland and England. The Scots Confervator in Flan-
ders, is Judge of all Matters of Traffic amongft the Merchants, ac-
cording to the Privileges that are granted to them there.

And here oiir Author refers to the Rcgiam Majejlatem, and the
Iter Jujiitiarij, for the Privileges, Preheminences and Salaries ap-
pointed to each of thoft Judges : And tells us, That the Perfons
then employed were, fohn Stuart Earl of At hole, Chancellor: The
Earl of Argyle^ Lord Juflice-General and Mafler of the Houfhold^
Francis Stuart, Son to the Earl of Bothwel, Lord High Admiral.
The Earl of £rrol, Hereditary LordHigh Conflable. TheE^rl
of e^arifch'al, Hereditary Lord Higli Marifchal. My Lord Fte-
mrig, Lord High Chamberlain. My Lord Humey Guardian or
Wirdien of the Eafl Marches : My Loid Harris, of the Wefl : And
the Laird of Sesford, of the Middle. Arid the Reverend, Abbot
James Balanden, Prefident of the Seffion.

As to the Officers of the King's Houfhold, our Author enume-
rates, The Captain of the Guard, wHole Office is to accompany His
Maiefly where ever he goes, with a certain Number of Gentlemen
well armed, for defending of His Sacred Perfoh. The Lord Trea-
f urer, who takes care of the King's cafual Rents : And my Lord
Comptroller, who takcfs care of his other Revenues. My Lord Se-
cretary, wiiofe Office is to manage all the important Tranfadipns
betwixt the Sovereign and his Su^eds, and betwixt Him and all
foreigij Princes, As for the refl of^the inferior Officers of the Hou-
fliold, our Author takes no more Notice of them, but that they
verc all generally eitbex Noblemen or Noblehiens Sons, and were

D d d d d Z re-

384 The Life of DAVID CH A MBEKS of Ormonl Vol. fl J.

regulate in the fame Order as the Servants of the HoufholcJ in

'^f^ France arc

^^V>^ The next Thing our Author treats of, is the Laws by which the
Scots are govcrncJ; and thefe arc either Ecclefiaftic or Civil : Tlic
Ecclefiaftic Laws are founded upon tlie Canon Law and the De-
crees of the General Councils ; and the Civil Laws, upon the an-
cient Cuftonis of the Kingdom, or upon the Laws of the Romans.
After this, our Author divides t\\o Scots into three different Sorts of
People, according to their three different Languages : And the firf^
is tliofe who (jpca'k En^liJI), which was firfl: brought into the King-
dom by Margaret, Malcom Canmore's Queen, about the Year 106 1.
And this is fpoke by all the Noblemen and Gentlemen of the Low
Countries. The Second is the Gachlet, as our Author calls it, which
is fpoke by the Highlanders and the Jnjh : And our Author fays,
That fome of the MifTionary Jefitites found this Language (pokcn
amongft fome of the Indians. The Third is the Norfe, fpoke by
many of the Inhabitants o( Zetland and Orkney : And here he gives
an Account of fome particular Cufloms that are amongft each of
thefc People. And Laflly, He concludes with a Political Difcourfc
concerning the Caufes of the mutual Friendfliip and Love betwixt
Kings and their Subjedls, and the mutual Love of Subjeds towards
one another.

Our Authors lafl Performance, is upon the Succeflion of Women
to the Inheritance of their Parents : And he tells us, that the Oc-
cafion o( his writing this Book, was in Defence of his Royal Miflrefs
Queen c^ary.

This Book is divided into II Heads or Chapters. In the ifl
Chapter, for the better underftanding of what he is to fay, he gives
the Definition and Divifion of the Laws. The Law then, taken in
its general Acceptation, is the Science of Right and Equity, dif^
cerning what is jull from what is unjufi: (a) : And is divided (l;) firfl
into publick and private Laws ; The Publick confifls in what belongs
to the Church and State ; for without Religion and Juflice no Re-
publick can flourifh. The Private Law (c) is what concerns every
individual Man ; and this is taken cither from the Precepts of the
Law of Nature, as the Right of all Nations (d) ; or from a pofitive
Law. The Law of Nature, taken in a large Senfe, is what is not
only proper to Men, but to all Animals: According to the Do(5tors
of the Canon Law, 'tis the common Notions and Opinions that are
naturally engraved in the Hearts of all Men tending to a rational
and happy Life. The Law of Nations (e) is that which natural
Rcafon hath conflituted to be obfervcd by all Men, their Neceffity'
requiring it; neither is the Pofitive Law (/) different from it, a-
greeing ni all Things with the Laws of Nature and Nations ; and
is divided into a Divine and Humane Law. A Divine Law (g) has
its Rife and Origine from the Divine Reafon, to which belongs all

lings

(*) Lib. I de Teft. ff. (t) De Inftit. & Jur. ff. (t) L. Glo. 5 hujui, Inftii. d« juft. & jur. (J) Difl. U i- ff- d».-
jolt 4( jtu. (<) $ 1, loliit. it juic Ml. gtot. fit ci7. (f) I. Jul O'. tf- dc juft. tn jur. (£) Quit. Cap. i- Dili. I.

Aa. 159*.

VoL III. One of the Senators of the College of Jujlue. 2^ j

Yhings that have any Reference to the Worihip ot God, either in
the Old or New Teflamenc. A Humaric Law (a) is what has its
Rife and Origine from humane Reafon; and properly it Is called
The Civil Law, as being ordered (b) by a particular People, or by
thofe of" a City, for the Prefervation of their Country or City. But
the following Example will make the Reader better underfland
thefe Divifions of the Laws, to wit: The Law of Nature (c) excites
us to Society, as we fee it obferv'd amongft all Animah of the fame
Species 5 and this is the final Scope and Defign of all Laws : In con-
fideration of which, the Law of Nations not only orders, that eve-
ry Man fliould be diligent and ledulous in the Vocation and Erri-
^loyment to which he is called; but likfewife, that according to
their Diligence, fo they fhould be either rewarded or punilhed. The
Poficivc Humane Law, otherwife called The Civil Law, fhews how
the Vertuous ought particularly to be rewarded, and what Pumfh-
ments are to be mf^ided on the Bad. The Law of Nature, accord-
ing to the Canonifts, {d) Ihews that all Things are governed by a
God : And the Pofitive Divine Law, IheWs that this God is our
BlefTed Lord and Saviour, united with God the Father arid the Ho-
ly Ghoft in the Myftery of the Trinity : It likewife Ihews the Man-
ner and Method of Worfhipping God.

Our Author hiving laid down thefe Principles, in the id Chap-
ter he proceeds to fhevi' the Hereditary Feminine Succellion by tlie
Law of Nature. Vlpian the Lawyer Ihews, (e) how that the Edu-
cation of Cliildren by their Parents, is a Law of Nature commoa
to us and the brute Beafts, as we daily fee by the Care that all A-
niriials take about their Young : And 'tis plain and evident, that the
Provifions that are eiven by Parents to their Children, according
to the different Cultoms of the Countries in which they live, is for
their Nourifhment and Suftenancc {i) ; and thofe that defrauded
them of it, were look'd upon and ertefemcd as Homicides. During
the Ciolden Age, which lafted froni the Days of jdddm to Nimrodt
all Things were in common ; but afterwards, when each had their
Portions adlgned to them, to deprive Women of their Hereditary
Right, were a plain Tranfgrelfion of the Law of Nature, efpecially
when Nature (eems to point out the quite contrary ; for all Females
tun the Hazard of their Lives in bringing forth their Young, and
very often lofc them, and when the Young are brought forth, they
run to the Mother for their Noilfilhmcnt, without evef noticing the
Father ; fo that Nature feems to tell us plainly. That We ought to
have more Regard to the Females than the Males.

In the Third Chapter, our Author rcafons frorb the Law of
Nations, which was introduced by the Breath of the Law of Na-
ture {f) : By the firft Inftrucftion of this Law, for Dividing
of Goods, Nations were feparated, Kingdoms were limiteai

£ e e e e and

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4€ jufc (COL a*(. fc dr.

g 86 TheLiJeof DAViDCHAMBLB^S of Ormond, Vol. III.

and all Contracfbs introdiic'd, and all Padions and Agreements in
Xy^C Human Society : Now, before tlic Introdiicftion of this I.aw, wlicn
'^'^'^ all Tilings were in common, that Women liad an equal Privilege
witli Meti, is plain from the i ft Chapter ot Gmefis^ and when v.
was introduc'd, altho' Men have many fpecial Privileges {a) that
are not granted to Women, yet there was never any Nation, no,
not the moft barbarous, but allowed the Hereditary Succenion to
the Deftinations of their Parents, and fecuied them in their Doua-
ries J it belonging particularly, to the Republick, to (cttle and fe-
cure them in that {b\ for the Multiplication of Mankind, in which
the Strength of the Republick conflfts.

In the 4th Chapter, our Author reafons, From tlic PoHtive Di-
vine Law, by all Hiftories, facred and prophanc, we find, (c) that
there was never any Perfon, that had the leu ft Degree of Keafon,
but acknowledged that there was a God or Gods, who took care of
the Things here below; nor was there ever any People fo ignorant,
but had their own Gods whom they owned {d)-^ nor any Nation fo
barbarous, {c) but worftiippcd with fuch Sacrifices and Ceremonies
as their Legiflators thought fit to pre(cribe to them. We Chriftians
acknowledge the Laws of the Jeo^j, as delivered in the Old Tefta-
mcnt, to be the Pofitive and Divine Law of the Eternal God : Now,
what the Law was amongft God's People the Jfraelitesy as to the
SucceHion of their Males, their LegiOator A'lojes tells us, m thefe
Words: (/) <t4nd the Lord fpiike unto Mojes, J'^ying, Vnto tbofe the
land Jhall be divided for an inherit ame^ according to the number of
mimes: to many., thou Oj alt ginje the more inheritance., and to few,
thoH fhalt give the lej's inheritance; to every one ^all his inheritance
be given., according to tbofe that zvere numiredof him : notwithfand-
ing, the land Jhall be divided by loty according to the names of the
tribes of their fathers they Jhall inherit ; according to the lot Jhall the
pojjefsion thereof be divided between many and few.

And as this is a clear Decifion as to tlie Succeftion of the Males,
fo in the next Chapter there is one for the Females, (V) in the Cafe
of Mahlah, Neah^ Hoglah., Milcah and Tirz^ah, the five Daughters
of Zelovhehad, of the Tribe of Manajfeh 5 who coming before Mo-
fes, ana before Eleaz,ar the Prieft, and before the Princes and all
the Congregation, faid. Our father died in the wildernejs, and he
WAS not in the company of them that gathered themjelves together a-

fainjl the Lord in the company of Corah., but died in his own fin, and
ad no fons ; xvhy jhould the name of our father be done away jrom a-
jrwrgfl his family becaufe he hath no fan ? give unto us therefore a poj-
fefsion among the brethren of our father. oAnd Mojes brought their
caufe before the Lord ^nd the Lord Jpake unto Mofes, (aying, The
daughters of Zelophehad fpake right : thou /halt fiycly give them a
pojjefsion of an inheritance among fi^ their fathers brethren, af/d thou

Jff^

f«) L. In multii de ft., lion., ft. d. I . i ff. df )ure doi L. ft. f<^lu. m.ir. (*)!■»• * •!' jure .for. I. i. tt. Inlu. rj«r-
\t) S. Auf. it nvitite Dei, Lib. 1 1 8c M- 8c Ciceio de n»lul« Ocorum. W Bocc«ci 4e U Cenea). J«$ UicuK. (0 ll"«lcm.
C/) Numb. xxvi. 15— -5}. (i) Numb, xxyii.

Vol- III. One of the Senators of the College of Juftice. 287

Jhalt cmfe the inheritance of their fathers to pafs unto them: oAnd
thoiifhattfpeA unto the children oflfrael, faying, If a man die, and "yf^^
have no Jon, then ye fh all caufe his inheritance to pafs unto his dautrh- "^^^
ten and if he have no daughter , then ye fh all give his inheritance
mto his brethren ; and if he have no brethren, then ye fhall vive his
inheritance to his fathers brethren; and if his father have no brethren
J hen ye fhall give his Inheritance to his kinjman that is next to him
of his family, and he fhall po^jefs tt : and it fhall be unto the children
of Israel a ftatute of judgment.

In the 5th Chapter, our Author re^fons from the Pofitivc Hu-
mane, or Civil Law ; The Pofitive Humane Laws were brought in
al^er the Law of Nations, either to augment or diminifh it, accor-
ding to the Advice of Lawyers, and prudent and wife Men : (a)
Thus, for Example, as to the Augnienting of it, the Law of Nati-
ons ordains the Thief to be punifhed, without condefcending upon
the Tunifliment; but the Pofitive Law orders him to be hanged:
and he that is guilty of Homicide, to lofc his Head. And as to
the Diminifhing, the Law of Nations requires, {b) that Promifes
ihould be obferved ; but the Pofitive Law requires not this in Mi-
nors or mad Men, and fo of the refl.

And fince the Number of Pofitive Laws diat were made during
theMonarcliiesofthe4jyrw«5 Perfims, Grecians and Romans, zr%
almoft infinite, thefe writ by the Romans have obtained the Prefe-
rence above all the refl, not only upon the account of their havine
conquered and fubdued thefe Empires, but upon the account ot
their Realbnablenefs : Now, by the Law of the 12, Tables, (c) the
Daughters of the Romans did fuccced, equally with their Brethren
to the Goods of tncir Parents that died without making a Tefla-
ment ; but fome ^\n\c afterwards, by the Advice of Lawyers and
the Praetors, {d) the Daughters Portioi $ were diminilhed in favours
of their Brethren, for the better preferving the Names of their Fa-
milies : (e) For tlie Male Children were called after their Fathers •
"whereas the Daugliters took upon them the Names of their Huf^
bands, and retained the fame Names when they were Widows.
But by the Imperial Conflitutions and Jufltnians Laws, all Diffe-
rence is taken away, (f) In the Succcih'on of Males and Females
to the Goods' of their Parents, the Parents cannot defraud their
Children of their legal Portion (g): That is to fay. If they have
four Children, or fewer, the fourth Part of all their Moveables and
Immoveables is to be diflributed amongfl them; the Douarics of
the Women and the Debts being firfl paid : And if they have fix
Children, or more, the Half mufl likewife be diflributed amonc^fl
them, and the Parents may difpofe of the reft as they pleafe. And
of this legal Part, neither the Females nor Males can be exclude<J,
unlefs they can prove againft them fome of the 14, Crimes {h)fp^7

E c e e e I cmed

(«; B«i. in L. Inltidum. (f. dc cnn. Iiulr. (*J L I- J«p«». toto titulo, ft & da rainoribut. (f) C«, i. 7 Oift U >i K
ong. juru. U) Ia Mi«i«iym ,.tioa< 4* llb«r. Prtflor. («) L. (. f D»nonci«r«, 9. it v<i>t. lofp. ( f J r. « R.luJi
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A|<f«L e«»((. CoL *lu. ■•

it

388 - The Life of D^V I r> CHAMBERS of OrmorjJ, Vol.111.

cificd in the Laws tor excluding ot Males, or of the ij fpecificdfor
^S^ excluding of Femalts. ^ ,

r*^W> Our Aurhor having thus fliown, now Women fucceed to the
Goods of their Parents by the Laws of Nature, Nations, theDivino
and Civil Lawj he proceeds, in the next place, to fhew how, by
the farne Laws, they fucceed to publick Governments. Andintho
6th Chapter, he fhews the Excellency of Monarchy above all other
Governments, and the Qualities that arc rcquifit in a King.

In the 7th Chapter, he (hewS the Succeflion ot Women to pub-*
lick Governments by the Law of Nature, fince Women lucceed to
the Goods of their Parents by the Law of Nature, as has been pro-
ven ; and that they cannot be defrauded ot them : By the fame l^yf
they Ihould fucceed to the Governments of their Parents, for there
is a common Rule in the Law, Vvhich fays, (a) Where the Law makes
no DiJ^indton, we ought to make no Diftinilton. And here our Au-
thor Ihews, that Women are naturally as capable of Government
as Men, finCe they are endued with Reafon as well as they: And
GOD Almighty Teems to point this out to us in the Hiflory of
their Creation ; for, fays our Author, She was not formed out of
his Head, that fhe might domineer over himj nor out of his Feet,
that fhe fhould be trampled upon and enflaved by him ; but out of
his Rib, to fhew, that fhe is a Copartner with him in all his natural
Endowments.

In the 8th ChaJ)ter, our Author reafons from the Law of Nations,
by which the Female Government is confirmed by many Inflances,
which our learned Author brings from the Hiflories of all Nations ;
in which he fhews an immenfe Reading : Yea, fays he, not only e-
very Nation has had theif Ferhale Governors, but there have been
fome Nations goVernfed only by Women , fuch as the Amaz^ons^ a
Nation of the Scythians, confifting all of Women (l>) , and their
Queen Tenthe/ilea afllflcd the Troians againft the Grecians; and
another of their Queens, Thalejlris, is famous in Hiftory. Accor-
ding to Plutarch., the Men in AchaU (c) were fo weak in their Pru-
dentials, that for a long Time they were govern'd by Women. And
in ancient Times, the fole Government of Badria was by Women.
And Straho tells us, {d) tlie Tenejians and Sahrttes were only gover-
ned by Women. The Bohemians, for a long Time, were very pru-
dently governed by a Race of Queens. The Kingdom of Panidea,
in the Eafl Indies, was likewife governed by Worhen (e). The Tro-
glodttes in Africa were governed by Women. And Dionysus Halt'
carnajj^us fays, (/) That there was a Law amongfl the Lydians and
JSlumtdtLms, That the Women fhould command within Doors, and
the Men, without Doors. Lycurgus, in his Laws to the Lacedemo-
nians, orders (g) the Men to provide for their Families, and the
Women to govern them. Stob&us tells us of a People in A^rica^
called the Buaoiy where the Women are governed by a Woman,

and

(.*) Clo, II, .Q.o. Inft it iQ. (») Vide Troj. Pomp. ProC OioJnr. Seal. Htredob («) PUc. d( cosibL (,d) Lib. t.
(•) Hcied. Lib. 1. loll. Lib. 1. (f ) ubi fapii. {jj) Lfciugw', L<wt.

Vol. III. One of the Senators of the College of Jufttce. ^Xa

and the Men, by a Man. After this, our Autnor gives a Lift of
famous Queens wlio have diftinguifheti themfelves in Hiftdry, by rvs^
their Valour, Prudence and Wildom. ^ ^ '^^Ji^

In the 9th Chapter, our Author reafons from the Divine Law :
Where we find the ProphetefTes, Deborah, who judged Urael^ and
whofe wife Conducfl: and Valour vvc have an Account of in the 4.th
Chapter of the Book of fudges. Here our Author gives likcwife
fcveral other Inftances, of the wife Condud and Prudence of \Vo-
nien, from the facred Scriptures.

In the lOth Chapter, our Author reafons from tne Civil Law '
which allows Women to be Tutrixe's to their Children {a) .' And
here our Author gives a vaft Number of Inftances of Queens who
have governed, in the Minority of their Children, with fuch Wif^
dom and Prudence, that they have obtained the univerfal Applaufe
of all Nations.

In the I ith Chapter, our Authot anfwers the particular Obiedli-
ons made againft Queen QyMarys Acceftion to the Crown of Eng-
land; which are, firft, from the Words of ©fwfero^owy, Chap. xvii.
Verfe id. When thou art come unto the land ivhuh the Lord thy Cod
gtveth thee, and (halt pojjefs tt, and /halt diuell therein, and (halt
Jay, IwiU.fet a king over me, Itkeas all the nations that are abouP
,me\ thou Jhalt jn any ivije make him king over thee ivhom the Lord
thy God.Jhall choofe, one from among thy brethren [halt thou fet king
over thee : thou mayfi not Jet a Jirariger over thee which is not thj
brother. By thefc Words, the Queen's Enemies pretended to prove,
that it was not only unlawful to make choice of a Woman to be
Queen over them, but hkewife, to make choice of a Stranoer.
idly, That by the Law of Nature, Women could not fucceecfto
Governments- 3dly, By the Municipal Law oi England, That all
Perfons born cither of Farlier or Mother without the Dominions of
the faid Kingdom oi England, can claim to no Inheritance within
the faid Kingdom. Tiie a,th is from theTeftament of Henry Vlll.
who, by the Confent of the Three Eftates of Parliament, ordered
the Heirs procreate betwixt his Sifter Mary and Charles Brandon
her id Hu:>band, tailing; Heirs of his own Body ; and excluding thd
Children oi Margaret, his eldeft Sifter, Mothei" to James Y. Kin"
of Scotland.

To tne Firft, our Author anfwers, That the Scriptures fpeak not
here of an Heipditary King, but of an Ele<5live One: And altho'
it were to be underftood of an Hereditary One, we Chriftians are
not obliged to obfcrvc it, it being neither a Divine nof a Moral
Law. Neither can the Queen of Scotland he reckoned a Stranoeri
for (he was not only twice defcended from William the Coriqueror,
but hkewife, the laft and liwful Heirefs of the Hoyal Blood of the
Britons and Saxons, as defcended from Annd, the eldeft Sifter of
Vterpendragon ; and the Wife of Loth King of the Pfffs, as flte i/is
q( Si. Margaret, eldeft Sifter to' £</fjr, who died childlefs; (6 the

Fffff laft

(«; T*<. Tu. C- Qi|tad. Bil. vfi. ti fuf, ft.

290 The Life of DA V i D CH AM BERS o/Qr;;iQ/7^, Vol.1 1 [.

lad of the Royal Line of die Saxons. Neuher cJicJ die Jews tlicm-
^^^ felves ftndfly obferve this Law ; for DavtJy being (Jcfccnded from
v*V~ Jgijg the Son of Ruthy a MoAbitiJh Woman, and of Boaz^ her Huf-
band an Jfraeltte, was cftcem'd worthy to be cho(en Kin^ ot Ijrael.
And in the Phrafc or Stile of the Scriptures, the Word 'Brother is of-
ten underftood of the Feminine Sex, as well as of the Maiculinci
as in tlie eight Beatitudes, and in many other Places. All which,
with what has been laid before, h a fufficient Anfwer to this firll C)b-
je(5lion.

As to the id. 'tis fufficiently anfwercd by our Author before ; to
which he referrs. As to the 3d. Objedionj 'tis utterly denied that
there is any fuch Law : Tis acknowledged by our Author, that
^dward Ul King of £"«^W^, in the 15th Year of his Reign, made
^ Law, by which he excluded all from having any Inheritance in
the Kingdom that were born out of it, and not lubjed to the Crown
of England^ excepting the King's Children. And Phtltp Morgan
has Oiown, from many Reafons, Decifionsj and Exrratts ot their
Books of Law, that the laid Law vt^as never underftood of their
Kings, or of their Children and SuccelTors.

And as to the 4.th and laft Objedf ion, concerning Kinc Henri's
Teftament : (Morgan having fhown, by many Reafons, tliat Kin^
Henry had no Defign of defrauding the Queen of Scotland^ he fays,
Tliat my Lord Paget^ one of his Privy Council, difcovercd to Queen
c^ary of England that this Teftament was forged; and that Sir
Edward Montague, Lord Chief Juftice,, 'affirmed the fame likewife ;
and that one WiUtam Clark confcffed, that he had appended the
Seal to it after King Henrys Death, for which he obtained Pardon
from the faid Queen ; and the Teftament was torn and declar'd null
and void. But, granting the Truth of the Matter alledged, our Au-
thor proves, that it was neither in the Power of King Henry nor
|iis Parliament, to exclude Queen e^iary from her Hereditary Suc-
cefTion.

And laftly, our Author concludes his Book, with the Advantages
that France has received by Queens and Princefles : But for the ma-
ny Virtues and rare Endowments of Wonien, he refers his Reader
to Plutarch'/ Book of lUuflrious Women^ BocaciusV Book of Renown d.
Ladies, Francis Belon'j Book of the Impregnable Fort of the Female
Honour^ and to a Book writ by Chrtjitna Ftja an Italian Lady.

This Gentleman died at Paris in the Year 1591. much regratcd
by all that knew him. The Bifhop of Carlile (a) blames him for
his Partiality to his own Country, and for bringing the Sovereignty
from the People : ' The Affairs of his own Country fays he (b) are

* his chief Subjedl, and what he had principally in View; and he

* pretends to give the Marrow of whatever had been offered to the

* World, by Veremond, the Black Book of Scoon^ the old Chroni-
< cles of Icolmktll, (^c. whereas, in truth, Xoethius is his main Au-

' thor,

(.0 Snu HJ. Hit IJ}. It) Ikii.

Vol. liL One of the Senators of the CoUtge of JuJ^ue. "T^

* thor, and the reft are only Ornaments of his PnfAce. His great

' Dcfijn, over and above the particular Favour to his own Country, 'n^V^

* appears to be, the Giving in a cMemorial to the Court of France]'^^^

* in relation to the then prefent State of Religion and Policy in JVof-

* land; and reminding the French King o^ the ancient Alliances

* betwixt the two Realms, and wliat a ncccffary Support thcy have

* been to each other when prefs'd with the common Enemy In

* the Conclufion of his Work, we have a Lift of both French and

* Scottijh Authors that have treated on the ancient League bferween

* the two Kingdoms ; many whereof are now hardly to be met with.

* The Author's Original Manufcript isfaid to be in the French King's
' Library at Paris \ And fpeaking of his remarkable Inquiries con-
cerning t!ie Government of Scotland (a), he fays, ♦ When he comes

* to fpeak of the Original of the Sovereignty, he exprefly fetches it

* from the People ; who, he fays, were under a neceftary Conftraint

* a cauje des Guerres commencees par Us 'Britons, de transferrer leur

* Souveratn Pouvoir, (^ creer Fergus, Bis de Ferquhardus Roj de

* Ireland, leur premier Roy: That is to fay, 'Becaufe of the Wars he-

* gun by the Britons, to transfer their Sovereign Tower, and to create

* Fergus the Son of Ferquhard King of Ireland, their Br ft Ktna.

Dempfler fays, that he was a Man of great Reading, and of a
plealaiit Temper : 7)a'vid Chalmer, fays he, five Camerarius Ahre-
donenfis, in Gallia celebri admodum nomine vixit; vir multa ^ va'
ria Ledionis, nee inamceni infenii. And he fays, that he is highly
commended by Rtchardus Vitus, in his Hiftory of Britain, Lit,
£5' Not.^j. Lth.-lUf. Not. I. Ltb.6. Not.iy. And it appears from
his Work>, that he was a Man of great Reading, a good Divine,
an eminent Lawyer, a judicious Hiftorian, a loyal Subiecfl, and*
well feen in the Greek, Latin, EngliP), French, Italian and Spanifk
Languages ; but cfpecially, it is much to be admired, that he at-
tained to fuch Perfeftion in the French Language, that he made
Choice of it to write all his Works in : The Catalogue of which is
as follows.

The Catalogue of his Works.

I- TJJI^oire abregee de tous les Roys de France, Angleterre (f B-
X X jcoje, mtse en ordre Par form d* harmonie ; contenant aufsi
un brief dijcourt de i ancienne alliance ^ mutuel Jecours en-
fre la France ^ t Ecojfe : Tlus, [ Epitome de CHiftoire Romaine dee
fapes f^ Empereursyeft adjouftee ; (^ celle d iceux Roys augmentefy
Jelon la mejme methode : T>edtee au Tres-chreflien Roy de Irance CJ*
de Pologne, Henry III. A Paris, chex^ Jean hurier^ ^rts I4 Col-
lejre dc Reims, in 8vo.

Fffffi IL

C; f<€U HA. Vtyt it.

S^*W*V

391 TA^Lj/^o/' THOMAS OGSTON, Vol. III.

r,,^\^ II. Z.4 Recherche des Sirigularitez^ fins rematquahUs concernant le

*" 'J^ eftat d' Efcojje : Vovee a Tres-augHJle (S Tres-clemente J^rincejjet
c^arie Reyne d' EJcoJfcy CJ* 'Donainere de France. oA PariSf
i^-j^- in ^vo.

III. 'Dijcours de la Legitime Succefsion des Femmes anx pojjefsions de
leurs parens; f^ dn GoHvernment des Princejjes, anx Empires
(^ Royaumes : A Tres-haute ^ Tres-{age Trincefs, Cuthartne
de Medici, Reyne-rnere du Roy Tres-chreflten. , Par David Cktr/J'
ire, EjiolJois, Confeil/ier en la Cotir de Parlemem a Edinbourg^
njdle capitale d" Ejcoje. A Paris, cheZj Jean Fenrier, presle
College de Retrnes, 15"/^- in Svo.

THE

LIFE oirHOMAS OGSTON.Vto-
feflbr of the Belles Lettres at Touraine.

HIS Gentleman Was born in the Southern Parts

oi Scotland; and having finifhcd the Courfe of

his Studies in his own Country, he went over to

\°"*' ■ Ffance, where he ftudied tor lome Years at theU-

"d i° m.de' ^^^ niverfity of ^aris ; and by the Procurement of that

fheiH«° ~ great Patfon of Learning Archbifhop Heatcn, he

iZ'Jml was made ProffefTor of the Belles Lettres at Tourame, where he tauw'.it

them with great Applaufe near to 40 Years. This Gentleman has

efhifw.Tkl! publifhcd a fhort Hiftory of the Septuagint Tranjlatton, or rather,

a Panegyrical Encomium upon that wonderful Performance : And

fince that Hiftory is call'd in queftion by the Cncicks of this Age, I

fhall, from our Author, give an Account, firft of the Matter of Facft,

as it is related by feveral Authors ; idly, of the Probability of the

Truth of this Hiffory ; and laftly, the Objedlions that are brought

by the Criticks againft it.

And firfl, as to the Matter of Fad: We are told by the feivijh
Talmudifii, That Ptolomy Philadelphus, King of .^gypt, having t-
redled a noble Library at Alexandria, under the inlpedion of JOe-
metritis Phalerehs an Athenian, and a Man of great Learning ; he
refolved to have the fewi^ Law amongft the reft of his Books :
And upon this^Defign, he brought 70 of the Elders or Seniors
from Jerujalem to the Ifland of Pharos, and commanded them to
traiflatc the Law out of the Hebrew into Creek, for his Libiary.
And that he might prove their Fidelity, he caufed each of tiicni to
be confined to a Cell , and when all their Tranflations were compa-
red together, they did not fo much as differ in one Word or Sy-

lable

VoL III. Frofeljor of the Belles Lettres at Touraine. ;j«j

lable from one another : So thac it was acknowledged by all, tlut

tli.s could not be without the fpecial In(pira:ion of God : Therefor f^/^-^

this Tranllation has been always lookt upon as of Divine Authority. Ci!^^

And this IS the Matter of Fad j the Truth of which is enforced from

tlie following Authorities.

(iAnjleas, Captain of the Guard to Ptolomy Philadelphns, wrote
two Books concerning the Affairs of the Jews, from the Informa-
tion that he had from the Jevjs of aAlexandria: After which, he
wrote a Letter to his Brother Philocrates, eiving him an Account of
tiiis Affair of the 70 Interpreters, to which he was an Eye-witncfs-
ond fivs exprefly, ♦ That after three Days had pafTed, Demetrius

* took the Seniors along with him; and having gotten over the He-

* ptafiadinm and the Bridge, he brought them to the North-parts

* of the IHe, where he placed the Aflembly, in a Houfe fitted for

* tliem, flanding upon the Shore, free from all Inquietude, with

* all the Convenicncies of Situation.

By which 'tis highly probable, that he means that famous Tower
whicli Softratus of CnidtisCet up in the Ifland oi Pharos, to direathe
Mariners in the dangerous Seas about ^Alexandria. And many of
the fewtjh and jirahick Writers confirm this, tho' with Tome diffe-
ring Circumftances : Thus Rabbi Jehudah in the Cemara, fays, ♦ We

* receive it by Tradition^ That King Ptolomy affembled together the
« 71 Seniors, and plac'd them in 71 feveralConclaves, not making
« them acquainted with his Purpofe : After that, going in i!o each

* of them, he faid unto them, Write me now down the Law of Mo-

* [es the Malkr. ^ The blefTed and glorious God put Underftanding
' into every Man's Heart, and they all accorded in one and the fame

* Senfe.

The very fame Circumftances of the Stofy are fet down in
their M^ifsida Sopherim, in fofeph Ben Gorton, and the Book In-
ehafsin amongft the Arabian Hiftorians : oAben Batta relates ic
thus (4), ' And in the Twentieth Year of the Reign of Ptolomy, the

* King went up to the City Jerusalem, and brought with him from

* tlience 70 Men of the Jews unto Alexandria, and commanded

* them, faying, Interpret unto me your Book of the Law and th»

* Prophets, out of tlie Hebrew into Greek : And he put every (5ne

* of them into a feveral Cell by himfelf, that he might fee how

* each of them would interpret a Parr. And when they had fini-

* ihed rheir Work, tlie King faw what every Man had done; and

* their Writings all agreed, nothing was contrary in any one of thern :

* So the Book of the Interpretation was feal'd up, and put into the

* Houfe of their God Serapis \ But an Arabick Commentator up-
on the Pentateuch fays, That this Tranflation was twice performed,
and that the Seniors difagreed at the firfl Time. His Words are {b)t

< Armius theCluonologer, in the 19 Year of the Reign of Ptolomyi

* u\Q Son of Ptolomy, the Kin^ commanded that they fkould gatheir

< together the Seniors oi the Children of IJrail^ and that they fhould

G g g g g * bfirfg

(«) is H<4 EMkfiii. (»Mfi;taJliU.|*41(uM<

An. i5»t

^5,4. TheUfeoJ i:H(JMi\i> OGSTQN, Vol. I If.

* brine wirli them the Book of the Law in their Hands ; and tliar
'^•'^-^ ' eachot them in fcvcral fliould tranflatc it, according as it fhoulJ

I t)g revealed to his Undcrftanding. And the Seniors came and prc-
i fenced themfelves together with tlieir moft Divine Hook of the

* Law : And the King's Command was, That every Man fhoiiUI.

* tranflate the whole Book. And it came to pafs, that the Senior*:

* difa^^reed in their Interpretation, and the King commanded to puc

* them in Prifon and in Chains'. Fhilo JmUns, fpeaking oi this
Affair, fays, ' That they fat down privately by themlelyes; and ha-

* vin<T no other Company but the Pares of Nature, the Earth, the

* Waters, the Air and the Heavens, (the Myftery of whofc Crea-

* tion their firfl: Work was 10 difcovcr this Beginning of Ai)fes his
' Law) they prophefied as if they had been divinely infpir'd ; not

* one, one Thing, and another, another; but all in the fameSenfe

* and Words, as if they liad been prompt by fome inviflble Direiflor.
All this was not only firmly believed by tlie Jezvs, but likewife

by the Fatliers of the Primitive Church : Thus /«/?'^ Martyr, in
hi'i Par £nefs to the Gentiles, fpeaking of this Tranflation, fays,

* That the Kin" appointed to each of the Interpreters a fmall feve-

* ral Cell, that every Man might perform the Interpretation by him-

* felf. This, O ye Gentiles! we report to you, not in the Guife of

* a Fable or feigned Story, but as a receiv'd Tradition, delivered
' unto us by the Inhabitants of the Place} for, we ourfelves alfo be-

* ing at Alexandria, faw the Remainder of thefe Cells, and they

* are yet to be fecn in the Ifle Pharos at this prefent Day '. And in
another Place of the fame Book he fays, ' That the King perceiving

* that thefe 70 Men had all agreed, not only in the Matter, biic

* alfo in the Manner of the Interpretation, in fo much that no Man

* differ'd from another in a Word, but every Man exprcffed the fame

* Conceit, and by the fame Phrafe ; he flood amazed, and nothing

* doubting but that the Interpretation was wrought by Divine Pow-

* er, he acknowledged that the Interpreters were worthy of all Ho-

* nour, as being Men to whom God did bear a peculiar Refpedl::

* And having nrft given them condign Reward, he took Order for
' their Departure into their own Country.

Jren&us, who lived likewife in the id. Century, fays, * That Tto-

* lomy confidering with himfelf, that if they fhould be fuffered to

* confer one with another, they might perchance conceal fomething

* of the Verity of their Scripture, by Ways of Interpretation; he

* feparated them each from other, and commanded them, that e-

* very Man fliould tranflatc the fame Part; and this Order was ob-

* fcrved in all the Book '. And concerning their Agreement, he
fayeth, ' That they all fct down the fame Things, in the fame Senfe,
» and in the fame Words; in fo much, that all People who were
« then prefent, acknowledged that the Tranflation was made bv the
« Infpiration of God '. And we have the lefs Caufe to marvel that
God fhould thus do, feeing he wrought as great a Miracle for his
Scripture by the Hand of Ez^ra^ in the Reftitution of the Law.

And

Vol. ill. Profetfor of the Belles Lettres at Touram^ 7^

And to'tlie fame Turpofes f peaks S. Clement of Alexandria S CV

• // .111^1 J^h^hL/ttrtue • nnlv T^tuhU^^i^^, /%..- -r-i i -.. ^ . -'

r^y^•^

rd and Epif^hamtis ; only Eptphantus fays, That the IVanflation was x^.^,'
pel formed in jd Cells : Which the Criticks endeavour to reconcile ^-^V^
with the former Teftimonies, by telhna us, that each of thcfe Cells
were double, and fo every two of tliclc Tranflators were feparatc
the one from the other, by a Partition- " *

Bur notwithftanding of all thefe Authorities, and that this Storv
for many Ages, has been receiv'd as a Truth ; yet wc have Reafon
from the following Confiderations, to call the Truth of it in que-
ilion (a): For all that the Jews and Primitive Fathers have (aid
of cms Tranflation, is taken from the Teftimony of yirtfleas
wiiom we have good Reafon to fufped as a fuppofititious Author'
becaufe his Hiftory no ways agrees with the Chronology of thefe*
Times. 'Tis faid. That Demetrius Phalerem Prince of ^thefts was
the Perfon who brought the pws to perform this Tranflation,' un-
der the Reign of Ptolomy Phtladelphus : Now 'tis certain, that De-
metrius could not be in Credit under Ptolomy "Phtladelphus, nor a-
live in the Time when this Verfion is fuppofed to be made - for
Demetrius came into ^gypt in the Rcign of Ptolomy the Son of
Lagus ; and haying counfelled that Prince to nominate for hisSuc-
ccdors the Children that he had bv Euridice, he fell into Diferace
with "Ptolomy Philadelphus, who banifh'd him his Court after the
Death oi his Fathe;, and confined him to a Province, where he di-
ed fhortly after, as we are informed by Hermippus in Dtogehes La-
ertius. By wliich 'ns plain, firft, That Demetrms was not in Credit
with Ptolomy Phtladelphus, and confequently could not be hjs Bi-
bliothecar, or commiflioned by him for inviting the Jews to per-
form this Tranflation. zdly. This Verfion of the Septua<^int bein«r
made, as^ it is faid, fome Years after the Beginning of pfolomy Phf-
Udtlphus's Reign, "Demetnus could not have the Care of it, bein*
dead before that. But 'tis commonly anfwer'd to this. That Ptolorwi
phtladelphus tci^nedCome confiderable Time, as Eujebius obferv6sini
his Chronicle; and 'twas at this Time th^i Demetrtus had the Care
of tlie Bibliotheck and the Septuagint Tranflation : And this is the
Reafon why fome lay, that tins was done under the Reign oi Pto*
lomy Thila'delphus, and others, under the Reign of Ptolomy the Son
of Lagus. But yirijleas favs cxprcfly, that this was done undei
the Reign oi Ptolomy Phtladelphus , and to him only he makes Z)^-
wetriut addrcfs himlelf for Letters to the Jews, and 'tis only he
that writes ;q them. Moreover Vitruvius, . in the Preface to his 7th
Book, fays, That Ptolo/^y Phtladelphus made a Bibliotiieck, in Imi-
tation of ilic Kings of Pergamus, and that Jrifiophsnes the Gram-
marian of 4thens, vm ,his Bibliothctar. From wiience it follows,
That Demetrius was not his Bibhothecar, ar^d that the Library wa*
begun after his Death 5 for the King of PfrgamUsj in Imitatioojof
whom Ptobmy cre<5bed this Library, was bumehes, and jic could o<?t
^o it till after the Death of Demetrius ; For which lleafoo Smdas

G g g g g 1 fays,

0 \U» H. i* fte'i BtkL £Ml«r. V^ L r«(« It. ^C Fnlun.

^<)6 The Ufe of THOM\S OGSrON, Vol. I IT.

lays, That the Vcrlion ot the Scptuacint was not made till the 33d
r*/v-^ Year of the Reign of Ptolomy PhtUdelphus, and that Ztnodatus was
p^Al!^ the Biblioihecar. And this makes another Contradidtion in the
Chronology of ^ny?(frtj's Narration; for he fays, that the 70 came
into ^gypty when Ptolomy was making a folemn Feafl upon the Ac-
count ot tne naval Battle that he had obtained over j4ntigonus:
Now, this Battle mud have been that which Diodorns fpeaks of jn
his Twentieth Book, and which happened in the 3d Yeat of the
18th Olympiad ) but at that Time VemttriUs was not yet come un-
to yEfypt; for he arrived not there till after the Dtath of Caj/^w^rr,
which happened in the id Year of the Zio Olympiad: And grant-
ing that he had come at that Time, 'tis certain that Eleaz^ar was
not then the High Pried of the Jews, as j^rifieas makes him ; for
according to £MJe/'»<^, he did not begin his Priellhood till the 113d
Olympiad. And Laftly, The whole Narration feems to be nothing
but a Heap of Fables and Contradi(ftions: For 'tis faidt That Df*
nietrius ^oing along with the Seniors to the Idc Pharos, they went
over the Neptnjladium and the Bridge : Which is a notorious ^«-
chronijm ; tor Homer fays, That of old the Ifland of Tharos lay a
whole Day and a Night's Sailing from jiUxandria. But whatever
Truth is m this, it is certain, that the true Diftance between it and
the City was about 7 Furlongs : This Space was, in After-times,
wrought into an JJlhmus, by the Induf^ry and fxpences of Cleop4-
tra {a\ who, as we are told by jdmmianus MarccUinus fpeakin^ ot
this Queen, fays, ' The fame Cleopatra raifed the Heptafiadmntt

* not more wonderful for its Magnitude than for the Expedition of
' the Bufinefs ; and die did it for a Reafon very necelTary and very

* well known : The Ifland TWoj, which was about a Mile didant

* from the City, paid Tribute to the Rhodians; which being by them

* too intolerably exaded, the politick Princefs, always exquifitely
' able to deceive, upon a Time withdraws the Publicans unto the

* Suburbs, as it there had been fome great Holy-day to be kept : In

* the meantime, die had fet a-work to cad mighty Heaps into the

* Sea ; which being followed with indefatigable Pains, 7 Furlongs

* of Sea were made into Earth within the Space of 7 Days, and the

* City continued with the Ifle. This done, the Queen rode over

* in her Chariot, and told the Publicans, That they were much de-

* ceived to come and require Impod for the Ifle, for that it was
' now become a Continent *. So that yirijleas making mention of
the Heptafadium, he ought to live either in or after the Days of
Cleopatra; whereas the true jlrifieat was dead long before.

'Tis faid. That £leaz,ar the Fiigh Pried made choice of 71 Per-
fonsoutof the 11 Tribes, taking 6 out of each Tribe: Now, it is
certain, that the 11 Tribes were not then fubfifting, nor had not
been fince the Taking oi Samaria by Salmanajjar. And if it be faid,
That there might be Remains of each Tribe amongd them; 'tis ve-
ry incredible, that he fliould get. 6 precifcly of each Tribe vrho

were

(«) r* Jaliia, Lib. it, P((« 2I5.

Vol. III. Trofejjor of the Belies Lettres at Touraine. jpy

were qualified for tliis.great Enterprize. Thvpomus is (aid co nave
gone diftraded for offering to infert fome ot the Law inhisHifto* 'J^'V'
ty ; and TljeodeilHs, a Tragick Poor, to be ftruck blind, fbt offer- '^K^
ing likcwife to put feme PalTages of Scripture in his Poems. And,
intone Word, the Wliolc of the Narration has (6 much of the Fa-'
ble in it, that it plainly difcovers it to have been written by an He-
leniftical Jeiv^ and not by u^njleas. But, upon the whole, 'tis cer-
tain, that long before our Saviour's Time there was a. Greek Vdrfion
of the Old Ttftament, that was received as authentick amongft the
Jews, and which our Saviour and his Apoftles often appeal to,
and wiiich is called Tl:>e Septuagint T^fanjlattort.

Befides this Book, which Mr. Dempjier calls his Ohfervationes in
Septuaginta, he fays he'tfanflated feveral Greek Authors into Latin,
feveral Greek Poems compos'd by himfelf, feveral Greek and Latin
Orations, and a Prelude to Rhetorick.

This Gentleman, whom Dempfter calls Tfjoinas AugufiinUs, died ^ j^,^
at Touraine, in 1591. and was (ja^s he) one of the moft eminent 8tch.r,atfl
Perfons of his A^e ; well feen in the GNtk, Hebrew and Latin Lan-
guages, and an incomparable Antiquary : Vir inter eminent ifiimos
juifdciili. homines jure numerandus ; Cr/ice, Latint ^ Hebraice do-
mjsimus, antiquantis incomparabtlis:

The Catalogue of his Works.

I. /^^Ratio Hijiorica de LXX Interpretibus Rom. initio. 1500*
IL ^jtorundam audorum verfioncs e Ctaco in Latinum,
in. Poemata Crxca.

IV. Orationts Grace Latineqtte.

V. PfAludia Mhetorica-

Hhhfih THE

398

V..L ,11.

A". ij»{. THE

LIFE of JOHN MAITLANV.Lord
Thyrlejiane^ and Lord High Chancellour
oi Scotland.

HIS Nobleman was Son to Sit Richard M^iitliind

ot Litbinpotiity and Brother to Secretary Lithtnf-

HiiBirtb, ■ fQfi^ After that he had finifhed the Coiirfc ot his

t'j't'l'li'ii. ■ Studies in Grammar and Philofophy, his Parents

fent him over to France to ftudy the Laws (a) : And
upon his Return, he entred Advocate, and in a
fliort Time became fo famous tor his Learning and Prudence, that

it *" ^^^ ^^^"^ ^5^+ '^^ ^^^^ made Secretary of State, and the next Year

$ecteui;«f yvas madc Chancellour, upon James Stuart Earl oi yirraris being

put out of that Office. Whilft ne was Secretary of State, a treafo-

nable Enterprizc wa> made againft the King's Perfon at Stirling^ in

the Year 1595, which happened thus.

The King being informed of a Defign, of fome of his rebellious
Subjc(fls, ai2,ainft his Sacred Perfori, he went ro Stirling, where he
«ur!n^'c^'n- cmittcd a ProclaiTiation ; Commanding all his loyal Subjeifts to meet
'^I^^iU ^'i''" at the Caftle ot Crawford, upon the lid ot Oclober (/>), for Re-
^"i- * fiftinfT the Attempts of the Rebels. But all Things were fo prepa-
red by the Court of England., who ftill fomented the Divilions in
Scotland, that the Rebels did prevent the King in the Expedition j
for they had appointed their Rendezvous at Lintoun in Ticeeddale:
And meeting there, did folemnly fwear, not to (eparate, or give o-
ver the Proiecution of their Enterprize, till the King (hould receive
them into his Favour, and put the Earl of ^rran, Captain fan7es
Stuart, then Chancellour, (and who had obtained the Sccrctarv-
office for our Author^ out of his Office. My Lord Maxivel brougiit
with him about ^00 Soldiers and about 706 Horfemen ; all the reft
did hardly equal what he had with him, altho' Bothwel, Httme^
Tea/ier, Cejsford and Drumlanrig had joined with them. And to
juftify their Proceedings, they gave out a Proclamation ; Declaring
the Caufesof their Enterprizc to be. The Defence of the true Refor-
med Religion, The T>eli'verance of the Ktng from corrupt Counfellers.,
and the Preferring ofjlnnty zvith England, zvhich the Earl of Arran
endeavoured to break. And nothing was left unfaid in this Procla-
mation, to render him odious to the People; and particularly, a-
mongft other Things, they laid to his Charge, That he had claim-
ed to the Crown, as being defcended from Duke (^Murdoch, who
was beheaded in the Reign of King fames I. and that he had afTu-
mcd to himfelt the Title of King fames \IL Our Hiftorians tell

us

(«) Vid* Scoli Tarvel'i Sr<{. Su($ of iht Scoii ittccfiLca. (() SpetUwoed, Lik, S. P. 341.

VolIII. The Life of ] OH MMT LAND, Lord T\mmne,(fc. ?qq

us, That the Year before this, he rpok Proteftition in open Court
of Parliament, That he renounced any Title which he liad to the J^<^
Crown : Piljich (Spotifwood favsj Jje did to purge himjelf of that A{-
perfton ; bttt the Trotejlation was laughed at in the Time hy the wtfer
Sort, and gave them to think, that juch a fvUy had once 'poje, fed his
Mind. In this Proclamation they likewife blamed Colonel i>«^rr
as another who gave bad Counfel to the King ; but they blame
none of his other Counfellors, which higioly increafcd the Chan-
cellor's Fears of being deferred by them.

The Englijh Ambaffador no fooner heard of their being in Arms
but without taking his Leave, he retired in all Haftc from Stirling
to Berwick: Upon whicn a Poft was fent after him, with a Letter
from the King, wherein lie defired to know. If he was dire(5ted ht
the Queen his Sovereign to depart after that Manner? Tiie £x-
prefs Having overtaken him at Anwtck, he returned an Anfwer;
wherein he told the King, ' That he had received no fuch Diredlion

* from his Queen, when he was fiift employed; but that oi late he
» had received a Command to retire, becaufe he Ijw no Hope of

* delivering up ot t..e Laird of Famherfi, who was 1 1 im'd for the
« Killing ot bir Francis Rujel, Son to the Earl of Bedford; * tho* he
knew at tne (aiue Time, that Panther ft was confin'd at Aherdten^
and no Lite expcdletl tor him. And in the Conclufion of his Let-
ter he fiid, * Tiiac it could not be granted that he had departed

* injalut .to hojptte, fince he performed that Office both with his

* Heart and Hand ; and chat he fhould by all polTiblc Means endea-
' vour, that his Departure Ihould rather help to maintain than dif-
' folve the Amity becwixc his Sovereign and him.

In this laft Paragraph, his Meaning by his Heart and his Handy
was a Letter that he left, to be given to the King the Day after he
was gone; in which he blamed ^Arraris Credit with the King, as
the (ole Caufe of all thclc Troubles. And aArran having feen this
Letter, it increafed his fears of fhe under-hand Pradfices of his E-
nemies againft him, and openly accufed the Mafler of Cray, as be-
ing privy to the AmbafTador's Departure ; which he denied : Tetf
Cfavs Spotifwood) all that Hlme nothing was done that was fittmgy
either for the Kings Safety or Reputation, and not fo much as the
Caftle Jurnijhed with Fiiimls; which wight have been eafily provi*
del Nor were the Rebels ignorant of this; which made them ufe
tiie greater Hafle, marching directly to Falkirk, and from thence
to St. Ninians, which is aoout Half a Mile from Stirling : And
here they put themfelves in Order of Batttle, and flood fo till Night:
At which Time, Warning being given them by their Friends within
the Town, they advanced; and knowing all the PafTagcs, they en*
trcd into the Town without any Oppoution. The Earl of Art an
the Chancellour had taken upon him to watch that Night, and was
keeping the Town-gate, when a Cry was raifed that the Town was
taken: The Earl o\. Cratvford, who watched with him, fled to the
Cadle ; buE ViM ChaiiccUour efcaped by she Bridge, of which he

H h h b h I kept

400 The Life of ]OHN M A I T L A N D, Vol, MI.

kepc the Keys, borne weak Rcfiilancc was made by Colonel Stuart
^""'^^ at tlic Head of the Market-flrcetj but he was foon defeat, with the
jC/\!o l^illina only of fomc few of iiis Followers. The Borderers, accor-
ding to their Cuftom, tell upon the Stables, and (eiz'd upon all the
Gentlemens Horles; a good Number of which were then in Town :
and the jirmjlrongs fell a-plundring the Houfcs, which they did
with (o much Severity (a), that they took the very Barrs of Iron
from their Windows, ^he next Morning they laid Sie^c to the
Caftle, which they knew could not long hold out againll them ;
for there was not above one Day's Provilion in it. In this Extre-
mity, the King was adviicd to lend two of the Lords of his Coun-
cil to them, to enquire what they defigned to do ; and the Sccre-
ravy (ourAuthoi), and the Lord Juftice-Clerk were ordered to con-
fer with them ; At their fiift Meeting the Secretary told them, That
(lid) violent Measures i^ere not to be apfroven of, and that they ivould
find it dangerous to deal after this Manner ivith their King ; for,
zvhate'ver thty extorted from him, either by Force or Fear, he would
i'oon find M£<ins to undo, and never xoant loyal SubjeSis to (ernje him
in ivhat he had an Inclination for : j4nd therefor he adnjijed them to
ait like loving and dutiful Subjeiis, with Petiticns in their Hands,
and jubmitttng themjehes, upon their Knees, to the Kings Q^ercy.
To this the Kebcl Lords replied, That it grieved them very much to
he. reducd to that Nccefsity, nothing being more dear and facred to
them than the Kings Honour and Safety : But what could they have
don<;, for, bj the Influence of the Earl of An an over the King, they
had been banifhed from their Country, put from their Livings, their
Friends usd with Cruelty, the King not permitted to hear them in their'
jufl Defence, and always debarred jrom presenting their Petitions :
^ hat their Coming m a hofiile Manner, was not to difhonour or force
the King, to whom they would be mofl humble Supplicants, and upon
their Kiees, if they could obtain Accefs, beg e^ercy at his Hands ;
all they did, luas to jave themfelves from Ruin, and to be fecured
from their ytdverfaries, who had wronged them and the zohole Lfiates
of the Kingdom : Where for they befought them, as their Countrymen
and Ir tends, to interceed ivith His o^ajefly. That they might be ac-
cepted tn Favour, and all Things compojed in the mofl quiet and ho-
nourable Manner, for the King and Country, that could be devifed.

This being reported to the King, it did mitigate his Paffion : Then
he faid to the Secretary, That he was never pleafed witli Arraris.
violent Meafures of Proceeding againft feverals of the Nobility; yet
I cannot but be offended with them, for their Coming againft me
in an iioftile Manner : Yet my Love for my Country, and People's
Eafe and Quiet, makes me willing to pardon them : But there is
one Thing which I would have you to look to, and that is. That
none in my Company receive any Harm ; for I know there are
Quarrels betwixt tiic Earl of Cr^ty/or^and theMafter of Glammis,
tliat the Earl oi Angus doth not like Q^ontrofs , and I believe that
Co-

(4) Vide Joholi. Hid. icium B(i(. ad An.

- - - I • ' ■ ■ ■ ■

Vol. III. Lord Thirlftanc and Chaficeliour of Scotland.

Colonel Stuart is not well beloved, for Things done in my Service •
Thefe I cannot fee, with rnine Hortoui-; anyways harmed; Co pro-'
vide for that, diid tell them, that I ihall willingly admit thern.

The S^cr^tary having reported this to them ; they only beeecd
That His Majcfty would for fome Time caufe thefe Noblemen be
put in Cuftody, and the Place of Colonel of the Guards taken from
Stttan, and conferred upon Whom He pleafed : Which the Kins
having agreed to, they were brought before His Ma/efty ; ahd fallinl
down upon their Knees, th6 Lord Hamilton, in Name of all the
reft, faid, TA^r thij were come, ih that mo ft htimble Manner to he^
Mercy of His Majefy, and that he would be pleafed to pardon them
and to be retonciled to them' To this the King anfwered *

My Lord,
•g- Did never fee you before, and mufi confefs, that of all this Compel-
iL tij you have keen mo (I wronged: Tou were a faithful Servant to
the ^een my Mother in my Minority; and when I underftoodnot, 4S
J do now, the State of Ihinqsy ydu wen hardly usd. Thereji ofjouy
that fince that ^imt have been exiled and put fr on; your Livings , I
cannot but (ay, , that ft was your, own Faults, and that your undutiful
iBehavionrpKGCurid the fame, ,<Then cumins himfelf tg the pari of
iBothweli hcraid.j..Bw, Francis ! , what moved yeu to, take this Courfe^
and to come in Arms again fl, me? Did I ever any Wrong to you ? Or
what Caufe havejou to be of ended at me? I wijh you a quieter spi-
rit, and that you may, learn to live as a dutiful Suijea ; , otherwifcj
you rhayexpeif to be punijhed. according jo your Defervings. "But 1
Jay to dU cf you in general, That frice J am perf waded that you did
not mean really any Harm to my Perf on, 1 am pleafed to give- both, nri
Hand and thy Htart, and wiU remember nothing that is pa ft; provi-
ding that you carry yourjelves from hencefortjo as becometh dutiful and
loyal Subjects. Alter which they arofc one by one, and kiifed His
Majcfty's Hands : But it was obfcrved, that he fhewed iriore Kind-
nefs to Hamtltott, than to all of them.

Two Days after the Kin?, in Council, did renew his Promife,
and by a publick Ad, did confirm the Pardon granted tq them,
which was proclaim'd by Sound of Trumpet j andthe Chanceilouc
was obliged to lyrjc p;^ivatcly amongft his Friends, till at length,, as
he was,riding thtp* Crawford-moor, he was murdered by the Lord
Forthoral, , natural 5pn to f\dorton the R cgenr. This Nobleman was
Son and Heir to, the Lord Ochiltree, who hid a great Hand in the
Reformation,; and about the 17th Year of his Age, was made Cap-
tain of the King's Guard, and afterwards, Conftable of the CafUc o£
Edinburgh, one pf Hi? Mai^ftv's Privy; Council, and Earl pf ^rran,
and was m fucb favpyr with tne King, ,that.npthing,w^s dpne, ii'itlj*
out his Advice } vvhich> ^ it rendred him theObje<fV pf the Nobili-
ty's Hauid, fo It made him intolerably iiifplcnt,' which at l^ng^tli
obliged the King jtq abandon hjm to the pjfqretip;! of, ijis Enemies^
who puifued him frpm Place to Place, (ill he was killed;^ as we

I « i i i bftve

^01 rhe Life of }0^^ MAJTLA-KD. Vol- n\,

have faid, by the Loid Jvrtheral, for hisj having accus'tl his Fatlict
'^'^ the Reeent ot being acceflory to the Murdering of the King's Fa-
«^»v^ ther. And our Author fucceedcd to him, being BnadeChanccllour
oi Scotland in his Place, for the Good he had done in reconciling
th/e King to the banifhed Lords : But he had a more difficult Task
in reconciling Him wit\i the Clergy, , '

Fpr jfuch of them as were for the Geneva Difcipline, prefs'd tlie
King to clbblifh it, thinking that the Chancellour was the only Ob-
d.'*n«iTout' ftaci^ CO their Dcfign; but when they found that the King was not
i^ar*ej'!Tat of theit Miod, Warning was given to them by the Moderator of
lo'nciu'chr the laft Allembly, to meet at 'Dumfermlmg upon the 15 of N>
^'liy'^' 'venjber(a) : But when they came there, the Laird of P///?rrf«,
Provoft of the Town, denied them Accefs, telling them, that he
had the King's Command for what he did. Upon which they met
in iht Fields ; and it was refolved amongft them, That they (houl,d
meet in the Town of Linlithgow before the Meeting of the Parlia-
ment, which was appointed to meet in that Town in the Month of
Vtcemb'er : But in' the meantime, they were exhorted by their Mo-
derator, to preach i^o their People the Danger that the Can fe of Cod
was in. Uponvvliich, there were a great many feditious t»ermons
preached ; and one Mr. IViUiam Watjon, one of the Preachers of E-
dinlm?gh^ had the Impudence to reprove the King to his own Face
frciiii the Pulpity for which he was committed to theCaAIe of BUck-
nefsy and Mr. James \jih(en, Minifter of Pancaitland, in another
Preachment at £^/»W^^, faid. That Captain Jzmes (meaning the
late Chancellour) with his' Lady Ifobel, ^«^ William Stuart /^f Co-
lond., were taken to he the Perfecuters of the Church; but that now it
was feen to be the King himjelf : Aeainfl whom he denounced the
Gurfe that fell on Jeroboam, That he fhottld die childlefs, and be the
UfiofhisRace: And being brought before the Council, he adhe-
red to what he faid; for which he was likewife committed to Pri-
fon. And the more the King noticed them, and the moreRcrpe<5t
that he paid them, the more infblcnt they turned : For which Rea-
foh the Chancellour advifed the King, To leave them to themjehest
for- they luould render themfetves ridiculous, by their j4£iings, to the
Ptoplei whereas His c^ajejly, by imprifoning of them for their un-
dutiful Speeches and 'Behaviour, rendred them the Objeil of their Cont'
pajsion. And here I cannot but take notice of a very fevere and
iinjuft Reflc<5f ion of Bifliop Spotifwood (b), upon this Advice of our
Author to the King. * The Chancellour (fays he) perceiving the

* King fo vexed with the Affairs of the Church, and the Miniflers

* fo refra<5lory and unwilling to be ruled, did advife him to leave

* them to their own Courfes; faying. That in a fhort time they would
*■ become fo intolerable, as the People would chafe them out of the

* Country. True, [anfwered the King) if I were purpofed to undo

* the Church and Rehgion, I fhoulcf think your Coimfel not ill;

* but my Mind is to maintain both, therefor I cannot fuffer them

♦to

C*) Vid* Sfout*oo<i, UW. <. P.ge $41. CiWeiWOod, P.ge 187. C») Lib. ♦. P»et.54;«

Vol. III. LorJ ThirKlane dnd ChafiXlUour of ::)COiIan<j. ^o?

' to run into fuch Difordcrs, that will make Religion to brcTefpis'd '.
As \i the Curbing of their infolent and rebellious Behaviour W(erc '^f^
the Undoing of the Church and Religion. But this is one Ar- w^/*v
gument, amongft many others, which I fhall bring in that Prelate's
Life, that ins Hiftory has been interpolate. And it had been good
for the King that he had followed our Author's Advice } for his
Lenity towards them turn'd themfo infolent and impious, that when
His Majefty defired them to pray for his Mother, when her Death
was decermined by the Queen o/ England^ altho' they were only de-
fired to pray to God, That it might pleafe him to illuminate her with
the Light of his Truth, and Jave her from the apparent Danger
wherem Jhe was ca(l ; they relufed to dio it : A Petition, which no
Sedt of Chriftians in the World but themfelvcs would have refufed
to comply with. But our Author's Behaviour in this Cafe was much
more Ch'nftian and dutiful.

Fot he made ufe ot all the Rhctotic ind Reafon he was Mafter „^^ ^^
of, to perfwade Secretary Walfmgham of the Iniquity and bad Con- J.^f'^'""';/
icquenccs that would follow upon the Murdering of the Qufeen ; br >>.'• iii'J-
and'Avhen he had duns him from all the; Arguments he could rhake 'n*t^tm,
ufc of, he was at length obliged to fend him a Letter, wherein he
aiTerted, ''That it was Matter of Wonder to all wife and religious

* Men in England, that the King fhould be fo earned in the Caufc

* of his Motlier ; feeing all the Tapijls in Europe, that aflfedted the

* Change of Religion in both the Realms, did build their Hopes al-
' together upon her, and that fhe had fhcwed herfelf fo pamohate
' in point of Religion, as the had transferred her pretended Right
' to both the Crowns, unto the King of Spain, incale the King her

* Son Ihould perfift in his Proteflion ; as he would fee by the inclo-

* fed Letter.

* Spotifzvood, fpeaJcing of this Letter, fays, * That it was true, thbt

* fiich Informations were given out amongft the Papijis, to divert

* the King from Conftancy in his Profeffion^, but tliat any fuch "tran-

* flation iSiould "be nude by her, it is not probable, and a Thing

* not to be believed j her Declaration at the Time of heir Death be*

* ing far other, as we (hall hear 4 Albeit a Popilh Abbot, defcribing
' tl^e Life of Laurinci the CarMnaly who was at that Time Protedlot

* of the Scot's Nation* affirmcth the aforefaid Tranflation to, have

* been in his Hands, and to have been delivered to him by GoUrtt

* OU^varex^ the j'paw/yj Ambaflador at Rome.

Now, iliaye fcen u^i&vcry Lfett^t in i\\^Cottm Library ^liiLon-
iotfi and h^ve now by me tlwi Cidpy of k, : fubfcribed by Three of
tli^ CounfelloK of England r Z found it amongft the Right HonoiN
mble die Eafl of 'Bakarrais ^iifaisy and by his Lordlhip's Order
havp^ witli feveral o^hct Papers \»f that Niirur^, ,' delivered kinccf
tJ)e Law/cts Library dc Bdinlntrgh yAtid 4<*^hc Reader's Sfttisfaldiiprt
ikaU h«i;ti ccabfcctbe iu

404 ' Tlje Life of JOHN MAITLAND, Vol. in.

fib MAC.

J£ w^ /roM'V^ /orf f« peincr Cjuel/e cotirfe reprertdront Id affaires
de dec a: Charles Pa£et a charge de wo^, de 'UoUs commimtquer
quelc^ues oHvertures de tna pa^t ; Jur lejqueUes, jt tjous prte hi
impart ir lilrement ce que 'vohs penfeZj cmil pourra ohtenir' du Jioy vo-
fire Maijlre. II y a une aultre point dependant de cela, qUe fdy re-
jer-ve d' efcrire a njous Jetily pour le mander de ma pa^t aii dtt Sieur
•Roy, fans qu aultre que lui jeul, ft it eft pofsible, en ait cognotfjance :
Ceft que, confiderant C ohftination ft grande demon Filz, en t Herefe,
tS prevoyant fur ce le Damage eminent qui eft pour reujstr a [ E^li'e
Catholique, lui -venant a la Succefsion de ce Royaulme ; j' ay pri) Je-
tliner at ion, en cas mon dtt filzj ne fe reduife avant ma mort a la Re-
ligion Catholique, (comme, tl fault que je 'vous die, que j' ien ay pen
d efperance tant qu il reftera en Efcoje) de ceder ^ donner mon droit
par Teftaynent en la dite Succefsion de cefte Couronne, au dit Sieur Roy
'uoftre Maiftre, le priant maintenant me prendre en ja protection : Pa-
reillement, t eft at &" affaires de t E^life, lefquelles, pour la def charge
de ma Conjctence,- je ne penfe powvoir mettre es mains de Trince plus
Si,el€ux de noftre Religion, f^ capable, en tous rejpedts, de la reftablir
far deca, (3 comme il importe a toute la re lie de la Chreftiente , mt
(tntant plus oblige de reJpeCfer en cela le lien univerfel de f E^ltfe.
Que ce que Joit tenu fecret, d' aultant que / // venoit a eftre rcvele, cc
leroit en Ranee la perte demon Douaire, (^ en Ejco% enti ere rupture
aifcc mon Ftlz>, (^ en ce pais, ma totale ruine ^ deftru^ion.
Which in Engli/h runs thus :

A Copy of a Letter, faid to be writ by Queen Mary, May la
1 586. to the Spanift) Ambalfador Don 'Bernardino de Mendoxjt.

I Am njery much perplex d to know what Courfe the Affairs will take
on this Side : Charles Paget is commifsioned by me, to makejomt
Overtures to yon on my Behalf, upon which, I intreat you to im-
part to him freely what you think he may obtain from the King your
Mafter. There s another Point depending upon them, which J have re-
served to be writ only to you, and to be communicated by you, fromme^
to the King your Mafter, without the Knowledge of any other Perfon^
if it be pofsible ; which is, That confdering the Obftinacy of rny Son
in tierejy ; and forejeeing, upon this, the great Lojs that will enfue up-
on his Succefsion to the Kingdom, if he Jhould not be reconciled to tht
Catholick Church ; J am refolved^ that in cafe that my Son does not,
before my Death, be brought in to the Catholik Religion, (of which, J
muft teUyou, I have little Hopes as long as he remains in Scotland) to
leave, ana give by my Teftament, my Right of Succefsion to that Crowrtf
to the King your Mafter ; jor the future putting my f elf and the f aid
Kingdom under his jole Protection. And this I do for the Dif charge
of my Conscience ; being firmly perj waded, that I could not put it tn
the Hand of any Prince more zjatuos for our Religion, and more ca-
fabUi in all Refpcdsy of Re-eftablijhing if on this Side, and J think

my

Vol. 111. Lord Thirl ftanc and Chanceliottr of Scotland. ^05

my (elf obliged tOy being of greatcft Import to Chnjltanity, and the
untverfal Good of the Church. Let thii be kept fecret; for it Jhoald
be knozvn, it zcoald be the Lofs of my Domrie in France, make an en-

tire Rupture in Scotland betzvixt me and my Son, and my utter Ku
in and Defirutlion in this Country.

This Letter is atttfted hy Bur ley, Hatton and Walfmgham: But a^
ny impartial Reader will plainly diCcern in it all the Marks of For-
gery ; for, not to infift upon the Diflference betwixt the Stile of this
and her other genuine Letters, and her dying Words to the Con-
trary: is it to be thought, that a Princefs of fuch known Endow-
ments of Mind as fhe was blcfs'd with, would reafon fo weakly and
foolifhly, that fhe fhould fuppofe that her Kingdom could be tranf^
ferred by her to anothef ? Did (he not know', thit her Kino;dom
was hereditary, and that lier Son could not come at the Pofifeffion
of it but after her Death .' when fhe hcrfelf and all the World knew,
that he was then in the full and entire PoffefTion of it. And fuppo-'
fing that fhe had been fuch a Fool, and fo unnatural as to nave
thought that fhe could have transferred her Kingdom from her own
Son to another ; were not her Uncles the Guijes ( her conflanc
Friends and Supporters j nearer to her than the King of Spain, and as
zealous Papijls as he was ? Many other Arguments could be
brought ; but thefe are fufficient to (how, that this Letter was forged
out of the black and hellifh Mint of their Contrivances againfl that
unfortunate Princefs: Whom they had no fooner murdered, hue
Walfingham wrote the following Letter to our /loble Author.

MT LORTf,

BEing abfent from Court when the late Execution of the Queen
your' Sovereign's Mother happened, Idid furthwith, upon my
Return, impart to Mr. Douglajs fome Things concerning the
Courfe which was conceived here, by your faid Sovereign's befl
Friends, fit to be holden in this rcmedilefs Accident, for Continu-
ance of Peace and Amity between the two Crowns, as a Thing foif
the Well of both Nations to be defiredj but finding him unwilling
to meddle tlierewith, I have thought good to write, to the fame
cffedf, unto yourfelf, the rather, for that I prefcntly underftand by
fome Advertifements out of that Country, that the Death of the
Queen is like to breed fo ftrange an Alienation of Fiis Majefly's
Mind towards this Realm, tending, as it is reported, wholly to Vi-
olence, and to Revenge oTthat which hath been fo neceffarly done
by the whole Body of the fame ; whereof, as for mine own Part, I
fhould be rieiit forry : So 'tis generally hoped that His Majefly, be-
ing of that lingular Judgment himfelf, by the good Help ana Ad-
vice of fuch as you are in Credit and Authority about him^ Men
of Wifdom and Experience whom he will hear, this Mifchief tvill
noiwithftanding be carefully and prudently prevented; confiderino
how every Way, all Things being riehtly weighed, this Courfe will

K k kk k ^

Ao. I59f.

40d TheUfcof JOHN MAITLAND, Vol. Flf.

I -• — ■'^ ■ — __————— —

be found prejudicial, as well to your faid Sovereign's Lftate, as to

/>>v«*^ his Reputation, if he refolvc to perfifl therein.

J^vv; por rirft, The Enterprize will be undoubtedly condemned in the
Sight of all fuch as fhall not be tranfported with fomc particular
Palfion, for that they fhall fee, that he takes Arms for Revenge of
an A(5lion, bcfides the NecefTity wherein it is grounded, full of fo
honourable and juft Proceedings, as, howfoever the EfFc(fb thereof
was contrary to their Liking, the Manner thereof, by the Qiicen's
great Favours, could not but be approved of and allowed. And
as on the one Side, the King your Sovereign oppugning the Courle
of Juflice,of fb unlawful, unjufl and dcfperate a Quarrel, cannot be
expeded any other thing than amoft unhappy and miferablelfTue:
So we being allured that, in Defence of Juf\ice, the AfTiftance of
His Mighty yirm will not fail us, whofe Judgment this was, need
not to tear whatfoever Man fliall attempt to the Contrary againfl

this Realm.

But, not to ftand (ipon the Juftnefs of the Quarrel, which every
Man will not perhaps fo much regard, 'twould be confidercd, what
Means your Sovereign fhall have to go thorow with fuch an Enter-
prize, if he take it in hand; for the Forces of his own Realm being
lb far inferior to thofc of England, no Man is fo fimple but fecth,
it were no ways fafe for His Majefly, trufling only thereto, to make
head againfl the Power of this Land ; neither is k thouglit, that
any Man will be found fo unadvifed as to wifh him fo to do.

But, as it may be that a great many, for lack of Underflanding,
are carried away with fuch vain Difcourfes, as fome, without Tolid
Ground, imagine of that might be done in this Cafe by a King of
Scotland^ back'd and afhfled (as they conceive in the Air) with the
French and Spanijh Aid : So it is likely enough, there fhall not want
thofe, that either Satisfa(51:ion of their private PafTlons, or Supply of
their Neceffities, or better afFedtionating fome other private Defigns;
would be content to ferve themfelves of this prefent publick Occa-
fion and Opportunity, who will propound and promife alfo more
to His Majefly of fuch foreign AfUflance, than they know in their
Confcienccs can be performed, if he would declare himfelf Enemy
to this Realm ; which that he Ihould (tho' to his own Ruin) the
Enemies of both Realms will do what they can to promote.

But Men of Wifdom and Underflanding, layirig before their
Eyes, as well as the accuflomed Delaies, and after long Solicitation
and Purfuit the fimple Supplies, and Support, commonly found at
thefe foreign Potentates Hands j as alfo now doubtful and uncer-
tain the Succefs of War may prove ; England (God be thanked) be-
ing fo prepared, and in cafe to defend it felf both otherwife, and
by the Conjun(5lion of Holland^ and Zeland's Forces by Sea, in
Refpedl, this Realm need not fear what all the Potentates of Europe
being bended againfl us, can do for to annoy the fame ; due Conficic-
lation, I fay, being taken hereof, you will eafily judge, and find
how vain it were tor your Sovereign, upon fo uncertain Hopes to

embark

- — ^^— ^

Vol.111. Lord Thitldsine and Chancel/our of Scothnd. aqj

embark himfclf and Eftate in an unnecefTary Warj but much X);^,]
more it you fliall confider, what a Sequel and Train of Dangers and i>^\^
Hazards this War drawcth therewith, the Confequences whereof
reachetli to whatfoever your Sovereign pofTefTeth, or hopeth for in
this Life. For Efcaping to be flain in Field, if he Ihould hap-
pen to be taken Prifoner, or be conftrained to retire himfelf out
of the Realm (Things that have fallen out often in Experience )
and then having incenfed this whole Realm againft him, he (hould
be difabled from any Right in the Succefifion of this Crown ( as
Authority is given by the fame Statute, whereby they proceed againfl
the Mother ) for Attempting the Invafion of this Land, what Ex-
tremity fhould he be reduced unto.

And, truely it could not otherwile be; the ancient Enmity be-
twixt the Two Nations now forgotten, being by drawing Blood of
one another again, likely to be in fuch Sort revived, as it would
be impoflible to make them like of a Prince of that Nation^ and
him who had been in fo unjuft a Ground the Author of that un-
fortunate Breach. Befides, that the greateft Part of the ancient
Nobility, by whofe Judgement the late Queen was condemned, ind
the Reft of the principal Gentlemen of the Realm, who Confirm-
ed the fame in Parliament, fhould have juft Caufe to adventure
any Thin& even to their marching over their Bellies, rather than
yeild to nis Government, who carrying fuch a vindicfbivc Mind,
they might doubt would one Day call their Lives and Honours
in Qucftion.

And as for the Remedy which he might attend ({landing In thefe
Terms Jl of foreign Princes; there are many Examples of the for-
mer Ages, and within frefh Memory. As the King of I^avarrs
Grand-Father, by tiie Mother Side, and Chrijliern King of Ven^
mark, both were allied to Francis the I. and Charles the V. Two
of the mightieft Potenates that rcign'd in long Time, and that this
prefcnt Don jintonio may fuffice for Examples to teach all Prin-
ces if they can avoid it, to beware how they fall into that State,
whereby they (hall be enforced to feek their own by other Poten-
tates Means, Prince^ arc not fo ready in thofe Days, to embrace
Mens Quarrels, but where they are cxtfaordinarly intercffcd in their
own Fortunes.

Wherefore I doubt not, but it will be feen by Men of Judge*
ment, not tranfported with PafTion, or led away with private Re-
fpeds, that it fhould be every Way the befl Courre for yoar So-
vereign, by a good and kind Ufage of her Majefly, and by fhevr-
ing tnat princely Moderation, as well in this grievous Accidcric of
his Mother's Death, as his whole Proceeding againft this Realm
(which the Excellency of his HighneCs Education, f^cttieth to pro*
niife) to feck ro win the hearty good Wills of this Realm, as the
chief and principal Affurance he can in any fort obtain^

For to truft^ or depend, eitlier upon the Frinch King,- or the

Kinz o( Spain , a* if by their Afliftance h6 miglu: attain to the pic-

^ ^ K Ic fc k k » Fenc

40« The Ltfe of ]OHN MA ITLAND. Vol. III.

lent PoflclTion ot this Crown, which be indeed the only Two Po-
roN^\ tentateswhom he muft hare Rccourfc unto ; if he rejedt the Ami-
^Ai^ ty of £ngUnd^ whofocvcr fhall fo counfel your Sovereign, as
Things prefently ftand, fliall, in the Judgement of Men of bed
Underftanding, oewray great Want either of Fidelity or Judgement,
drawing his Majefty unto fo untoward and defperate a Courfc,

For, 'tis no way (afe for any Prince torepofe hisTrufl and Strength
upon their Favour and AiMance, to whole Defirts and Dcfigns his
Greatnefs may yield any Impeachment or Hindrance j fo were it
clearly againft common Rea(on, to expe(5l any other Support or Af^
fiftance from them, than might ftand with their own Commodity and
Pretenfions ; In refpedl whereof, neither of the two forefaid Kings
can fimply and roundly join with your King for his Good.

Firft, His Religion being odious to them both, ' and likely to
prove moft Prcjudical to the Catholick Caufe, he growing fo
great as he fliould be made by the Union of the Two Crowns i
the Confideration whereof, caus'd his Mother's Affairs to ftick a
long Time, and made now, in end, leavchim q^uite out of Recko-
ning, ordaining the King of Sfain her Heir, if her Son became
not Catholick,

Next, it is meerly Repugnant to the Policic of France^ were it
but in refpc<5l of the ancient Claim England maketh to that
Crown, to fuffer the Uniting of this Ifland under one Prince.

They have been content in former Times, when England had
a Footing in France, to ferve themfelves of your Nation therewith
to annoy this Realm, by the Means of diverting or dividing the
Forces thereof i and fo perhaps the Politicks of France^ can be
content to wifh at this Day, by your Sovereign's Quarrel, or any
other fuch like, to be eafed of the Burden, and the Mifcries of
the prefent War, wherewith they are plagued by Tranfporting the
fame into this Ifland ; but as this Realm hath good Means to pre-
vent that Mifchief, if it were intended, fo were your Sovereign to
look, when all were done, but to be made an Inftrument, as his
Predeceftbrs have been, of the Effufion of much Scottijh Blood for
French Quarrels, and the Defolation of that Realm.

And as Things ftand prefently in France^ it is not thought, that
you fhould find the King ready to hearken to any Enterprize a-
gainft this Land. The laid King, being moft defirous to live in
Peace, both with his Neighbours abroad, and his Subjeds at home;
but, that he hath been forced, fijll fore againft his Will, by the
Pradticc of them of the Houfe of Guife^ to countenance with his
Authority, the Civil War raifcd in that Realm, which maketh him,
whatfoever Shew he maketh to the Contrary, to hate them in his
Heart.

Neither would it be found Counfel to be given him, by any that
depends upon his Fortune, to further the Advancement of a King
of ScotSy fo nearly allied to that Family, wiiich he hath difcovered
and greatly feareth to level at his own Crown, with any Intention

to

Vol. III. Lord Thirlftane and Chnneeliour of Scotland. .q^

to depofe him, which by the Greatncfs ot a King of Scots, they /hould
be fo much the fooner and abler to eflfedt. rN^>*<^

The King of Spain's Afllftance, being how in War with this Re- v^v^
aim, were more likely to be obtained, but far more dangerous
to be us'd, in refpeifl of his infatiable Ambition, deep Pradliccs and
Power, accompanied in this Cafe with a Colour of- Right; wherein
how far he would feelc to prevail, any Opportunity or Advantage
being offered, it may juftly be doubred, by the Experience that fun-
dry States have had, which, upon flender Grounds of Title, have
been Wrung from the true Inheritors, and annexed to his own King-
dom ; as Nd'varre^ Portugal, and all that he polTefleth in Itak
has been.

'Tis believed that the King of Spain, confidering his Years and
unfettled Eikte every way, would willingly incline to Peace, if ic
were ofFefed with reafonable Conditions; and not over readily, at
prefent, einbarlc himfeU in any new Enterprize.

But otherwife, 'tis well known, that as he had fancied to himfelf
an Empire of all this Part of Europe, (6 he had an Eye to this Re-
alm, ever fince he was King in Right of his Wife : The Conqueft
was intended, under Colour of Religion,' as was difcovered by fome
that were of his own Privy Council at that Time. His Prctenfion
to be Heir of the Houfe of Lancafler, and fince the late Queen's
Death, the^Tirft Catholick Prince of the Blood Royal o( England^
as alfo, th6 Donation of this Crown made him by the Queen ot Scots
in her Lettdcs, with a Promile to' confirm it by Teftament, ("Things
blazed abrWad by the faid King's AmbafTador at Paris) ought to breed
Jealoufy and' Suspicion in your Sovereign's Head, and give him to
thinl^,: how* he fhould be us'd'^t firch an AlTiftant's Hand. Auxiliary
Forces haVb'eV^er been reputed dangerous,' if they, either in Policy
or Number, wer6 fiiperior to therti that called thdm in. The A.iU-
ftancc tUci^foT of Spain Sixxd France being of this Nature; as your
Sovereign/ hath Need of neither, ib he Ihall do. well to forbear them
■both,; and fp'fhall it be moft,fqr,nis £afe.

it Imay bei jh^t fome, will pr^t^pd^ , Thar ]by Change. of his Relj-
gioi^;i your Sovereign I fliallbepq;f, l^is,Corifjjti9n in re^^^rd of |:h6^'
Foreign PriiK^s ; besides, .withui, [tj^is Rcajmi ifh^t thef eby ipriany ftall
boidravfrn wholly to depend upqn,his FoJi;tune: Byt tnepoor qiC-
trclTed Eftate ot T>on oylntonio, being a Cat|ip)iqk, Pi^inqe, , fpo^fd
by a Catholick, and receiving fo little Succour at Catholick Princes
Hands, flja,U\^ fufl^cient Barr to all that can be .alledged in that
Belialf.

."As.foj: lh©^GatIlolick Party in England; in his Aiqth^r 5 X.ife ic
was never (b united as they drew all in one Line^^ piuch lefs will
tM)J'bd br0li^tifi4d^enly'to rely upon him, if he fhould alter his
Religion, (as God defend) which would be his utter Difcredit and
Overthrow botli with the one and the other Party, neither having
Oaufc to repofe any Confidence in him; the Protefiants, bccaufe he
had renounced the Religion wherein he was with great Care brought

LUli up;

An. I59J.

^jTS ' TheLifeof }0^^ MAITLAND. Vol lit

up; the Paptfii^ becaufc thev could not be afTured in fliorr Space,
that he was truly turned to their Faith; Yea, all Men Jhould have
Reafon to forfake him, who had thus di(rembled and forfakcn his

GOD.

And where it was given out, that divers do infinuateto your So-
vereign, That his Honour and Reputation is fo deeply intercftcJ
therein, as it muft neceflarly turn to his perpetual Ignominy and
Reproach, if he give not fome notable Teuimony to the World, of
the Atfeftion and dutiful Love he bears to his Mother : Your King
being of that fingular Judgment that he is thought to have, cannot
be ignorant how far true Honour ought to pofTels a Chriftian Prince;
that IS not, whither Paffion or Fury ufeth to carry Men, where Rea-
fon and Wifdom have laid the Bounds, that is, within theCompafs
of Portibility, Decencv and Juftice : If the late Queen had been in-
nocent. Revenge had been neceflarly )uft and honourable; but be-
ing culpable, contrary ! in all reafonable Mens Judgments, he hath
fufficiently difcharged the Duty of a Son in mediatine for his Mo-
ther fo long as (he was alive, and fo far as he was able to prevail :
They who defire more at his Highnefs's Hands, may be prefumed
not to regard what bcfeemcth his Place and Dignity, but to feelc
the Satistadion of their own particular Paffions and Defires.

And whofoever perfwadeth his Highnefs, That the Mediation us'd
by him for his Mother, contrary to the humble Pursuit of the whole
Parliament, hath already given that Offence to the Nobility and
People of this Land, as it behoveth him of force to have Recourfe
to foreign Supports, doth greatly abufe both his Highnefs and this
Realm j for, as they were not ignorant, what Nature might and
ought to move his Highnefs unto, fo long as there was any Hope
of her Lite ; fo they doubt not but that Reafon will induce him to
leave Sorrowing, and Thinking of her in due Time.

Thus I have troubled you with a long Difcourfe, whercunto the
Defire I have of the Continuance of Amity betwixt the two Crowns,
hath carried me unawares, further than I propofed : All which I re-
fer to your good Confideration, not doubting but you'll afford mofl
readily and willingly all good Offices that fhall lie in your Power,
to the End, that a happy Conclufion may enfue hereof, which
(hall tend to the common Good of the wnolc Ifland. And fo I
commit you to GOD.

from the Court Tohr LorJJhip'f

of Greenwich,
the ^th of March, apred Friendt

FRA. WALSINGHAM

Otn

f

Vol. III. Lord Tliirlftane and ChanccUour of Scotland. 2.1 1

OU R Author having fhewn this Letttr to the King, it had fuch
Influence over his timorous Temper, that it put a Stop to his 2^^
Delign of Revenging his Mother's Death: r>y\j^

Yet this Letter being writ with fuch a Warmneifs jn Defence of
that Murder, the Chancellour's Enemies took.occafion from it tO h.„.,«.
accuCe him of being acceObry to it : And Sir W^Ui am Stuart (Bro- ^hatnJl^
thcr to the late ChanccUour^ cntred into a Confpiracy with the i!'5«';f,'°«
Lord Maxwel and the Mafter of Gray againft him(, and the Ma- m""^'
Iter, to make him the more forward, told Sir WtUiant, That it was ^'^ '''"'*"''
Thirljlaney theJuftice-CIerk, Blantyre and himfelf that brought in " '*"'^'
the Lords at Stirlim^ and put his Brother from Court, which he re-
pented, and would help, fo far as he could, to recall him. Our Au-
thor being informed of this, at the firft Meeting ot the Privy Coun-
cil he complained of the Injuftice that had been done hirri and
dcfired that he might be legally tried. The Mafter of Gray, upon
this, denied that ever he had faid any fuch Thing: Whereupon Sit
William was called before the Counalj and ftanding to what he
had faid, the Mafter of Gray and he fell a contefting, and after fome
warm Expreftions upon both Sides, Sir William told him roundly,
That hi deferred no Credit, as having abujed his Ambajjage to Eng-
land, and treacheroujly consented to the Murder oj the Kings Mother.
This was founded upon a Report of a Letter, written by the Ma-
fter to the Queen of England at his Leaving that Court ; wherein
he advifed her to put (Jueen Mary to death, making ufe of thefe
Words, cMortui non mordent, Dead People bite not. Upon this the
Council defired the King to put the Mafter of Gray to a Trial, and
to commit both him and Sir William to Prifon, in order to their
Trial ; which was accordingly done, and both of them were fent to
the Caftlcof JEdinburgh. In the mean time our Author urged, that
he might be cleared as to what was laid to his Charge : And the
Lord Hamilton, the Earls of Mar and Bothwel upon Oath declared,
That they had no j4(^urance from any about the King, at the Time of
their Coming, till they were receiiJed by His Majefiy in Favour, And
there was no more of that Matter.

But this did not put a Stop to the Malice of the Chancellour's
Enemies ; for the late Chancellour, who had been ever fince the
Enterprize at Stirling lurking ationgft his Friends, wrote a Letter
to the King J wherein, amongft other Things, }ie accufed our Au-
thor of (being acceftory to his Mother's Death, and of having a De-
sign of delivering the King himfelf to the Queen of England. This
Letter was delivered to the King by Henry Stuart of Craighall, and
immediately communicated to tlic Council; who charged him to
enter his Pcrfbn within the F'alacc of Linlithgow, and to remain
there till the Truth of what he wrote was examined ; with Certifi-
cation^ that if he did not obey, diat he ftiould be forfeited, ^d held
and eftecm'd a$ a Sower of ocdition betwixt the King and hi* Nq-
bility ) Aod> upon bis not Delivering himfelf up at tae TimeprcH-

I U 1 fi xed,

411 rije Ltfc of ]OnN MAITLAND, Vol. III.

xed, the Oft'ce ot Clianccllary, which was as yet void, wai bcftow^
jy?*^ ed, as wc have faid, upon our Author.

wiK/^ Xhc King having fatisfied the Murmurings of the General AfTem-
blv aeainft the Papifts, 1587. the Chancellour was fcnt by the
ding, wiih r,np to acquaint them, That he expected they would cive Him
fomc Satistadtion for the undutitul hxprellions or fomeof their Bre-
thren, and particularly of Mr. y^wf J C;^/(7«, who had obtained his
Liberty, upon Proniiie that he ftiould give Satisfaction at the Af-
fembly's Delne. Upon this he was called before the Aflcmbly, and
acknowledging his Offence, he was enjoined by them, the next Ser-
mon-dav to pVeach and make a publick Acknowledgment of the Of-
fence he had given : This he promifcd to do, but when he came
to the Place, lie made no Mention of itj and being challenged for
not doing what he had promifed, he anfwered, 0«f of Infirmity
and Weaknejs he had confe\]ed a Fault, albeit his Confcience did tell
him he had not fpoken any Thing that might give jufi Offence. Upon
this the Chancellor required the Judgment of the Aifembly, Whe-
ther or no they thouglit it an Offence to call the King a Perfecuter
of the Church, and to affirm in Pulpit, That he fhould be the lafl of
that Race ? For fome Time they declined to give an Anf\Ver, by
ftiifting the Qiieflion; but the Chancellour having prefs'd diem to
^ive a diredt Anfwer to it, it was put to the Vote, and by a Majo-
rity 'twas found, That the Speeches were flanderous and oflFe'nfive,
and therefor, that he ought to be cenfured ; but it being about iz,
of the Clock when the Vote paffed; the Determining the Cenfurc
that ought to be inflicfted upon him, was deferred to the Afternoori,
and lie was warned to attend at fucb an Hour : ■ The Hour being
come, and he not appearing, there arofe greater Heats am'onglt
thfem than before ; fome alledging, that Citation mufl be us'd before
a Gdnfure be inflidfed ; others excus'd his Abfenee;becaufe he had jufl
Reafon to be fear'd, being purfued by fo great a Manas the tliancel-
lour was. To this the Chancellour replied, That there was no Fear
of an) indirect or violent Courfe to be taken; the King, who by his own
Authority might have funifijed him, havings for the Regard he car-
ried to the Church, chocs d to complain to the j4j]embly, and remit the
Offender to be cenfured by themjelves : ^nd as for that of the Cita-
tion, the Warning given in the Face of the ylffembly was ftifficient ;
and that, by his not appearing, he had added Contumacy to his Of-
fence. Thefe Anfwers of the Chancellour's being fuftaincd as fuffi-
cienr, 'twas put to the Vote, What his Cenfure fhould be ; and by
che Majority, he was ordained to be fufpended from the Miniflry
during rlie Pleafure of the Affembly.

But this did not put an End to the Matter ; for, at an AfTembljr
which wa*called the next Year, in the Month of Augtiff^ i'588,^ he
compeared before them, and declared, That the Reafon why he with-
drew in the former Ajembly, was not any Contempt or Stftbbornnefs on
his Part, but the Care he had of the Church's Peace; the Affairs
whereof, as he was informed-^ had ken cafl off, if he had compeared

and

Vol.111. Lord Timld-Mie and Chcwceiiour of bcoiUnd. ^li

and not been punijhed. Upon this Declaration, wicliout once ac-
quainting the King, he was purged of Contumacy ; and thereby, JJ^"^
a Way made for his being reponcd.: Which Co incenfed the King ^^V*i
againft him, that He refolved to take another Method with him;
which Mr. Gtl>fon being informed of, fled into England, where he
was entertainccl by the fadlious Brethren, who were labourinf^ at that
Time to bring in the holy Difcipline (as they called it) into the
Church.

The News of the Spanifh uirmado being divulged, and the King, , «,b
being advertifed of their putting to Sea, called a Meeting of the "i"".' '" •''•
Eflates at Edinburgh, in the Month of Augufi 1588 ; wherein the sa^-aV *
King delivered his Mind to them concerning thatProjedl:, in a rriofl '"'^''•
wife and elaborate Difcourfe, which was feconded by the Chaneel-
lour; wlio, from his vail Reading, did illuflrate what the King had
faid, from various Hiftories, fhewing, Hjat 'twas no zuays expedient
to ftde with the Spaniards in that Innjafion, or to \ujfer them to po^efs
themfehes of England ; ^et fince the ^jteen of England had required
no Aid from the king, his Opinion was. That the King, for the Se-
curity of his own Dominions, Jhddd caufe a general Mufter to he
made of the ivhole Realm, and Jome Noblemen named, unto whomy
upon Occafion, theSubje^s might re fort; and that Watches p^ould be
appointed at all the Sea ports, and "Beacons Jhould be ereffed in the
highefl Places, for ad-vertifing the Country tf any Fleet was feen at
Sea ; and that the King and Council f^ould fay at Edinburgh, to at-,
tend the Succefi of Things, and dtreti the Subjects accordingly.

This Speech of our Chancellour's was applauded by the whold
Parliament excepting the Earl of Bothwel, who was prclTing to have
that Occafion embrac'd for the Invading of England ; and was fb
forward in it, that upon his own Expences he had levied Soldiers
to ferve under him.

A litde after the Convention of Eflatcs dilToIved, Colonel Sem-
pie arrived at Leith, with a Comniiffion from the Prince of Parma
to Kin^ James -f but the Affair was of fo trifling a Nature, that the
King fufpeded he had fome other Dcfign in his View, and therefor
commanded Sir John Cdrmichael (taptain of the Guard) to have,
a particular Eye over him till he returned from Falkland-^ and if a*
ny Letters came to him from Abroad, that he fhould feize them
and deliver them to the Council, Sir John having got notice, that
a Pinnace was arrived in the Firth and a Paffenger landed, went
' ftraight to the Colonel's Lodging at Leith ; and finding him unfeal-
ing the Letters, he told him what the King had commanded him
to do 1 Upon which the Colonel told him, That he would go a-!
longft with him, and deliver his Letters himfelf ; but in their Way.
they were met by the Earl of Huntly, who forced Sir John to quit
his Prifoner, telling him, That he would prefcnt him to the Coun-i
ciL Sir John having acquainted the Ciiancellour of this, who waJ
at Evening-fervicc at St. Giles s Church at the Time, (for k was at

M m m tn m Day

414 The Life of }Ol]^ MAITLAND, Vol.111.

Day of Humiliation^ he came to the Street, followed by a. Multi-
r>y\.^ tuae of People ; and he had certainly retaken the Colonel from
vjiv^ Huntlyt had he not met with the King, as he was going down the
Street, newly returned from Falkland^ who took him alongfl with
him to his Lodgings within the City, where at that Time and the
mod of the Winter he kept his Refidence.

The King had no fooner come to his Lodgings, but he told him
all that hacThappened : Upon which Hmtly was call'd, and having
made a frivolous Excufe for himfelf, he promifed to prefent the
Colonel the next Morning j but that very Night he made his E-
fcape : Which Co incenfed the King againft Httntly, that he di{^
charged him his Prcfence, and never would fee him, till fuch time
as he got the News of the Difappointmcnt of the Spaniards ; and
then, as in a Time of publick Joy, that Fault was ovcrfeen and
pardoned.

The Chancellour daily gaining more and moreRefpecfl: from the
tii^No'Cliit"/ King, for his wife and prudent Management, feverals of the Nobi-
ukt"«y'hi° lity, as 'tis ordinary in fuch Cafes, envied his too great Power with
difelulhrn the King, and refolvcd to take the King out of his Hands, at the
ptojtft, Expences of his Life : And to bring this about, 'twas agreed. That
they fhould meet all at the Gluarrtl-boles betwixt Leith and Edin-
hur^h, and go from thence to Holy-rood-houje, and place themfelves
about the King, and im.mediately to commit to PriCon the Chan-
cellour and the Treafurer, or if they found them with the King,

prefently to kill them : But they were difappointed in their Projeft,
by the King's Remaining in Edmhurgh; for he fufpeifled that they
had fonie Plot acainft the Chancellour's Life, and therefor he ftaid

in the fame Lotigine with him. But this failing them, they laid

another Plot, for talcing him by open Force out of the King's Arms ;

and an Appointment was made for their Meeting upon fucn a Day.

At this Time Bothivel was at his Houfe of Crichton^ and kept about

him the Soldiers that he had levied, pretending a Journey to the

Jjles ; for he was Lord High Admiral : Crawford and Errol came

with their Followers to the North Ferry; <*y^dontrofs feigned aVifit

to his Coufin Mr. John Graham at Halyards, about fix Miles from

Edinburgh : And being apprized of the King's keeping f^ill his old

Lodgings in the Town, they came no farther; but Huntly, who re-

fided at Dumfermling with his Lady, prefuming much upon the

King's Affedtion, in the Evening on which they nad appointed to

meet, came unexpected to the King's Lodging, when the King had

a Conference with the Chancellour : But the King no fooner faw

him but he asked him whence he came from; and why he was fo

late ? And then falling upon fome other Difcourfe with him, the

Chancellour ftept afide to the Window, feeing a Crowd of armed

Men coming in to the Room j for Huntly had brought with him

theLaird oOCmfams, Brother to the Earl of Crawford, and fome of

ErroCs Men ; thefe having fill'd the Room, the Chancellor's Friends

began to fufpe(5l: fome bad Defign : Upon which the Laird of Or-

mijlom,

An. 159J.

Vol. III. Lord Thirlftanc and Chancellour of Scotland. ^j^

tnifioun, Carmichaeh and the Provoft of Lindowden drew nigli to
him, with a Defign to ftand by him, in cafe there (hould be any At-
tempt made upon his Perfon. After the King had talked fome
Time with the Earl, he retired to his Clofet ; and ftayinc fome-
what longer than was expeftcd, the Chancellour having asked the
Uftier, if it was Time to fup i* And being anfwered. That it was
he went thro' the Throng guarded by the Three Perfons above
mentioned, to his own Lodgings, which were jufl; above the
King's. Then he fent word to the King of the Danger that they
were both in ; upon which Huntly and all his Followers were defi-
red to remove, which was immediately done : And the next Mor-
ning, the King having fent for the Earl, and having examined him
upon his Defign of coming to the Town ; and the Earl not giving
fatisfadtory Anfwers, he was committed Prifoner to the Caftle oi
Edinburgh. Crawford and Errots Men, who were at the North
ferry, having got notice of this, immediately difperfed, and the
whole Plot was difcovered : And the Earls of Errol and 'Sothwel
were cited to appear before the Council, and for their Non-appea-
rance, were denounced Rebels : Q^ontrofs and Crawford were noc
called, having begged His Majefty's Pardon, and promifed not to
meddle any more in that Affair: Hmtly, after a few Days, obtain'd
his Liberty upon the fame Terms ; but as, he went to the North, ho
met with the Earl of Crawford at Perth; where they renewed their
Dcflgns againft the Chancellour and Treafurer, and refolved to for-
tifie the Town of Perth, as a Place moft convenient for drawing
Forces together from all Quarters ; but doubting how they fhould
make good their Enterprize, they gave over that Defign : But be-
ing informed that the Treafurer (the Mafler of Glamts) was come
to Angus, and that he had appointed a Meeting of fome of his
Friends at the Church of cyHetgle, they way-laid him, and purfued
him to the Houfe of Kirkhi//, which they fct fire to, and forc'd him
to yield himfelf Prifoner to his Coufin the Laird of cAuchindown.
After which they broke out into open Rebellion, and came, with a
confiderable Following, to the Town oi Aberdeen, in the Beginninty of
April 1 589. where they emitted a Proclamation in the King's Name,
declaring. That he was kept Prifoner by the Chancellour, and by him
advifed to ufe his ancient Nobiltty xvtth that Rigour which he was na-
turally averje to : Requiring^ all the Lieges to concur with and ajsifi
them to fet His Perfon at Liberty. Their Hopes were, that the Earl
of Bothxvel, with his Followers in the South, would create the King
fuch Trouble, that they needed not to fear any Diflurbance from
him : But they were miflaken, as we fhall fhew in the Life of that
Prince ; and they were obliged to fubmit themfelves to his Mercy.
This Defign againfl our Author's Life was no fooner over, but
there was another form'd againfl him, as being anObflru<5ter of the
King's Marriage with the Princefs of 'Denmark ', for Sir fames Mel-
njil tells us, * Tliat upon the Queen of England'iOppoCmg the Mar-

Mmmmm 2, * iiage>

^75" TheLtfeof ]0^^ MAITLAND, Vol- iq

' riaee, our Council was convecn'd (a\ and enticed to vote againfl
' the Marriage of ©fwwiirii whereat His Majcfty took fuch a Dcf-

An 1S9V

picht, that ne caus'd one ot his familiar Servants to deal fecrctly with

* lome of the Deacons of the Craftfmcn oi Edinburgh, to make a Mu-
' tinV' againft the Chancellour and the Council, threatning to flay

* him, in cafe the Marriage with the King ofDrww^ri's Daughter were
' hindied or longer delayed '. Butnotwithflandingof allthis, feveral
other Stops being put to it, the King turned fo extreamly diffatisfied,
that he could neither fleep nof reft : And the Chancellour's Enemies
takin" this Opportunity, did all they could to perfwade HisMajefty,
that ^was all owing to the Chancellour; which he being inform d
of, acquainted His Majefty, that he was fo far from oppoHng his
Defi"n, that he would go himfelf in Perfon and brin" home the
Queen: ' And by little and little (/^jj Sir James.Mcl'uil) he in-

Km°.r * infonn'd him fo well of the faid Voyage, and the great Charge {b)
withiheK- ^ j^^ hadbeftowed upon a fair and fwirt-failine Ship, that His Ma-
'■■ jeft) was moved to take the Voyace himfelf, and to fail in the
' fame Ship with the Chancellour, witli great Secrecy and fhort Pre-
' paration ; making no Man privy thereto but fuch as the Chancel-
' lour pleas'd, and fuch as formerly had all been upon his Fadlion *,
But whatever Truth may be in this Account of Sir J armies Mehil's.
who was no Friend to tlic Chancellour, 'tis certain that it was a ve-
ry bold and dangerous Attempt in him to carry the King alongft
with him; for 'twas upon the 12, of Oihber that they put to (ea,
and the Weather was rough and ftormy ; and the laft Day was fo
tempeftuous, that they were all like to peridi : But it pleafed God
that the King arrived the fame Night at an Harbour in Norwajt
(not far from V^Jlo, where the King remained) and the next Sun-
day the Marriage was folemnized.

The fame Sir "James Melvil tells us (A That whilft our Author
was in Denmark, great Contentions arofe betwixt the Earl of cyMa-
rijchal and him j for the Earl of Mar ij chat, by virtue of his Office,
claim'd the next Place to His Majefty as long as he was there; and
on the other hand, the Chancellour claim'd it as due to his Office.
He tells us likewifc, That he advifed His Majefty, upon his Return,

* To have no Privy Council, but the Exchequer, and the Nobility

* to be debarred from it : Sundry of the Lords of Sefllon to be put
' out, who he judged had no Dependence upon him, and others
' his Creatures put in their Room. He caus'd a Proclamation to

* be penn'd, which was fent home, to be proclaim'd before His
' Majefty's Return, That none of the Nobility fhould come to Court

* not being fent for; and then, to bring with them fix Perfons and

* no more; likewife, every Baron to bring but four: Likewife, he

* refolved to caufe ward fuch as had been unruly and difobedient

* during His Majefty's Abfence, as the Earl of Bothwel, the Lord

* Hume, and divers Borderers and Highlandmen.

But

(«) Mtlvil'j Mem. P. 17J. (*J lU. P. i8i. (0 /W. f. igj.

Vol.111. Lord Tluriiiane and Chance /Jour of bcoiLnnd. ^jy

Buc that vvliich moftly concerns our Defign is, Tliat wmlft our
Author was in ^Denmark he became intimately acquainted with the r>,y\ys
famous Tycho Brahe, with whom he contraded an intimate f riend* t^/ w
fliip : And aiiiongft our Author's Poems, we find two Epigrams up-
on Tychos ridure, one upon his Obfervatory, and one upon him-'
Celf. Ail which we fhall here infert, to let the Reader know what
an excellent Turn of Wit, what a happy Genius, and what a Po«
litencfs of Stile he had.

In Effigiem Tychonis 'BrahA, ad Pidlorem.

FA C tibi dent Superi^ pidas animare figurasy
Hunc tcimcn fW/V aut arte referre neauis;
Q^ajejfajqne oris nuuaejl imitabilis arte;
JXec tantum Heroem parva tabella capit.

Ad Eundem.

^o6fa (juidem., fed manca tamen, nam plurima defunt

'Dtgna colt ; ^virtus, mens, decor ^ ingenium :
Humana h^c nan arte queunt nee mente referri.

f^is njeram effigiem pingere, pinge Deum.

In Uraniam.

Ouod Jovif alt a domus, micquid natura vel orbitf

Alter ^ orbis IjAbet, mtrum opus Urania.
£/? merito divija orbi, quam non capit orbis :

^mida nature h^c, &mulus ipfe Jovi.

Ad Tychonem ipfum.

TTCHO, natur'A tot mira at que abdita pandis,
Vt fis natur& jiims atque parens.

Upon tlic King's Return from Denmark, the Earl of Bothwtl was
accus'd by the Chancellour, of confulting Witches for the Killing H..«Qf«,
of the Kinp ; and amonj^ft thefe, there was one Ames Simfon, com- fott^uf^
moniy called ihe wife Wife of ICeith (a), who in Tier Examination uiTng",!^
declared, .* That Ihe had. a familiar Spirit, whoj upon her Call, did*^"**

♦ appear in A vifible Form, 'and refolve her of any doubtful Mat-
' ,tcr, efpccially. concerning the Life and Death of any Perfons ly-

♦ iirg Tick. "And being askd, what Words Ihe us'd when flie called

♦ the Spirit?. ■ She faidhei Words were, Holla^ Majler; .and tliat
< jie had learned her fo to do. ' She further confefled, That die Earl

♦ of Bothivel had moved her to enquire what would beconreof the

♦ Kuig '■ How long hi fliould reign? And what fliould happen af-

♦ ter his Death ? And that the Spirit, having undertaken to make

N n n n n * awuy

f<tj Sj.oiir«oo4. Lib. i. V. )t).

4i8 The Ltfe of ]OHN MAlTLAND. Vol.111.

* away the King, alter, had tailed in performing 1 And being
r^^^'''^ 1 challenged by Iter, confcffed it was not in his Power, fper^king
vji«v^ t Words flic underftood not , but as Ihc did mind, the Words were,
0 // eji homwe de Dieu, that is in French, He is the M^n of Cod.
At the fame Time another accus'd of Sorcery, called Richard Grct-
ham, being examined, cbnfefTcd that Bothwel likcwifc had conful-
tcd him about the King's Death; For which he was committed to

.hrt±'* Prifon, intheMonthot e///;r/7 I59I-

imp..fon.d. BLit he had not been above a Month in Prifon when he made his
Efcape, by bribing his Keeper ; upon which the Kinc ordered a
Proclamation to be ilfued out againft him, declaring him Traitor,
and discharging all his Sub)e(n:s to keep any manner of Intelligence
or Corrcfpondence with him. On the other hand, Bothwel laid the
whole Blame upon the Chancellour, and drew together fome Com-
panies of Men; declaring, That he had noDefign againft the King,
but againft the Chancellour : But 'twas not long before the moll
of his Men deferted him, fubmitting tiiemfelves to the King's Mer-
cy ; and he himfelf was obliged to flee into England.

Towards the Fnd of the Year 1591, the Queen laid a Claim to
AF.aionu ^'^^ Lordfliip of Mujjelhrgh, as being a Part of Dumfermling, and
fotonj .- defircd the ClianccUoiir to refign it in her Favours j for he had ac-
^'"h. Q. quired an heritable Right to it, at the making the Atft of Annexa-
k^with-" tion : The Chancellour refufing to do this, the Queen, to be rcven-
'""■ ^cd, raifed a Facflion againft him in the Council ; the principal Per-
Ibns of which were, the Duke of Lennox, the Earls of Argyle, An-
gus, Errol and Morton, the Lord Hume and the Mafter of Glamis:
The Chancellour finding this, he withdrew from the Court, and
lived retiredly in Ntdjdale for the remaining Part of the Year: But
upon his Return to the Court, the moft part of the Counfellors
made their Application to the King acainft him; but he vindicate
himfelf fo well of all that was laid to his Charge, that he became
as much in the King's Favour as ever. But the Queen ftill reiain'd
a Grudge at him tor refufing her the Loid^\^oi Mn^eliurgh -^ but
at lengtn, by the Means of Robert Ker of Cejsford, who had mar-
ried his Niece, the Queen was alfo reconciled to him ; and to in-
gratiate himfelf the more in her Favours, he concurred with her in
ner Defign of taking the young Prince from the Earl oi Mar: For
which he received afevere Reprimand from the King, which he took
fo much to heart, that he fell into a lingring Sicknefs, of which he
died at his Houfe of Lawder, as Spotifwood fays : But Johnffon fays
kcha^Vl'. that he died Epileptitk. But Sjfot if wood's Account of his Death
fcems more probable ; for he fays (a), ' That during his Sicknefs he

* fent his Coufin the Secretary to the King, who remained then at

* Hamilton, and by him excufed his Dealing in that Matter, with

* a folemn Proteftation of his Fidelity in all His Majefty's Services;

* ferioufly commended his Lady, Cnildren and- Friends, now that

* he was to end his Life, to His Majefty's Prote(ftion. The King

* was

I ■ > ■ ■ ■.!

C«) Ub. (. Pi 414.

Vol. III. Lord Thirlftanc and Chancel/our of bcodand. ^^.i^

' was much troubled with the News, and wrote unto him, witn uis

* own Hand, the following Letter. JS^

"^N/^

CHANCELLOR,

0 W forry J am of theje News, 1 leave it to yourself toiudae.
J zvas never a Di\jembler of my oAffe^ions, and yet i trufi

H

that God loill not [foil me of you jo untimely ; therefore zvill
pray fo far^ as you may zvtth a valiant Heart reftjl the ^Jaults of your
Sicknejs ; hopuig in the Goodnefs of my fortune, that God ivill rejervc
you yet to me, as Hezekiah was to his People; for the Necefsity be-
tween Prince and Subjeifs is reciprocal : Nor can any Sicknels, how
heavy foever it be, take away the Life, if God cut not the Threads
thereof. As to your Suits ; if God calls you, I need no Remembrance ;
for fince I made you a Pattern of my con f ant Favour during your Life,
{as yourfelf hath oft-times faid) / am much more hound, of Princely
Duty, to make your IVife andTofterity, that bears your Image, a vivc
Reprefentation of my thankful (tMemory; and to comfort you in this,
remember what I have done to the Duke and the Lady Huntly, for
their Fathers Sake. This may affure you, in cafe of the worfi (which
Cod fcrhid) your Thoughts fhall be prevented herein by my thankful
Behaviour to them. And for your Couftn the Secretary, he fjaU be
the better at my Hand in lofingyou. But I green to hear better News ;
and if Time and Di fiance of Place could have permitted me in any
way, I Jhould not have fpard to have carried my own Mefjage my (elf
God fend yoH your Health, and keep you to me and to your native
Country.

* This Ihewed (continues Spotijwtod) in what Account the King
held him : And in truth he deferved no left; for he was a Man
of rare Parts and of a deep Wit, learned, full of Courage, and
mod faithful ro his King and Mafter ; in that lafl: Bufinels which
the'Queen went about, of taking the Prince from the Earl of Mar,
he was confcnting, Cfor the two Noblemen had their private E-
mulations) but it was ever with a Relervation of His Majefty's
Plcafurc. No Man did ever carry himfelf in his Place more wife-
ly, nor fuftain it more couragioufly againft his Enemies than lie
did. Being vifited in his Sicknefs by Mr. Robert Bruce and the
Minillers of Edinburgh, he exprefTed a great Contempt of the
World and of the Vanities of it ; lamenting that he had not done
the Good which he would and might have done in his Place, btf-
ing impeded, as he faid, by the Malice of his Adverfarics, who
were ever plottinc his Death and Ruin. Two Months he contPf
nued under that languifhing Sicknefs, and ended his Days moft
happily the ^d of OSlober 1595. The King did greatly lament
his Death, and honoured him with an Epitaph.

♦ Others, for all this, fpared not to exprefs thqir Malice in Libels,
and Kythms after his Death; fome whereof wcie caftin |he King's

N n n n n l Cham-

410 ThcUfeof ]0^^ MAJTLAND. V^'l- TIf.

' Chsimbcr ^t Lirilftb^oiu and other Places: But as thcAucIiori were
rsy\^ i not known, fo were the Rythms dcfpifcd and corticiiined by all
*^'V%' ' good Men. [TTjus far Spotifwood]

Dr. fohn/fon, in his Hiflory, /peaking of our Authors Death,'
f^'s (a), That he was a Perfon of great Learning, well feen in the
Laws, of great Dexterity in the Management of pubhck Alfairs, of
a plea(ant and facetious Humour, but a litde too fatyrical ', by
w'.iich means he procured to himfelf a great many Encmie-, who
were conflantly plotting his Ruin : But notwithftanding of aU their
Malice, he ibll behaved himfelf with fuch Prudence iind Magnani-
mity of Mind, that he defeated all their ProjedVs againft him •.' And
in a Word, That he was a nioft acconiplidi'd Gentlenrran j but
ilandered by his Enemies, for beingContnver of thcMurdcr of the
Earl of Q^urray : His Words are, Jnler hac Merellanus PrafcclM
■juris (jncertum., Jludtis huinanioribus ^ "Juris Ci'vilis jcientin, an
reins quxrendis cfarior) hoc tempore, 'vt morbi [onNct interccptus ejt;
haud Aquahtli gratia apud Frinctpew, ^ vHa luij^y.. njono (tfptrOy
modo tranqnillo, turn demum, intelleiia inani ^ operofa Jcdttlnaic,
in ftipervacuis lalorihus coaitare capita quot fiuiius juhjectt' {^:<ot t:rf2-
pehate'i pri'vatas ^ public as [uflinuertt^ in tranqHiliicrt-.,'- p^rtt^m
Tiavifare concupiit, o Lawden interiit- Is rneritw, /icjuitate tn re-
bus judtcandiSy jolertia ingenii^ perttta ufque rerum^ ut ad pofienta-
tis memoriaTn fawa Celebris ejjet- In prim* juventa multis Jifrimi-
nibM obnoxiu/, pofl calamitatem Ledingtoni fratrts altquamhu la-
tuit : pro-jeda £tjte, gradatim honores (5 publica Reipub. munera a-
deptui, non fine magna invidia Procerum admini/lravit, Cfuam irn-
modicis jocis provocavit : fupervacaneum efi Jingula maledida refer-
re, per quA in Troceres inimicofque Juos contumeliojus fuit, u4d jpe-
cimen excel ft animi femper edtdit : mttr ad'uerjas fatfiones mc^^n.im
Uudem prudentii. indujlri&que tulit : reliquit clarifsima monun/enta
dodrinx Ju/t, Eptgrammata Latino fermone confcripta, fenefcente /«-
'vidia. quam dies mitigavit ; fama ejus vario jermone 'uulgi cllebra-
ta, qutmfdam natura dicacior 'vifus, ($" ne inter tempora curarum
^verbis aut facet iis jatis temperans ; aliis, ubi officio fatts fecit, lenis, re-
mtfsuSy urbanus ) procul a trifiitia aut feveritate, jocos temperatos fe-
riis permtfcens. 'T>ie funeris, quam ampltjsime pio conjugalique an.ore
datus, meditata ad memeriam virtutum carmtna, mutti lugubri co-
rn Ana ejus fuprema defiebant. Cunilis haud lata memoria ; alii, ut
memoravi, dtjcordiarum inter Proceres (^ Murra^uiA cAdis authorem
arguebant.

As our Author was one of the befl: Latin Poets of his Age, as his
Epigrams, which are ftill exftant, tcftifie; fo the beft Poets in the
Kingdom took care to' celebrate his Praifes after his Death, by ma-
ny excellent Epitaphs; but I fliall only take notice of three of them :
The Firft is by Mr. yindrew Q^elvil ; the Second is by the famous
Sir Thomas Craig; and the Laft is what is upon his Tomb ztHad-
dingtoun: Where he lies interred with feverais of his Predeceflbrs.
^ Tu-

(«) Hill, w. Bill, Lib. 7, r, M4.

Vol. III. Lord Thirlftane and ChanctUour of Scotland.

4ir

Tumulus Joannis Metellani Scotix Cancellarii.

LLB (^MeteUanus^ cui Regni incLiruit ingens
jinniilns, ^ R^gts wenfque mannjcjue fui:
Cui Rex incubuit, Regni dum 'uerjat habencisi
Ghtp dtice tanta fuit pax foras at que domi :
Glut, Claris prognatus a'vis, (^ Jangaine prifco,

Laude nova -veteres nohtlita'vit avos.
Hac tirna fitus tn parva, tibi furdior aula
Intonat hoc, Si vis vivere, difce mori.

Epitaphium Joannis Metellani, Magni Scotia: Cancellarii.

HVmida cjuod terra fades, tot mcnfibus &ther
Jmbrtbus mfejlus. findibus xqiior erat :
^luodque Ceres mentita fidem\ fat amcrferat undisy

^t her is ^ terra h&c figna gementis erant.
Qjiippe is^etellano (cujus frcndente profane

Invidta, ad mimdi niAnia fama 'volat)
Jufa pi is lachrymisy (S pnH^ "vefe parabant,

Nee lucem in luifu j'ujlinuere Jho-
Sed ft wens nlla eft hominis pr&fa^a futurii

2yec fen.' per Vcrtes vana refer re folent.
Si Niobcn jlet adhuc marnwr, ft Candida vatttm

c^J^'ter, adhuc multo A'fcmnona rare gemit ;
Mult a diuque tibi lachrymarum fumina fundet

Scotia, confilits fola relief a fuis.

Aliud.

EmO e^eteliano tjt JujfeShu, curita? ^od par
Nemo MeteUano., nemo fecundw erat.

Upo|i his Tomb in i\\QC\\\i\d\ oi Haddingtctm is this Infcription.

O A NN'I' Mctellano, Baroni deTliyrljlane, magno Scotia Can-
cellarto ; qui, a nobtli Metellana ftirpe oriundiu, vetufijsiwA
familta decus celcbriore titulo auxit : Cujiu fincera pietas, he-
roica mens, &uditio firtgularis, gnat}a fortititdo, poferis anmlanda,
invtdcnda antiquis, parcm iiix habuerunt : Liberalitas exprompta,
Uttu lepidufq^i^ ^nf^enii vigoy, devixerit fbi publict omnes, privatim,
fingulos: ^u<^n,'..poft yaria tn Rep. ,pr£clare gejlamtmia, Jacob tu.,
eJM nomints^extips, Scotorum R^ex, [omnium quos Europa'unquam
'uidit (apienti(}j.mus) ad jummum Cancellariatus fajligium, accla-
rnatilibus tribus Rfrni Ordinibus, ^in Comitip publicis evexit. Sed
munus tllud annos vtx noycm fuftinuit, cam ea tamen prudentia, in-
tegritaie ac laudf^ ut merito airman pofsit, Brevis dignitatis ingen-
tern fuijje gloriam. Tandem^ annos natus quinquaginta, in medio f e-

O o o o o rt

An. 151)5.

^ rhcltjeoj JOHN MAITLAND, Vol. ig

re honor urn (^ 'virtuturn curricula ereplus^ actrhum jut defideriHm relh
quit omnibus, prdcipue Regi Optimo; qui 'verjihus J^ermcutisy Jupremo
huic mtirmori mci/is, demortuo partfitavit. Obiit oAnm 1595- 5
iVb«. Oclobris, tn arce fua de Thyrll\anc, a je rectns txftruCta.

"Joannes Metellanus Lauder is, Comes, fitius unigena, parent i Op-
timo, ma'iore pietate quam impenfa, pom curavtt.

In EngltP) thus.

TO John Maitland, Baron of Thyrlftane, Lord High Chanccl-
loLif of Scotland, who, being defcendcd of the noble Stotic
of the Maiclands, by a more glorious Title, augmented the
Honour of that moll noble Family : Whofe fincere Piety, heroick
Mind, fingular Learning, undaunted Courage, to be imitated by
Poftcrity, to be envied % Antiquity, fcarce had a parallel : His rea-,
dy Liberality, chcartul and facetious Strength ofWit, gain'd to him
the Artedions of all, both iiT publicic and in private; Whom, after
feveral honourable Offices in tlie Commonwealth faithfully difchar-
"ed, King James, the Sixth of that Name, King of Scotland, (the
wifeft of all the Kings ever Europe favv) advanced to the High Dig-
nity of Chancellour, with the Confent and Acclamations of the
Three Eftates of the Kingdom, in publick Parliament ; But he hardly
enjoyed that Poft nine Years; but with fuch Prudence, Integrity and
univerfal Approbation, that it may be faid of him, Great was the
Glory of his Ihort-liv'd Dignity. At length, having attained to the
Fiftieth Year of his Age, almoft in the Midftof his Race of Honours
and Virtues, being fnatch'd away, he letr with all Pcrfons a moft
atflid ing Senfc of the Want of him, efpecially to our moft excel-
lent King, who compofed the Englifh Verfes engraven upon the
Top of his Marble, in the Praife of the Defundt. He died the 3d of
O^iober 1 595, in his own Caille of TTo^rljiane^ lately built by

himfelf.

John e^aitland Earl of Lauderdale, his only Son ; to his
moft defervin^ Father caufcd eredt this Monument, more
out of Piety than vain Glory.

TTje Verfes compofed by the Kingf mentioned in this Jnfcriptiortf
are as follows.

THu Paflenger, who fpyft with gazeing Eyes
This fad Trophic of Death's triumphing Dart,
Confider, when this outward Tomb thu fees.

How rair a Man leaves here his earthly pairt ;
His Wildome and his Uprightnefs of Heart,

His Piety, his Pra<5fice in our State,
His pregnant Wit, well vers'd in every pairtf
As equally not all were in Debate.

Then

Vol. III. Lord Tiiirlftane and Chancellour of Scotland. £j!z

Then juftly hath his Death brought forth of late

A heavy Grief to Prince and Subjects all, tSA*^

Who Virtue love, and Vice do truly hate, wJ^VV

Tho vicious Men be joyful at his Fall :
But for hirafelf, moft happy doth he die,

Tho for his Prince it moft unhappy be.

J

The Catalogue of his Works.

O A NNIS Metellan'h Thirlftoni Domini, Scotia quondam
Cancellarii, Epigrammata LatinOy Del. Fo€$. Scot. Vol. ii. Far.
138. Am[t. i6y]. in ilmo.

Ooooo I THE

414 ^y^vii^-

-^ THE

LIFE of JAMES TATRE of the
Society of the Jefuites,

THIS Gentleman was born in the Year 1 543, of
an ancient Family in the Northern Parts of Scot-
land; when he arrived to a competent Ace, he
was fcnt to France by iiis Parents, wliere he was
brought up amongft the JejuiteSy and entered

H';; 7 Tb, into that Order in the Year 1565, being then in

j,fu,w. jj^.g ^Q YezT ot his Age, (a).

The firft Founder ot this Order was Jnnigo or Ignatius Loyola, who

An Account wcs bom in the Year 1 491, in the Province of Guipifcoa in Spain, (I;) :

•f'biiOidc. f^jj patiicr ;gartram Jnnigo Lord of Ognez. and Loyola, ancf his Mo-
ther Maria Sona, had hve Daughters and eight Sons, Ignatius was
the youngeft of all the Sons, he was brought up at the Court of
Ferdinand K\n2,oi Sp,i in, with ^ntonia Marinquez^an of the Gran-
dees of Spaing in his Youth he had a very martial Inclination; and
went to the Army where he behaved very valiantly at the Siege of
Pamhelona, for that City being befieged by the French in the Year
1 511 : Our Saint was one ot thofe who fignaliz'd himfelt mofl in
Defence ot the Place; and had his right Thigh broke with a Cannon
Bullet, and being taken Prifoner by tlie French, they fcnt him to
the Lordlhip of Loyola, where he fuffered very much under the ig-
norant Treatment ot his Chirurgeons, who having not fet his Thigh
Bone right, caufed them break it again : which they did by fawing
the Bone, and fetting it worfe than ever it was, during the Time
that he was lying in his Wounds, he read feveral Books of Piety
and Devotion, which made him form a Refolution of dedicating
himfelf intirely to the Service of God ; and upon his Recovery,
l^e made a Vow of a Pilgrimage to Monjerrat in Catalonia, in his
journey to Monferrat he met with a 'Moor, and faUing in convcrfe
•with him J the Moor mantained, that the Blcfled Virgin had carnal
Dealing with her Husband Jofeph, after our Saviour's Birth : This
Dilhonour done to the Bletled Virgin highly incenfed Ignatius, who
endeavoured to convince him of his Error, but the dpk/oor conti-
nuing ftill obftinate in his Opinion, they parted; but S. Ignatius
beginning to reflecft on the Horridnefs of the Propofition, that the
Moor had defended, he refolved to kill him for the Honour of the
BletTed Virgin ; and certainly S. Ignatius had kill'd him, had it not

been,

{,»), Bib. Soc. p«t B.ib. Alig«mb. 6cc. C*}, V.i du?in. Bib. KccUf. Tom. if Pig. 4'4-

Vol. III. of the Society of the JeCuices. ^i^

been that at the Parting of a Road, St. Ignatius s Mule took one
Way, and the Moor, another. a^V^
Coming near to Montjerrat, he put himfelf in DiTguife, "doath- ^^W
infT himfeu with a long woollen Robe like a Sack, a Cord about
his Middle, a long Pole in his Hand, and an earthen Pitcher at his
Side. Thus accoutred he came to No fire Dame de Mon\errat, and
after ConfcfTion and Receiving of the Sacrament, he contrived a
new Ceremony for confecrating himfelf to the Service of the Vir'j;in
Q^ary, by imitating the Severities of fome ancient Fat'.iers of tlie
Defert : He gave all his own Cloaths to a poor Man , and clothing
himfelf with his Sackcloth, girding his Loins with a Cord, a Staff
in his Hand, his Pitcher by his Side, one of his Feet bare, and the
odier covered with a Sandel of Ofietj he prefentcd himfelf in this
Equipage before the Altar of the Bleffed Virgin upon the 14th of
(^ar-ch, in the Year 1521, and continued in Prayer all that Night,
without Sleeping, fometimes Handing, fometimes kneeling : And
thus he enrolled himfelf in the facred Militia of the BlefTed Virgin.
After this, early in the Morning, he went on his Foot from Atont-
ferrat to Manrefa, where he remained for a whole Year amongft
the Poor ot the Hofpital, begging his Bread from Door to Door,
eating and drinking nothing but Bread and Water, chaflifing his
Body three times in the Day, lying on the Ground, and pia(5lif]ng
all manner of Severities. During this Time he was likewife attack a
with fevcral Temptations, all wliich he happily overcame ; as like-
wife, a lingring Sicknefs of which he \<'as cured: And 'tis believed,
that 'twas then that he compofed iiis Book of Spiritual Exerafes^
which he afterwards reviewed and publifhed at i?ow<r, in the Year
1 548. After tliis he rcfolvcd to make a Voyage to Jcrufalem, but
he would not undertake it till once he had received a Benedidf ion
from the Pope ; fo he went (Iraight from Manrefa to Rome, where
he received the Benedidlion of Pope aAdrian VI. And then em-
barked 2it Venice for feru(a[em, upon the 14th o( July 1515, and
arrived in the Holy Land upon the 4th of September the fame Year.
After he had vifited all the holy Places, and performed the ordi-
nary Devotions of Pilgrims, he returned to Venice, and from thence
he went to Barcelona ; and 'twas in this City and at this Time, he
began firfl: to fludy the L^r/>; Grammar, being then in the jjd
Year of his Age. 'Tis no hard Matter to conceive how difagreeable
it muft be to a Perfon arrived at that Age, to ftudy the Eleir.ents of
a Language ; yet he overcame it, and in tlie Space of two Years he
learned it to fuch Perfedlion, fhat he was fufficiently (juahfied for
learning thg Sciences: So he went to tiie Univerfity of jilcala^ in
th? Year 15K), where he performed his Courfe of Philofophy and
Theology, but with little Succefs; bccaufe (fay the Writers of his
Life (rf) he was too earrleft in his Purfuit of Knowledge, applying
himfeu at die fame time, without any Oi'def, to the Reading of the
Terms, as they call them, in Logic; the Writing o^ jilbertus Ma'
PPPPP g^^^i

it) Viit Vic dc Si. I{n»(lui pti If. Bib«r)k

All. 159;.
VVN/

416 LbeLifeof JAMES TAYRE, Vol Ul

anus tor rhilol'ophy J and the Maftcr of the Sentences, for Thco-
lo"y ; and licaring at the fame time a great Number of ProfefTors :
He was likcwife hindrcd in his Studies, not onl) by his Spiritual
Excrcifcs, by his Offices of Charity which he performed in the Ffo-
fpical that he lived in; but likcwifc, bccaufe he was obliged to beg
lor his Bread, and was much employed in inflrudting others.

Janatius all this Time liad but four Companions; oArriaga, Cn-
liflMS, Caz^erA, and a young Frenchman j who were all clothed as
he, in a brown woollen Habit, and all employed in the fame fpiri-
tual Exercifcs. The Noife of their extraordinary Way of Living
and of their Preaclung, coming to To/f.'/o, and the Inquifition ha-
vinfT traiifported themlelvcs from that City to cicala, they caufed
Informations to be drawn up and given in to them, concerning the
Conduifl ot Ignatitts and his Companions ; but not finding any diing
of 2,rcat Import againll them, they left a Commiffion with Joahn
Figheroa, Vicar to the Archbifhop of ToUJo, to finifh that Affair.
fifheroa went to rhe Domicil where Ignatius and his Companions
lived ; and having qucflioncd tlicm flridly upon their Method and
Manner of Living, difcliarged tlicm from wearing a differentH abic
from the rcfl of the Scholars. In the mean time, the Number of
thofc who came to hear Sz. Ignatius s Inflrudions augmented daily:
and the Vicar was informed, that a Widow and her Daughter, that
were under his Direiflion, had undertaken a long Pilgrimage bare-
footed; and altiio' 'twas not undertaken by Sulgnatius's Command,
yet it being informed that it was by his Advice, the Vicar caufed
impriCon our Saint. He was no fooner imprifoncd, than a great
Concourfe of People came ro hear him : After feven Days Impri-
fonment, the Vicar iiaving examined him, and told him theReafon
why he Iiad imprifoned him,. St. Ignatius declared folcmnly before
Cod, That he liad neither commanded nor counfelled them to
that Pilgrimage : And the Women, upon their Return, having de-
clared tlie fame, the Vicar pafTed Sentence ; by whicli he enjoined
him and his Companions, to cloath themfelves with the fame Ha-
bit with the odicr Scholars of the Univerfity, and to abflain from
fpeaking to the People concerning Matters ot Religion, till our Saint
had ftudied four Years longer Theology. Ignattus could not fub-
mit willingly to this laflPart of the Sentence, and therefor he rctk
red from yilcala to Salamanca ; where, for a long Time, he taught
and inflruded the People in divers Points of Morality.

The T>omimcans being highly offended thatPcrfons, as they faid,
without Letters, without Learning, or any Charader, fhould take.
upon them the Office of Apoflles ; they invited Ignatius and his
Companion Calijlus to a Conference in one of their Convents,
where they detained them Prifoners, and delivered them over to
the Hands of fome Officers j and by an Order from the Vicar o£
the Bifhop of Salamanca^ they were put in diflindt Prifons, and kept,
clofe Priioners, till the Vicar General examined Ignatius s'&ooV of
Spiritual Exercifes ; which being approven of, and levcral Queflions

ask-

Vol. III. of the Society of the Je/uites.

41?

asked at iiimfelf concerning the Myfleries of our Faith : To all
whicli he having given folid and ortiiodox Anfwers, the Sentence
pronounced a^ainH: him at Alcala was renewed ; and he was further
enjoined, for tour Years, to decide nothing concerning the different
Qualities of Sins.

Finding fuch Oppofition in S^ain, Ignatius refolved to leave it
and go to France, and accordingly he went all alone, upon Foot,
from Salamanca to Varis^ where he arrived in the Month of Febrvi-
ary 1518, with a firm Refolution to finifli his Studies there: And
to make fureWorkof it, he was not afhamed to enter himfclf, now
being in the 37th Year of his Age, amongft the Boys in the College
of Montague, where he again revifed his Grammar ; but bcin^ ex-
tremely poor, he was obliged to jiave recourfc to the Charity of
Strangers for his Subfiflance : At length, after havin^ ftudied his
Humanity for 18 Months in the College oi Mont ague, %g^ went and
finifhed the Courfe of his Philofophy at the College of St. Barbe.
But whilft he was ftudying'his Thilofophy, the Zeal that he had
for inflruding others, and prefcribing Pradiices of Devotion to
them, involved him in new Difficulties ; for he was brought before
the Inquifitor General oflrance, Matthew Ory, and accus'd of preach-
ing, and of diverting the Scholars from their ordinary Studies, by
the extraordinary and unufual Prafticcs of Devotion which hetau^^ht
them : By his dexterous and cunning Management, he got himfelf
free of all his Encumbrances, and fpoke to the Principal of the Col-
lege, oAnthony Govea, with fuch Wifdom and Humility, that the
Principal, in flead of punifliing him feverely, as was expecfted, he
fell down upon his Knees and begged him Pardon.

Notwithflanding of all thefe Difficulties that our Saint was in-
volved in, he finiflied the Courfe of his Philofophy, and afterwards
tliat of his Theology , and formed a Society of Ten Pcrfons, who
engaged tliemfelves to one another by a folemn Vow, which they
made in the Church of cPldontmatre, the 1 5th of Augufi 1 524.
Thefe firfl Companions of St. Ignatius were, Peter Faur, of the Di-
occfs of Geneva; B-ancis Xavier, of Navarre; James Lainez,, of
Sagunta; j^lphonfus Salmeron, o( Toledo-, Nicolas BobadiUa, o( Pa-
lent^a j Simon Roderick, a Portuguefe : And fome Time after them,
Claud Jay^ John Codurio and Fafquier 'Broet, of Embrun. Tiie
Vow that they made in the Church of Montmatre, after Confcffion
and Communion, was, That after they had accomplifhed thqir
Courfe of Theology, they fhould renounce the World, to live in
Poverty, and for labouring to the Glory of God and tli£ Good qf
Souls: And Laflly, That they fhould go and pret^ch ilie Gofpel to
tlie Infidels ; and fhat in cafe they could not put their Refolution in
Execution, tiiey fhouW prefent thepnfclv^^ to the Pope, and offer
their Service ,tp hjrp, without any Rcflri^ion, in every Thino^ lie
(houUJ be plcafed to employ the^i in. They renewed this ?^ow
tvke. after, in the fame J^hocvidpn the f^nc Diy of the Yean

P p p p p 1 Igna-

Ao. I 597.

4i8 The Ujeof JAMES TAYRE, Vo'- HI-

hnatms having accomplifhed his Theology, was received Mafldr
/%*A-/-^ of Arts in the Year 1531. Alter this, having fallen fick, by the Ad-
vj^v^ vice o( his Phyficians he went to his native Country for the Rcncfit
of the Air, in the Montli o{ November J 55 5' Not long after, lie
found that Four of his Companions had talccn a quite different
Courfeot Life from what tiiey had vowed : FoiCalipus had become
a ricli Merchant by his Trading to the Indies; Caz^era, in fleaJ
of Renouncing, was living in the Affluence and Abundance of the
World ; y^rtuign was become a Bifhop, and the young Frenchman^
a Monk : Yet this was no Difcouragcment to St. IgnatinSy who funi-
moncd all of them to meet \\\mdii Venice) which they accordingly
did in the Beginning of the Year 1537.

They co.mc in the Habits of Pilgrims, each of them having a
Knaplack upon his Back, in which was their Bible and their Bre-
viary, and their Rofiuv about their Necks ; being arrived at Venice,
and having conferred together, they made a Vow to go all of
them to Jeriifalem in Pilgrimage ; but it was thought ex'pedienr,
firft to obtain the Pope's Permiilion and Benedidfion, fo away to
Rome they trooped next, all of them, excepting S. Ignatius who re-
mained at Venice, to prepaie Neceffaries for the Voyage, having
eafily obtained their Defire from the Pope, they returned to Venice,
in order to imbark there ; but the War breaking out betwixt the
Turks and the Venetians^ they could not find any Occafion of go-
ine, for the Levant; whereupon they went thro' all the Venetian
Territories, pieachinf^ wherever they came: And having by Ap-
pointment met at Vicenz^a, Ignatius, Larces and Salmeron, were fent
Deputies troin the refl to the Pope, with the Offer of their Service,
all of them being tiien entrcd into the Prieflhood. As they were
on their Journey to Rome, St. Ignatius had a Vifion; in which he
thou5ht he faw GOD the Father recommending him to his Sonj
and 7 E oVS, who had his Crofs carrying over his Shoulder, up-
on this Recommendation, turned towards St. Ignatius, and faid to
him, / ivi// be favourable to you when you come to Rome. The refl
of them followed not long after j and the Whole of them were pre-
fcnt at Rome in the Year 1538. Durin^ their Stay at Rome, they
were accufed of feveral Enormities to the Governour; but upon a
ftricft Examination, he found them all Calumnies, and acquit them
by a legal Sentence. Upon this Ignatius^ Followers increafed dai-
ly, which encouraged him in his Defign of forming his Society ;
and after feveral Meetings and Confultations, they thought it pro-
per to add to the three ordinary Vows, of Chaflity, Poverty and
Obedience, a Vow of Goin^ to preach the Gofpel to the Infidels,
or to any Country where the Pope fhould command them to go.
The Pope, to try them, demanded fome of their Society ; and tlic
King of Portugal required, that fome of them might be fent to the
Indies to preacli the Gofpel there : And St. Ignatius made choice of
Roderick and Xaverius; who were fent to the Indies, where tlicy
converted many Thoufands of Souls. At length Ignatius propofed

to

I ,1 - — _^ — ^_.

Vol. III. of the Society of the jefuites.

^19

to Pope Faul \\\. then refiding at Trivoli, the Approbation oF his
new Society; and the Pope recommended it to aCoUe^e ol: Cardi- f^<*^^«-^
nals : At flrft it met with great Oppoficion, efpeciallv honi Cardi- ^''v^
na\ Gitcdici, who urged, Tiiat the Numbers oF lleli^ious Orders
Averc too much increafed already; but. at laft thcv approved ot it.
And Pope Paul III caufed expede a Bull, upon the 17th oi Septem-
ber 1540, by wliicli he approved of the Inllitution ot that Society
under the Name of The Society of J E SVS; providnig always,
that their Number fhould not exceed Sixty : But by a fccond Bull,
of the 14th of cy^Iarch £545. ''^ S*^^ *^'^^''" i^»bcrty to admit as
many as they pleafed, with a Liberty of adding to their former Con-
ftitutions, what particular Conftitutions they plealed, and to change
them as they pleafed.

Stc Ignatius was created (General of this new Order, in the Time
df Lent, in the Year 1541 : And he obtained from Pope Paul Hi
many Privileges, and amongft the reft, that ot having Spiritual and
Temporal Coadjutors, that Ihould be only bound to'the three fim-
ple Vows of Poverty, Chaftity and Obedience. Pope JuIih^ III
confirmed their Conflitution, by a Bull dated the 11 of fuly 15 50;
and their Privileges by another, dated the 2.1 of Oclober 1552.

This Society was no fooner eftablifhed by the Pope, but tliey
fpread through the whole World: Roderick and Xd%)eriHs, as we
have faid, had the Indies for their Province 5' Exber had Gerrn.iny
for his Sliarc ; oAraoeZj went to Sp.iin; LanieZj-, Pafquier and Boba-
dtlia, liad Italy for their Province: y£qt4ia was fent, with fome
young Companions, for France, Sdlmeron and Pafquier\]ad Britain
and Ireland; and not lon^ afrer Ignatius Deatli, which, happened
upon the laft Day of JmJj 1555, there were feverals of them fcnc
to America : And it is a mofl: (urpnfing Tiling to confider in how
fhort a Time they multiplied, for in the Year 1 545, they were but
in all 88 ; in I5'45 they had 10 Religious Houfes; in 1549, they liad
2 Provinces, one in Spain, and another in Portugd, and 12. Houfes i
in 1556, after the Death oi Ignatius, they had 11 great Provinces;
in the Year 1688, they had 19 Provinces, 1 Vice-Provinces, it
Houfes of Profeffion, 19^ Colleges, 33 Houfes of Probation, 9_J
Houfes of Refiddnce, in other Parts, and 10581 /c/«/>«: And in
the Catalogue ol- tlieir Society printed ?.t Rome in 1679, ^'^^X ^^^^
2$ Provinces, 1 Vice-Provinces, 33 Houfes of ProfeHion, 578 Col-
legcsy 48 Houfes of Probation, 88 Seminaries, 1 60 Houfes ofRefi-
clence,'iO(5 Miflions, and 17655 Jefuites,o{ which 7870 were Pricfls.

Our Author was no fooner entred into this Order, but he
was firft appointed to teach Philofophy, and afterwards Theology,' He ;> mw.
which he did for feveral Years with great Applaufe, amongfl them. PMoVophr"
His Brother bc'ng ona of thofe w'.io embraced the Reformation in gy* ^''"'°'
Scotlmdy our Author thought himfelf bound in Duty to endea-
vour Ills Rcuu(5lion to the Rotnijh Church) and for that End wrote
a Letter to him, wliich he caufed print at Paris in the Year 1568,
in tliii Letter he endeavours, from ali the common Topicks, made

Q, q q q q ufe

^p The Life of JAMES TAYRE, Vol. llf.

ule of by the Writers of that Church, to vindicate the Church

r^y"-^ of Rome, and to cxpofc the Reformation; and it had fuch Succefs,

C^-sr^' that many, upon the Reading of it, returned again to the Rornilh

An Arcount Church, which made Mr. Knox write an Anfwer to him; and in the

ofhiswoiki. y^^j. i^y^, our Author wrote a Reply to Mr. Knox. Bcfidcs thcfc

Books, 1)empjlcr tells us, that our Author wrote a Book upontho

Antiquity ot the Scots Church, which Anthony PofsevtrtU^s mfcncd

in his Bibliotheck. In this Book our Author gives an Account of

our Kinc; DO N ALUs'' Conveifion to the Chriftian RcHgiori

and of t'^lic firll Settlement of the Chriflian Religion amonglt Us.

Vempflcr likewifc makes mention of a Commentary of his" upon

all yinjJotles Works, extant in MJs. in fome Library at Paris, and

another Comnieiitary, uiiicli he heard was publilhed upon the

Scholaftick Writings of S. Thomas.

Claudius Q/[anavi'va being cliofen General of the Order in the
He;. m.deYear 1581, our Author was chofen his Coadjutor-Adiftcr for Ger-.
cadjutoreo J France; and fince the Society was blamed for their in-

t)fthe Order. |.g^^j^j,^,T tliemfelves too mucU in State Affairs, and upon that Ac-
count ^uxtiled as the Fomcnters of Rebellion and. Seditiot> where-
prudent' Ad. gyj.,. (|,ey came; our Author advifed the General to call an univer-
""""'"'"■ /:^1 Convocation of the Order, and to difcharge them from med-
lin" in Stace-aflairs ; whicli was accordingly done : And they iiaving
me^ at Rome in the Year 1 593, the following Decree was made up-
on the 4th of A/bw/z^/^fr (^

Vt ab omni (pecie malt abfttneatur, (5 qmrehs ettam ex falps /«-
fpici'onihm pro^oenientihus, pr^cipitur nojlrts omnibm, in 'virtute Jan^
ft£ ok(lienti.<, &" /«^ P^^^ inhabilitatis ad qm-vis ojficia ^ dignita-
tes, feu prAlationes, njoctfque tarn adti-va cfuam pafsivx, privationes ;
ne \m{piam puhlxcis CT fecularit:m Principum negotiis, ulla rations
fe immifcere ; nee etiam, quantum'vis per quofcunque requifttus aut ro-
Pntus, ejufmodt res tradlandi curam Jujcipere, audeat njel pr^fumat.
Jdme (erio commendatur Superiorihu^, ne permittant nofiros-iis reins
uUo modo implicari ; ^ ft qtios ad ea propenjos Animadwrtent, eos loco
mutandos quamprimum commutent, ft alicubi ft occafoy wl pericu-
lumje ejufmodt impHcatiombus irretiendi.

That is to fay,

<To the end that we m4j abflain from all that may appear evil, and
that we may obviate, as much as is pofsible^aH Complaints or falje Sul-
picions that may arife againfl us; We commend to all our Soctety, by
virtue of their holy Obedience, and under the ^Penalty of their being
declard uncapable of all Offices, Dignities or Superiorities, oroflofng
their Votes or Suffrages, either adive or pafsive, That none frefumCy
in any manner whatfomever, or at the Defre or Req»ef of others, to
wedle zvith the puhlick Negotiations of Secular Princes. And we firia^
ty enjoin and recommend to all Superiors, that they permit none of the
Society to involve themjdves, an) manner of Way, in fuc.'t Apirs ;
"^ ' and

C4) U Uiechif. do Jdu.K., Lib. 3. r. ;44. A ViUe f rancht, i«o». i« Sv».

45 1

An. 1597>

vv *-

Vol. III. of the Society of the Jefuites.

md if they find any of them inclined that way, that they immediatd^t
tranfport them to feme Other Country, if thy fee that there is Realon,
or Danger of their bein£ entangled in fuch ^ijficvdties.

And it had been bappy for tlieu- Society and all Cliiidendomi
that they had ftiicflly obferved this Decree: But as for Qur Author'
I find nothing laid to his Charge, having behaved himfelf wifely
and prudently during all the Time of Iiis Management ; and died "''P«'""
with the Reputation of Sandlity amongft them, upon the zoth Day ''^*"'*'^"-
of cPWiW;, 1597. '" ^'^^ ^3^ ^^^^ of his Age.

Ribadeneira, in liis Catalogue of the V/ritersof the Society of the
Jefuites, fays, (a) That our Author was a PerCon of great Wifdom
and Prudence, and well fcen in Philofophy and Theokx^y. Jaco-
bus Tyrius (fays hej natione Scotusj ingreffus in Societatem circa an*
num 1565, cum ageret 10 Atatis, prAflantem invirum, ^ Japientia
ac prudentia clarum evaftt ; Philofophiam ac Theologiam cum laudi
docuit, noflrorum^ue fiudia moderatus efi. Prafuit fociis non femel\
ac demum Claudio prApofito Generali, pojl Paulum Hoffacum ^Isi-
flens pro Germania ^ Gallia /«/>, donee obiit Romx, die 'vicefmo
Martii, <*Anno 1579.

"Dempfter fays (b), That he was well feen in the Greek and La-^
tin ; a moft acute Philofopher, and a mod folid Divine ; and tliat
no JVIan contributed more to the augmenting of true Piety and the
oppofing of the Reformation, than he did. Jacobus Tyrius (fays
he) Gra;ce Latineque dodifsimtu, Philofophus xcutifsmius, Thcolo-
gus gravifsimus; tn focietatem Jefu affurjptus, docendo ^ fcribenda
plurtmum contulit ; tncrementi njer^ ptetatis, ^ h&refis exttrpattoni
adeo indefejfo labore incubuit, ut nuUi plus Ecclefia Scotica puam ei
debuit. Obiit Phoenix il/e religioforumjandlifsima vita Romx, ordi-'
nisfui Jf si (lens (ut loquuntiir) Anno 1592. [He ihould have laid

George Cori, in Iiis Book, Of the two-fold State of Religion amongft
the Scots, fays {c), That he was well skill'd in all the Sciences ; Tnac
he gave a deadly Blow to the Protcftant Religion in his Book to
his Brother. That he lived and died in the Reputation of great
Holinefs ; and that he left behind him, in the Roman CoUeL'e, fe-
veral Monuments of his Engine worthy of Eternity, which were ne-*
ver publiftied. His Words are.

Jacobus Tyrius, omnium divinarum atque humanarum fcientia pe-
ritus, Jcripto ad f rat rem libeUo, grave h^refi bellum indtxit ; ajuis
etiameUttus, ut generali ordinis prxpofito, in Societatis moderations
adftjleret. Qjtp in munere it a vixit, ut non fine- maxima f and it atis
optnione Romx fit mortuus ; relief is in Romano Collegia, aignis /eter-
nitate irtgenii monumentis^ qu* nimis diu public* utUitati debenture

Q.q q q q i The

(«) Rib. JtnCji. Script Soc. J.C L»t«Juii».i«o9. In ITO. (0 Lib< 19. P.(t<. George Co* d» DbpI. Sut. 11,1,.
tf\ti ocoloi, Li>i *. r. Ivli 1

4?'

Jl^e Ltjeof j^MlLS T A Y R E, Vol, III.

^.^/^ The Catalogue of his Works.

I. A Letter from ^^wf/ Tayre to his Brother in Scotland, Pari-
j\, fits, 1 568. tn 8i;o.

II. The Refutation of an Anfwer made be Schir John Knox, to an

Letter fent be Jawes Tayre to his umquhile Brother : Set forth
be "/arnes Tayre, Tari/iis, apud Thomam JSrumenium, in cUu-
fo Brnnello, Jd Jigno OliVA. 1575. ^" ^'^''•

IJL De yintiquitate Eccleft& Scoticac, mod AnthoniusPoflevinus/w^
BihUotheCy Ltb. 16. Cap 5. inferait.

IV. In omnia Ariftotehs opera Comment ar, Mfs. Pari fits*

V. Jn omnia T>- Thomae Scholajlica.

THE

Vol. III.

4;i

THE ,^j-'^^

LIFEofMr. ROBE RT ROLLOC I{

Principal of the College of Edinburgh.

THIS Gentleman was Son to 'David Rollock of Hii bjio.:
Too-Houfe, hard by Stirlmg; he was born in iT^'.'Z!'
1555, and taught his Grammar under one Mr.
Tljornas Buchanan, who was at that Time one
of tlie moft famous Grammarians in Scotland 5 and
he was taught his Philofophy at tlic Univerfity of
St. Andrews (a) ; where he made fuch a wonderful Progrefs in his
Studies, that he no fooner received the Degree of Maftcr of Arts, than
he was cliofeii to be ProfefTor of Philofophy in S. Sahators College, He is mn
where he himfelf had fludicd, he taught Philofophy at St. Andrews JvMotph,'^
till the Year 158?. Not long before this, to wit, in the Year 15885 w/'*
the Magiftrats of the City of Edinburgh, having addreffed King
•James the VI. for the Liberty of Eredting an Univerfity, he gran-
ted them a Charter, under the Great Seal, allowing them the full
Liberty, and Privilege of an Univerfity within their Town ; and
the Foundation being perfedled in the Year 1581, they made
choice of our Author, to be their Principal and ProfefTor of Divi- plMJ.T'^^^f
nity; but, when he entred into Orders, and by whom he was or-^;;',^*
dain'd, neither the Author of his Lifer^tior any of our Hiflorians
vcive an Account of: But he became vd'ry Famous for his Lcdi:ures
in Divinity, and for the great Talent he had in preaching ; and
Calderwood tells us (b), That he and Mr. Mert Bruce, in the 158Q,
made the Earl of Bothwel fo fenfible of his finful and virions Lif^,
that upon the 9th of November, he humbled himfelf upon his
Knees, in the Forenoon, in the Eafl Church, and in the High Church,
in the Afternoon ; and with Tears in his Eyes, ' confefled before
the People his diffolute and licentious Life; and promifcd to
prove another Man in time to come. And in the Year 1595, he
was one of thofe that was nominat by the States of Parliament, for
conferring with the' Pofifh Lords ; for he was remarkable for his
Zeal aeainl^ Popery } 1 and the next Year, he was one of thofe who g.l'^^^J;;
were appointed by the Alfembly met at Edinburgh, in the Month
oicMay, to prcfent a Paper to his Majcfly, intituled, The Dangersi
whtch through the Impunity of the excommunicated Papifts, Traff'eck-
ers with the Spaniards and other Enemies oj the Religion and Eftatei
(ire imminent to the true Religion profejfed within this Realm,his Mt^
icflys Perjon, Crown and Liberty of this our native Counnry. In ^ ^^ .^ ^^^
-the Year 1595. he was nominated one of the CoramilTioners for ^«^a .h.
t\\Q Vifitation of Colleges, being impowered to meet on the iirft J-^^um^^fr
Day of January 1590, and to try and confider the Dodttinc* Life \..i.

^;, VicaH. Kol. taiob* 1)99 !■ liino. U). Ad An«

^ The Life of Mr. ROBERT ROLLOCK, Vol. Iff.

and Diligence of the Mafters of the Colleges, the Dirdpline and
/s^N^^ Order uled by them, the Eftate of their Rents and Living, and lo-
t^v'C make their Report to the next Affcmbly. In the Year 15^5, a Con-
trovcrfy arifine betwixt the Minifters and the Kine, upon the Ac-
count of the fadtious Behaviour of Mr. David Black Miniftcr of
St. u4ndrtws; our Author was chofen, upon the Account o( his
Moderation, with fome others, to foften the King's Refentnicnrs of
their Behaviour towards him, and to endeavour to turn hi's Wrath
againft the Papijts; yet notwitftanding of his being cftconied one
of the moft moderate Men amongft them, yet he dipt too much m
the Cafe of Mr. "Black; and in Concurring with the Red ot ti.e
fadious Minifters, till it plcafcd God to open his Eyes, and let
him fee the Wickednefs and Folly of thefe Ways; and ntnwJthltaii-
ding, that he preach'd and taught Divinity all this lime* ycc .\//c-
tijwood afTures us (a), That he was not as yet in Holy Ord.r'.. tho'
NojJ'.^.*'* they made choice of him to be the Moderator of an Aflembly that
S\A&X met at Dundee in the Month of e^ay 1 597.

In this Adembly, the firft Thing done was an Exhortation or Set-
•Mht/2--'"' mon, made by Mr. Rol^ert Pont, the Moderator to the lall AiIlih.
fcmbiy. ^\y . xlien Mr. Thomas Nicelfon was chofcn Clerk j and an Order
pafs'd, That at the Penning of every A(fl there (hould be Tome Bre-<
thren prefent with the Clerk. Then they made choice of (ji:r Au-
thor for their Moderator. And thefe were the Proceedings of t!ic
firft three ScfTions. The 4th and 5th Seflions were taken up in Con-
ferences about fome former Aftemblies. In the 6th Seilion, the
Minifters that were appointed to confer with the Earls ot Htititly^
^ngussLnd Errol, who had been excommunicated, made a Ivcporc
of dieir Diligence to the AfTemblyj and produc'd a humble iiup-
plication to the Aflembly, fubfcribed by them, under tiieir own
Hands, requeftine that they would receive them again into the Bo-
fom of the Church, upon their giving Satisfaction; which was ac-
cepted ot : And the fame Commiftioners were appointed to meet
at a certain Time, to abfolve them from the Sentence of Excom-
munication, they giving due Satisfadion according to their Pro-
iTiife. In the yih Seftion, there were feveral Queftions proponed ;
and the following Anfwers given to them : Firft, They approved
of the General Aflembly at Perth^ held in the Month of February
1596. And Mr, Petrie fays, That one of the Reafons moving
the Brethren to acknowledge the Lawfulnefs of that Affembly, was
founded upon this, That the Commiflioners of the Church had a-
greed with his Majefty therein, idly. His Majefty having craved,
that before the Conclufion of any weighty Matter his Highnefss
Advice and Approbation fliould be had thereto ; the Aflembly find-
ing that his Majefty was a moft religious Prince, and that his de-
clar'd Will and Intention was, to frame his Laws and whole Go-
vernment according to the eftablifh'd Religion of the Land and the
Word of God, they agreed to his Majefty's Defirc 3dly. It being

re-

(*)5 3- ?*B«3J>-.

Vol. III. Trincipal of the College of Edinburgh. 43 j

required, that no Man's Name fhould be expreffed in the Tulpit,
unlcfs it be for notorious Crimes ; the Anembly agreed to it, but j^J"^
they explained tliefe Things to be notorious, which could not be ^-'V^*
concealed by any Tergiverfation. 4thly. It being required, that
no Convention of Minifters fhould be without his Maiefty's Con-
lent ; 'twas declared to be extended, to all and to wliatfoever Form
ol General AlTemblies, or leflcr Aflemblies, permitted and autho-
rized by his Law, and as they have Warrant in tlie Word of God ;
as being the moft authentick Form of Confent that any Kin<T can
give. 5thly. It being required, that Paflors fhould be provided
to Burghs; they declare. That whereas his Majefty was content, and
promifed, that where the General Affembly findeth it neceffary to
place any Perfon or Perfons in any of the laid Towns, his Majefty
and the Flock fhall either give their Confent thereunto, or a lufh-
cient Reafon of their Refufal, to be proponed either to the whole
Affembly, or to a competent Number of the Commiflioners there-
of, as his Majefly fhall think expedient, dthly. As to the Ordina-
tion of Minifters, the Affembly ordained, That there fhould be an.
Uniformity in the Ordination of Minifters throughout the Country,
by Impofition of Hands; and that they be admitted to certain
Flocks, upon the which the) fhall be aftridled to attend, accord-
ing to A<5ts of Aflemblies made before: And ordains, That noix
who is not admitted to the Miniftry, be permitted to teach in pub-
lick or great Places, except, upon very urgent Neceflity, in defect of
adual Minifters, they be ordained to fupply fuch Wants by the
Presbyteries, Provincial or General Affembles, who fhall take dili-
gent Order to keep themfelves within the Bounds of his Gift, e-
Ipecially in Application, ythly, They order, that no Paftor cxerce
any Jurifdidlion, either in making Conftitutions or leading Pro-
ccfTes, without Advice and Concurrence of Seffion, Presbytery, Pro-
vincical or General Affembly. 8thly, That all Seftions be elecfted
with Confent of their own Congregation, pthly, That all Sefti-
ons, Prsbyteries, and Provincials ufe fuch Form in all their ProcefTcs
as may be found Lawful and Formal, and able to abide Trial, the
which fhall be regiftrated in Matters of Importance ; and for that
Etfed, they ordained the Proceedings of private Seftions, to be
viewed by the PresbytrieS; the Presbytries, by the Synods ; and tJie
Synods, by the General AfTemblies. iothly,Thatin the Exercife, when
the Minifters are conveened at their Presbyteries,no Application fhall
be ufed. iithly, That in the Determination of Matters of Impor-
tance, where tjie Votes fhall be different by i or j only, nothing
fhall be concluded till they come to a better Refolution ; and thac
in tliis Cafe, they wlio fuflain the Negative muft give rationcm n'c-
aandi., the Reafon for their diftenting. ilthly, The Presbyteries
fhall meddle with nothing in their Judicatory, which ftiall not be
found, without Controverfy, proper to tlie Ecclefiaftical Judgment,
and that in this, an Uniformity is to be kept thro' all the Nation,
/jthly. That all Proccffe* andMs be extradled unto all Parties,

R. r r r r z having

^6 n^c Life of c^Mr.KOBhKT ROLLOCK. Vol. Iff.

havin" Intcrcft, where there is a written Proccfs. I4thly, They
r*^^ bein/ required to give their Judgement concerning fummary
>^V^ Excommunication, they delayed it to the next AfTcmbly ; but
in the Mean-time they fufpendcd all fummary Hxcommunica-
tion; but they ordered, that in great Crimes, a publick Intimation
fKould be made, and that thofe that were guilty of them fhould be
fufpendcd rt/^cr/^, and prohibited ^ /'r/t;rt/o convUiu. h\\(\, Lafi-
/y, If anv Presbytery Diall be defired by a miftive Letter from his
Maicftv,' to put a Stop to their Proceeding in any Thing that may
feem prejudicial to the Civil Jurifdi(5tion, or private Mens Right,
they ordered, that in that Cafe the Presbytery fhould defifl, until
they fatisfied his M.ijcfly. In the 9th Sefhon, the King being pre-
fcnt, and having in a Speech reprefented to them the many Things,
that he earncflly wilhed might be redrefted in the Church, whicli
could, not at this Time be conveniently done, wherefore he moved,
that a "cncral Commiflion fhould be given to fome of the Bre-
thren, to confer with him about thefe Matters, which they agreed
to: And 14 Miniftcrs were named to concur with his Majefty, or
any 7 of them in making fuch Overtures, as they fhould think mofl
proper for the Good of the Church. The Presbytery of St. An-
drews, having excommunicated one John Rutherfoord, and his Cafe
beinf» broufrht before the Aflembly, it was -referred to the above-
named ConimilTioners; as likewife the Petition of James Wood of
'Bonnington, requiring a Conference in Matter of Religion, betwixt
him and his Father, that lie m.ight be abfolvcd from the Sentence
of Excommunication: After this they rofc, and the next Affembly
was appointed to meet at Stirling, upon the firfl Tnejday of May
1 508. ' In the 8 SefTlon of this Alfembly, it was ordained. That no
Reader minifler the Sacrament of Baptifm, or prefume to celebrat
the Banns of Marriage, without fpecial Command of the Minifter
of the Kirk, and if there be no Minifler, of the Presbytery of the
Bounds. And that this A(ft fhould be intimated at every Parifh
Kirk, that none might pretend Ignorance.

Our Author was one of the 14 Minift:ers,that was appointed by
polltea CM tliis Affembly to take Care of the Affairs of the Church j and the
miflion.'iX"' f^rfl: Thing that they did, was to procure an A(5l of Parliament for
ihe''Afta?»of Prelates voting in Parliament. The Tenor whereof, is as follows (a),

the Chuish.

^Ur Sovereign Lord, and his Highnefs's Eflates in Parliament,
havinfT fpecial Confideration, and Regard of the great Pri-
vileges and Immunities, granted by his Highnefs's PredecefTors, of

• moft worthy Memory, to the Holy Kirk within this Realm, and to
' the fpecial Perfons exercing the Offices, , Titles and Dignities of
' Prelacies within the fame, which Perfons have ever reprefented

• one of the Eftates of this Realm in all Conventions of the faid
' Eflates, and that the faid Privileges, and Freedoms have been

• from Time to Time renewed, and conferred in the fame Integri-

^ 'jy_

(«), Vid: Ctld. Hilt, l-iie 412.

o

Vol. in. Principal of the College oj Edinburgh. ^j-

ty and Condition, vlfhereirt they were at any Tlrtie before} Co that
his Majcfty ack-nowledging the fame now to be fallen, and come 'J^f^
under his Majefty's mod favourable Proteiflion ^ therefore his Ma- v>vO
iefty, of his great Zeal and finc^ular Affedlion, which he always
hath to the Advancement of the true ReDgion, prefently profeffed
within this Realm, with Advice and Confent of his Highnefs's E-
ftates, ftatutes, decerns and declares, That the Kirk within this Re-
alm, wherein tlie fame Religion is pfofeffed, is tiie True and Holy
Kirk ; and that fuch Paftors and Minifters within the fame, as ac
any Time his Majcfty fhall pleafe to provide to the Office, Place,
Title, and Di^^nity of a Bilhop, Abbot or other Prelate, (hall it any
Time hereafter have Vote in Parliament, ficklike and as freely as
any other Ecclefiaftical Prelate had any Time bygoi\e. And alfo
declares, That all and whatfomever Bifhopricks, prefently vaking in
his Majcfty's Hands, which arc yet undifponeJ* to anv Perfon, oc
which (hall happen at a:ny time hereafter to vake, fhall be only dif-
ponedbyhisMajcfty, to adual Preachers and Miniftersin the Kirk,
or to fuch other Perfons, as fliall be found apt, and qualified to
exercife the Office and Fundtion ot a Miniftcr and Preacher; and
who, in their Provifions to the faid Bifhopricks, fhall accept in
and upon them to be a(5lual Paftors and Mmiftcrs, and according
thereto, fhall pradife and exerce the fame thereafter.
♦ Itemy As concerning the Office of the faid Perfons to be pro^
vided to the faid Bifhopricks, in their Spiritual^ Policy and Go-
vernment in the Kirk; the Eftates of Parliament have remitted,
and remit the fame to the King's Majefty, to be advifed, conful-
ted and a^^reed upon by his Highnefs, with the General Affembly
of the Minifters, at fuch Times as his Majefty fhall tliink Expedi-
ent to treat with them thereupon ; without Prejudice always, in
the mean, time, of the Jurifdiaion and Difcipline of the Kirk,
eftablifhed by Ads of Parliament made in any Time pteceeding,
and permitted by the faid Acfts to all General and Provincial Af-
femblics, and others whatfoevcr, Presbyteries and Scflions of the

After the Commiffioners of the General AfTcmbly had obtained
this Aa to pafs in the Church's Favours, they prevailed with the
King to appoint an AlTembly to be held in ^arch ; and our Au-
thor was appointed to acquaint all the Presbyteries of the Kingdom
of it, whicli he did by the following CircuUr Letter.

Grace and Peace from GOD, the Father
of our Lord Jeftis Chrijl.

BEloved Brethren, Js wt have found Continuance of c^erp, *rt ^Uisan^^
pacing the Defolation which was already begun^ according to j^«.^p«*r^
many Threat mngs, againfi the Contempt of this Land ; jo we'C^"
fee. thro' Lack of due Con/fderation and Brefight in fuch as princt-

"^ Sffff p<^^b

458 The Life of Mr. ROBERT ROLLOCK, Vol. Hf.

pally fhonld ha-ve the wojl tender Car'e of this Work, and partly thro
f^'^^ the (liltile Ways of dijjembling Iriends, good Occafions are likely to be
t^V^ turned to our Hurt, unlejs Remedy be wifely provided in Time : For
this Caufe, we have thought it needful, and by Conjent of his (^Ma-
iejly, concluded, Tljat the General J\jembly which was ordained to
be in May, fhould hold the fir fl Tuefday of March next at DimcJec;
for preventing of Jnconveniencies that Delay of Time might drazv to
further Evil, and for taking folid Re(olutions in fuch Things as are
necejjary to be deliberated upon concerning the Kirk's Vote in Parlia^
went, and fome other necejjary Points : Whereanent, for your better
Information, we have thought expedient to acquaint you with the Ef-
fect of our Travails here at this Time, according as it has been the
continual Cuflom of the Kirk, at Parliaments, to crave jucb Things
as were found necejjary to pafs in Law for their Well and Privileges ;
jo, with the d/^dvke of divers Commifsioners of Presbyteries, we find
it requifite to infijl in fuch Articles as have been craved by theKirk
at Parliaments m Times pafi ; and namely, we urged the Article a-
nent the Kirk's Vote in Parliament, and the aydrticle anent the uni-
verjal Provifion of the whole Kirks with Stipends: In both ive find
great Oppofition by the far greate^ Part of the Lords; but the King s
Mxjejly convey d our Suit with fuch Wifdom and T)exterity in our
Favours, that in end, after many hard Reajonings, his Majeffy pro-
cured, that he mi^ht difpone the whole great 'Benefices to Miniflers, and
that fuch Miniflers as fijould be admitted thereto, fhould have Vote ;
luithout Prejudice always to the prefent Difcipline and Jurijdiilion
of Kirk in any Part; as ye will under ft and by the A6t it \elf, whereof
zve have jent you here a Copy ; which his Majefty thinks fhafi be a
(^ea^, m fhort time, to vindicate the Mmiftry from their prefent
Contempt and Poverty : And this is already perceived, to their Grief.,
by many who fear their Hurt in our Credit. For this Caufe, we have
been earneftly recfuefted by fundry of the luijeft of all Eftates, who
rnoft favour the good Caufe, that without Scruple zve fkould accept
this good Occafion : The which Point of prefent Acceptation was «r-
ged by the Lords fo ftraitly, that unlejs we would prefent ly give our
Conjent thereto, in name of the Kirk, they would not fuffer the fore-
faid Aff to pafi in our Favours j yet his Majefty was fo favourable
towards us, and fo careful to fave our Credit and efchew Offence.,
that by his Mofen all is rejervd free to this oAjjembly for our Part.
Therefore we befeech you. Brethren, to have regard hereof loith fuch
Wtfdom and Care as is necejjary in a Matter of fo great Importance,
and jend, in Commifsion to the faid Ajembly, the rnoft wife, grave,
and of be ft Credit and Experience among you, jo far as Infirmity and
Age may fufter, that good Occafion may be ufed at this Time, as
that the Good may be taken without any Hurt, fo far as it is pojsible.
Anent the Plate, and Trovtfions of Stipends, at every Kirk Commif-
fion is given to a Number of Lords and Mmiftcrs, who are to ejjay
that. Work with all Diligence, and to crave your further Help in the
hjormation anent the Eftate of the Kirks ; wh'hh therefore you fhafi

take

sne of tb«
Counfellora

Vol.111. TriMcipal of the College of . 'Edinhutgh. ^^g

i^ke pains to have in Readinefs, as ye (hall be required, upon the next
^d'vertijcment. Hoe Lord direct you in all Sincerity and Wifdon?^ rsAu^
that you way find a Blefsing upon your Labours always, from £din- nJ\^
burgh, the lid Day of Dccembciy 1597.

Tour "Brethren and Fellow-labourer Sy the Commijsioners of the
General oJJfembly, and in their Name and Comwandy

e^r. ROBERT ROLLOCK.

Moderator of the General Affembly.

Not long after this, the King finding the Affairs of the New Col-
lege at St. Andrews in great Diforder ; for the better husbanding ^„.,..„„„
ot the Rents, as well in that as in the otiier Colleges, 'twas ordain- ^^■■f^'^'-
ed, Tiiat there fhould be a Council chofen to the Univerfity, which "^'ypfsu
Ihould have Power to eledl an OEconomtu in every College, for up- *^''*'
lifting the Rents, and taking care to fee all Things rightly admi-
niftred. And our Author was appointed to be one of the Coun-
fellors: And without the Confent and Subfcriptions of theCeCoun-
fellors, it was not lawful for tliem to fet any Leafe, or make other
Difpofitioh whatfoever of any Part of the Rents.

And left they (hould be impeded by any other Employment ; \t
was concluded, That all tlie Dodlors, ProfefTors and Regents, noc
being Paftors in the Churcli, fhould be exempt from the keeping
of Seffions, Presbyteries, Synodical or General AlTcmblies, and
from all Teaching in Churches and Congregations, Exercifes ex-
cepted ; with a Difcharge to all and every one of them, to accept
of any Commiffion, prejudicial to the faid Execution, not prejudg-
ing the other: Yet, that they fhould not be thought excluded from
the General AfTcmbly, it was appointed, That theMafters and Re-
gents of the Univerfly fhould meet, when any fuch Occafion fhould
offer, and condefcend upon three Pcrfons, of whom one fhould be
elcded by die forefaid Council, to be prefent at the General Af^
fembly for that Year ; wliich Peifon fo chofen fhould not, for the
Space of three Years thereafter, be employed in that Commiffion.
And tlicfe ilrticles being publickly and openly read, in Prefence of
the Kin^ anid the whole Univerfity, they were accepted by the Ma-
flcrs and Reg'.ents with folemn Promife of Obedience.

By tlie Afie.mbly which met at Dundee the next Year, our Author
was appointctl as one of their Commiffioners that were to meet
with the King, to confer upon the Aflairs of the Church; and by H.«c«n-
his wife and piudent Conduct, he reconciled the King to the fa- ?o''hc'Mii^i:
dious Miniflcrs oi Edinburgh, who had been difcharg'd from Preach- w^'j,°'"^
ing upon the acc'.ountof dieir rebellious Sermons. And Archbifhop
Spotifwood inforn is us (a), Tiiat he was one of Four that was added
to thcfc Miniflers oi Edinburgh i and was appointed likewife one

Slfff 1 of

^ The Ltfcofc^r. KOBEKT ROLLOCK. Vol.m.

of the CommilT^oncrs for planting the reft of the Churches in the

^>r^ Kingdom

v^V^ This learned Gentleman publifhed, during his own Life, a Com-
mentary upon the firft Book o( Theodore Bez^a\ Queftions; a Com-
dr"hi)\vro"kl nientarv upon the i:piftle oi Paul to the Ephe/Ians, printed at E-
dtnburgh, in 4/e, I 590. A Commentary upon the Prophet Danitl,
printed at Edidur^h, in 4/0, 1591- A Logical Analyhs upon the
Epiftle of St. Pant to the Romans, in 8a'0, at Edmlurgh, 1 594.
Some Qiicftions and Anfwcrs, concerning the Covenant of Grace
and the Sacramento, in 81^0, at Edmbtirghy 1596. A Trcatifc of
Erte(ftual Calling, in S'l'o, at Edmbur^h, I597- A Commentary
upon the Lpiftlcs of St. Paul to the Tljejjalonians and Philemon^ m
^qjo, at Goicvai 1597- ^ Commentary upon 15 feletft P(alms, in
^^Oy ixi Geneva, 1598. A Commentary upon tlie' Gofpel of St.
7o/;//, with a Harmony of the Four Evangelifts upon the Death,
Refurrctftion and Afcenlion ot J ejus Chrift, in 8w, at Geneva, 1 599.
Certain Sermons on feveral Places of St. Paul's Epiftles, in 8'vo,
Hit Edinburgh, 1 598.

BcHdcs thcfe, which, as we have faid, were all, ormoftof them,
publifhcd in our Author's Life-time ; there were publifhed, after
his Death, his Commentar) upon the Epiftle to the Colofsians, ia
8%'o, at Geneva, i6oi- A Logical Analyfis upon the Lpiftle to
the Hebrezvs, in "ivo, at Edinburgh, 1605. A Logical Analyfis u-
pon the Epiftle to the Galatians, in %vo, London, i6oi. A Com-
mentary upon the ift and id of the Corinthians, in 81/0, 1600. A
Commentary upon the 1 firft Chapters of the firft Epiftle of St. Pe^
ter, in ^vo, London, 1605. ^ Treatife of Juftification, and ano-
ther of Excommunication, both in 8t;o, London, 1604. All thcfe
are writ in Latin, excepting the Sermons.

Of all the Subje(ffs that our Author has writ upon, I fhall make
choice to give fome of his Thoughts upon Excommunication, be-
caufe it is a Subjedl that concerns all Chriftians, of what Commu-
nion foever they be : And I fhall give the Reader a brief Account
of the ancient Difcipline of the Church in this Cafe ; which our
Author knew little or nothing of.

Our Author wrote his Book of Excommunication, upon the ac-
count of the great Abufes tiiat had crept into the Church of Rome^
and the litde Regard that was had to it amongft the Proteftants in
liis Time ; And indeed it was no Wonder that it was little regarded i
for our firft Reformers did excommunicate People upon very frivo-
lous Grounds. But, to place this Affair in a clear Light,

We are told by the Apoftle S. Paul, That all Chriftians make but
one Body, of which fefusChri^h the Head, and the Faithful, the
Members. Our blefted Saviour, as the Fiead of the Faithful, in-
fluences tljem after two different Manners ; the one is interiorly,
by communicating to each of them his Merits, and influencing
them with his Graces ; the other is, exteriorly, by a vifible Govern-
ment, under the Condu(5l of his Providence and Protection, under

the

An. 1 sii.

Vol. III. Principal of the College of Edinburgh. . . j

•the Obfervation of liis Precepts and Laws, and under the Dired^ion
of thofe to whom he has committed the Authority of croverninc
his Church in his Name ; giving them a full Power for tl?at Effecfb
with the A/Hflance of iiis holy Spirit : So all Chriftians being thus
united in one Catholick Church, and making up but one Body,
there is a Communication of Rights and fpiritual Goods, to which
each Chriflian, as Members of the fame Body, may claim a Right
iinlefs they be debarred therefrom by the Sentence of the
Church. And this is founded upon tliat Sentence of the Gofpel,
Matth. Chap, xviii. V. 17. If he /hall negUa to hear them, tell it
unto the church; and if he negleO; to hear the church, let him be to
thee a heathen man and a publican : And this Precept of St. TauCs
I Cor. Chap. v. V. 11. But now I have written unto you, not to keep
company, if any man that is called a brother be a fornicator, or cove-
Jouf, or an idolater, or arailer, or a drunkard, or an extortioner;
with fuch an one not to eat> Wliich St. u4ugufiine explains (a) If
they be judged or dcnopnced as fuch ; otherwifc, if each one were
at liberty to feparate themfelves from thefe whofe Condud they
condemn, 'twould afford ground to perpetual Difputes and Schifms.
S. Paul fays likewife, 1 TheJJalonians , Chap. iii. V. 14. aAnd if a-
ny man obey not our zvord by this epiftle, note that wan, and have no
company zvith him, that he may be afhamed; yet count him not as an
enemy, but admomfh him as a brother. But our Saviour's Rule mufl
be obferved in all this, who ordains us, Matth. Chap, xviii. V. i$.
If thy brother fhall trefpafs againft thee, go and tell him his fault be-
tween thee and htm alone ; if he fhall hear thee, thou hafi gained thy
brother; but if he will not hear thee, take zvith thee one or two more
that in the mouth of tzvo or three witnejfes every word may be eflabli-
fhed; and if. he neglect to hear them, then tell it to the church. Tlicfe
are the Rules of Excommunication ; fo that we fee tli.e Defigii of
it is, to fhame Men out of their Wickednefs by ihunning ail Com-
merce with them, but without bearing any Hatred to them. And
therefore the primitive Chriftians feldom made ufe of this laft Re^
medy of reclaiming Sinners ; and when they did it, tlicy performed
it thus, as wc learn from the Apoflolical Conftitutions : {b) \yhen
any one was accufed, they enquired narrowly into his Life and Coq-
verfation ; and if they found that the Accufation was well founded,
then the Bifhop call'd him, and reproved him privately in Me^kr
nefs and Moderation ; if that did not reclaim hini, he took tw(?
WitnelTes, and reproved him before them ; if he flill remained
pbflinat, then he was reproved in the Church before the Congrega-
tion ; by comforting them upon their Repentance, with the gra-
cious Promifes of the Gofpel ; ,by terrifying them, witji the Tlireatr
nings and Denunciation againfl Sinners j. by, exhorting both fhc
Party and People to fail and pray for them: . And if none of thef^
Methods prevailed with them, then thQ ?iQiop confulted witii.the
oldefl, and mofl reputed of his Brethren fot San(ftity and Holinefs ;

Tt-ttt and

0«) Hm. }•. C IS. (t) Ub. u C. };.

44i The Life g/'e^^r. ROBERT ROLL QCK, Vol.lfll.

and after long Expcdtations, they proceeded to the Sentence with
A^*?^ Sorrow and Lamentation; for after thi< thty had no Commerce
'^'^^'^ with the excommunicated Perfon (d), and treated thdn\ as Patjans
and Infidels : Yet they did not cxcUidc them from Ircaring the Scri-
ptures read in the Churches (/»), and trom hearing of their Sermons j
tor the Infidels themfelves were not debarr'd from that, that they
might be reclaimed; for whenever they repented, they vrcre recei-
ved again into the Church with Joy. And if any Perfon comjllain-
ed of'the rigorous Procedure of his Bifhop againft him, or that the
Sentence was upon flight or malicious Grounds, it wa's brought and
examined before the Provincial Synod (c): -And this was thd Difci-
pline of the Primitive Church. But in Afrcr-Jges, amongfl the ma-
ny Corruptions that crept into the Cluircli, that of Excommunica-
ting upon frivolous Grounds was none of the leaft : And after the
oth Century, tlic Churchmen made ufeof this fpirimal Weapon to
defend themfelves againft the Incroachments that were made up-
on them by Princes: So that at length they came to excommuni-
cate Families and Provinces 5 yea, whole Kingdoms, at leaft, were
interdi(5ted or difchargcd from having Divine Service amongfl tlicm,
and that without any previous Admonition or Exhortation : Others
were refcrved to the Pope, fo that they were obliged to go to Rome
for Abfolution. And thefe Excommunications were attended with
fupcrflitious Ceremonies ; fuch as the Lighting and Exringuifhing
of Candles, Throwing them to the Ground, with the Ringing of
Bells and horrible Curfes. Likewife they interpreted the Precept
of not having Commerce with them, with fuch Rigour, that one
Excommunication produc'd an infinite Number of others, and ex-
tended the Precept to the Seizing upon their Temporal Goods and
Effecfls : So that Servants were excommunicated for obeying their
Mafters; Children, for obeying their Parents; and Wives, forcon-
verfing with their Husbands. And the excommunicated Perfon was
declar d uncapable of any Place or Truft, degraded from all his
Honours (0), and their Subje(5ls and Vallals difcliarged from yield-
in" any Obedience to them : So that when a King or Emperor was
excommunicated, he was reduc'd to the State of a private Man,
and all his Subjedls difcharged from their Alledgance ; by which
means the Excommunications of the Church became ridiculous and
contemptible. And this was the Motive that moved our learned
Author to write his Book againft thefe horrible Abufes. And now
I fhall conclude with the Account of his Death, and the Judgment
of the Learned concerning him.

He died upon the l8th of Fehruary at Edinburgh,' i59^> ^^ "^'^^
,ni"ch^!i. 43 Year of his Age. He was certainly a Man of great Learning, and
*"' -well feen in the Writings of the Commentators upon the Bible;
but he was not fo well feen in the Writings of the ancient Fathers
of the Church, which was the general Fault of all our firft Refor-
mers ; but that which he is moft to be blamed for is, That lie

took

(«) C. 3». (t) C. }>. C«) C. 1 5, Qi 6. C. 48. Lm Gttg. »i.

Vol. III. principal of the College of Edinburgh, aa?

took upon him, as a great many, others did at that Time, to preach
the Gofpel. and adminiftratd the Sacraments without being or- <^>^^
dained, or having Impofition of Hands, as his Neighbour Mr. vX^
^okrt '^Bruce had done, upon the Enthufiaftical Pretence of an
extraordinary Call from the Holy Ghofi. Archbifliop Spotifwood
fpeaking of his Dcatli fays, {a) ' This Man was born not far from
' Stirling, and train'd up in Letters under Mr. Thomas Buchannan,
who did then keep a famous School: At that Time he paffcd
his Courfe in Philofopby at St. Jndrezvs, and no fooner receiv'd
the Degree of a Mafter in Arts, than he was chofen Regent of
the College of St. Sahator, where he nad ftudied. In the Yesir
158? he was removed to Edinburgh, and made Principal of a
College which the Town had there credied, where by his Lediures
of Divinity in the Schools, and his Sermons to the People, ( in
both which he was afliduous ) he came to be greatly efteemed j
but the 17 Days Trouble and Tumult that followed thereupon,
withdrawing him againft his Mind to the Keeping of AfTcmblics!
and other Commiflions of the Church, he was thereby much
weakened,' for he was of an unfirm Body, and grieyoufly pain'd
with the Stone, whereof at laft.he died. In his Sicknefs being
vifited by his Bretheren of the Miniflry, amongft other pious Ex-
hortations, he did earneftly bcfeech them to carry themfelves
more dutifully towards the King, lamenting he Ihould be fo ill
ufcd by fome of their Number, and gave tliem a mofl comfor-
table Farewell. His Torments were extreme, yet was he not heard
to ufe an impatient Word, but waj ftill calling on GOD, with
thefe and the like Sayings mfie Lord Jefus, ^nd tarry not, put
tn thy Hand, and take this Soul away to thy [elf and at other
Times, Go out, filly Life, that the better Life of GOD was enter
tn: Drawing near his End he repeted a Part of the 6 Pfalm
and framing a moft pithy Prayer out of the fame, as one exulting
after Vi(5lory, he cried aloud, thrift hath taken my Joke to Lear
and nozv, ftrengthened by his Grace, I will follow ; with which
Words he yielded up his Spirit. A rare Example of Holinefs he
was in his Life and his Death, albeit now dead, yet fliU preach
cth by his learned Works, which it is Pity Ihould not be collea-
ed 111 one Volume and preferved to Pofterity. He deceafed
the laff of February, and had his Corps honourably interr'd in
the Burial Place, an innumerable Multitude accompanyine the
the fame to the Grave. ' But the Presbyterian Hiltorians have
not (o good an Opinion of our Author; for altho' Mr. Prrr/> con
feHcs {b) tiiat he was a godly and learned Man, yet he fays
* lie was credulous, and not fo fit for Government arid Difci-
pl.ne as for the Pulpit and Schools, nor was made privy to all
the Myf^eries of Iniquity that.wercthcn in working, Lt only lo
far as the Plotters iliought needful. : His old Mafter Mr. Tho-
' mas auchannan was now wone to the^ King's ^^ide; 'an^ turned
'^''''- ^ ♦ and

i^)V%.t. P.{. 4J4. U}C«.t. 1^. Pifr ,};. '"'■

.:>LiO {<•)

444 '^f Life of c^r. ROBERT RQLLOCK, Vol. HI.

♦ and tutored him as he (aw fitting ; they thought the Efti'mation
(^d%#^ f ]^en liad of him would induce many to their Courfe. And then
VV^' * he falls a riiling at B'lfho^ SpotifiOood, for faying that lie was

« not in Orders when he was made Moderator of the Affcmbly
' at Dmdee^ and endcjvonrs to ^rove the contrary, from iiis cal-

♦ ling himfelf one of tlii Minifters q( Edinburgh, in his Ckjmmcn-

♦ tary upon rhe Ephejians, firft pirtDlifhed 1590, and from his'be-
< ing often a Member of the General Affembly. ' B^ut'thc Gafc
of Mr. Robert "Bruce overthrows both thcfc Arguments, as we
ftiall make appear in his Life; Befidcs Multitudes of other fnftan-
Ces, that mlg^u be produced of thofe who were Members of Af-
femblies, and called themfclves Minifters, but were ndvcr or-
dained.

CaldtrwoOd tranfcribes {a) Mr. Tetries Characfter of him , but
thofe who are de/lrous of funher Characftcrs of him, but mod to
the fame Purpofe, will find them in our Author's Life wrote in La-
tine by George Roberffon, and publifhcd at Edinburgh i^^^^ in
II wo. where there are lilcewife fevdral Epitaphs, compofed upon
him by Mr. Rbbert Pont, Mr. ^ndrciu Ruth'ven, Hadrian Da-
midna Befiervels, Mr, Thomas , Cmigy Mr. Henry Charters, m
Greek and Latin, Mr. WiUiam Cratg, Mr. John Jidamjon, Wtl-
iiitm BarcUy, M. D. Ui. John Ray, M. D. Mr. George Griar,
Mr. Wtlitam Arthur, Mr. Thomas Ballanden, Mr. Nathaniel Vd-
•vart, George T)ougUs, Mr. Da^utd Elume, Mr. Alexander Hume,
Mr. Andrezo Aiel-vin, and Mr. Hirtules Rollock ; fome of which I
fliall in(ert for the Reader's Satjsfaa:ion.

Epitaphium Roherti Rolloci^ fer Andream
Melvinum,

DV X, Rolloce, gregis tener tenelli,
DoBarnm deem elegantiarum, •
Et morum fpecimen modefiiorum.
Dhx, Rolloce, gregfs facer facrati,
Sal Terr A, fine frauae, luxque Mttndii,
Et vitA fpeculum laboriofx,
G^uo diver fus abis ? Ttios relincjuis f
Jnvidit tibi nemo fanw iihquam,
Aut cari emeritum gregts fanjorem,
oAut clari aureolum gregis decorem.
Jnvidit tibi nemo pmlicata
Cafiartim intima cogitationum,
SAndarnm abdita iHCtibratiohum.
Invidit tibi nemo grati/im AuU,
Gratam gratiam, earn ©* redintegrMtami
Grata ut gratia Jit rcdinttgrata.

Jnvidit

ifi Ctldii. KiA. P«C- 4c}>

Vol. in. principal of the College of Edinburgh. a^j

Jfividit tibi nemo propagatum,

S&pc n Principe poene Principatum. a^)^,

JSlil homm tthi ego, tibi nee ullm *<?K^

'Vnqiuim j^ane : oAt in^videmns omnes

(^itnttllumy eiut fi inrndere fas^

^IjtdnqHam non magis in-videmm omnes

^Ijf^im lnfrem!t-s item ^ dolemnj omnes)

Jflcvn prApyoperam fefiinationem^

A nobis procid hinc abittonem.

InRohertiim Rolloctm^ EdiniVaftorem^ ^ A^
cademice Edinhiirgen<£ ReClorem^ David
Hiimius.

DV M vires oftentat, ^ in Terrejiria vafium
Terr'orem vult mors ingerere atm fui,
Rollocum invadit, 'uitA mortifque Mag^firtm't
Et pin, lugubrijub pede, colla premit.
Nil agis, O truculent a I parts pro funere vitam :
Non morititr qitem mors ad meliora rapit.

Aliiid.

DEHciA humani generis Rollocus, imago
Maxima manfueti, quem docet ipfe Dei,
Cluem do6ium mirantur, amant mitemme hnUmque,
Cum populo, Proccres, Rexquc Patrefque pio.
Ante diem primo cadit immaturus tn avo,
Frufiratm patria, vit^que fpemque fu£.
Hen ! quis non timeat mortem, tetrtcarnque trticemqtte,

'Parcere fi dodis, ft negat ilia bonis.
At quis jam timeat mortem, 'vel j&va mmantem,
perderc ft doHos, Jlneqiiit ilia bonos i

Epitaphium Koberti Kolloci, per Tbomam Sal-
landinum,

TE, Mloce, extindo, Vrbs mcefta, Academia mafta tft>
Et tota exequiis Scotia maefia tuis.
Vno in te nobis dederat Deus omnia, in mo
Te 'Deus eripuit omnia quA dederat.

Ter Joannem Scotum,

Sdcla priora viderunt luce cadentem
Solem unum ; bioos hdc videt una difs.

U u u u u The

"^6 rhtUfeof^ ROBERT ROLLOCK,

Vol. \\\.

/>*A»/>

The Catalogue of his Works.

jl ^ Conmentarms in Tc^nlt E^ijlolctm ad EpheJIos, 410, litlin.
1590. (^ Gencvcc, in 8vo, 1595.

III. Comment, in Pauli Epif^olam ad Ephe/ios, cum nods hrevibus,
in 8vo, Geneva;, 1606.

IV. Comment, in utramqt^e Pauli Epijlolam ad Thejjalon. ^ Philem.
cum notis Joannis Ttfcatoris, m 8vo, Herbernix Na(aviorura,
i^Oi- ^Genevx, i<5o2,.

V. Comment, in Damelem, in ^to, Edinburgi, 1551, i^6\, 159^

^ i6io-

VI. Certain Sermons on feveral Places of Sc. Paul's Epiftles, in %vo^

'Edinburgh, 1597- zr • • y t-j- u •

VII. Tratiatus de ^ocatione ejjicaci, tn Svo. Edinburgi, 1597.
VIII- G)u&(iiones (^ Rejpon/iones aliquot, defadere Dei ^ de Sacra-

mentts, in 8vo, Edinburgi, 159^-

IX. aAnalyfis Logic a in Epifiolam ad Hebrxos, una cum Trail at u de
J u (It fie at tone, in 8vo, Edin. 1605.

X. Analyfts Logica in Epifiolam ad Galatas, in 8vd, Lond. i6oiy
^ Geneva;, 1605.

XI. Anahfis Logica in Pauli Epifiolam ad Romanos, in 8vo, Edin-

XII. Comment, in quatuor priora Capita EpifioU ad Colajf. Geneyac,
in 8vo, 1 601

XIII- Comment, in primam fS [ecundam Epifi- ad Corinth, cum
notis Ptjcatcris, Hcrberniae, in 8vo, idoo, Gen. 1601, i6oy.

XIV. Comment, in E'vangelium fecundum foannem, cum ejm Har-
monia Evangelic a, in P'afsionem, Rejurreilionem ^ ^janjionem
"jefu Chrifit, Genevae, in 8vo, 1595, 1600.

XV- Comment, in quindecemjele£iosPjalmos Gen. 8vo, 1599 (^ i6\o.

XYI. Trailatw de Excommunicatione, Lond. 1604, Gen. 1^01, 8vo.

XVII. Comment, in duo Capita prioris EpifioU Petrf^ Gen. 1599 8vo.

XVIU- TraiiatM brenjis de Procidentia Dei.

THE

Vol. III.

4+7

An. lOvol

THE

LIFE of James Chyne^ Doctor of the
Laws, and * Profeffor of Philofophy at '^ ^ ^
T>orpay.

TH I S Gentleman was a Son (a) of the Laird of hi. p.ren-
yirnagies, arr ancient Family in the Shire oi y4ler- 'i£»^^
deen; having learned his Grammar and Philofo-
phy at that Univcrfity, he applied himlelf to
Theology, under Mr. John Henderjon, a famous
Theologue in thofe Days, and who, upon •the
Reformation, went oyer to France, and died at Paris. Havin'^ m« »nt„i
finifhed his Studies in Theology, he cntred into Holv Orders, biu d»;,"?,?;:
upon the Reformation, was obliged to f{y with his Mafter to France, ZTCJ!"'
where he taught Philofophy for fome Time at Paris, in the Col- vZ^m
lege of St. Barbe; and from thence he wenr to Doway in Flanders, R^a'.rTr''
where he taught Philofophy for fcveral Years, and was made Redor u'^"^''
of the Scots College there, and great Penitentiar and Clianon of
the Cathedral Church of Tournay,

We have feveral Writings of this learned Gentleman's flill ex-
tant, of which I fliall give the Reader an Account, according to the
Years in which they were publifhcd. In the Year 1575, lie pub- An^
lifhed at Doway, a Compound of yirifletles Philofophy in iiwo, ''^'"*
which was reprinted at tlie fame Place in the Year 1 595, in Sx'o.
In the Year I5y5, he publiflied at Doway iv/o Books, upon the
Terredrial and Celelbal Globes in "Svo. In the year 1576, he
publjfhed at ^eway a Geographical Defcription of the Earth, in
^fo. In the. Year 1577, '"'^ publilhed at Doway two Orations, the
one concerning the Qualities that are requifite for making a per-
fe<5fPhilolopher, and the other, upon the Predidions of Aftrolo-
gers, both in 8i;o. In the Year 1578, he publifhed at Doway a
Commentary upon the 14 Books of ^rijlotles Metaphyficks, and
fomc Letters mention'd by Dempfler, who was his Scholar at
Doway; but I know not if ever they, were publifhed.

We have already given a Hiflory of Anftotles Philofophy, in
the firfl Volume of this Work, in the Life of Mr, Michael Scot
of'Salwiry, and the Hiftory of Aftronomy in this Volume, in the
Life of James Bajjantine : x\nd fince all our Author's Works arei
upon Philofopliy, Aftronomy and Geography ; and that without
the Knowledge of Geography, no Man can underftand either Sacred
or Prophanc Hiftory. . I Ihall give the Reader here an Account of
tlic firft Rife, Progrefs, and Difcoveries, or Improvements, thac
have been made m Geography till our Author's Time.

UUUUU Z Ji^O'

Arconnt
Wofk>

(^ Dcidf'- HU>. EclcT. Ub. }. Tag. 194. Conaui it auplid ftm, K,fli(. •pod Scotoi, Pag. it^,.

All. 1 1' a.
An HtAorf.

448 The L}fe 0/ J A M E S C H Y N E. Dr. of the Laws, Vol. III.

Mo(is the Sacred Hiftorian, having informed us how the World
wasdilpeoplcd by the Flood, proceeds next to inform us how it was
rcpcoplcd by the pofterity of Noah-^ whicli he docs, by acquain-
ting^ us ufter what Method the three Branches of Noah's Pollcrity
"' A""'"" did" diftindly plant or fettle thcmfclves at firft, in three diflindt

or the Im- J ' . «il' 1 I n

pr,v.me„c, Trtifls of thc Eaith. And this is the larizefl and bcfl Account

t'ui have . "1/^ Ifll- TiT^I

b«n m.de tljat wc luvc of thc Icvcral Inliabitants or the Earth; Striibo tells
pV'°^" us, {a) That the fiifl among the Grecitins that wrote in Cieography
were Homer, ^naxiwaruler thc Milefi.w, Hecat/eus, Dernocritus,
Eiicloxns, Dlcearchus, Ephorns, Ertitofhenes, Polybius and Pojjido-
nius ; and 1 Ihall give thc Reader an Account what their Perfor-
mances were.

A Stranger to Gcograpliy, as wc have elfewhere obfcrved, (b)
that fliould read the Voyages of Vlyfjcs, as they are dcfcribed by
Homer, and fhould obfcrve the Time that was fpent, the Removes
that they made, and Dangers they underwent in being tofTcd from
Shore to Shore, would be apt to imagine, that they had vifi-
ted the moll Part of thc habitable World} and that its plain, that
he knew no further than the JEgean Sea.

oAnaxtniancler thc MHefian, tlie Difciple of Thales, was, in the
64111 Year of his Age, in the id Year of the 58th Olympiad; and
Diogenes l.aert'ms informs us. That he was the Firfl who gave us
the McafTire of tiie Earth, of which I have given an Account in
the fecond Volunie of this Work, {c) Hec<itxus, who was like-
wife a Altleftariy acquired great Fame, by his Defcription of j4ft(ij
Europe and Lybia. In tb.e Reigns of Xerxes and ^rtaxerxes, Lon-
cimimus, Y^emocritus was famous for his Cofmography. 'Tis obfer-
ved in thc Second Book of Pliny, that there was one EudoxuSf
who taking Ship in the y^rabian Culph, to avoid the Difpleafure
of Ptolomy LnthurHS, arrived in thc Port of Cndix; and that before
him another, who had fail'd from a Port of Spain, went into
jEthiopia, to traffique there ; and its reported in the fame Place,
that in tiie Time of Gluintus Metelltis Celer, the King of the Swe-
'ui, bordering on the Baltick Sea, prefented to the Romans fome
Jndiitns, who departing from their own Country for Commerce,
were cafl by Tempefts on the Coafts of Germany; from all which
Cluverins conclucK's, That if thefe Relations be true, the Parts of
the Earth kno\rn, and inhabited by the Antients, were difcovered
on all Sides, that they paffed with their Ships not only under the
C(Tpe of Good Hope, towards the Antar^ick Pole, but alfo under the
yirdick Pole, on the other Side of Mujcovy ^nd T^artary; and
that they did more than the Englifh and Dutch, who have not
been able to find a Paflage that Way to Japan and China ; but
the Eudoxus that Strabo fpeaks of, was the famous Aftronomer, of
whom we have given an Account, in the Hiffory of that Science,
and different from the Eudoxus mentioned by Pliny. Ephorus
was thc Difciple odfocratcs, and flourifhcd in the Reign of Artax-

trxes

Cd) Lib. Ift. (t) Vol. ift, in the Life o\ S. Virgil. (0 Vol. id. Page 608.

Vol. in. and Profejjoir of Phtlofophy at Doway. 449

V'xes Ocho, he wrote a Hiftpry of the Wars betwixt the Greci-
ar;s and their Enemies, whom he calls the Barbarians, in <^^*^
30 Books ; whdrein a great Number of Things are to be learned v#\^
as to the Situation of the Places that lie fpeaks of in thefe Times'.
But 'DIodorus Sictilns blames liim for his Ignorance in the Geogra-
phy of ^g)p : And Jofephus, for iiis Ignorance of I(;erta. q)cc£-
arclm wrote the Stare of Greece in his time, partly in Verfe, and
partly in Profe, and a Defcription of Mount l^elius. TheFrae-
ments of this Author were brought from Italy, by Matthew Bad^Hs,
and after they had lien dormant for near 40 Years, Henry Stephens
publifhed them in tlie Year 1589, with a Latin Verfion : But the
mod complete Edition, is that in tiie zd Volume of Dodor Hud-
fons Colle(aion of the Grxcian Geographers, publi/hcd at Oxford
in 1705, with Mr. DodzveCs DiiTertation, wherein he fixes the Aee
of this Author ; for he dedicates his Work to Theophrajlus, who fiK-
c^edcd Arijlotle in his School, which was in Olympiad 1 14 5 ; where-
in he continued to Olympiad 115: And the Time wherein he
wrote, is found out by his mentioning the Rebuildiog of ThebeSy
which was performed by Cajjader, in the ii<5 Olympiad; which
was before the Time in which Demetrius Poliorcetes took it for the
id Time. And from this and feveral other PafTages in it, the lear-
ned Mr. T>odwel makes it appear, that the Metric Work was wrote
at the End of the 1 16 Olympiad, and the Profe, in the End of the
117 Olympiad. The Defign of the Metrical Work was, to make
his Maps better underftood, and Names, eafily remembred. The
Maps he drew wqrc, firft, of the Peloponcjus^ then, of all Greece, af-
terwards, of the whole Earth, fo far as his Knowledge extended.
But in thefe general Maps, thefe Geographers had a Regard to
Greece, as the Centre of the Earth, computing the Diftance of o-
thcr Places from thence. The Fragment concerning Mount Peliusy
tho' it be not infcnbed by his Name, yet all the Critics are agreed
that it is liis, fince he wrote not only of the Mauri tains of Pelopo-
neJHs, but of thofe who belonged 10 the \s\\o\q Macedonian Mon^n-
chy; feverals of which he meafured, as Pltny fays, cttra Refum, by
the Dirc<flion and Help of Kings: So that the Time muft be imme-
diately after Alexander the Greats Death, rliat is, after the Birth
of Alexander the Son of Roxane, who, with Arid^us, were Kings
together, which was between the 114 2d and the 115 4th Olympi-
ad ; tiiis being a peaceful Time, for Alexander the Great's Captains
had not as yet fhared his Dominions amongfl themfelves : And tHis
Meafuting was not only of the Hills, but of the Bounds of the
Countries, and confiderably after, 1;/^ in the Hi id Olympiad, afr
ter Demetrius had got the Kingdom o( c^acedon, and buik Deme^
trius , which is taken notice of by £)/c<ari:/;«j. He wrote likcwiPe
a Tripoliticum, which wa^ an Account of fomeTr//'o//V, pf whicli
Name there were divers : But the learned Mr^ ttodwei a of opinion,
that this was the Trtpolis of the "Dorians iaPetof^nefUs, not far' from
Sparta, and its Metropolis.

X X X X X Era-

Arr. itta.

450 The Life of JAMES C H Y N E, JDoaar of the Uws. Vc.l. Ilf.

JEratoftherics lived about lOO Years before Chnp, and wrote, a-
monEftoclicr Things, a Bdolc of Geography, and tranflated 777;^/-
fitorles^ Book of the mod notable Sea-ports of the World; who
flourifhed not long before him.

TolybiHS, who flourifhed, and was in great Reputation about 14^
Years before the Birth of our Saviour, was of o^egalopolis, a City
of Arcadia, the Son of Lyccrtas, General of the oAch^ans : Tho'
he wrote nothing of a Body of Geography, yet in his Hiftory,
which comprcliends the moft conficlcrable Tranfadions of the
World, from the Beginning of the Second Pmic War, to the End
of that which terminated the Differences of the Romans with the
n^aLedoniAn Kings, by the Ruin of their Monarchy, there are fevc-
ral remarkable Defcriptions of the Situation of Places, for, that he
mj'^ht be exadt in what lie was to write, he pafTod into Apa and
Africa ; he fet Sail on the Atl^tic Ocean, by the Means of ScipOy
who loved him entirely, and procured him VelTels for this Purpole ;
he crolfcd Part of \.\\c Gauls and the Alpes, with a Dcfign to rcpre-
fcnt Hannibal's Pallagc into//^/y; he travelled over all ^jp^/w, and
made a con"fidcrable Stay at New Carthage^ to obferve, at his own
Lcifurc, the Situation of that Place, and that he might omit nothing
that concerned the Actions of his noble and faithful Frieoui Scipio,
Gerardns Vojstui (a) thinks, That the Pofsidonitis mentioned
licre by Strabo, was he of (*Apo/nea, the Sfoic Philofophcr, whom
Cicero heard at Rhodes, and who continued Tolybiuss Hiftory in 51
Books : And this he grounds, upon his being mentioned amongft
the Plvilofophcis, ' and immediately after Polybius. But it is much
more probable, that it was the Tofsidonius of Olbiopoltta, wlio, as
we learn from Smdas, wrote feveral Geographical and Hiftorical
Treatifes ; the Hiftory of Attica and Lybia in xi Books, with the
Dcfcription o^Tyrus, and the adjacent^eas about it. Befidesthefe
mentioned by Strabo, the learned Dr. Htidfon, inhis CoUecffion of
the Greek Geographers, publifhed with Mr. DodweVs Didertations,
in the Years 1698, 1705 & 1712, has feveral other; the principal
(bf which are, Hanno ihe Carthaginian Gcnevil his Periplus orCoa/f-
ing: This Book the famous Jf/iac Vofsius c^cemed, as one of the
mo(l ancient Remains of the Grecian Geogra|)hy, making the Au-
thor as ancient as PerfiHS, who killed the Gorgons : But the moft
learned Mr. T)odwel has refuted this Conjedure, and has fhown it
to be written by fome CrAcian who had perfonated him, and yet be-
trays liimfelf, by giving not Punic, but Greek Names to the Places
he mentions ; and that the Teriplus we have now, is quite different
from that mentioned by the Ancients, as appears from the Citations
taken out of it by Pliny, Pomponius Mela, Solinus, i^c. Befides, tiie
Coafting performed by the Carthaginians, muft have been done in
their moft flourifhing Condition ; which thefe that treat of the moft
early Affairs of the Carthaginians^ fhew to have been before the
firft Punic War, in which tne Romans deprived them of fome of

their

(«} Ocl'hilolo^, p. {;.

VoL III. ^d Profeffor of Phtbfopljy at Doyf/Siy. ^j|

their Territories, which was after they acquired much in Sicily, be- ^^>v^
tween the 91 94, and the 119 Olympiads. NowTlmy makes Hi- ^"^ '***
w/Vco to fail, in the Difcovery of the Maritime Parts of Europe, North-
wards, at the fame Time that Hanno went towards the South and
Eaft : And when both Hanno and Himilco were employed as Gene-
rals, in the War againft (iyjgathocles, and that the Carthaginians
thought themfelves able to befiege Syracufe, 'tis highly probable
that this Expedition was made.

The next is Scylax Caryandenfis\ Periplus or Coafting, which Mr.
Dodwel has proven, beyond Difpute, not to be the Writer of this
Name mentioned by Herodotus ; fome of whofe Arguments I fhall
here fet down. The Scylax mentioned by Herodotus s Voyages were
from India to the Red Sea, of whicli this Scylax writes nothing;
nay, this Scylax could not be,ancicntcr than Polybius, for he de-
fcribes the Places along adjoining to the Mediterranean Sea, mucK
of which, to wit, from Girf/^^^f to the Streights o( Cades, were
unknown to the Greeks, till the Wars with thc'Romans in the Time
of Polybius, who made his Bufinefs to acquaint himfelf with thofe
Countries, before his Time, unknown to his Countrymen, as we
have already obferved. idly, This Scylax mentions the Imperia of
the Carthaginians in Spain ; which could not be before that HamiU
car, the Father of Hannibal, had fubdued them, which was after the
TinK of Alexander the Great, ^dly, This Scylax makes the Bounds
of the Etrurians to reach to the Adriatic Sea ; which muft happen
aher that the Romans (on the account of the Affiftance that they
had afforded them againft the Gauls) enlarged their Territories,
which could not be before the Varronian Year, ak V. C 531. ^hly^
This Scylax makes Leucas an Ifland, which was always joined to tlie
Continent by an Jfthmus, rill the Romans, after the Subduing of
Perftus, by drawing a Channel made it an Ifland, to fecure them from
the Invafions of the oArcarrians, about the Varronian Year, 587.
5f/?/)', This Scylax mentions o^^efsina in Teloponefus; which muft
be after the Time of Epaminondas, (in wliofe Time Gronovius fu(^
pedts this Autlior to ha^c lived) wJio recovered it out ot its Ruins,
To that he coirld not be elder tlian tlut Tirhe • nor after the Varro-
nian Year, 608, fince he mentions Corinth and Carthage, in whicli
Year both of thcfc Cities were defbroyed. i>//y, This Scylax menti-
ons Cius under that Name, which receivd a new Name from Prujtas
K. of Bythinia, to whom it was given by Philip of Macedon, who died
in the Varronian Year 575: Yet it cannot be denied, that in this
Periplus there are fome Things that are not confiftent with the Age
of Polybius ; which makes Mr. IDodwel conje6ture, that this Scylax
did not fail about the Ocean himfelf, but only Collej^edhis Obfer-
Yations from thefe of others, who had ^ven in part, before his own
Time, made fuch Expeditions-, or from fuch who had at fccond
hand given an Account of them.

The learned Voftiuf is of opinion, Thai Agathafoidts Cnidus^
who wrote an Epitome of the Red S^a^ or xather^ of the Eaftern

X X X X X I Coun-

■ too.

45X The Ltje 0/ JAMES CHYNE, Dodhr of the Laws, Vol. fJI.

Countries, wrote it in the Time of P/o/owjy rhilometer, becaufehe
/u!^)^ was Reader to Heracltdes Lemlns : But Mr. 7)oclivel has fhewn, that
altho' lie was Reader to Lembus when he was young, yet he did not
write till a conflderable Time attcr, when he was Tutor to one of
the Ttolowies ; who as it could not be Tlolomy Thilometer, (o nch
ther could it be his Brother £«fr|fW, not Sot or, noi rhy/ton, as 'tis
made appear by tiic learned Perlon above mentioned ; \)ut Ptolomy
yilexandcr, who reigned from the K^rrowMw Year 649, to 666. So
ihat jd^atharcidcs wrote about the Year 650, and not later; for he
only wrote a little before ^rtemidorus^ who publilhed his Teripltis
in the Year 651.

Sahnaftus is of the opinion* That the Tenpins of the Erythr^an
Sea, wliich comprehends Part of the Indian Coafl, the Ter/ian Gulf
and tlie Red Sea, and commonly attributed to ^rrian, was not
wrote by u4rriiin. And Mr. Dodivel agrees with him in this, but
diflers from him as to the Age in which he lived, in making it ap-
pear, that he could not write before Trajan, who conquered a^dra-
lia, and deftroyed its Emporium ; fince this Author makes men-
tion of it, nor very foon after it, fincc he fpeaks of it as having hap-
pened not long before his own Days, whidi, in all Probability, were
under c^^arcus A^toninm and Verus. But 'tis agreed by all the
Critics, That the Teriplus of the Euxin Sea, attributed to Arrian^
is really his, and wrote by him towards the latter End of H'^drian's
Reign. This Jrrian was a Native of Nicornedia, a City of 'Lithj-
nia, where lie made his Studies, and became a Pricfl of Ceres and
Proferpine, as he himfelf tells us : And having tire Province of Cap-
padocia affigned ro him, he defcribed that Part of the Euxin Sea
that joined to Cappadocia, and conljflcd witii his own Knowledge.
And this was in the 20th Year of the Emperor Hadrians Reign ; a?
bout which Time he entrcd upon his Province, and gives the Parti-
culars of his Journey before the War with the Alani, or Albani, in
the Year of our Lord 126. With this is publifhed another Piece of
aArrianSy taken out ot Wis Jndica; which contains the Voyage of
JSlearihtu, which he undertook by the Command of Alexander the
Great, and which Mr. T>odwel tliinks was written by Arrian, im-
mediately after he had finifhed the Life of Alexander the Great, and
before he had Iccn what Ptolomy had written ; and confequentlV) in
ihe Time ofPuis, a little before Ptolomy had publifh'd his Geography.
Marcianus Heracleota, who has given us a Collecffion of Travels
by Sea and Land, begins his Land Travels in the Wertern Parts,
from Rome \ but that of tiie Eaftern Parts arc laft : But he is moflly
celebrated for the Voyages by Sea, having abridged Artcmidonts,
and made a Supplement to him, as he tnd likewife to MemppuSt
who lived a little before o^arcian. From all which Mr. Dodivel
concludes. That feeing Menippus was after Ptolomy, and Agathe-
merus, iitct Menippus, ind Marc i an, 2Sx.ex Agathemerns, Marcian
muff have lived before the End of the 4th Century. The anony-
mous Author of the Feripltis of the B'-xinS^^, is colkdted out of

feve-

Vol. III. and Prof ejfpr of Phtlofophy at Downy. ^jj

fcveral Writers, efpeeiallvout of ^«w«j, Scius and y^rri an : And

tlic Author is thought t6 have lived when Diode/tan had made Nu- J^f^.

midia tlie Seat of the Empire. ^'/^

Jfidorus Characenms JJoook of the Manfions of the Parthians,
is only Part of a larger Work, concerning the fevcral Manfions and
Stages of the CurjHS publicus of the Per/ians, by whom it was begun;
they reckoned firft by Pdrafdnga, after, by the Creek Scham bcin^^
double thereto, concainmg 60 Stadta. Both of thcie at firft were
certain, but after both adniitted of Variety in feveral Countries ;
yet fo- as their Mcafure was certain, tho' altered from the former
Standart: And this was done, that it might be accommodated to
the Roman Miles. VolJim thought. That this J/idore flourifhed in
the Timeot yirtaxerxcs Otho; but from his own Words it appears,
that he wrote after Tiridates fled for his Life, in the Year of our
Lord 36: Others have taken him for the JJidore mentioned by
Pliny, but that J/idore wrote only a Periplus or Sea Voyages, where-
as this Jfidore wrote a Per'iegefis, or a , Defcription of Countties,
and according to the Conjecture of the moft learned Mr. Dod-
ivel, wrote before the Year of Chrtft 161 ; for when he wrcitc his
Tcriegep, tlic Parthians were in Poireflioii of all Mejapotamia,
wiicreas in that very Year they were driven thence by y^viditis
Cajfms.

We have tK Defcription of the World wrote in Verfc by Seym-
nusy of the Ifland of Chio or Scio, and dedicated to Nicomedes
King of Bithynia, at the fame Time, when an ^ttick Author did
a like Performance to Attains. Phtladelphus, King of Pergamusi
what' we have is only o( Europe ■aiud Afia, but he defigned the De-
fcription of Africa, : The chief Author he made Ufe of was Era-
tosthenes, but lie appeals mofl to his own Knowledge. He defigned
an Hiflorical Account of the Cities he wrote of, and of the lime
in which they were built, out of Hiflorians. Dionyfius of ChalcU
wrote alfo upon this Subjed; as did alfo Ephorus Timxus, and fe-
veral others : As for Scyn,nus, the Time in which he flourillied is
known by the Dedication of his Work ; for fincc it is to a King of
12/>^jw<i, it mufl be . before the Farronian Year 6y^ : For chen
their lafl King Nicomedes left that Kingdom as a Legacy to. the
Romans ; and Mr. Dodwel makes it appear, that the Nicomedes
to whom Scymnus made his Dedication was furnamed Cbrefius.
The Trcatifc of Rivers is attributed to Plutarch of Cherondai> by
fome, to Parthenius; by others, and by others, to Antoninus Libera-
lis; but Mr. Dodwel has proven, that it was wrote by none s of
them, but probably by one who affumed the Name oi Plutarcbi.ind
wrote in the Tenth Century ; as for the Work it felf, the Auihox
uot only fets down the Sifuation of all die Rivers he fpeaks-fef,
and the Reafons of tiieir Names, but alfo gives an Account of what
is mofl remarkable in, or near them.

But the moft complete Body of Geography that we liavci.yet
{pp|:e/i of, jis that of Agathemerus, <;ontain'd in two .Books, the fifit

nyyy of

454 *^f ^'A "/" J A M H 8 C H Y N E, Doaor of the Laws, Vol. Ill

of which is divided into eight Chaptets; and the Sccottd/'intdrodr-
jj^;;''^ teen. This Author's Age appears, trom the Bounds flitfc he /ifH^n?
o>/^ lo J) act it, and the Dcftrudlion of Byz>nntitim i^ by which he rhttfl
have hved after SeptiMii4s SeverHs^ and hctotc*C^Uiertiis ,' For from
his making Bahylont.t belong to the Romans, he muft have lived
after Septimms Sevcrus, who reduced this into a Rontdn Prcrvincty
in the Year ot our Lord 20 1, winch was lo(l again tt> the Parthi-
ans by Macrimts, in the Year 117; In which TiuKi ^gathcmertis
wrote. And 'tis obfervable in this Author, 'I hat his C6/iiputation
of Miles is by 7 Stadia and an Half, and in Other Places; by^S Sta-
dia: And he makes tlie Circuit of the whole Earth 251000 Fur-
longs ; and the Part which is inhabite from Eaft to Weft,- according
to lus Computation, 70000 Furlongs.

. The Critics arc ftrangely divided in their Opinions concerning
3iomfius Periegetes : Some taking him for the ^lony/iHs mentioned
hy>Pltny; otUeis, t'oi tUo'Dtonyfins Byz^antiriM ; others, tor Dio-
riyJiM MytelcnxHS ; others, for the DionyfiHs the Son of Mufonifis-;
ail mentioned by Snidcis. But the molt learned Mr. Dodwd fhcws
how he could be none of thcfe, finte molt or all of thc(c wrote in
Profe, and were in different Ages: Whereas our DionyJiHs wrote in
Vcrfe. And from fome Verles of this Poet, preferved by Stepha-
?ms, Cand which are not in our printed Copy) concerning the City
of Emifa, and paraphrafed by Fc/fus oA'vienns. in this City was a
Temple dedicated to the Sun, which this Pbef celebrates, fot which
the Emperor HeliogabnlHs had a peculiar Veneration. From Whence
Mr. Dodwel very rationally conjedfures, that he wrote in this Em-
peror's Time, in whofe Favours he enddavoured to infinuate himfelf
by the Encomiums he gives to his Temple 5 and that he was a Co-
rinthian, there being one of that City that wrote SiPeriege^s in Verfe,
and no Poet is ever named as fuch but this : And he fpeaks of him-
felf as a Roman. And Corinth was made a Roman Colony by fu-
Ittis Cjifar, of which Rome being the Metropolis, the Inhabitants
ot Cortnth were called Romans. Many have wrote Commentaries
upon this Work of Dionyjtus, but none to better Purpofe than Ett-
jiathivts Bifhop oi Hoejjalonica : Yet notwithftanding of all thefe,
and feveral others of lefs Note, the Geography of the Ancients con-
tinued ftill fo imperfeiff, that Strabo, who f^ourifhed under the
Rdign of Tiiif r/W, gives us fuch a large Catalogue of their Miftakes,
in his firft three Books, that any that confiders them will find, that
thov made but a very indifferent Progrefs in their Difcoverics. And
Strabo himfelf, altho'he has correded many of thefe Miflakes, and
delivered many Things down to us with great Accuracy; yet he is
very I far from being exadl, by reafon of his wanting Tables and
Maps, and the Longitudes and Latitudes being Things far beyond
his Skill ; without which it is fcarcc pofTible to fix Places aright, ft
remained ftill very imperfecft amongfl the (7r<ec/V/«Jr till yro/wwy's
Time, who flourifhed under Marcus ^urdius: To him, as wc have
elfcwhcre obferved, was referved the Flonour of reducing Gebgra-

' '

Vol. Ill and Profejjor of Pbilojopby at Doway. 45^

"- -.. — < — -^— — ' -— ^ _

phy to Art and Syftem ; f \yiio, by adding Mathematical. Advafnafes^
to the Hifto'rical Metjjod in which it had. been treated before > h^f pw^•^
dcfcribcd the World in a rnucli,;nore intelligible Manner; fqt-ijc trvv
has delineated it under more certain Rules,and by fi;iing the Bounds
of Places ircim Longitude and Latitude, has both difcovered others
Miftakes, and left us a Method of difcoverinc hi5 ow^n: The moft"
confiderable.of which may be f^qn in o/igatkid&mops Map of the.
World, which is printed with PtolomysV^oiks, and is the firft antl-
beft of that Kind. Tiie Abridger of Stralfo flourilhed .after ^rrian
and Ptolowji fince he cites them both : And from feveral Cir^um-i
fiances in his Writings, Mr. Dodwel makes it appear, tliat he wrote
betwixt the Years ^']6 and 99(5. And this was written not fo much
as an Epitomizer, as a Collecfbor of wliat he judged mofl ufeful in
Strabo. And the firft of this Kind mentioned byThotius, was Trch.
clus, who lived in the latter End of the 5th Century , and Hella-
dim BeJfantinHs, in the Beginning thereof. z^MkhaelTJelus, who
wrote of the Situation, Figure and Magnitude of the Earth,, wrqte
under Confiantim 'Ducas, and his Emprefs Budoxia. And about
the Year 14.40, Georgiiis Gemijltus Pletho, born at Conjiantinotlei
wrote his Geography. And'thefe are the mofl confiderable Geo-
graphers amongd tlie Grecums ; And now we fhall give an Account^
of what the Ro-mans, the Eaflern Nations, and ^Arabians have donj?.
in Geography.

We are very much beh.olden to x\-\t Romans for their Difcoveries?
for they no rooner:rubdued any Province, but they caufed the Map]
of the Province to be drawn^and fhown in their Triurnphs to their
Spedlators: And a great Number of thefe Maps were to be fcen in
LucuUtiss Porch, expofed to the View of every Body, about lOO
Years bfore the Birth of our! Saviour. The Senate of i?owf fent Geo-
graphers to feveral. Parts, that they might meafure the whole Earth,
but they did not infped the twentieth Part of it. Cicero, as he tells
us, undertook to write a Body of Geography (a), but the Difficulty
of the Undertaking frighted him out of it. And the firfl of them
that did any Thing to Purpofe, was Tomponms Mela, who flou-
rifhed under Claudius Cafar; and Pliny, in nis Natural Hiftory, who
flourifhed under Vejpa^an. Not long after Pliny flourifhed Solinusi
who, in his Polyhtjfor. or Colle<ftion of memorable Things, has a
great many curioUs Obfervations in Geography concerning the Names
of Rivers, Fountains, Lakes, Woods and Nations, mentioned by;
the Poets, which was firfl publifhed by e^az^chias at Rome, th^n
hy y^ldus Manutius i.zndhdly i, by fo/ias Simlerus. And foanHes;
•Boccatius, in Q. Work of the fame Nature, publiflted at Venice, in
1 514, has taken the mofl valuable Things he has out of him, with^
out f9 much as ever mcntioryng his Name. , MartianUs Capeltus,
iftdore of Spain, Feftus^AvienHs, Trifciarfuf C^farien/if, Sind the ch
tfier Comnrjcntators upon J)i(}nyflus P<rifgeia,{ arc Ukcwife com?^
mendabk for (hcic P^ft^tms^nceuf ))uC:a,boVe all. that Of thej^^^

^ y yyy ^ fnan

{0) tfA. U Au. Uk. IV

III'" - J.

The Life of ]KM'ES C H Y N F, Dodhr tflhe Laws, Vol. III.

'■^"^/^^ tonhitis

wan Provinces, with tlie Notitia utriufc[tie Jmpfrii, wrote in T^hea-
Jo/i^s'thc Young'cr's Timc.piiblifhcdftrllin the Year ri^I,' by^//;-,
tonhttis Schonho'vius., and ikerwai'cJs, with the Icarnda tommefv
rarics oF Guirliis Pancirolus, from our Couiitryman Miir'ianus Sco-i
tus\ MC'i. is highly to be valued; neither ought we tooitiit the Iti-
nerary oi Antoninus AuguJIus, which fomc attribute to y«//W C/pr,
and others, to Julius the Orator. The Itinerary piiblifhcd by Pe-
trttt Pith^ttf, (uppofcd to be wrote in the Time of ConflantinC'
the Great, the Itinerary of Rutilius Claudius, who flourifhed under
Honorius : The Itinerary of the Blcdcd Martyr j4ntonmus wrote be-
fore Bedes. Time, and publifhed by Menardus ; and the Itinerary of
Bemdrnm T^udelenfis, wrote in Hebrew^ and tranflated into Latiny
firft by Arias Montanusy and afterwards, by Conjlantine L Empe-.
reur. Let us next view the Performances of the tadern Nations,
and the Arabians. Neco King of the Egyptians, many Years be-.
{ore Chrijf, caufed the Coaft ot Africa to be viewed by the Phmici-.
an Geographers, for three Years together. Darius ordered a Scru-
tiny to be made into the Indtis^ and the Eaftcrn y£htiopick Sea;
zna^Alexander the Great, in his '/^fiatick Expedition, took a-
longft with him Diogtnetns and 'Betonins, two able Geograpb.ers,
from whofe Obfervation, the Geographers tor feveral Ages were
obliged. Abul Fdda, by Nation a 'Turk, of the Noble family
of Jobids, wrote a general Geography of the World, after the Me-
thod of Ptolomy,, and was one of the Arabian Princes, born in the
Tear of our Lord 1275, and finifhed his Geography in the Year
1311, twenty Years after he was advanced to the Principality of
llama in Syria. Afraganiart, an Aftronomer oiTrarana in PerCia^
wrote a Book, called T'hc Elements of Aftronomy, whicii has been
feveral Times publifhed in Europe, and particularly by Golius, in
Arabick and Latin, in the i66(), with Urge Notes, of great Ufa
for the Underflanding of the Geography of the Eafi : He flouri/hcd
in the Time of the Calif Al Mamen, who died in the Year of our
LORD 853. Mohammed Eben Jaacuba, a Perfon of great Efteem,
wrote a Dictionary, called Alkamus, or, The Ocean, from its being
an Ocean of Words, wherein many Things are to be learned for
underflanding their Geography: He died in the Year of ourLOKD.
141 4 ; being near 90 Years old. '^oger, the Second of that Name,
King of Sictly, having caufed a Terreftrial Globe to be made all
of Silver, and of a very large Size, Sharif Al Adrift, defcended
from the Noble Family of the Adrifidd, at the Command of King
Roger, compofed a large Volume, explaining the Terreftrial Globe,
which he finifhed in the Year of our LORD 1 155, and entituled
it Ketab Roger, or. The Book of Roger. And the famous Geo^raphia
Nubienfis, publifhed in the Year of our LORD \6i(^, is nothing
but a Compound of thisj Safodin, the Author of a Geographical
Didlionary in the Arabic^ Tongue, is better known than^the Age
of the Author is. The Author of The Geographical Garden, wrote
in Arabfck, is fuppofed to have lived in the Year lOOO. And thefe

are

Vol. III. and Profelfor of Pbilofophy 'at Doway. A^y

are the moft confiderable of the Arabick Authors. And as for our
modern Geographers, whom our Author has moftly followed in his 'V^*^
Compend, they are Antonius Nebyiljenfiss Cofmography, who vA/^'
died in Spain, his Native Country, about the 88ch Year of his Age,
in 1 5^^.^. Joannes Stoeflerus, who, befides fome Cofmographical
Works, compofed a Book upon the Method of making Terreftri-
al Globes, and of drawing of Geographical Carts or Maps : He
died at Tubing 1551- Joachimus Vadianus, who publifhed a
Commentary upon Fompontus Mela de fitu orbis, and an Epitome
of the three Parts of the Earth, that is to fay, of Europe, Afia and
Alrica, : He flourifhcd in the Year 1 548. Joannes Stobniz^a, a Po-
lander, who about the Year 1519, publifhed an Introducftion to
Ptolemy s Geography. Joannes Vernerus of Norimberg, who pub-
lifhed fevcral of the Writings of the antient Geographers, with
Notes and Obfervations upon them ; he flourished in the Year 155?.
Tetrus Appfanus, who publifhed his Geography about the 1514,
with the VCc of feveral Mathematical Inftruments; he died in the
Year 1551. Biblialdus Pirchimerus, a Nobleman of Nurenburg^
who iranfl^ed Ptolomy, with mo(\ learned Notes and Obfervations ;
he died in the Year 1551. Henry Glarean, .born in Clary in
Switz^erland, an excellent Mathematician, who publifhed his Geo-
graphy at P<?r/j, in the Year 1537: Befides which, we have his De-
(cription of Helvetia, and the bordering Nations to it, and his
Book de quatuor Hehetiorum Pagis, is efteem'd a Maflerpicce in its
Kind; he died in the Year 1 5(55, in the 75 Year of his Age, at Fri-
hourgh, where he was ProfefTor. John Driander, born at Watteren
in the Country of He^e, and ProfefTor of Medicin and Mathema-
ticks at Marpurg: He publifhed an Introdu(5lion to Cofmography,
with the Aflronomical and Geometrical Principles requifit in Geo-
graphy, about the Year 1555: He died at Marpurg in the Year
1 5<5o. Brontius Fineus, born in Dauphiny, and ProfefTor of Ma-
thematicks at Paris, publifhed in Latin and French^ Books of Cof-
mography, a new and complete DefCription of the whole
World, and feveral other Geographical Works. He died at
PariSi a little pafl the 60 Year of his Age, in the Year 1555".
James Zigleruj^ born at Landau in 'Bavaria, and ProfefTor o£
Mathematics at Vienna, wrote a Dcfcription of the Holy Land, or
Palejline ; as likewife, a Defcription of Scandinavia, and a Book
of the Affairs of the Indians, with feveral othef Mathematical
Works. He died in the Year 1 549. Francis Maurolyus, a Sicilian^
who, in the Judgment of Frederick Commelin, was the Prince ot
the Mathematicians of his Age; and the Writers of his Life tell us*
That when his Mother was with child of him, fhe dreamed that a
Flam<? burfl out of her Belly, which went up to fhe Heavens; whicli
was looky upon as a certain Prefage of the Child's addi(5ling him-
felf to the Contemplation of the Coeleflial Bodies : And at thail
very Moment that 'his Soul went out of his Body, a Cypfefs-trec in his
Garden bended it fcU towards the Earth, and lefloring it felf again

Z Z 2 Z Z lc»

458 The Lrfe of JAMEV CHYNE> Voa or of the Laws, Vol. 11 f.

to ics former Streiglnncfs eight Days after. Ho was Abbot of Me(-
r^f^^ ana, and wrote tluce Books of Cofmography, the Topography of
t^i/v" iy/V/'/y, and fcveral other Mathematical Works. He died in the Year
1 574! Gemma Pnfms, fo called from his being born in Friejland^
Profedbr of Medicine and Mathematics at Louvnin : He made and
dedicated a new Map of the World to Charles V. wrote a Book of
Cofmography, and fevcral other Mathematical Works. He died in
the Year i ^$5, at Louvain, in the 47th Year of his Age. Gajpar
Vopal a German, publiflicd his Cofmography, a Defcription ot the
Terref^rial and Calcflial Globes; as likewifc of the Maritime Tarts
of Eurofe, aJfia and Africa, with a Defcription of the Rhine. He
flourifhed about the Year 1 544. Gerard e^ercator, born at Rtire-
rnond in f landers, excelled all the Geographers of his Age, or that
went before him ; and all his Maps were engraven by himfelf : And
\\\% Geographical oAtlas has been, and always wilLbe eflecmed a
Mafler-piece in its Kind. He died at T>mshHrgh, in the Year 1 594,
a"cd 81 Years, 8 Months, and 18 Days. Sebaftian Mimjler, born
a? Jngelhtm, and ProfefTor of Theology and Hebrew at Bajil, wrote
a lars^e Defcription of the Earth, which he dedicated to rlie Empe-
ror Charles V. He likcwife wrote mofl learned Commentaries upon
Powponius Mela and Soitnus. He died at Bafil, in 1551, of th«
Pla"ue, in the 6^ Year of his Age. William Pojlel, born ztBrantoH
in I<formandy, an excellent Mathematician, and fo well Teen in Lan-
eua<Tes, that lie ufed to fay. He could travel over the tuhole Earth
ivithoHt an Interpreter; but he was an extravagant Enthufiafl and Vi-
(ionary. He wrote a Map and Defcription of Palejtine, a Defcription
ofCW, aDcfcriptionof Etruria, which bethought was the firfl in-
habited Place in the Earth, and a Book of Cofmography. He died
in the Year 1 581, in the i lOth Year of his Age. Volfangus LasjiuSy
born at Vienna, and Phyfician to the Emperor Ferdinand, wrote a
Defcription of Greece, with a Commentary upon the Affairs of
Greece. He died I5<55* ' William Zylander, ProfefTor of Mathe-
matics at Heidelberg, born at Ausburg, tranflated Strabos Geogra-
phy. He died in the Year 1 576, in the 40 Year of his Age. And
Lafily, The famous Abraham Ortelius, born at Antwerp, and Geo-
arapher to Philip King of Spain, acquired ai> immenle Glory by
Kis Theatre of the Vniverje. He died in the Year 1598. And our
Author wrote his Compend, as wc have faid> in the Year 157(5, and
died in the Year 1601;
HUP.»tH This Gentleman was well feen in Philofophy, and all the Parts of
»rd ciui.- Mathematics, and of a mofl charitable Difpofition, having left all
*"' that he had acquired, to pious Ufcs. Vempfler, who was well ac-

quainted with him, having been his Mafter tor rhrce Years oxDowayt
as we have faid before, gives him a large Character, as a Perfon
of fin^ular Learning, great Probity, Candour, and Svvcetnefs of Dif^
pofition. JacohiisChynms, fays he, {a) nobjli familia Ainao'ia, Prope
Aberdoniam, oriundus, Parifiis docmt in Barbarano, tamo appiauju,

tit

(») i^ciD^lui, ubi Tuf i>.

Vol. III. and Pro/ejfor of Fhilofophy at Doway» a^(\

ut unicus habcretur qui inter [eculares^ focietatis patribus turn maxi:
mc forentibus, componeretur; Dusicipo fiea (^ Doiioris C5* Redforii rv>VcA
onus ftijlinuit ; ubt, ceu tutclare numen etiamnum celebratur ad ulti- w!v^
nmm^ Nervienfx Ecclefi& hodie Pxnitentiarius^ ingentes ^ opinione
mapres ccnftis relicjuity quos tefiamento^ Scotorum Lutetia: vtx bent
fmdato adfigna.njit CoUegio, fed fraude per Executores jatta, Varum
pio ufui accefsit. Hie ettam juventutem Thomse Dempfteri honellis
monitis, ad 'virtutem capeffendam accendit ^utor, ut Triennio Duaci
Jub/ijleret, cum juvenili impetu Parifios cogitaret. Vir erat magna
probttatCt ^ jucunda morum, fupra quam credi pofsit, fuai/itatc •
nujquam liberalise nifi cum piafubelfet caufa.

George Cony in his Book, Of the Two-feld State of Religion a-
mongfl the Scots, fays, That he was a Man of extraordinary Erudi-
tion and of great Prudence j and that by his many and fubtile Wri-
tings in Philofophy and Mathematics, he had acquired a great Re-
putation {a). His Words are, Jacobus Chyn£us, ^rnagi/t Baronis
Jrater, legum authoritati cedens, opem quam Scotis in patria ferrc
nequitt, in Gallia ^ Belgio naviter tulit. Adortuus efi I'ornaci, «-
bi ejus Eccleft£ magnus Poenitentiarius {ut njocant) diu fuerat^ bonis
ex ajje legatisDusLceno Scotorum Semirtario. Vtrfuit rar& erudttio-
nis, magrixque prudent i a, njariis, tarn in Philofophia quam in Ma-
thefh fubtilitef eleganterque fcriptis (^ public at is operibus nobilifsimrts.

Our Author lies buried in the Cathedral Church of Te«r«4v, ua-
der-a Marble Monument, with this Infcription;

D. O. M. S.

J^EM. Jacobi China:! Scotu I.V.D. hujus Ecclefi/t Caho-
nici ^ Panitent. (difcipuli quondam M. Joannis Henderfoni
Theologiy SchoU Aberdonenfis Pr£fe6liy Lutetiac, ad.D, Hilarii/^.
pulti) quiy hoc Jacello exornato, anniverfario fundato, ^ femina^
rio Scotico^A; ajje herede reliiioy obiit^ M DC II. viKalend' No-
vembris.

The Catalogue of his Works.

J. Tr\ E Sphxray Lib. 1. in ^vo, Duaci, 1 575.
II- J_V Be Sphxra, feu Clobt Ceeleftis fabrica, Duaci, in ^vo, 1 57 J.
III. De Ccographia, Ltb. 1. Duaci, in 8i;o, 1 57(5.
JV- Orationes l, de perfedo Philofophoy (^ de Pr/tdiaionibus A-
firologprumy Duaci, /«8'yo, 1577.

V. J^nalyjls f^ Scholia in ^n^koi. Lib. xiv., de prima five, Divirf 4
Philojophiay Dasidym^SvOy 1578, ^ Hanovia:, i(507.

VI. 'Jnaljffs in Phibjophtam Ariftoc Duaci,]i595,, )« g^'t^

'Z2ZZ2X THE

(<} Lik, t. P<s« I*;.

4<5o

Vol. 111.

An. I'So;.

THE

LIFE of The Right Reverend Father in
GOD, JAMES BEATON, Arch-
bifhop of Glafgow,

TH I S Reverend Prelate was a Son of the Laird
oi Balfour s in Fife; lie liad for his Grand-
Uncle "jamts Beaton, Arclibilhop of Si. y^nclrewsy
ChanccHour, and one of the Governours of
Scotland, in King James the V's Minority ) and
for his Uncle, David Beaton, Cardinal, Archbi-
fhop of St. Andrews, and Chancellour of Scotland, of whofe Life
«"ol««V. and Anions we have given a particular Account. While he was
very young, he was fent over by his Uncle the Cardinal to Prance^
where he was taught the BeUes Lettres and Philofophy, at the
H« enter. Univctfity of Parts, and at ToiHiers. Having learned his Philofo-
jntoHoiyOr- ^j^^^ ^^ applied himfclf to Theology, and entred into Holy Or-
ders; and in the Year 1545, the Cardinal refigned to him the
Abbacy oi of y^rl^roth, which he kept till the Year 1551 ; but upon
his Promotion to the Archbifhoprick of Glafgow, he refigned the
Abbacy of ^rhroth to Lord John Hamilton, Son to the Duke of
m.^Arch. Chatelherault. From France he went to Italy, where he was confe-
c'fc°"i crate Archbifhop of GUfgozv, Tit Rome, tho^ 18 of Auguft 1552.
'&^i!!W Having flayed tor feme Time at Rome, he returned to B-ance, and
from thence to Scotland. Upon his Arrival he found all Things
in great Diforder, and endeavoured as much as was in his Power
to redify fuch Abufes as he found in his own Diocefs, by frequent
Synods called for that End; neither was he defedive in concurring
with the other Prelates of the Nation, in the Methods that were
laid down for the Reforming of tiie Lives and Manners of the
Religious and Clergy.
Amb.flJ*oV Incite 1558, our learned Prelate was chofen by the Queen
"n^VhT "' ^^o''^^' ^""^ ^^^ three Eftates of Parliament, as the chief Perfon
Queeo-s in the Embaffy to France^ for tranfacfting of the Marriage betwixt
..^"upoVbu Queen Mary and the Dauphin of France, in which Negotiation,
*■""'"' he acquit himfelf with fuch Prudence, Conduct: and Succefs, that
upon nis Return he received the publick Thanks of the Eflatcs of
Parliament.
»».' u.'ndlJ In the Year 1559, '^^'^^ Reformers, or the Lords of the Congrc-
biiHouie. gation, as they called themfelves, having made a League with
England againft France, and depofed the Queen Regent ; becaufc
He |o«o- our Prelate would not join with them in thefe Rebellious Pra(5lices,
X'°e hTil they feiz'd on his Houfc and Revenues : And in the following Year,
rlL^fo^oi upon the Surrendring of the Town of Lett h, he was forced to fly
h^'sonK^nj to Froiice, where he remained with Queen Mary, till that unfortu-
7.m,i «h. j^^jg Piincefs, upon the Death of her Husband the King of franccy

was

Vol.111. n^eLt/eof JiiMES BEATON, See ^,

was obliged to return to Scotland; and knowing, tliat amongft all
her Subjects flie had none that was fo capable to ferve her in her
Affairs with the foreign Courts abroad, fhe left our learned Pre-
late her Ambaffador at the Court oi France, in which Station he
continued till her Death ; and King James VI. her Son, was fo
much convinced of his Fidelity to his Mother and Jiim, of his Af-
feftjon and Zeal for his Country, and of his Experience and Dexte-
rity in the Management of publick Affairs, that notwithftandina of his
being a Roman Cuboltck, he continued him in the fame Characflcr
conftituting him his Ambaffador at the Court of France, by new
Credentials, which were fent to him. And to enable him to fuftain
the Dignity of his Characfler, lie rcftored him to the Temporalities
of his Bifhoprick, and he continued in that Station till his Death
to the great Satisfaction of his Royal Mafter and all his Minifters of
State,' as appears from many of their Letters, ftill extant, to him

Demp/leridhus, That our learned Prclat left in Mfs. to be printed
after his Death, a Commentary upon the Books of the Kinas , a La. of"''^wo':iL
mentation upon the deplorable State of the Kingdom of Scotland • a
BookofControverfy againft the Sectarians; Obfervationsupon Cra-
turns Decrees; and a Colleaion of the Scots Proverbs • But I verv
much doubt if any of thefe were ever publifhed, excepting the Col
ledfion of the Scots Proverbs ; of which there have been ft veral Edi
tions, with Mr. Fergujfons Additions to them : The oldeft of wliich
that I have feen, is printed at Edmburgh, i6io, in iimo. Bcfides
thefe, there is in the to. College at Paris, die Letters, Papers
and Mci^Qirs of hi5 Negociations, bound up; in 14 Volumes m Fo-
Ito, beginning at the Year 1557, and continued to his Death In
this moft valuable Collection, we find an Account of all the Affairs
and Tranfadions in France, Scotland, and the other Foreicrn Courts
of Europe,- in relation to Qiicen Mary,' from her Marriarrg with the
Dauphin of France, till her Death. ^

Out learned and worthy Prelate died in his Lodgings at St. John H.ne.,H
de Later an, m Paris, upon the 28th Dav pf ^hr/7 1607 inch *'^*^*"
5ld Year of his Confecration ; of his Age, the 86th Year As his

^' xl n'^r^''" '•'ol'''"^^ -^V^P ^^^°^'^' "^ behalf of his Roy.
al Miftrefs Queen ^ary ,,and her Son James VI. fhew him to

have been one of the moft accomplifhed Statefmen of hij Aee • fo

cheir remaining ftill in Mfs. is one of the greatcftLoffes that' the

Republick of Letters can; Oiftaln, for the -clearing of the Hiftory of

thefe Times; for he faw SirKihas oi France, and wa^ AmbafTador

under five of their Reigns. ^ Andliow grear an Idea, ,n Reafon, muft

we form to our fclvcs, of a Perfon wh6 was the thief Manager in

fuch a Variety of, intricate Affairs as that unformnatePrincefs'^s Life

was involved in ; a Perfon, who manageci all the different Interefts

fo wifely and difcreotly, that lie ^ave no juft Ground of Complaint:

to any one that made therrAppfication to him; and not only the

Queen s own Sublets, but all the Princes Abroad had thVirRecourfc

to lum in all Things that cdnccrnedher^>Affeirs.-A'iid altho' the

A a a a a a ^^.

^^I Tl^eLt/e of JAMES BEATON, Vol. III.

Succefs was not fuch as could have been wifh'd for. Almighty Cod
/vArf^ intending to faniftifie that Princcfs by her SufTering.s ; yet Hie was
w«v»i" Co fennblc ot his Fidelity and Abilities, that by her Laft Will and
Teftament, and with her dying Breatli, fhe left him the chief Ma-
nager and Dilpofcr of her worldly Concerns, to the pious and cha-
ritable Purpofes fhe defigned them for. But that which gave the
greatcll Lurtre and Beauty to his Management, was that Care that
he took of the real Intereft of his Country amidft all the Cotitu-
flons oi a Civil War 5 and for which there are, amongft his Remains,
feveral Letters ot Thanks from the King, and from the whole Towns
and Corporations in Scotland. And indeed he defervcd no Icfs at
their Hands ; for he twice obtained the Renovation of their ancient
Riohts ill B\znce, by new Patents; firft, in the Year 1558, in hisl-m-
bafly for Queen Marys Marriage; and afterwards, from Henry IV.

in the Year 1 599-

But what mod concerns our prefent Purpofc and Defign is, That
he was not only a Man, of great Learning himfelf, but a great En-
coura^er of it in others; and this he did, not only by giving them
his be^ Advice in their Studies, and recommending tnem to the
Qiieen, and all tlie other Princes' and Ambaffadors whom he had
any Interell with ; but by aflifting them plentifully with Money out
oi his own Pocket, for profecuting of their Studies. And amongft
thefe who acknowledged publickly our learned Prelat's Adiftance
this way, were the two Blackwoods, the Lawyer and the Phyfician;
Mr. Ninian IVinz^et, Mr. Thomas Winter-hope, Mr. "John Hamilton,
Mr. oArchibald Htwilton, Mr. John fraz^r, Mr. Ja^nes Leith and
Mr. Thomas Biccarton. And here I cannot but inl'ert a very hand-
fom Epigram of Mr. Biccarton s, to this Purpore5 who, in dedica-
cating his Book of Bees to the Archbifhop, tells him, TW he has
not Gold to return him, for the Gold he had received from him ; but he
zuould return him what was much more valuable than either fewels or
Gold, which was hisVerfes -yfor Gold and precious Stones were tranfito-
ry and periJhingThings, but his Verfes zvould be of eternal 'Duration.

Ad Reverendiflimum in Chrifto Patrem, D. Jacobum Beatomm, Ar-
chiepifcopum Glafguenfem, JacobiY.ScotonimKeoisoti.\inatkim
in Galliis Oratorem.

QV J me tot meritis oUm cumulare folebas,
San6le Tater, vita luxque decufque men :
Non tute inqrato mihi munera tanta dedifli 5
Ingratos odi defufioque viros.
Semper agam, meritas haliturus pedorc grates,

Et memori condam munera mente tua.
Et licet a te ftm campis dijlradus (^ undis,

Jpfe tamen meriti Jum memor ufque tut.
Et licet argenti ftm vel paupenirfju-s aur't
Jpfe mets opibus carmtne grctm- cro.

Vol.111. ^rcUiJhop of GhCgow^ /^6j

Nofira igitur phcido jam refpice munera 'vultUy

Et ciipe niellificas (Candide PrccfuJ j apes : 7>vN#^

Vona quidem gemmis longe mdiora vel auro ; ^JtJ,^

Gemma, aurum pereunt, Carmina morte carent.
H^c tibi ftsordt, Ledtor, meliora dal>oqu€,

yirrijura am mo for/it an ilia tuo.

Befides our learned Prelate's Liberality and Protecfbion to all Scho-
lars, for wliicti lie was call'd The AUcenas of Scotland, lie made up
a Bibliorhec for the Scots Students at Tarts, of the beft Editions
of the moft valuable Books in all the Sciences, conHftin^ of above
(k)0 Volumes, moft of them all in Rlio. At his Death" he left to
the Scots College at Parts, all tiie Riches he had acquired by his
being Arclibifhop of C/^j^ozc;, Abbot of L^w/j in Po/V/om, Queftor
of St. Hilary, and Prior of St. Peter of Tontoyfe. All which Places
in France, he enjoyed by the Favour of his Royal Miftrefs Queen
e^ary.

Archbifhop Spotiftoood, fpeaking of our Author'? Death, fays,

* That the King being at 'Burleigh Houfe, near to Stamford, got

* Notice of his Death. This Man was defccnded of the Houfe of

* Balfour in Fife, and conlecrate Bifhop at Rome, in tlic Year 1551.

* And at the Time of the Reformation, forfooic his Country, out

* of the Hatred he bore to tho(e tiiat had a Hand in that Work,

* and carried with him all the Writs and Evidents of the See of

* Glafgow, with the VefTels and Ornaments of the Cathedral Church,

* Things of exceeding great Worth; for befides thefe of ordinary

* Ufe, there belonged to that Church the Image of our Saviour in

* beaten Gold, and the Pourtraits of the Twelve Apoftles, in Silver.

* The Queen returning from [ranee, did eflablifh him AmbafTador
' in thefe Parts for her Affairs. Under the Government of the.Re-

* gents, he was forfeited and deprived of his Living ; which, as wc
*'have fhewed before, was conferred upon Mr. fames Boyd of Troch-
' rig, and after him, went thro' divers Hands, till the King, at. his
*■ Majority, ' did reflore him to- his Dignity, Honour and Livin^^ ctri-
*■, ploying him likewife for his Ambaffador in France. A Man ho-

* nourably difpofed; faithful to the Queen whilft fhe lived, and to

* the Kuig her Son ; a Lover of his Country, and liberal,- accord-'

* ing to his Means,, to all his Countrymen. In his lafl Will he be-

* queathcd all his Means to pious Ufes, leaving, as 'twas faiii, Ten

* thoufand Crowns, for the Education of poor Scholars being Sa^J-
*wcn\iotn. The Evidents, Ornaments and Veffel of the See .of

* Gla(gow, he configned in the Hands of the Carthuftans in TariSi
'appointing the fame to be redelivered how Coon Glafgow fhoiild

* )t)ecoiiie Catholick.

, That the Archbifhop was ai trui and Zealous Son to the Church
p{ Rome, cannot be denied ; yea, fo zealous was he, that he bef^ow-
cd all tjiat he had in the World for maintaining fo many J'lO^/. Stu-
dents, wiio were obliged, when fully irtflfa<fted in thoPrincipldi and

A a a aa a % Do-

4^4 The Life of ] AMES BEATON, Vol. I j'f.

Docftrine of tlic Cluircli ot Rome, to go lionic Milfionarics to Scotland,
'^y^_ to convert the Proteftants : And fo fond was he of this Society, that
^^'^^^'^^ in one of his Letters to Queen Mary he tells her, That if it were
not for her Buflnefs, he would have retired himfclf from tlie World,
and lived amongft them. But that upon this Account, That he bore
a Hatred to any Man, as SpotifwooJ lays, is highly improbable, and
difl'ers from tlic Character that is civen him by all the Hidorians
of the Romijh Church ; who represent him as a Man full of Mcek-
nefs, Holincfs and Charity. And as for the Evidents and Orna-
ments of the Church, which he took alongfl: with him, I fhall give
the Reader a particular Account of them, as I Jiad it tranfmitted to
me from Paris.

'Tis to be obfcrved, that the Records of Churches were either
what belong'd properly to the Bilhop, containing his Rights, and the
Tithes of (uch Cluirches and Lands, as properly belong'd to the
fpifcopal Man(e, or what belong'd to the Chapter, and contain'd
their Riglits, Privileges and Titles: Of thefe belonging to the firft
Part, to wjt, what properly belonged to the Bifhop; they are wart-
ting for the mofl Part, till Robert the Bruce his Time, having been
deuroyed, as appears, during the long Pcrfecution and Imprifon-
ment of the Loyal Bifhop Wtpecirt, during Edward Langpank's
Invafion, who deftroyed the Houfcsj Writs, and all that belong'd
to that worthy Prelate; yet fome of thefe are ftill preferved in the
Cartlmjtans 21 Parts: But the Original Records of the Chapter are
much more intire, and contain 1 5 Charters of our Kings before
Robert the Bruce, whereof the Ancienteft is one of King David I.
in the Year 1 14.^. There are alfo 14 original Bulls of Popes, pre-
ceedina King Robert the Bruce's Time, whereof the ancientell is
one or Pope Alexander the III. in the Year 1172, being a very
large Parchment, containing a Confirmation of the Chapter's Right,
of the free Elcdlion of their Bifhops, of their antient Rites, and
Liturgy in Divine Service, [ecundum u[um Sarum, and of their other
Privileges and Rights, fubfcribed by the Pope and nine Cardinals:
The other Charters are of Bifhops, Abbots and Noblemen, where-
of there are above 50 Originals, with their Seals, all preceeding Ro-
bert the Bruce s, Reign; and during his Reign, and downwards,
there arc a great Number of Originals of all Sorts.

The Chartularies of Glafgow are two in Number, the largeft is
written in the Reign of ujlexander the II. and III. and all before
Robert the Bruce, except an Appendix of latter Pieces at the End,
written in the 1 5th Century, where there is alfo infert a fhort Chro-
nology of memorable Events happened in Scotland, beginning ac
Malcom the III. and St. Margaret's Marriage, in the Year of our Lord
1067, and ending in the Year 141 5, at which Time it was written.
The other Chartulary is written during the Reign oi Robert the IIL
or thereabout. There are alfo two Protocols, or Regiflers of the
Chapter oiGlaJgow, byCuthbert Simon their Notary, containing Ads
pad in the Chapter, and others regarding the Church and City of

Claf.

Vol. Ill Archbijhop of Glafgow. ^^^

Glafgowy from the Year 1499* till the Year 1541. AH thefe are

flill prefervcd, I'arcly in the Carthufians^ and partly in the Sms '^''^^

College at Farts. v^^nJ^S^*

As to the Statutes and old Reliquaries belonging to the Treafury
and which Spotifuood puts Co high a Value upon, before the Prior
of the drZ/j^yM^JWoiild accept of them, thev were all eftimate and
weighed by a Gold Smith, in Prefence of a ComiHary of the Chate-i
letor JulUceof PrtWj, of the Pridr of the C^rr/;«yJ"^w, oftheArch-
bifhop's, Executory Teftamentar and others, and an Autiienticic Adt
drawn thereupon, by publicic Authority, comaining each Statue,
and other Pieces of Silver Work by it felf, in particular, together
with it's Weight: As alfo the Prior's Proteftation bearin^r, That he
nieant not to engage himfeif or his SiJccefTors, to be anfwerablc
for them, further than to conferve them as a Depofition with all
poflible Care, and render them to wliom iney fhould belong j and
this Ad figned by all prefent flill remains, dated the z6th of Ju-
ly 160^, and thefe Statues, and the other Silver Work, which had
been thefe lOO Years bygone, crammed up in an old Chcft, when
broke, fome of them were in the Year 1709, more orderly placed
and at large with the ahcielnt Writs of Glcifgovj^ and the original
Writs and Titles of the Scots College, within the Treafury or
Charter-Houfe of the Carthnjians • and at the Transferring of them,
they were coUationate with tHe forefaid A<fl:, made in the Year l6oi
and found intirely agreeing thereto.

The Pieces ot moft Value are the following Statues, one of Sc
Mungo, weighing 8 Merks of Silver, one of St. Nicolas, valued at
30 Merks of Silver, one of the lyefle.d Virgin, and our Saviour in
her Arms, weighing nine Merks ot Silver, one of the Blefled Vir-
gin and St. Jo^«, weighing 8 Merks and 4 Ounces of Silver : The
reft confift in lefler Statdds. Reliquaries and CrofTes, and amongft
other Things, there is the ancient Seal of the Chapter of Glafmv
double, weighing one Merk and two Ounces of Silver; but as for
our Savioufjs Pidure in Gold, and the il Apoftles in Silver men-
tiond' in 5'p(j///ctW, they are neither mention'd in the Writs, or the
leaft Veftige of 'them amongft the Reliquaries; by which it plain-
ly appears. That the Bifhop was mifinformed in this Affair. George
Con, fpeaking of our Prelat, highly commends him for his Z^I
to the Roman Catholick Religion, and fays, That he left eicrluy
Thoufand Livres to the Scots Colleo[e. His Words are, '^

In his, VTAtcr landatos, frimas partes phi vindic at Jzcohns'&e.tomuSy
GhCu,ucnUs archtepifcopM ^ qui, nafcentt inScoi\zHAre/i, adolejcens
diu rejlitit. Ncque pu cauJA in Gallia, quo jolum vcrtere coad/u f/?,
defuft i nam dccerpta parte ex antiuis Sacerdotiorum qu£ pojsidebatt
Collegium alen(}ts Scous infiituit, dotavitque Parifiis, oCluagmtanifaL
lor, /.//'r<7r«wGallicarum millibiu. Hie nullis promifsis aut rationibw
induct potuit, ut Ecclefu fux jura aut titulum in hdreticum hominem
Aer^vari (^ transfern pateretur; cujus adrhiniflrationem, unofupra
auinquaginta annos, omni conatufibi vindicavit: ^^oritnt vcrd »'-

Bbbbbb \i^

4tf<5 The Life of JAMES BEATON, Vol. III.

niverfarn EccUftdjlicam ftipeUed^filem, apud Patres T). Brunoni<;, dtpo-
f^f^ po/iii jure, reliqmt, cum Catholica fde, hrevi, ut ipje aniwo concipic-
"^^^ ht, Glafgoam tranjfortandam.

As for our Prelate's Legacy to the Scots College at Tarts., the
Matter of fa(fl is as follows : After the Death of Patrick Hepburn,
the laft Popifh Bifhop of Murray, in the Year 1573, ^'^e Care of
this Foundation, as of all the Scots Students in Parts, devolved on
the Archbifhop o^Glafgow; who, both by the Pcnflons he procured
for them from the Queen, and by his own Liberality, did confidc-
rably augment their Number : And amorgfl others, he obtained a
Pcnfion for Mr. Thomas Winterhope, who had the Care of the Scots
foundation, in the Year 1 580- The moft part of tlie Popifh Bifhops
bemg then dead, our Archbifhop obtained a Bull from Pope Crr^ory
XIU. whereby a Licence was given to theStudentsof the ScotsCol-
le^e at Paris, to receive Holy Oiders from the Bifhops of Paris or
Meaux, without DimifTorials from their Diocefuns.

Upon the Death of Queen Miry, the Students being deprived of
her Alhftance, and our Prelate being reduc'd himfelf to great Straits,
their Numbers were confiderably diminifhed, and remained in that
Condition till our Archbifhop's Death ; at which Time our Prelar,
for the Encouragement of Learning amongfl his Countrymen, left
by Teftament all that he had in France, confifting in a Houfe, his
Moveables, and fomc Debts owing him, towards the Settling in the
Univerfity of Paris a new Foundation of Scots Students, of whatfo-
ever Dioccfs they were, found fit for any Preference, except of thofe
that bore the Name of Beaton, defcended of the Houfe of 'Balfour
in Fife, wlio were, ceteris paribus, to be preferred : And for the Ad-
miflion of Maflers and Students, "the Hearing Accompts, and whole
Government ; he left the Prior of the Carthuftans at Pans, during
their Time, fole Superiors for all Times coming. This Foundation,
according to the Archbifhop's Intentions, was afterwards incorpo-
rate by publick Authority, and united to the ancient College of Gri-
ft; and both together, by tlie Defignation of Tlje Scots College of
Parts, have ever fince remained under the Diredfion of the Car-
thujlans.

The Meafures that our Prelat took in this Foundation, was one
of the lafl A(5fions of his Life, which happened juft after he had re-
ceived the News of King James's Acceffion to the Throne of Eng-
land, which the King acquainted him of by a Letter he wrote to
him in his Journey from Tork ; but it did not arrive till after the
Archbiihop's Death: Which, as we have faid, happened the 25th
of j4pril, i60j, in his own Lodgings at St. John de Lateran in Pa-
ris ; where his Body was interred, within a Leaden Coffin, in the
Bleffed Virgin's Chapel, hard by the Altar : And over his Body was
ereded a Marble Monument, with his Bufl and Epitaph. His Fu-
neral Sermon, which was afterwards printed, was preached by Mr.
Peter Coyer, Dodor of Theology, and ProfefTor Royal of the Orien-
tal Languages, before the Pope's Nuncio, feveral Bifhops, and a

great

p

v<v^

VoK III. jirchbijho^ of Qhi^ovj. ^^

great many Pcrfons of Quality. The Infcription upon his Tomb is

as tollovvs : /svA.^

) Rdful ^ Orator fuerat, qui maximpu orbis
u^tate hac, parvo marmore contegitur.
Gluinquaginta unum Praful tranjegerat annoSy
^jtadraginta duos Regia jujfa jubii.
Sex rjtdit Eeges Gallorum, quinque (ecutuf

Orator ; tatri& profuit ujque Jua.
EJl voto fru^us, Scotos, Anglofque fub uno

Vnius Scoti njiderat imperio.
Illud reftabat, "voluit quod utrofque fub unum

Divm£ legis mittier imperium.
G^uodque fuum cupiit Regem 'venerarier, ^ mors

Fertur in hoc uno practpitajje jenem.
lUe oratorum, quos Scotia [ola fuperbos
Mitttt ad Heroas, ultimus extiterat,:
Vltimus iliorum quos magna 'Qmznnidi' fcuiti
Sedfa txturbavit dcvia^ Ptdful erat-

Many other Epitaphs and Poems were compofed inPraifeof ont
Prelat, by the moft eminent Wits of that Age ; but I (hall conclude
this Account of his Life with the following Epigrams, compofed
by Joannes Cejfdus a Frenchman.

Haenix prifca novat Phariac miracula terrA,
Soltus /Egypti nam loca fola colit :
u4t tu Scotorum decus ^ pars maxima^ Pr/efulj
Vnus es e muitis quem loca multa colunt.

The Catalogue of his Works.

I. XiVr Libros Regum Comment aria, Mfi.
JL II. Deploratto Regni Scotise, Mfs.
III. Controverfis. contra Se6iariosy Mfs.

IV. Jn Decretum Gratiani ObJervationeSy Mfs,

V. The Scots Proverbsy in iimoy i6i^ and in divers other Tears.

VI. Letters and Memoirs of State ^ffairsy in Mis. in i (^Volumes in
Folio, preferred in the Scots College at Paris; beginning at the Tear
I557j» ^"^ continued till his Death.

P

Bbbbbb I THE

468

Vol. IIL
THE

Life oiWILlAM BARCLAT, Doaor
of the Laws, and Profeflbr of the Civil Law
at Afjgers.

HIS Gentleman was dcfccnded from an Ancient
and Honourable Family in the Shire of uiherdeen,
and was related to a great many noble Families («),
as his Bore-brief, granted by King James VI. bears,
"''r.^e'sc ^^^L. ^^ ^^^^ hoxn in the Shiie ot Aberdeen^ in the Year

Educ.i.on. oF our Lord 1541. In his younger Years he was

engaged in the Service of Queen Mary, and fpent the moft of his
Fortune at Court; but being btv^ught up in the Popifh Religion, and
HeBo.,0- the ReformatioH prevailing in Scotland, he went over to France :
"hVreheXl And havlng entirely neglecfted to improve tlvofc natural Parts with
diesibeUw. ^i^jch he was endued, he applied himfelf to the 'Belles Lettres, tho'
he was then in tlie 30th Year of his Age ; and by a conflant and fe-
dulous Application, in a few Years he became eminent for his
Knowledge, not only in them but in Philofophy, and in the Laws,
which he ftudied at Bourges, ' under the famous Cujacius, under
whom he received his Degree of DocHror in die Civil and Canon
Law.

Mr. Edwond Hay his own Countryman, and a famous /f/w/V,
( of whom wc fhart have Occafion afterwards to fpcak ) having
great Credit with the Duke of Lorrnin, wiio had newly founded
the Univerflty of Font-amoHJJon., got him efbblifhed ProfefTor of
the Civil Law there ; and the Duke finding him to be a Perfon
of great Wifdom and Integrity, he made him one of his Counfel-
lors, and Mafter of Requefts to his Hofpital, in the Year 1581:
He married jinna de Mallaville, who bore to him John Barclay,
the famous Author of the Argents : His Son had no fooner at-
tain'd to a competent Age, but Mr,' Hay and the reft of the fefu-
itis at Pont-amouj]on, who had been his great Patrons, would needs
have him enter his Son in their Society 5 but our Author oppofing
this, and having abfolutely refufed them that Favour, they never
refted, till they brought him in Difgracc with the Duke of Lor-
rain.

Xing James the VI. having invited all the learned Men of his
Country that were abroad to England, defigning to give them
Places in his own Dominions, according to their Merit, and there-
by to endeavour to gain them over to the Communion of the
HegtMo- Church of England: Our Autlior came overamongfl the reft, and
/«V°whe« was highly careflcd by King James, who offered to fettle a confide-
F^oiTr^wuh ^^^^ Penfion upon him, to make him ProfclTor of the Civil Law,
the K,o£. in fome of the Univcrfities, and one of his Privy Counfellors, if he

would

(•) S«e Moiiei/ and fiail't OiQioniiiet ; Demfllcr, Lib. a. P. i ig.

Vol. III. The Ltfe of VJ nil AM BARCLAY, ^c. 4^5,

would declare himfclf 0/ the Communion of the Church oF Eng-
land; and inany were in Hopes that he would be aain'd over, be- r*^^^>^
caufe he published a Book, wherein he vindicates the Power ot ^^v^
Kings, from the unjuft Pretenfions and Encroachments of the See
of RoMC ; but thefe Hopes and Expedations proved v»in and ill
grounded, for when our Author found, that he could expcdl no
Encoui-agement in England without renouncing his Religion, he
rctnrn'd to France, in the Beginning of the Year 1(^04. And' not Her.turm
long after his Landing, he was made ProfeHbr of tiie Laws at the \°Jr2i>
Univerfity of Angers, where he went every Diy to School, atten- ^S"' *'
ded by a Servant, who went bare-headed before him, he himfelf ha-
ving a rich Robe lined with Ermine, the Train of wiiich was fup-
ported by two Servants, and his Son upon his Right Hand, and
there hung about his Neck a great Chain of Gold, witii a Medal
of Cold, with his own Pidure; but it Teems, that this his extrava-
gant Pride and Vanity, reduced him to great Poverty in his old
Aoc, if wc may believe Dempjier.

^This learned Gentleman has obliged the Publick, with a Book AnAccount
upon the Autlionty ot the Pope, and how far his Jurifdidlion ex- '^'"•''""^
tends oyer Secular Princes: This has been fcveral Times printed in
Latin, and tranflated into Englijh, and publiilied at London in 161 1,
in 4/0.

In the Year 1^05, he publifhed at Paris a Commentarv upon
that Title ot the Panders, de rebus credttis ^ de jure mrando In
the Year i(5oo, he publifhed a moft learned Defence of the Recral"
or Monarchical Government, againft Buchannan, Brutus, Bucherus
and all other Amimonarchical Writers, in 6 Books : And for the
Reader's Satisfadion, I fhall give fbme of our Author's Obfervati-
ons, and Anfwers to Buchannan s Ubjedfions. Buchannan, in his
Book, de j^ire regni apud Scotos, lays down this Pofltion,' as' the
Ground-work ot all his Performances, That the Scots Kings have
no Power, but what is granted them by the People reprefented in
Parliament ; and that it is in the Power of every private Man to
call .them to an Account of their Adions. Our Author {hzws the
Fal^ihood of this from the Cpnflitution of our Monarchy, which
is hereditary, and not ele^ivc, as he endeavours moft 'falfly and
maliciouily to reprefcnt it. And all the Inflances^hat Buchannan
brings from pur Hiftory, to prove that our Kings were called in.
fo Queflion, and punifhed for their Mal-adminiftration, are foun-
ded upon Rebellions, and the Kaions of the Ufurpers of the Re-
gal Authority, whom he has all along induftrioufly endeavoured
to reprefcnt as our lawful Kings : Befides, fays our Author it is
well known how many palpable Lies and Falfhoods Buchannan
wrote, in the latter Part of his Hiftory, againft Q^ueen Mary and
lier Son, to render him an Author of no Credit or Veracity:

Buchannan takes it for granted, That all Kings were chof^en at
firfl by t.icix People, and confequently, that they are anfwerable to
%\Kil People for their Adminiftration. Our Author, in Anfwer to

Gccccc this.

470 The Ltfe of VflLLl AM BARCLAY, Vol. I If.

this, fays, (a) That tlie People are only employed by (lOD, for
f^fy"^^ eftabllfhing ot Kings over them, and that they derive their Aiitho-
C{*S^ rltv folely from Him ; and this he does, either by his Theocracy,
or by a Patriarclial Right, granted to Adam and his Dcfcendants,
and alway^in the Sacied Writ, he claims this as his fole Prcroga-'
tivc : Tims I Sam- Chapter xv, Verfe 18. Samuel fays to Saul,
The Lord hath rent the kingdom of Jfrael from thee this day, and
hath ginjen it to a neighbour of thine\ that is better than thou. So
GOD fpeaking bv me Propliet Nathan to David, fays, 1 Sam.
xii. 7. Thus J'aith the Lord Cod ofljraet, J anointed thee king ovet'
Jfrael : And lus Son Solomon i\)txde a grateful Acknowledgment, as
holding his Kingdom only of the LORD GOD of Jfrael; and thd
Queen o( Sheba told him, i ICingSj x. o. That becaufe the Lord loved
Jfrael for ever, therefore made he thee king to do judgment and ju flic c.
And when Solomon turiaed his Heart from thfeLord, he was minded
of his Holding his Kingdom of God only, and not of the People;
and that as he had given the Kingdom to him, fo he would take
it from him. Chap. xi. 7. Wherefore the Lord ^aid unto Solomon, Rr
as much as this is done of thee, and thou hafl not kept my covenant
and my fiatutes which J have commanded thee, I will jure ly rend the
kingdom from thee, and will give it to thy fervant. And in the 14th
Chapter he tells Jeroboam, Solomon's Succeffor, Verfe y ScB. That
he had exalted him amongfl the people, and made him prince over JJ-
rael- By all which (fays our Author) and many other Paffages of
Scripture, it appears, that God alfumes it as his peculiar Prerogative,
to have the fole Power over Kings, and the Difpofing of their King-
doms ; and for the People to claim it as belonging to them, is a
blafphemous Prefumption : And therefore God, through the whole
facred Scriptures, commands and requires our Subjedtion to them,
he being the fole Lord and K^ing of the Univerfe, to whom they arc
only accountable. And this, David, a Man according to God's own
Heart, acknowledged in the following Words, in the Prcfence of all
his People, i Chron. xxix, 10. And David f aid, iBlejJed be thou.
Lord God of Jfrael-, our Father, for ever and ever : Thine, O Lord,
is the greatnefs, and the power, and the glory, and the vi£lory, and
the majefly ; for all that ts in the heaven and in the earth, is thine :
it belongs to thee to reign, O Lord; and thou art exalted above all:
both riches and honours come of thee, and thou ir eigne fi over alii and
in thine hand is poiver and might, and in thine hand ft is to make great
and to give ftren^th unto all: Now therefore, ■ we thank thee, and
praife thy glorious name. And this Empire of God is eternal; and
therefore he is called in th^ Apocalypfe, The King of ages. It is ab-
folute; and therefore the Author of the Book of iVtjdom, rightly
obferves. Chap. xii. V. I2, For who pall fay. What ha fi thou done ?
or who /hall withfland thy judgment ? or who jhall accufe thee for
the nations that perifl], whom thou haft made ? And we find that
God exerced vifibly by himfelf this his Empire over the Sons of

Men,

Vol. III. T)oaor of the Laws, and Trofejfor of the Laio at Angers. 47/

Men from tlie Beginning of the [World ; for then he was, and ftiif
is, not only their Creator, but their King. He gave un^o o/idam, 'VV^
Cen. iii. fucli a Precept ashepleafed, and told him the Puniflimenc ^4f>\^
he was to undergo if he broke it. And when he broke that Com-
mand, he baniflied him from his Prefence ; that is to fay, he de-
dared to him, That by his Difobedience he had brought himfelf
under the Bondage of Sin, and all the terrible Confequences of it,'
Cod likewife declared himfelf vifibly in favours of yil;el and his Sa-
crifice, againft Cain, Gen. iv. 4, $, 6, 9, 10. He reproved Cain for
his Jealoufy ; and when he had killed his Brother ^l;el, he calls
him in Judgment before him, interrogates him, pafTes Sentence up-
on him , and that none might prefume to punifh him but himfelf
he declares, V. 1 5, Tljat zvhojoever Jlayeth Cain, 'vengeance fhall bt
taken on him Jeven-fold. And he gives him a Kind of a Safeguard
to protedi him j for the Lord Jet a mark upon him, lefi any finding
him, Jhoiild kill him.

All which are Fundions of a vifible Empire. And after this we find
God giving Laws to Noah and his Children, Cen. xi. 5, 6 7. He
difcharges them from eating of Blood, from committing pf Murder,
and orders, them to people the Earth. In the fame manner we find
him conducfting and inftrudting Abraham, Ifaac and Jacob. He
cxercifed publickly his Sovereign Empire over his People in the De-
fert ; for he was their Kinir, their Legiflator, and their Condu(5lor i
He gave them the vifible Sign of tlieir Encampments and I)ecamp-
ments, and their Orders, both in War and Peace. And this Theo-
cracy continued vifibly under Jo/hua and the Judges : God fent
them, and eftablifhed them over the People ; therefore, when the
Men of Ifrael faid unto Gideon, fudges, Ch. viii. V. II, i2, Jiule
thou over us, both thou and thy [on, and thy Jons fan alfo ; for thoH
haft delivered us from the hand of Midian. (lAnd Gideon faid un-
to them, I will not rule over you ; neither fhall my Jon rule over you :
the Lord fhall rule over you, for it is he that eftablifhes kings, Je
was he that caufed anoint Saul and 7)avid, by the Hand of Xj-
muel. He eftabli(hed the Kingdom in the Houfc of David; and
therefore in the Scriptures, the Throne of the Kings of Ifrael, is
called Hjc throne of God. Thus 'tis faid in die ifl of the Chroniclesy
Chap. xxix. ij. Then Solomon fat on the throne of the Lord as king^
in (lead of David his father, and prof pered; and all Ifrael obeyed him^
From all wiiich it evidently appears, That fhe Government of th^
Jews was a Theocracy, and that all their Kings had their Poweyr
from God, and not from the People ; and they were only anfwcr-
ablc to God for what they did. And all the Inftances brought
from die Old Tcftament, by the Antimonarchical Writers in fa-*
Vours of the Power of the People, are nothing but mere Dclufions
and Sophifms ; fincc the Government of the Jews, as we have
(aid, was » Theocracy, under rhe immedja^c infp(e(^ion and Di-
fcdtion of God Almighty. ' And if we taJcc a View, pf the Paternal
prJ^atiiwdbil ilight granted by God to ^iam and his Defcendant?,

Ccccccx we

47i The Life of WILLIAM ^AKCL AY, Vol.111.

wc fl^ail fintf, That as it was the fir(t and the beH: Govcrnmcnr, Co
f>>'^^^^ the DifoWning ofit is what God has fevercly punifhcd, fometimcs
^y^^ ifi'tKis Life, and enjoined us to obfcrve, under the fevcrert Threat-
pip^'s Jind Denunciations of his Wrath.

•fliat the' Paternal or Patriarchal Government was thd /irft that
was eftablilhcd, is clear from the facred Scriptures; for at the Cre-
ation of the World, Gen. iii. i6. God Jatd to Eve, fa.nd in her, to
all Women) ' ilhU her dejire fwuld be to her hushand, cind that he
Jhonld r^ule over her. And the firll'Child that aAdanihvid, who
was Cam, Eve ("aid, Gen. iv. r. / hdve gotten a man from the Lord :
"Bywhicli we fee, that the Children are born in Subjecflion to their
Parents; for fince that Child was born in Subjedion to his Mother,
he was much more to the Father, to whom, by the Cornmand of
God, the Alotiier was (libjed:ed : Both of them were blcfled with
the Child from God, and borh of tiiem had an abfoluce Empire
?nd Command over him j God having put in our Parents, as be-
'\x\" in fome manner the Authors of our Life, an Image of the Pow-
er, by which he docs whatever pleafes him. He hkcwifc tranfmit-
ted unto them an Image of the Power that he has over his Crea-
tures: For which Reafon, in tl;e Decalogue, Exod. xx. il. after that
we", are commanded to adore and worfhip God only,' it is faid, Ho-
mtir thy father and thy mother, that thy days may be long upon the
land which the Lord thy God giveth thee. And this Command i^
6nly a Confequence of that Obedience which we owe to God, who
is our Heavenly Father. By all which it plainly appears, That the
firft Idea that Men had of Authority and Government, mufl: needs
have arifen from this Paternal Power. 'Tis plain likewife, from the
Scripture, That this Paternal Government continued from yidam to
Moah; for it is not to be doubted, but that all the Time that ^-
dam lived, Seth, whom God had given him in place of ^bel, with
his whole Family, rendrcd an abiolute Obedience to himj and as
CainwsLS the firft who tranfgreiTed the Law of Nature, by murde-
ring his Brother, fo he was the firft who lived not under the Pater-
nal. Government, being obliged, for his Crime, to live in a City by
himfelf : And yet it would appear, that he likewife would have the
Paternal Government obferved, from his giving his Son's Name to
the City that he had built. The reft of Mankind lived in their pri-
mitive Simplicity, having no other Law or Government but the
Will of their Parents, and the ancient Cuftoms of their family;
And after tiie Deluge, this was the Government over the whole
Earth ; for it appears not only from the Scriptures, but from Homer,
Jufiin and other Heathea Authors, that in the moft early Ages of
the World, there was an infinite Number of little Kings, or Gover-
nours of Families, infomuch, that in that fmall Tra(5b of Ground
that the Jews conquered, there were no lefs than 33 Kings, and as
their Families increafed, fo did their Kingdoms. And this was the
State of our Fergufian Family, when they firft planted themfelves in
Scotland; and it we take an impartial WiQ\y of the firft Government

of

Afl. t«Of.

Vol. III. ^odor of the Laws, and Trofejjor of the Law at Angers. 4,72

of all Nations, we fhall find it was thus. Thus the Romans were
firft: governed hy Kings, betore; they formed themferves unto a Re- ;>*^-n
public ; and it was but of late and by Degrees, that the Grecians ^
formed themfelves into Republics : And we learn from Homer
that Monarchy was their ancient Government, and all the Repub-
lics that arc now exifting, were at firft: under a Kingly Govern-
ment ; the SwitZjcrs. were fubjecfl to the Princes of the Houfe of
^li/Iria, the Hollanders and United Provinces, are but Rebels to
tlie Houfes of Spain and Burgundy ; the free Towns of Germany
had each of them their particular Lords or Mafters, who were all
fubjecfl to the Emperor. The Cities oUtaly, who eredled themfelves
into Republics in the Time of the Emperor Rodulphus, brouehc
all ot them their Liberty from him : Yea, even the Republic of
Fenice itfclf was at firft under this Paternal Government, and fub-
ject to the Empire, under the Reign of Chartemain, and for a long
Time after ; and it is not very long fince it was formed into that
Republican State that it is now in. All the World then was at firfl
governed by a Monarchy, that was hereditary, and by Succeftioil
from Father to Son ; and as this was the firfl Government of the
World, fo it was certainly the beft, fince ic is the moft natural
and perpetuats it felf after the fame Manner, that Mankind is to
be perpetuated to the End of the World. And David inhUs upon
this, when fpeakin^ unto the Lord he fays. 1 Sam. vii. 18, 19.
Wf}0 am I, O Lord God, and ivhat is my houfe, that thou ha fi^
i>roH?ht me hitherto? And this was yet a [mail things in thy Sight, 6
Lord God, iut thou hafijpokcn al[o ofthyfervanis houfe, for a rreat
■while to <;ome, and is the law of man, O Lord God; or, as the Vul-
gar has it, is this the Law of Adam; as if he had faid, this is the
natural Way that lias been obferved from the Bcginnin<» of the
World, that the Fathers fhould fucceed to the Son. Another
Reafon which makes this Government of an Hereditary Succeffion
better tlian any other Sorts of Government, is, that as it excludes
all Intriguing Caballs, which never fail to end in Anarchy anid Con-
f ufion, lo the liitereft of the Prince, by this Means, becomes fo inter-
woven with that of the People, that the Prince, when heisadlingfor
the Good of his State, is at the fame Tirpe a(fling for the Good of
his Children and Family ; and the Love that he bears for his Pe6pie,
being blended with that which he bears co his own Children and
Family, becomes natural to him : And as this Government was the
firft and is the beft of all Governments, To it is the Govcrnt^cnt
that the Law of Nature and the Law of God requires an abfolute
Submiffion to: The Law of Nature requires a Submi/fion to trie
Commands and Will of our Parents; and a lawfijl hereditary Mo-
narchy fuch as ours is, is nothing but \\\q paternal Authority pf tJio
Fergtifian Family, diftributc4 into many fmall Branches,- who cnjby
all their Honours ahd Privileges fropfi that Race of AJonaichs
which in a Hereditary Succeflfion has continued ovei; us for man?
Hundreds c'f ITears. '

Dddddd jind

474 T^e ti/* o/' WILLI AM BARCLAY, Vol. II f.

And to fuch a Monarchy and Gbvernmertt as this, the facrcd
f>,/^^> Scriptures likewife require our abfolutc Submifffon and Obedience :
v^^/^' Thus St. Paul, having told us, Tijat they are the minivers of God;
and that they that reftfl them, ^all receive unto themjehes damna-
tion, concludes, Rom xiii. 5. Wherefore you wuft needs be juhjedfy
not only for v.rath, but alfofor conscience fake. And the fame Xj)o-
Ale, in his Epiflle to tlie tfhefians, Ch. vi. V. 5, 6. enjoins us to
fervethem, not with eye-j^^vice, as men-pleajers ; but as the fervants
of Chrijl, doifig the will of God from the heart, And in his Hpirtlc
to the Cdlofs'ians, Ch. iii. V. 21, 23, 24. he fays. Servants, obey
iff all things your majlers according to the fiejh, not with eye-fervicey
as fntn-fleafers; but in finglenejs of heart, fearing God:- ^yind
zdhatfoever ye do, do it heartily, as to the Lord, and not unto men;
knowing that of the Lord ye Jhall receive tht reward of the inheri-
ifTiice, for ye ferve the Lord Chrif. Now, if the Apoftle (peaks
thus of Servitude, which is a State againft Nature ; what ought wc
to think of the Subjedlion that we owe to the Fathers of our Coun-
try ? For which caufe St. Peter fays, i Pet. Ch. ii. V. 13, 14. Sub-
mii ytiur felves to every ordinance of man, for the Lord's Jake; whe-
ther it be to the king, as fupreme -, or unto governors, as unto them
that are fent by him for the punijhment of evil doers, and for the praife
of them that do well : Yea, and when they do not acquit thenifelves
as they ought, of their Office and their Miniftry, yet wc are com-
manded to obey them; for fays he, V. 18, Servants be (ubjett to
your majlers lotth all fear, not only to the good and gentle, but alfo to
the froward. So that the Refpe^ and Obedience that we owe to
OUT Native Prince, is a Religious Duty; and we cannot ferve God
a-right, without being dutiful to our Prince ; And therefore, in the
lythVerfe, the Apoftle joins thefe two together, fear Cod, and ho-
nour the king : Yea, God himfelf has imprinted upon Princes fome-
what of a Divinity that requires our Relpecff to them. Thus God
fays, by tlie Mouth of David, J have Jatd, Tou are gods, and all of
you are children of the mofl High ; but ye fhall die like men, Pfal.
Ixxxii. 6, 7. And upon this Account it is that the Servants of God,
in the facred Scriptures, fwear by the Health and Life of their Kings,
as being a divine and facred Thing : Thus Vriah, fpeaking to 2)^-
yid, 1 Sam. Ch. xi. V. 11. yis thou livejl, and as thy foul live tb^
J wilt not do this thing. ■ Yea tho* they were Heathen Princes, it was
the fame thing ; for thus we find fofeph fwearing by the Life of
Pharaoh, Gen. xlii. 15, 16. By the life of Pharaoh, you fiall not go
forth hence, except jour youngejl brother come kit her; or clfe, 'By the
life of Pharaoh, jurely ye are fpies. And Rabbi £ben Ezj^a tells
us (fl), That amongft the Egyptians in his Days, and he lived a-
bout the Year 1170, (at which Time jEgypt was governed by Ca-
lifs) if one had fworn by the King's Head, and was found for-
fworn, he was fubjeft to capital Punifhment; neither could he re-
deem the GuUt for his Weight in Gold. And when (faith he) Jf

mael

U) la Dculog.

Vol. III. Do^or of the Laws, and Profejjoh of the Lazvt at Angers. 4.7 j

niael (a) the firft Sophi, got the P'irfiati Empire, no Oath amongft
them was fo greats as to (wear by his Head; ' And Confiantin Her*
ynenopolui informs us (I;), That in the Empire, when Heathen, the
Puni(hment for this Perjury was Fujligatioy orBaftinading; and whilft
the Officers beat the Offender, they ufed this formal Admonition,
Swear not ra/hly ! But if the Perjury was committed againft God
and his Name, there was no Punifhment, bccaufe they fuppofed
God would fufficiently revenge his own Caufe, and the Abufe offe-
red to his Deity. And long after Chriflianity Was received in the
Empire, this Divinity in Princes was acknowledged, as wc find in the
Codes; v/Uerc Nojira Dtvinit as, Nojlra Perennitas, Nofira ^ter-
nitas, DivinA Foots Ordculum, andf fuch like, frequently occurr.
And 'Themtjtius, in an OratJon (c) to Theodojlus the Emperor, fays,
' * Lately in the Commonwealth CAjar gave you the Title of Divi-

* ntty, not CCaith he) becaufe you have Store of Gold, or that you

* have Diadems ana rich Cloaths; but becaufe only God and the

* Emperor have Power to grant a Man his Life '. And Divus tmpe-
rator is generally ufcd for the Emperor, by Jujiinian (d) and others;
and Divalia Sane it a, (ot the Imperial Conjittutions. From all which
it evidently appears, That amongfl the Jews, Heathens, Chrtjiiant
and Mahometans, there was a Sanlfitas Return, as Jutiw Cajar calls
it an Jmprejsion of the Divine Nature in all rightful Kirigs and
princes, -to which we ought to have a fpccial Regard. And the
primitive Chriftians, as we learn from their Writings, were bright
Examples of that Subjeilion and Obedience that we owe to out
lawful Sovereigns. Thus Tertuliian, in his apology for the Chri»
Jlians, fays, in Name of them all, ^ • We fwear not by the Genius's

* of the C&[ars, but by their Life and by their Safety, which is more

* auguft than all your Genius's ; for do you not know that your Ge-

* nius's are Daemons i* But we that have a Regard to the Choice and

* Will of God, that has appointed them to rule over us, we refpedt

* in them that Authority wiiich God has put in them, and which

* we inviolably obferve as facrcd '. And a little after he fays, ' What

* fhall 1 fay more of our Religion and Piety for the Emperor ? whom

* we rcfped as. one whom God has made choice of; fo that he is

* more ours tlian yours, fince it is our God that has cflablifhed

* him '. And how beautifully does he defcribc the Condition and
Religion of the Chriflians in this Point, in the foUowintr Words. '

' Befides the publick Order by which we arc profecutcd, how ma-

* ny Times have the People attacked us with Stones, and put fir©

* to our Houfes, amidfl the Fury of their Bacchanalian Feafls ? Yea,'

* the Chriftians are not fo much as fparcd after their Deaths, for
f they are dragged firom their Graves, and not fufFcred to refl ih

* that Afylum for the Dead : And yet, what Vengeance receive you

* from thefe Perfons, lo cruelly created .' And could wc not, with

* a few Torches fee fire to your City, if ainongft us it were lawful

Dddddd^ to

U. _:i • I ■ ■■ .il: I..-

(«) J^uDcUu. MufTuln. Hil. LiW. it. (i) Oil. <a. B«£I. HcmcsopDl. Epic. Scfi. y Til. ). (c) Ontione <. (^Tit^
it 4oa«i. iaut tiiaa U ■loftm. L. Uim, i^. rU« u <i AiuiCMUitadf &«rabljci, L. 7. C*p. 4. P. 470k OH. i< '

The Lift o/WlLLIAM BAKOl^AYt Voi. ill-

* to. requite Evil for Evil ? And were we to,a(5t as dcclar'd Enemies

* againll you, could wcbe deficient! in fuffkient Troops or Armies ?
»-^V^ ' No, not the a^oori, c^arcorhans and Tay^thians themfelves who

* arc confined within their own LiitlitSj are fo numerous as wc arc,

* who areTpread over the whole Earth. Ic is not lonj* fince weap-
» pcared in the World, and already wc have filled your Cities,
» your llles, your AlTcfnblies, yourCaftles, your Plains, your Tribes,
Vyour Cohorts, your Palaces, your Senat, your Plcading-pIaccs, and

* all your public Places, fave your Temples, whicli wc leave to

* your fclves. What for a War could we not raife againft you, be-

* ing fo far in Numbers above you; We ,who endure fo refolutcly

* Death it (elf, were it not that we are taught and enjoined, rathci;
' to futfer Death our felves than to kill our Enemies r Yea, with-
' out talcing up hrnis, or riling in Rebellion, we could be revengect

* on you, by abandoning you ; By wliich means, your Silence and
' Solitude would become a Terror to you, your Cities would ap-
' pear defi^lare ; and amidfl; your Empire, you would be at a lofs
' to find whom to command ; for you would find more Enemies a-

* mongft you than Citizens : For at prefent you have but few Enc-
' mies, becaufe of the prodigious Multitudes of Chriftians ; fo that

* by cutting us off, yoU cut your felves ofE Br our Means you

* have an infinite Number of People> I will hot fay, that prays for

* you, bccaule you will not believe it, but from whom you may ex-
' ped no Harm '. And having told, That amongft the feveral At^
tempts that have been made againfl the Lives of their Emperors,
there never was a Chriftian found to have a Hand in them, notwith-
{landing of all tiie Cruelties and Severities that were ufed againft
them, he concludes, * We never made any Attempt againft them;

* for thefe whofe Adions are regulated by God, ought not only to

* attempt nothing againft their Sovereigns, but their Neighbours:
' And we behave with the fame harmlefs Innoccncy towards the

* Emperor, as towards our Neighbour ; for we are equally com-

* manded, neither to fay, do, or will any Sort of Evil to any Perfon

* whatfomevcr : And what is not lawful for us to do againft any Per-

* fon, is mucli more unlawful againft the Emperor, whom God has

* honoured widi that Dignity.

The Reader will find in our Author a great many other Paffages
to this Purpofe, from the Fathers of the primitive Church, with the
Anfwers to all Buchannaris Obie(5lions againft the Regal Power:
Which we ftiall more particularly infift upon in the Life of Adam
Blctckwood.

Tiie Learned are not agreed about the Year of ouf Author's
tcblSa"l! Death i fome placing it in the Year i6o$. others, in i6o^. others,
in i6i I. But all of them arc agreed, that he was one or the lear-
nedft Lawyers in his Age; for by his Works it appears, that he was
not only well fcen in the Civil and Canon Law, but likewife in the
Greek and Latm Languages, in Civil and Ecclefiaftic Hiftory, and
in 3.U the otiier Parts of polite Learning. Several Poems were com-

pofed

Vol. III. Voiior of the Laws, and ProfeJJor of the Laws at Angers. 477

pofed upon him, both whilft he was alive and after hrs Death, by

the learned Men of that Age : But I (hall onlv infert one compofed Tuf^,

by his Son, becaufe it has a Relation to feveral Particulars of his Life. ^^^^^

Ad Illuftrem fama ac genere virum, Guliel-
mum Barclaium^ parentem dulciflimum.

Mu4^ne parens, quern ne Pt^ra qu^cunque Jub ^r^o
jiflra nitent, tmx credat fiat tone teneri
Q^undff^, ah iquoreis jufsit Rrtuna Britannis;
Externa mtgrare Job, Lotharifque fuh oris
PulchrA Caledonix conjungere fiemmata jam*.
Nondum lucifero curfum temone peregit
Phoebus, (f omniferum coitt revoluttu in annum,
Ex quo me, Patris cingens mitijsimtu ulnis,
Fovifii gremio, et qua per fufptria tranfit
InftidiJH animam ; cum me vencranda benigni
Princtpis ad patrios revocarent jujja Britannos.
Et m'lhi jam longo te jam mihi JacuU curfu
Invidijje puto. "^luoties me dulcis imago
Solid tat, blandoque trahit prdcordia motu ?
G^A mihi, cum prima t tiler am de luce falutem.
Verba dahas; qua, cum pofi Jera cubilia fotis,
Sobria jungebat UtM conviiria Vefper :
Nunc redeunt, dulcique animos carpuntque fo'ventqut
AUoquio , quam'vis tot is nos carulis undis
Divtdat, et furdis Nerms interfirepat undis.
At tu, fiu placidam curis [ubducere mitam,
Et canos mtilcerejuvat, fejjoquefub £'vo,
Laude frui, atque aSios Utus reminijceris Annos^
Seu placet ajfueto, mttltum deduccre Campo ;
Clua te Janiia Tloemis, qua te mens ardua raptUfH
Jmpulit, C^ merits monjtravit primia famA :
Nunc certe 'virefque Parens, prtmamque, Sene^am
Jncufas, quod te patriis proctn amove t oris
Vebtlis, €5* nofiras rjetat heu invijere terras!
Et tibi quod terris, patria quod o amplius auray
Jacobi negat or a tibi : Plus ora cupita
Nempe tibi, quam Sidonius Uta aflra viderct
Optajjet vates, trepidnm cum pulfa reliquit
Corpus, (^ in [an6tum fufritlux abdita mentem.
Si tanten hie tumidum, fifors transmittere pontum
Te jubc4t, rt4rfu[que tuos lufirare Britannos,
Non vires, non te.jpatium pontiquefolique
Terreat, atque omni [patio crudelius dvum.
O genitor, deffle queri, Jatis ille Juperquc
Approhat ingenium, corpufque excuJ4t ^ anffes,

£ e e e e •

478 77^^Z^/co/ WILLIAM BARCLAY, Vol. III.

*r« mo Jo feu Juices humanis Andibus agros^
f^^^ Seu colts Auflrafiam, qu4 multo colle Molella

s^^VN/ Vtttfer tnjerpens, aeprejfos egertt amnes

Pane tih, neu cajfa labor jam membra fatiget
j4mflius &: meritis indulge mitior j4nmt^
Jpfe velis natoque tuam fervare Jene^am,
Confortiijtie tu& primis quam junxit ab Annis
Ficlus Hymen, qua te toties dixere beatum^
Conjuge, qui tamo toties dixere marito,
Auurafias inter felicem banc ejfe puellas.
Si mores probitafque placent j Jipr/tmia virtus
u4ccipit, Jnachiam facilis, Ledamque, Europamque^
O non invtdeas fuperis, unarnque quod ultra
^If^odfacis, Aterms obferves ignibus Annam
HACt tua feu placidi Jlnuarunt Carbafa venti^
Seu fremuere unda, gemuitque exterrita pinusy
Ftda comes J'emper lateriy colloque pependitf
'Dulce onus, atque animum nmlo deje^a timore ejf-

Falices, O quot patitur per j&cula 'vitam
AfTyrius rh&nix^ fenii quia t^dia tandem
Jgnibus, et nimios nil territus exuit uinnosi
'lithono quot diva dedit^ quA lumine Solem
uidvocat, aut vates Phabum Cumaa popofcity
Tot fobis dent Jponte DeA, queis jura Jcveri
Stammis, &c nunquam •vivaci membra fene£fa
Fxoptent lajpita mori. Si 'vivere certe efi-,
Dum nomen virtujque manent, dum fama JuperJitSf
Omnia perpetua vtncetis JAcula vita.
Tempus ertt quum vos prono veneratus honor e
uimpledar, tangamque manus, atque ofcula figam.

uunc ego de charis orjtu, narrare Britannis
Tunc refer am quid Reitor agat ; quam front e ienigna
Dtgnetur famulos, ^ miti temperet ore
Fortunam, quam pulchra genas, quam lumina fanHoy
cy^dajefiate nitens, nojlri matrona tonantis ;
Qjiam tener, (^ parvis dudum maturior annisy
Crefcat in attomti Princeps miracula Mundi.

The Catalogue of his Works.

I- "TX^ Potejiate Pap Ay an ^ quatenus m Regts ^ Pr'mcipes Se-

%^ culares jus ^ imperittm habeat : Francof. l6o^y i6i^y

1611. Hannoviae, idil, in ^vo. (f Lond. in Englilh,

161 1, in ^to. Muflipcnti, 1610, in 8w. (^ Paxifiis, idoo, in ^0.

llTfe

Vol. III. 'Dodor ofthe Laivsj and TrofeJJor of the Law at Angers. 479

Ad, iji).

II. De Regno £5* Recall Pote/fate, adverfm Buchananum, Brutunt^ rv/\-ri
Boucher turn, (^ relio^ms t^onarchomachos : Paris, 160O) /«4ro. ^j^^
Hannoviac, 161 1, in ^vo.

III. Comment, in Tit. Pande£larum de rebus creditis C$* dejurtjuran-
^0. Paris, 1(^05, in^vo.

THE

LIFE of HENRY BLACI{lVOOV,
Dodor of Medicin, and Dean of Faculty
to the College of Phyficians at Taris.

HENRT BLACKWOOD, Brother to the famous ^";'^'j^
Adam Blackwood, was born at Bumfermlin in the diSluia. '
Shire of Ftfe, and had his Education at the Univer-
fity of St. Andrews ; where after he had finifhed
the Courfe of his Studies in the Belles Lettres and
Philofophy, he was fent over to Parts by his Uncle,
the Reverend Father in God, Robert Reid Bifliop of Orhiey ; where,
Dempjler {a) tells us, he taught Philofophy in this Univerfity in
the Year 1551- and for which he appeals to the A<5ls of this Uni-
verfity. But applying himfelf to the Study of Medicin, he was proftffoT'.t*
created Dodfoi of Medicin in this Univerfity j and being incorpo- ^^rltu^Ji'
rated one of the Members of the College of Phyficians at Paris^ "•^'*'°"
for his great Learning and eminent Parts, he was at length honou-
red with the Dignity of Dean of Faculty. Now, that the Reader
may know how great an Honour this was to our Author^ I fhall
tranflate, from tlie famous Mr. Patin, who was Dean of Faculty
himlelf, their Method and Manner of Procedure.

♦ He is (fays he (b) (peaking of the Dean) Mafter of all the Bat- „, „ „j,
< chelors that' are upon their Trials. He regulates the Difcipline of f^' °^ *;;^

* the Schools. He keeps all our Regifters, which are above 500 c«'Jg.^£
» Years Standing. He keeps the two Seals of the Faculty. He re- «'•'"•

* ccives our Revenue, and gives in the Account of it to us. He

* fi'Mis and approves all the Thcfes. He regulates the Precedency

* of all theDodors, according to their (evcral Stations. He con-

* veens the Faculty whenever he pleafes ; and without his Confcnt ,
' or an Order from the Court or Parliament, they cannot meet.

* He examines, with the Four Examinators, at the rigorous T/ial

* of all the Intrants, which continues for a whole Week. He is one

* of the Three Deans that, with the Redor, governs the whole U^

* niverfity ; and is one of thofe who elefts them. He has double

* of either of their Revenues, and which fometimes extends to a cbn-

E e c e e e 1 ' fiderablc

— ^ — ■ II . .

it) HtL tnUl. Lib. ft. 0; Vn. 4;. Tow I.

480 T7;«L//> o/ HENRY BLACKWOOD, M.D. Vol. I If.

* fiderablc Sum. He has a great Charge upon him, much Honour,
'^-'^ ' and a canrtant Huiry of Bullnefs. He is Sohcitor to all the Pro-
vK/*^ • ceffcs ot the Taculty, and is allowed to plead in the Great Cham-

* bcr before the Advocate General, as the dcceafl Mr. Ve h Vtpit

* did in the Year \6\\^ againll the Garrelttr. The Charge is higii-

* ly honourable, but very troublefom : And any defcrvinc Pcrlon
' tnat merits the Place, may efteem himfeU happy when he is not
' chofcn; the Ceremony of which is performed after this Manner.

' All the Faculty being a(rembled'y^foVj/z^r//r«/o, the Dean that
' is to dimit his Charge, returns to the Faculty his Acknowledgilient
' of the great Honour that they had put upon him, and that they

* may proceed to make choice of another in his Place. Then the

* Rolls are call'd, and all the prefent Dodors marked; for none
' of the Abfciu can be chofen. All thefc having laid tl)eir Billets
' upon the Table, the Half of them is taken and put in a Hac ; and

* this is called The Great Banc. Our Number at tiiis Day is 112.
' fo that 56 is put in the Hat of the eldefl Dodlors: When the el-

* deft Docftoi" ("who is at this Time Mr. Riolan) has ("ufiRciently jum-

* bled and mixed thefc Billets through other in the Hat, the Dean

* that is to dimit, takes three Billets out of the Hat, or Great Bancy
' fucceffively, and two out of the Le\](rBanc, that the Number may

* be unequal : So that by this means there are Pive Docftors that
' cannot be eledlcd that Day, but they are the tiediors. Thefe

* Five Ele(ftors having taken the Oatii of Fidelity to the whole Fa-

* culty, they are clofed up in the Chapel, where they make choice

* of Three of thofc they think moft worthy for bearing of that Charge,

* Two out of the Great "Banc, and one out of the Lelfer : Thefc three

* Billets being put in a Hat, the Dean, with an out-ftretched Arm,

* puts his Hand nuo the Hat, and the firft he takes out is the Dean.

By all this, as I have faid, it appears how much our Author was
refpefled and- honoured by the Faculty of Phyficians at Paris. Ac
what Time he was firft admitted to be 1)ean of Faculty, I know not j
but by Mr. de Launj's Hiftory of the College of Navarre^ I find
him in this Station, with the other Members of the Univerfity of
Varis^ taking an Oath of Allegiance to King Henrj IV. -of France^
in the Year 1 594, {a).

About this Time there happened a Controverfy amongft the Phy-
ficians at Rome^ concerning Blood-letting, in what Difeafe it ought
to be admitted, and in what, not. The Generality of them \yerc
Followers of Erajlfiratus, a Grecian Phyfician, who was born in the
Ifland ot.Cea, or Ceosy about the 151 Olympiad, or the 5714 Year
of th.e World, in the Reign of Ttohr/ty Philadclphus King of ./£-
£yP^ (^) ' ^vlio, according to the Conjeflurc of Mr. Le Clerc, gave
nim an Hundred Talehts,\ 'or two Hundred and forty Thouland
French Livres, for curing j4ntiochus furnamed The God, who had
cfpoufed Bernice the.Daugliterof Ptolomy. This.famous Phyfician,
according to Galen (c), andifor which he cites Straton, one of his

moft

(«) Ad An. IJJ4. (4) ViJe M. Le Gkic, HiQ. de Medicint, Lib. i.< Ch. ». P.ii i. (c) De Ven. SeS. jdvetfui £f. C :.

Vol. III. and Dean of faculty to the College ofThy/tcians at Paris. <^iii

mofl: celebrated Difciples, difcharged Blooding in all Manner of
Difeafes : And the i?/?w^« Phyficians, as we have faid, for the mod 5>jA^>
part following tliis Pra(ftice, they were vigoroufly oppofed by Jo-, «^v<»ii
(ebhusTedander (a), in a Book which he wrote upon this Subjcd::
Upon which the Difpure increafing betwixt them, an Appeal was H.i„„od..
made to the Faculty of Phyficians at Taris ; who, by our Author, aVAn;::
their Dean, declared in favours of Tedander : And ever fincc, this ,Vg"^'"*-
Pratfticc of plentiful Bleeding in snoft Difeafes, has continued a-
mongft tl'.e Phyficians at Parts:

Our Author was likewife, upon the Account of his eminent Parts
and Knowledge in Medicin, made Phyfician to the Duke oi Longue- p"fi['J^*t*
fuille. witli an annual Salary of Two Hundred Piftoles : And during '•"= f>"i«« <*
the Peftilonce at Paris^ he never removed out or the City, and was
fo fuccelsful in his Practice amongft them, that he gained the uni-
verfal Applaufe and Efleem of all Ranks and Degrees of People.

His Works, as they are fetdown by Dempfter (b\ are, Aceoam of

A Commentary upon Anftotles Logics.
A Comparifon betwixt Philofophy and Medicin.
Twelve Books upon the Lives of the moft famous Phyficians. All
thefe (fays he) he publifhed in \\\s own Time, and left in Mfs. be-
hind liim. ,

Animadverfions upon all Galen's Works. Some of Hippocrates^s
Works compared with ancient Mfs. and tranflated into Latin. Of
chefe we have the three Books of Prognoflics, publifhed zt Parti by
John Lihert, in 1615, in 1410.

A Commentary upon Alexander Tralianuss Works, a Grecian
Piiyfician, who was a great Oppofer of Galen, and flourifhed under
the Emperors Arcadius and Honor ius -, and whofe Works were pub-
lifticd in Greek and Latin z.t Bafil, 16^6, in S'uo.

A Commentary upon feveral Difficulties in Pliny s Natural Hiflory.
Bcfides all thefe mentioned by Vempfler, he lias publifhed a Me-
dicinal DjlTertation concerning the right \j(t of Mineral Waters.

Of all thefe 1 have only fcen pur Author's Edition of Hippocra-
tes s Book of Prognoftics : And fince this Book has been, and is flill
eflcemed as Hippocrates s Mafler-picce, I fhall giVe the Reader an
Account of it; by which he will not only fee how much the Phy-
ficians have been obliged to this great Man and to our Author, buc
the World in general, for his e:(CcllcntObfcrvations concerning the
Prognoflics of dying Pcrfons.

The "rear Reputation that Hippocrates has in the World, is prin-
cipally owing to his accurate Cb(ervations, even as to the minutefl
Circumflanccs of fick and dying Perfons; And by this means he noc
only acquired the Knowledge of diflinguifliing the Difeafes from
one another, by Signs that are particular to each of them ; but
likcwile he acquired a Habit, by comparing the fame Difeafes that
different Perfons are fubjedt to, and the Accidents that ordinarily
nrecccd and follow them : I fay, by this means he acquired an Ha-
^ Fftfff bi^

Via« UixUo. lte»»»«c. r. }ix. (i) Dcmrl. Hifl. Ec<UC C««. Scot, Ub. 1.

481 The Life of HEl^KY BLACK WOOD, c;^: />. Vol. J 1 1.

bitudc of foreccUing the Difcafes before they happened, and to dt?-"
r-^-^ terminc, to the outmoft F.xadlnels, what the Event or Succef"? would
wA^ be. And he himfclf telk us (a), That he was the firfl Phyfician
who had laid down the Method of telling their Patients what would
befal them during the whole Courfe of their Sickncfs. And as Mr.
/> Clcn obfcrves (h), no doubt it was upon this that he formed
this excellent Obfcrvation (r), Tiiat a Phyfician who, upon the
Si"ns that he obfcrves in a Difeafe, tells his Patient all tlut has
happened to him, and what will daily happen to him; and alter
the Information, if the Patient is capable of tellirfg him what he
has omitted, and of telling or predi(5ling to him wh.u the Event
will be, he cannot fail of acquiring the Reputation of knowing per-
fedlly well the State of his Patient: And altho' it be not always in
his Power to favc his Life, yet by predi(5fing or foretelling him what
is to happen, he faves his Reputation, let the Event be what it will.
Now, altho' thcfe Signs and Predications are fcattered over all his
Works, yet they arc more particularly colle(5led in his Book of yf-
pborifms, and his mofl excellent Book of Prognofiics : And altho*
his Tngnojlics^xc of mofl excellent Ufe in the mofl of all ourDif^
cafes'; yet fuch is the Modefly of our Author, that he tells his Rea-
ders, that they mull not depend upon tliem as infallible.

The firfl Thing Hippocrates obferved in acute Difeafes, was the
fick Perfon's Countenance. Now according to him, a Perfon that has
fuch a Vifage, or fuch a Countenance as he had in perfedl Health,
it is a good Sign ; ' But when a flck Perfon has a fharp Nofe, his

♦ Eyes funk, hollow Temples, riis Ears cold and drawn back, the

* Skin of his Forehead hard, flretched and dry, and his Countenance
*' of a Leadifh Colour, then we may fay Death is approaching, or
' at leaft, that his Strength is entirely exhaufled; this is what tlie

• Phyficians call Hippocrates his Face. To which he adds clfcwhere,
' coid and hanging Lips.

As to their Eyes, when the Patient cannot endure the Light,
when he tears involuntarly, when parr of the White of the Eye is
cxpofed, when he flceps (unlefs it was his Cuflom to be fo when
in Health ) and when they are glazed, all thefe are bad Omens,
or at leafl of a great Weaknefs. The Eyes fparkling, fixed or wan-
dring, is a Sign of a prcfent or approaching Delirium; when the
Patient perceives fomething red, or Fire-fparks flying before his
Eyes, it is a Sign of an approaching Hemoragy or Lofs of Blood j.
and this commonly happens before a Crifis that is obtained by
this Means.

As to the Poflure of the Patient when in Bed, if he lies upon
one Side, with his Neck, Arms and Legs a little drawn in, as Pet-
Tons in Health ordinarly do, it is a good Sign ; to the contrary,
if the Patient lyes on his Back, with his Arms extended and Legs;
hanging, it is a Sign of a great Weakncfs ; but if the Patient flides

do\rn

{fy lik. I. de Dku fub PiUcp. (*) Hitt. dc U Medicine, i P-t. Lib. J. Ouf. «. CO Lib. Pr»otugo m pimcip.

VoJ. III. and Dean of Faculty to the College of Phyficians at Paris. 48 J

down with his Body towards his Feet, it is the Sign of the Weight
of liis Body, and of approaching Death : When the Patient lies u-
pon his Belly, contrary to his Cuftom, it is either a Sign that he
lias a Pain in his Belly, or of an approaching Delirium.

In a burning Fever, when the Patient is conftantly grippinf^
the Cloaths with his Hands, or plucking off with his Fingers, as
ii there were fomething upon his Bed-cloaths, it is a mortal Sign.

As to the Signs of Deliriums or Rovings, when the Patient that
naturally fpeaks little, becomes talkative, or the Patient that is na-
turally talkative, becomes filent, in both it is a certain Sign either
of a prefent or an approaching Delirium; the Rovings upon
fad and lugubrious Sub)e(5ls are much more dangerous than thofe
that run upon chearful Subjedls, the Starting of the Tendons and
long Watchings in Acute Difeafes, are Signs of an approaching
Delirium.

As to the Refpirations of the Patients, it was much obfcrved, and
depended upon by Hippocrates, who enumerates a great many dif-
ferent Sorts of them, from whicli he draws his different Progno-
flicks ; but it is fufficicnt for my Dcfign to acquaint the Reader,
that a frequent and forced Rcfpiration is a certain Sign that the
Patient is pained, or that there is an Inflammation of the Parts be-
below the Diaphragm i and that a long Refpiration is a Sign 06
an approaching Delirium, but a natural and free Rcfpiration is al-
ways a good Sign in all acute Difeafes.

Hippocrates likeuife infifts very much upon all the different
Qualities of tlic Excrements that are voided by our Bodies, that is
to fay, upon their Colour, Smell and Confidence, the extraordina-
ry Alterations tiiat liappen to them; and as to their Heat, Cold-
nefs, Sharpnefs, (S^c. as well as in Relation to tlieir Quantity, to
the Places from whence they are evacuated, to the Time of their
Duration, , and to the Manner and other Circumflances of theic
Eva,cuation i but he mainly infifls upon the grofs Excrements, on
which we fliall give fome few of his Obfervations. The Urine of a
fick Perfo.n that has a good Sediment, that is to fay, the grofs Pare
of which falls to the Bottom, and -is white, equal and uniform,
and remains fo during the Indifpofitibn of the Patient, is a Sign
that he is in no Danger, but will recover his former State of
Health: And this is what he calls a Sign of a good Digeftion of
the Humours, and he obferves, that this Digeftion never happens
bat upon the Days of the Crifis that terminate the Difeafe ; for
fays he, we arc to compare the Urine to the Matter of Ulcers, for
the Matter that proceeds from an Ulcer, if it be white and like the
Sediment of the above mentioned Urine, it is a Sign that the Ul-
4;er will cure j but if the Matter be clear, or of any other Colour
|han.whitQ. aod has a bad Smell, it is a Sign that the Ulcer ismalig-
j)ant, and confcquently not cafily cured : In the fame Manner all
the Urines, as they'more or lefs approach to what is above menti-
oned, aip the Q)ore or lefs to be depended uponi an4 the more

ffffffl that

"^ The Ltfe of HEN KY BLACKWOOD, M. D. Vol. Ill

that they are icmoveJ from this Digeflion, the more they prog-
j^-*^ nofticatc the Cruchcies of the Humours and of the Urines; of this
^^v^ laft Sort the belt arc thofe that are the Redilh of a fweetand equal
Sediment; and they prognofticate, that the Difcafe will be of a
longer continuance, but without any Danger, the worft arc thefe
that arc very red, and at the fame Time clear, and without any
Sediment or tliick, and perturbed, when rendrcd by the Patient
in Urines : There is likewi(e fometimcs obfcrved a Cloud, which
in the Urinals or Glalfcs in which the Urines are, ftands fufpen-
ded, and the more that this Cloud is fufpended from tlie Bottom,
or dirtercnt from the Colour that the Sediment fhould be of, tlie
more it prognolticats the Crudity of the Humours. The Urines
that are white and clear as Water is likewife the Sign of a great
Crudity, and lometimcs of aTransfcrrence of the Bile to the Brain.
Thofe that are yellow prognofticate a Prevalency of Bile. Thofe
that are black are the worfe, and particularly if they have a fetid
Smell, or that they are altogether perturbed, or altogether clear.
Thofe that have a grofs Sediment, like Meal, or like Scales, or like
thin Plates of Matter, are all of a bad Omen, efpecially the lad
two ; and by them the Phyflcian may judge of the bad Difpoficion
of the Patient's Reins or Bladder, when a fat or oylous Subftance
floats above the Urine, forming a Cover like a Spider's Webb,
it prognofticats a Confumpcion of the Fle(hy and folid Parts.
When the Patient voids a great deal of Urine, it is a Sign of a
Crifis. HipfocKiites likewile compares the Difpoficion of the
Tongue to that of the Urines. Thus for Example, when the Tongue
is yellow and overcharged with Bile, the Urine fhould be of the
fame Colour; and on the contrary, when the Tongue is vermili-
on and humid, the Urine ought to have its natural Colour.

As to the Excrements, if they befoft, yellowifh, of a good Con-
liftance, and without any extraordinary Stink, and that the Quan-
tity be anfwerable to the Nourifhment that the fick Perfon takes,
and that they are voided at the due Hours, it is a Sign of the good
State of the Patient's Health or Recovery : If the Matter be liquid,
it may afford great Eafe to the Patient, provided it be not voided
with too great a Noife, in fmall Quantities, and too frequently, or
in too great Abundance, or fo often as to make the Patient faint-
ifh. All Excrements that are watcrifh, whitifh, of a pale grecnifh
Colour, red, frothy or (limy, are bad; but thofe that arc black,
greafy, livid, or of the Colour of Verdegreafe, are the worft of all:
But when they are entirely black, which is nothing elfe but the
voiding of the Black Bile, is always the Prognoftic of great Danger-
for whenever that Humour is voided, it prognofticatcs the bad State
of the Patient's Intrails. Excrements of diverfe Colours are not on-
ly bad, but prognofticate the Duration of the Difeafc. Thofe that
arebloodv, yellow, and full of Bile, greenifli and black; thofe that
are like the inner Coat of the Guts, and thofe that are altogether
bilous or pituit, arc all of them bad.

As

Vol. lU. and Dean of Faculty to the College of Phyftctans at Paris. 485

As to Vomiting; it" the Matter be mix'd with Bile and Pituit, ic
is good ; but if it be altogether Pituit, or altogether Bile, it is bad: r>,i<s^
Thofc that are black, livid oi' green, arc all of them dartgerotis. i^J^
The Vomiting of Blood proves often morsi mortal, as does like-
wife of livid Matter with a fetid Smell.

As to the Defluxion or Spittle that's voided by fick Perfons ; if
they be eafily expedtorated, and without Difficulty, tho' at firft yel-
lowilh, there's no Danger: But if they continue long of that Co-
lour after the Commencement of the bifeafe, or that they ate red,
or that they arc faltifh or fharp, and caufe a great Cough, they are
not good J and tho(e that ire altogether yellow, are dangerous;
thofc that are white, touoh and frothy, give no manner of Eafc to
the Patient : And altho' tiie Whitenefs of "the Spittle be a good Si^^n
of the Godlion or Digeftion of the Humours, yet they fllould not be
too vifcid, too thick, or too clear. And the Tdilie Judgment may
be formed of the Excrements of the Nofe, in telation to their Co-
dlion and Crudity i Thofc that aie green, black or red, are very
troublefom in the Inflammation of the Lungs ; Thofe that appear
firft mixt with Bile and Blood, are of no Danger; but if it comes
not till the 7th Day, it prognoAicates great Danger. But theworfl
of all is, when the Defluxion is detained, and by the Quantity of
the Matter that Nature would have dvacUatcd, it caufes a Rattling
and Noife in the Throat and the fireaft, a Spitting of Blood, fol-
lowed with an ulceroijs Matter, and is an inflexible Sign of a De-
cay, and of approaching Death;

As to the Sweatings of fick I^erfons ; thofe that come upon the
critical Days, that are plentiful, and over the whole Body, aind that
abate the Fever, afe good and fafe, and prognoflicate the Pati-
ent's Rfecov6ry. Cold Sweats arc bad in all acute Feavers; but in
others, it only prognofticates the Duration of the Difeafe. When
the Patient only fweats in the Head dnd Neck, it is a Sign that the
Difeafe will be long and dangerous. An Ephidfofc, or a flight
Moifturc of a Sweat, either upon the Head or Bread, affords noi
muoncr of Relief to the Patient ; but it prognofticates the Scat of
the Difeafd, and the Weaknefsof the Part*

As to the CoUcdion of airy ulcerous Matter in any Part of the
Body; as long as it is a-formin^^ thci Patient is pain'd, and the Fe-
ver continues, and does not cdafe till the Matter be throughly ri-
pened : And we have above given an Account of the good and bad
Signs of the Codliorl of this Matter, when fpeaking of Urines.

As to the Hypoconders and Belly; when they are hard, unequal,
and elevated or too much raifed, or that the Patient cannot fuf-
fer them to be touched, 'tis a Sign that thelntrals afe in a badDif^
pofition, unlefs there be an external Infilammation.

As to the Pulfe, or Beating of the Arteries; Galen (a) anJ fome
Modern Grecians have affirmed, That this is the only Part of Me-
dicin that this ancient Phyfician did not take notice ot > yet the

G g g g g g ____ ^^^^

48(5 The Life of HENRY BLACKWOOD, M. D. Vol. III.

fame Calcn (n) in another Place, favs, Tlut lie was the Hrfl I'liyfl-
cian that made ufc ot the Word Pulfe in the Scnfc that it is ordina-
rily ufed in, that is to fay, for the ordinary and natural Beating oi
the Arteries ; tor it is to be obfcrved, That Hippocrates and the an-
cient Phyficians, lor the mofl part, underftood by this Word, the
extraordinary PuKation, or violent Beating that is found or percei-
ved in the inflamed Part, without the Application of the 1-ingcrs:
.Yer, as Mr. Le Clerc has obferved (c) from the Writings of Jhppo*
crates, he has fcveral Precepts upon this Subjed; as when he (ay<j
(d\ In very acnte Rwrs, the Tulfe is wry frequent. And in the
fame Place, wlicn he mentions Jloiv nnd trembling Puljes. And
when he obferves, in fpeaking of the jluor albm in Women, Tlmt a
Pulfe that is fo weak and feeble^ as to be hardly difcernable to the f in-
fers, is a Si^n of an approaching T)eath. And in his Edition of Hip-
pocratess Prognoftics he obferves, Tiiat in Lethargic People the Pulfe
iS flow and lingering. And in his Book {e) of Epiuemic Diieafes, he
fays, l^at zvhen the Cubital Vein or Jrtery beats Jlrongejl, 'tis a Sign
that the Patient is inclined to be furious, or that he is 'very much in-
clined to be choleric and pajsionate.

Now, by all thefe Padages it plainly appears, That Hippocratei
was not altogether ignorant of the Signs ot the Pulfe : But \t muft
be acknowledged, that he did not depend upon them I'o muchj as
on the other Signs mentioned by them ; for he does not reduce
them under certain Precepts and Heads, as he does the refl: of the
Si<;ns, as appears from his Book of Epidemic Difeajes, which is a
Kmd onoumul, wherein he fets down a great many Hiftories of
Direa(cs,*'and his Method of curing them ; and wherein he takes no
Notice of the State of the Pulfes. But as Mr. Le Clerc obferves.
This probably proceeded hom his Obfervation of the different Dc-
erees ot Heat and Cold that he obferved in his feverifh Patients, or
from tneir Inquietudes or Refpirations; in the laft of which he was
very particular. And this may fuffice to give tlie Reader a general
Idea of this Book which our Author publifhed, compared with the
befl Mf"- ^nd which has been fo highly valued by all the Phy/ici-
ans that have flourifhed fmce Hippocrates'^ Time, and upon which
the- Moderns iiave made vaft Improvements, by a great many o-
ther additional Prognodics; and efpecially upon that of the Pui(e,
in which he was dcfecffive. And amongfl all the Moderns \iiio
have wrote upon this Subjed, there is none who has writ with fuch
Accuracy and Exadfnefs as the famous Profper yilpinas, Profelfor at
Padua, in his excellent Book, De prxfagienda njita (^ morte A^rc-
t ant mm, &'c. firft Printed at Venice, in i6oi, in /^to.

By Vempjlers Account of our Author, he could not but have
been very old when he died; for if he was Profeffor of Philolophy
in the Univerfity of Taris in the Year 1551, 'tis but reafonable to
think that at lead he was 10 Years ; and if he died in the Year

161^

(t) Dc differ, ec se». Pilf. CO Hift.do Medic, l Part. L. 3. Chip. 6, i. 153. (W) Epideia. Lib. ^ (») Fpi-
jts. Lib. a.

Vol. III. 487

iCJiJ, or K^H) as he fays, he muft have been ^Z or 83 Years
of Age.

The Catalogue of his Works*

I. "fir W Organtim yirijlotelis Comynentana, Lib. I.
X II- CoUatio Medictm at que Philojophix, Lib. I.
III. Dc darts cy^edicis, Lib. XII.

IV. jinimad'verfiones in omnes Galeni Libros^ Lib. I.

V. Hippocratis cjumAam cum Mfs. collata, Lib. I.
Amongft thefe was publiflied, ,

ilippocratis Cot Prognojticorum, Libri tres, cum Latiita Interpre-
tationit ad 'veterum exempUrium fdem emendati ^ recogniti^
Parifiis) 4/7«^ Johan Libert. i<5i5, /» 4/0.

VI. In ^k:iiandrt*m Trallicinum, Lib. I.

VII. Locorum quorundam Plinii Bxplicatib, Lib. I.

Vlil. ^AJiio Medica, in Scholis Medicorum Pari fen fium agitata,
An 'vtfceribftj nutritiis Afiuantibtu aquarum metaUtcarum pottu
falubris f in {^0^ Parifiis.

THE

Life of AVAM BLACI{WOOV, Pro.
feffor of the Civil Law at ToiCtiers.

AT>qJM BLACKWOOD was born in 7)um-
fermling in the Shire of Fife, in the Tear 1539: p^jj''^''-^^
He was defcended of an ancient Family. And we u^lf^n.^
find, that in the Time of George Cardinal d' Am-
boife there was buried at Rome, in the Campus
Martius, in the Chufch of the Augufiines, one
7ohn Blackwood, with this Infcription upon his Tomb :

SCotia quigenuit gencrofae jlirpe Joannes
'Blackvod, heu mifer! hie fitus efi ante dtem.
Clarus erat Scutijer patris alti Rotomagenfis
Cardinalis, hie placid a front is (^ oris erat :
Inde animt pietate, fide ^ -virtutibus impar,
Carcere ab hoc tandem je tultt ad fuperos.

His Father IVtliiam Blackwood died in Battle, fighting for hii\
Country. His Mother Helen Reid, was Niece to Rdbert ,Retd M^:
(hop of Orknaj. He loft both his Father and Moiliet inthef Tetithii
Year of his Age, as he elegantly thus expreffcth it in one of his Po-
ems:

G g g g g g 1 -A/<//

488 T^<r /.//ft)/ ADAM BLACKWOOD, Vol.111.

TpfTiis 'vix erat alterHm
■^ IngrelJa lufirttm; cum mihi frdia
RaptHs Pater. Mater dolore
VtCta, comes jeqmtur Maritum.

After the Death of his Parents he was fcnc to th* Univerfity of*
Paris by his Uncle the Bifhop ©f Orknay, where he had his Edu-
cation under thcfc two famous Maftcrs, Adrian Turnehm and Joan-
nes Attratus : But lie had not been long in that Univerfitjr when his
Uncle died ; which obliged him to return to Scotland : But finding
no Encouragement there, by rearon of the Civil Wars, he retur-
ned ; where, by the Liberality of Queen Mary, he fludied PhilO-
fophy, Mathematics and the Oriental Languages ; and aftdr that
he had accompliflied himfelf in thefe Studies, he went to theUni-
verfity of Tholotife, where he ftudied the Civil Law for two Years;
and returning to ^arisy he acquired a great Reputation for his
Learning j and becoming intimatly acquainted with James Bea-
ton Archbjfhop of GUf^ow, he recommended him more ampl)' to
the Queen, and her Husband the Dauphin; who recommended
him to the Parliament of Poi6fiers, to be admitted one of their
We'/'w** Members : And after a due Examination, wherein he acquitted
amlaro.f himfelf with an univerfal Applaufe, he was chofcn one of their
f,nw?he Counfellors, and afterwards made Profeffor of the Civil Law ; du-
ip.riumtnc ^-^^^ \y\i\ch Time he compofed and publifhed the follotving Books.
*„d p'rofiffor ji^g f\j([ of tliefc is his tvVo Books concerning the Connection
uw.* ' ' or Union that is betwixt Religion and Empire : Thefe are publi-
fhed at Paris, in the Year 1 575, and dedicated to Queen Mary. Iri
thefe Books he fliows, by various Examples, and Reafonings from
(acred and prophane Hiftory, how much it is the Intereft of Princes
and for their Happinefs, to take care of Religion, efpecially tlie
Chriftian Religion i and to oppofe all Innovations, from whence
arife all Rebellions ; And that when Princes neglcdl the true Reli-
gion and Worfnip of God, by fuffering falfe Opinions, derogatory
to his Purity and Holiriefs, to fpread amongfl their Subjecfts ; then
'tis not to be expeded but that God will punifh them. Whereas
the pure Rehgion of the Gofpel can never fr\il to fupport their Pow-
er and Empire; Rebellion being diametrically oppoiite to rheDo-
•drines of Chriji.

His next Book is \\'\s Apology for Kings •, zoUviii Buchanan's'^ook
de Jure Regni, dedicated to Queen Mary and her Son, and publi-
ftied at Poiditrs in 1580. This Book confifls of 55 Chapters:
The firfl Chapter is a bitter Invedlive againft the rebellious Pra(fli-
ces and Principles of the Reformers. In the id Chapter he treats
of the Title of Buchanans Dialogue, Of the Right to Reign among
the Scots, as if the Scots had a tJifferent Right from all other Na-
tions. Then he asks him, If by the Right he refers to here, he
means that Law of Nature which is common to the Beafts as well

as

VoL III. one of the Senators of Pointers. a^q

as to us, as Vlpian has obfervcd (a) which Law exempcs us from
all Government and LaWs, or ifit^cthac, which is mod agreeable
CO the Didtates of huniane Nature, which the Civilians call the
Law of Natiohs, but even by tliis lart Law the Government was
never lodged in the Populace, as oiir Author is to make appear;
but indeed Buchahan feiems to have undcrrtood it of the firft Law
as feveral of his Followers have firicc explained themfclvcs, and as
one of their Pofets exprefTes it.

« Born free as Nature firfl made Mah,
•< E're the bafe Laws of Servitude began
« When wild in Woods the noble Savage ran.

But how contrary this Utopian Scheme is to the Account that we
have of the Original of Government in the Sacred Scriptures, will
appear afterwards : Our Auther in this Chapter, lafhes Buchanan
feverely for his Ingratitude, and treafonable Pra(5lices : In the third
Chapter our Author fhows, that the Occafion of the Writing of
this Book wds to vindicate their Rebellion againfl: their Prince, and
to fuftain the Intereft of his old Pupil the Ballard Regent the Earl
of Murray, who to pave hi? Way to the Throne, upon which he
had always his Eye, caufed a Run>our to be fpread amongft the
People, that his Mother was lawfully married to King James the
V. and that when /he was with Child of him, fhe dreamed that fhe
was with Child of a Lyon, and that in one Word he was the true
Heir of the Kingdom; fo that if he could but once dethrone the
Queen, by ac^cufing her of the Murdering of her Husband, and cut
off the Loyal Families that adhered to her, there would be no Dif-
ficulty of gaining the Throne ; and in this Projedl Morton join'd
with him, hot for any Love that he bore tO him, but partly out of
Fear, and partly out of a Profped of being a Sharer in the Govern-
ment, in which hie was not deceived ; for after they had expelled
their lawful Prince, both of them moft tyrannically ufurped the
Government.

^tifus uterqut mfas^ Domini refperfus uterque
Jn[ontis jiigulo. (l>)

After our Author fhows what Sort of Perfons thdfe were who ac-
cufed the Queen of this Murder j they were either Perfons newly
railed by her Enemies, of the Dregs of the People mean menial
Servants, and Dependcrs upon them, or notorioudy fajftious and
rebellious; and fince by the ancient Laws the Chriflians could not
be accufed bv the fews (() the Orthodox by the Hereticks, Pa-
rents by Children, Patrons by Clients, and by an exprefs Law of
Honoriiis and Anddms, Servants who accufed their Mafters, with
whom they had been familiar, or in whofe Lands they had Pof-
feflion, either capitally or for their Fortunes, before exhibiting of

H h h h h h the

/jio.Llb. I.l.f....dtiu9.&jj.f. (i) CU..1. <J. 4. Cpnf. Hoi (O Quo""" ». 4. h«,e., * ku«h Dt C. ,al «>,

T^o 77;gZ//'^ 0/ ADA M BLACKWOOD, Vol. Ijfl

■ ^ " ■ 7-*— — ■ — ■—

the WitnefTes, or Examination 6f the Judges, in the very Opcn-
in<» and Exordium of the Accufatiori, were ordered to be cut ofTby
the Sword, for fay they (a) ijoctm cpim ftincjlam amfutart^ potitss
oportet duatn audiri, it was better to cut oft the pellifcrous Voice
than to hear it; with what Confidence then fays our Author can
thofe Men, Scoundcrals, and Depehders upon iier Majcfly's Ene-
mies, be admitted Parties and Judges a^aintl this illuflrious Prin-
cefs, efpecially, fince by the Civil Law (b) tlie Confcnt of private
Perfons, or what they do cannot fland in Judgment, or have any
Authority againfl any Perfon whatfomev^cr, and much more reafo-
nable was the Cuftom of the Ptrjians, who in all Capital Cafes
(c) never pafTcd Sentence, till they found the Number of the bad
Qualities in the accufed Perfon to exceed his good ones. And
laflly our Author fays, That grahtmg the Queen to be fuch a Ty-
tant as he reprefents her, whcr6hs to the contrary, fhe was all X-b-
hity and Mercy, yet it was no Ground for them to rife in Rebelli-
on awainfl her ; and for this he afjpeali to the Example of the
koyaf Pfalmift David, To well known i6 Buchanan, who added
Homicide to his Adultery, and y^t neVe^ Was called a Tyrant, nor
killed by his Subjedls for it, altho' by the Law amongft the fie*
yrewsi the Crime of Adilltery ^-as capital, and then he exhorts 5«.
6hiinm to' refled upon the Mutrder of David Riz^io the Queens
Secretary, which his Accomplices and Patrons did, in the open
D&y, in the middle ot the Court, at Her Majefly's Feet, fhe being
bi* With Child, and which they avowed to the whole World, and
ddires him to compare this publick Murder with theirs, for which
they had no Law or Authority, to that which they accufed their
Priftcefs of, without any Proof, but on the contrary was clearly
proven to be falfe and calumnious, and they themfelves the Au-
thors of, and for which, by all the Laws of'^God and Men, they
bught to have been feverely puriifhed.

In the fourth Chapter our Author fhows, how unjufl and ridicu-
lous Buchanan is, in reprefenting Qiieen Mary as a Tyrant, by
giving the Charader of a Tyrant, and of Queen Mary; befides
he fhows, that it never was by a Law, or with the Confent of the
People, that even Tyrants themfelves were killed : Thus Caligula
who was fuch a Tyrant, that he wifhed that all the People of Rome
had but one Head, that he might cue it off at one Stroke, was not
killed by a Decree of the Senate, but by Cajfius, as he was coming
out of the Theatre, and fo he inflances in the Deaths of feveral other
Tyrants ; he acknowledges, that Queen Mary made fome Efcapes
in her Governnient, and particularly in impofing a new Tax upon
her Sub)e(5Vs, by the Advice of the Baflard Murray, which he did
on purpofe to alienate the Minds of her Subjedls from her ; but
if her Life be compared with thofe of her PredecefTors, fhe will
be found inferior to none of them : For, fayi hii, they who have

the

(«) t. C (jui. c. de hit qai .ccuf. non poff. (M Ptl»Mo.uni enim confenrut judictm ndo f.cir, nee quod ■•ft""'' "' )'''
dlnn, vim Sc .uaoiiuiom lubct L. J. de juiiW; omo. Jud. Cap. figoifiati do fo». compet, CO O'od ficul Lib 1. >3-

Vol. II[. One of the Senators of Poictiers,

49*

the (cvit^ Faults arc always, to be efteemed the bcft, according to
•that of the Poet.

Nam 'vitiis henio Jthe Mjciiur, opticus tile eji
Gluirnimjiii^ ut-getUr.

Irt the Jth Chapter our Author fliows, how vaftly 'Buchanan i$
miftaken, in thinking that thfe Scot^ Monarchy, and the Govern-
.ment of the Rohjans under their Cafars were the fame; . and in
applying the Proceedings of Subjedls under a Repubhck to
thofe of the Scots, \ii'ho arc under an abfoluce Monarchy.

Ih the 6th Chapter he examins Buchdnaris Comparifon betWixt
the Natural and the Body Politic. The Natural Body (fays Bu-
chanan) is like the Body Politic : The Dijeajes that arife from the
Humours in the Body, arc Itke the Commotions and Reielfions that
are in the Cominoniuealth; for the curing of which, as in the one Cafe
the fick Per fori calls foi^ what Phyfician he pleafes, and dtf charges him
'when he pleafes ; jfo tit the other Cafi, the King plays the Tart of a
Phyflciani.btlt may be turned off or dijcharged, whenever the People
who called him and made choice of him, pleafes.
'... To this oul: Authoi' fays. That this Comparifon of Buchanan^
if it prbv^s ariy thing, proves the Contrary of what he intends,
for this pf'oVes the Neceffity of an abfolute Monarchy ; for there
is ho Patidnt that calls a Phyfician but he gives him an abfolute
Powier over, his Life, and to do what he pleafes with him : 'Tis
true, that (bib&times a fretful difcontented Patient may chancre his
Phyfician,' knd cJall for another; but thisisftill look'd upon §y all
wife Men,' as an Acftibrt not proceeding from his Judgment or Wif^
diym, bui from the unaccountable Rovings of his Difeafe : And if
the People have no riiore Powet\t6 judge of their Kings, chart a fick
Perfon iii a Fever has of his Phyfician, Vis plain they have none
at all.

In the 7th Chapter, our Author comes to examine the ori«yinal
Sta^c of Nature, and proves. That it was a State of Dependency by
thd Iriftitution of God Almighty; or by acquired Power, not from
the Choice andConfcnt of the People, bUt by the Right that they
had by their Birth, and Superiority over the People : As fie ihoug
in fcveral Inflancesftom prophine arid facred Hiftory. And in-
deed this is very plain from the fiicred Hrftory ir felf; for a^ Sraie
of Equality arhongft Mankind can never bei' as long as we ailo\^
of the Scripture-accourit of the^ OrigrrtatTdii of Mankind, whicff
makes us all to depend upon one Another. ■'■ Neither is th^r^ anV
Didate of Nature more' im^rtfifed upondufciMinds;v fjiuh the Ob'<^
dicrtcd of. ChUdren to tKfeir Parents':' 'Tis cf ire, fonv^ of ^oFlir^
F6ilowers of 5«f/><«i««- have aoki^owledged^i Dependency irf'^^fe
State of Nature j but they deny the Paternal Power. Thus one of
their famous. Rabbi's (a) fays, That tht-Ptfth Commandment is fi
fd^fr'omf (phli/hing (he Monarchhjd 'P(f&>i^ of thg father, thUf it

H h h h h h I • f(ts

(«) t^k *(tluA Sif A.Qb«n I-Ubm, Bask i. Ouf. <. Pi|« )).

-^ The Ltfeof ADf^M BLACKWOOD. Vol. 111.

fits up the Mother equal with him. For which he quotes a great
many Texts, where Children are cdmmaniled to honour their Fa-
thers and Mothers. And then concludes, J do not rememher that I
any where read^ Children, obey your Fathers, and no more : The Scri-
pture joins the Mother too tn that Hommage which u due from Chil-
dren. And he employs a whole Chapter to prove the Mother's Ti-
tle equal to that of the Father's, over the Children {b), Jnd if
this one Thing, lays he, (c) had been but well conftdered, it had ended
all the Difpute about Fatherly Authority. Let us theti ferioudy con-
.fider this new Invention ot his, and connpare it with the Scripture-
account of the Origination of Mankind and the Paternal Power,

GOD at firft created but one Man, and did not create the Wo-
man at the fame Time, but made her afterwards out of the Man.
which fliowed her Dependency upon him: And fhe was made for
his Ufc, as an Help meet for him. And thus the Apoftle argues the
Authority of the Man over the Woman, from his bein^ firft crea-
ted (d)y Suffer not a looman to teach, or to ufurp authority over the
man, but to be in filence ; for Adam was firft formed, then E've. And
we find, That God gave his pofitive Command, and Inftitution o£
Government betwixt Adam and Eve, before there were any other
of Mankind in the World ; faying to Eve, (e) Thy dejtreftjall be to
thy husband, and he fhall rule over thee : or, art under obedience, as
the Apollle words it {f). So that it cannot be fuppofcd, that her
PovVet is equal to his over their Children : 'Tis true, the Mother
has a Power over the Children, but the fupreme Power is only in
the Father, for he commands both Mother and Children. Be-
fides, as a learned and excellent Perfon of this Age has obfcrv'd (^),
This of the Mother's Power is no more an Obje(^ion, than where
inferior Governors are joined with the Supreme; as that of St. Ve-
ter (h), Submit jour fetves — , whether to the king, as fupreme , or
unto govlrnors, as unto them' that are fent by him. Now it cannot
be faid, that by this there is no Supremacy given to the King bc-
caufe other Governors are joined with him in the fame Command
of Obedience. And as much, and no more, does the Mother's be-
ing joined with the Father in the 5th Command, take away the Su-
premacy of the Father : Which we are next to examine as the Ori-
ginal of all Government.

*Tis very plain from the facred Scriptures, That the Government
of the World, from the Creation to the Flood, was Patriarchal,
Regal, or Fatherly Government, for they are all fynonymous
Terms ; for the Word Patriarch fignifies the Chief, or Governor
of the Country, and is equivalent with that of King or Emperor.
And accordingly we find King David, in the New Teflament, fti-
led Patriarch. In the Jth Chapter of Genefis we have a Lift of
thefe Patriarchs from Adam to Noah ; the Firft-born being only

named

(«) Lock, Book ». Chip. 6. (*) f'V »?«• (0 I Tim. ii. It, IJ. (<<) Cea. iii. !<• (•) I C»i. «ir. J4. (/) Mt.;
Uflj't SLthe.if»l, No. jj. «) iPct-li. «J.

Vol. hi one of the Senators of Botdiiers

49?

named there, all the reft being part over under the general Nauic
or Sons and Daughters.

About TOO Years after the Flood, when Men were multiplied,
God defigncd to fcparatc them into divers Colonies, and lo to peo-
ple the tarth with them; but a great many of them did o.it|,er to-
gether, with an Intention not to feparate, and for that' tod, to
build a great City, ^nda mighty hi<;h Tower, to fecuie rhcm(dves
againft another Deluge: But God deleat this DeHgn of theirs and
did fcattcr them abroad upon the Face of all the Earth : Buc Baby-
lon lell to the Share ol Ntmrod, and this was the Btr'inning ot his
Kingdom. And from him, who is called Bclus in propliane Hi-
ftories, through the ^ffyrun, Perfan, Grecianknd i?ow(j« Monar-
chies; and from the Divifion o( the Rowan Monarchy into tiic Eaft-
ern and Wellern Empires, we have the Names of all the Kino, and
their SuccefTors to this prefentTime. And here our Autliorlh )ws,
how that fomc Kingdoms have been obtained by Conqueft, others,
by Teftaments and Legacies, and others, from the Abules ol the
Populace. Thus ^Arijlotle (a) fays, Tliat the Government of
Kings had its Rife trom the Tyranny, and not the Choice of the
People, who never could endure Pcrfons of eminent Merit; like the
Ephefians, who haniflied their Prince Hermodoms, becaufe he had
more Religion, Prudence and Knowledge, than any of hisSubjecfs.
And therefore the fame d^ifiotle, in another Place, defines the Re-
gal Power to be, Tntelam pr^fantiurn 'uirorum, ad'verfus indomi-
natA mf4ltitHdtnis injdlentiam : The Protedtrtg of good and 'vertuous
Meriy againfi the unbridled Infolence of the People. And from the
fiift Forming of the Grecian Commonwealths, which had their Rife
from their Rebellions aeainfl: their lawful Princes, we fhall find
more Cruelties, Bloodfhcd and Murders, than ever was in the
World before them ; for when they rebelled againft their Princes,
and alfumed the Power to thcmfelves, they roli'd about trom one
Revolution to another, till they funk themfelves, and perifhed in
Oceans of Blood. Our Audior proves God to be the Author of
Monarchical Hereditary Government, from the ancienteft Govern-
ments in the World, which were all Monarchies, and none older
than that of our owiS Country ; and from the univerfal Impreffion
upon Mankind, of the eldeft Son's Right to his Father's Inheri-
tance.

In the 8th Chapter, our Author returns to 'Buchanan's Compa-
fifon betwixt a King and a Phyfician, which he fhows to be very
different ; for the uck Perfon may call and choofc what Phyfician
he plcafes, but to People born under an Hereditary Monarciiy,
fuch as ours is, no fijch Choice can be allowed. A ficlc Perfon,
without any probable Reafon, may difchafge his Phyfician; bu;
])y our Con(ticution, the People can upon no Pretence whatfo'me-
y(ir,difcharge their King; in the choofing of whom they have hd
Hand, jt being theirs by their Birthright. But granting (fays our

I i 1 i i i Au-

I ih, f. fulii. Cip. to.

494 T^tf Z.//«o/ ADAM BLACKWOOD, Vol. 111.

Author) that Kings were at firfl made choice of by the People, and
called as a Phvfician to them: As the Patient's Death is not to be
imputed to the Phyfician, fays Vlpian (a% neither dors his Igno-
rance proted liimj for by the Lex yfquilidy even tho' he has no
bad Dclign, tho' he be ddigcnt in the profccuting of his Cure, a<
he thinks, yet if he be found an Ignorant, lie is guilry by the Law;
(/») Yea even tho' he performs an Operation according to all the
Rules of Art, yet if he proleciues not the Cure, heis condemned
by the Law : But (fays he) who is the Judge in this Cafci" Cer-
tainly not the (iclc Patient, but wife experienc'd Phyficinris : So no
more can the People, by this Comparifon, judge of their Prince's
Adions. And lallly, our Author asks BucfMniiin, why he did hot
make ufe of Plato\ other Comparifons about a King (c)? who not
only compares him to a Phyfician,' to a Maftcr of a' Family, to a
Captain ofa,Sliip; and at length cBncludes, That a well regulated
Monarchy is the mofl perfccl: Pattern of tlie Government of Men.

In the 9th Chapter, he fhows the vafl: Difference that is betwikt
Kin^s and Phyficians, in regard that Phyficians are tied to the Rules
that Hippocrates and all his Succellors have laid down, from con-
ftant Oblervations: Whereas a King, accoi^ding to the vdriousGiri
cumftances of the People, has an abfolutc Power of altering and
abrouatini; the Laws and Conflitutions of the Nation over which
he is\he Head, according as he is diicdfcd by the Wifdom of his
Counfellors; according to that of the Latin VoeZy Juven.Sat. \t\.
Nullum Numen .jbefiji fit prudeutia, And after this he appeals
to the ancient Laws of the Kingdom, to fhow the abfolutc Monar-
chy of our Scots Kings.

h\ the loth Chapter, he Ihovvs the Excellency of a Monarchical
Government above all orher Governments, and how Mankind were
ait firfl: only under that Government. And fince Buchanan feems
to rely upon Tlatds Authority in favours of the Populacy, he cites
the following Words of Plato againfl; him, in his 3d Book de Legi-
bus^ Nihtl porro tarn aptum eft ad jus conditionewque nature [quod
cttrn dice, legem a me diet intelligi 'volo) quam hnperium Imperio-
rum varia genera ftatuit, ac proinde (ubcfitl Omnes antique Gen-
tes Regihus quondam paruerunt ; quod genus imperii primum ad ho-
mines juftifsimos ^ japientifsi?nos deferebatur, deinde etiam deinceps
pofterts prodehatur, quod ^ in iis etiam qui nunc regnant^ manet.
^jubus autem Regia Poteflas non placuft, non ii nemim, fed nonjem-
per uni parere njoluerunt. JSfos autem^ quoniam leges damus liberis po-
fulis, qu/ique de optima Republica Jentiremus, in fex Libris antea di-
ximus : Jiccommodabimus hoc tempore leges ad ilium quem'probamui
civitatis ftatum. a^agiftratibus igitur opus eft, fine quorum prU'
dentia ac diligentia ejfe civitas non poteft, quorumque defcriptione om~
nis reipublic£ moderatio continetur : JSIeque folum iis prsfcribendus
eft imperandiy fed etiam civibus obtemperandt modus. Buchanan like-
wise

(a) L. lliiciui, ^ Suuli de offic. prifiJ. Si quii ^. (i.-) L. 1- 8c fc^. D. ad Legem Aquil. D. L. iitm Jun'i, id Le-
^cm A^uil. C(^ In I'ol. Juris gent. § 5ed cum nulla de PaO. L. I. ds return pecmiK. fiJc jufloi. oblig. dc !'>•'•
jufl, L. Stichum, S Naiuulitde Suluc. L. Sinoxali de peccat.

Vol. III. One of the SenMus of I'o.ct.eiv

^y?

wife makes Ufe of Cicero's Antliority for a popular GovcrnmeiK
and owning that the People firfl made Kings, and prefcribej Laws
to them, by which they fhould govern tlieir Subjcifts. Now Cicero '
plainly owns, (/i) that all the ancient Nations in the World wcie
firfl [governed by Monarchs, and that they had no other Law but
the Will of the Monarch; but theSuccefTors becoming Tyrants, tiic
People freed thcmfelves from their Yoke (that is to fay, they re-
belled) and made Laws by wiiich thev were to be governed, and
appointed Magiftrats over them, wlio fliould put thefc Laws in
Execution: So that he diftinguifhes betwixt the Power of Kings,
wiiich is in Monarchies, and where his Will is the Law, and the
Power of the Laws which is in Comon-wealchs, and by which their
Magiftrats are obliged to govern. And ytriffotU fays {b'^ Tiiat a
King is a living Law upon Earth, whofe Power cannot be rcfliai-
ned by any other Law than that of his own Mind : And the fame
^riflotle having acknowledged, that a King fliould be looked
upon as a God amongft Men, fays, that it is necelFary amonuft
Equals to have Laws, but over Kings there can be no Law, they
being the Law themfelves ; and Fomponius the Lawyer acknow-
ledges, that in the Beginning, amongfl the Romans (c) the King's ab-
iolute power was the fole Law; and they were much happier when
rjiey were under this Kingly Government, than when under a Com-
mon-wealth, as all the Nations of the Earth iiave been, as well as
they that have rejeded the Kingly Government, and betaken them-
felves to Common-wealths, as it clearly appears from their Hifto-
rians. .

In the nth. Chapter our Author takes Buchanan to Task, for fub-
jeding our Kings 'and People to the Roman Laws, which is a-
gainfl the exprefs Aifbs of Parliament ; for in King James the Fii fl's
Time, in the Parliament held at Perth, it is flatuted and ordained,
that all his Majefty's Subjeds are only anfwerable to the Laws en-
udted by him and his PredecefTors ; and tlie fame is again confir-
med, by an Ad of Parliament in King /swathe 4th's Time, Chap.
114; and this is not peculiar (fays he) to the Scots only, for feve-
ral orher Nations have done it as well as they : Thus, when Philip
the Fair inftituted the Parliament of Paris, he exempt them
from the Roman Lz.\ys; and by an old Decree of the Parliament,
the Advocates are difcharged from citing any Roman Law, againfl
the Law of the Nation ; and amongfl the Spaniards, cither to
praifc it in their Civil Judicatories, or to teach it in their Schools^
is punifhcd with Death ; and Alaricus ordered, that any who
(hould oppofe the J?o;wdn Law, to the Laws which he ha^ eflab-
Iifhed amongfl his Goths, fhould be put to Deatii; 'Tis true, that
neither the Scots nor any of thefe Nations abfolutely difcharged
tlic making AJfe of the Roman Laws; on the contrary, our Law al-
lowb them in all Cafes where our own Laws are deficient, and to

I i i i i i I fup-

(») Ci.civ, it Irplbui, Lib. ido. defXBc. • (».) K^AmU bjfi, iluU KiV K^ ^'f^ Uw omb Euih. Uk 1. mU~
f (Kobibiium (jt) 4* fti. Uc« MMb«ni, 4c cvnluL f . r**> ^ < - -r —• — ]• r«a«i

!

49<5 The Life of A D A M B L A C K W O O D, Vol. III.

fupport and enforce the Reafon of our own Lawsj and fince tlic
Roni^n Tcople, ever fincc they were (ubjedt to their CAJnrSj
have adfcd m a private Capacity, in Obedience not only to their
Lau'S, but their LiilU, much more ouglu we (fays he^ to be fub-
jcct to our Kings, over whom we never pretended to Have the
call Authority.

Biickwan, to prove the People to be the fir(\ Authors of the
Laws, fays, That as in every Country there is a Variety ot Lan-
guaj^es, or diflcrent Idioms, (o there ;s Variety ot Laws; But if
the I'lince had been the riift fountain of tlic L^wSy then tliere had
been no Ditference of the Laws jii one Place from thofe of another
in the lame Country; and fmce this Variety of Laws is tolerated
under Princes, 'tis plain that the People made thefc Laws for gover-
ning themltlves, which the Prince has no Power to alter. To this
our Author anfuers, in his nth Chapter, by diftinguifhing betwixc
the Nature of Divine and Humane Laws; for the Divine Laws are
conftanc, perpetual and unalterable, but all Humane Laws are va-
riable, and iubjcct to many Alterations, according to the various
Viciflitudcs ill Humane Affliirs ; and therefore God appointed
Kings, as his Vicegerents, over the People, that they might accom-
modate their Laws according to the Neceffiiies of the Times; for,
as the Poet fays,

Hxc At as tiliam vitcim, alios n.ores fojlulat.

And hence it is that fevcral old Laws are in Defuetude and abro-
gated, and according to the Circumllances of the Times, new ones
put in their Place, Now 1 call a Law ( fay he) the Pleafure and
Will of a Prince who has an undoubted Right, to which not only
all Cities, Societies and Incorporations, but likcwife the publick
Laws themfelvcs are fubjeded ; for as to what concerns the Go-
vernment of the different Cities of a Kingdom, they acfl only in a
private Capacity ; whereas the Prince or King aifts as the Reprelen-
tative of all the People, upon which they can never impofe any
Law but what he approves of; and whatever Privileges they have, it
is rather by way of Pacftion than Law ; fuch as we fee granted to
Communities, to whom a Privilege is granted to govern them/elves
by fuch Laws as they think fit: But private Patflions are never dero-
gatory to the public Laws, and therefore all Cities, Colleges, Incor-
porations, and in a Word, all the Laws made by the People, require
the Authority of the Prince to make them ftanding and obligatory ;
becaufc they often go beyond the Bounds of Pactions, and encroach
upon the LegiOative Power. And 'tis a Contradidfion in it felf to
affirm, that the Supreme Power fhould be in one Hand, and the
Coercive, in another. And flnce this cannot be, a King mull be
free, not only from the Laws of others, but from his own, for he
cannot bind himfelf further than he has a mind to. And as the
Lawyers fay. No Ohltgation can confifi vo'tth a Promije that is only
founded upon the Will of the Promt jer. And fincc he cannot be bound

b/

Vol.111. one of the Senators of Potdiers. 497

, I 1 > I

bv liis own Laws, tar lc(s by the Laws of oclicrs. And we daily
kc Princes confirming the Laws ol their PredecclFors, without which
they would have no Authority. And Titus Fefpjfi,w, whom J«f-
toniiis calls The T)elight of Mankind, by one Ldidt confirmed all
thcfc ot the prcceeding Emperors.

In the 13th Chapter our Author fhews, by abundance ot Quo-
tations From the Civil Law, that tiie Supreme Power is lodged in
the Kui", and not in tlie People, and confequcntly the Legiflative
Tower, for {fays he) was it ever known, SiS Buchanan 2L[hns^ either
t'rom our own 1 hftoncs or the Hiflories of other Monarchies, that
the People led out Armies, conferred Honours, punirtied Crimi-
nals, coined Moncv, entred into Leagues with their Neighbouring
Torcntates, or had' the Power ot" Pcaee and War in them? No, all
thefc belon" to the Prince, and are the very Sum and Subftance of
the Laws J ^and confequcntly, in all Monarchies the Legiflative
Tower mufl be lodged in the King.

In tile 14th Chapter, our Author fliows that nothing can be faid
more cndiculous than \v\uz Buchanan fays about the interpreting the
Laws. When the Lawsfeem to contradi(ft one another, {[ays he) then
the Judges, and thofe that are well feen in the Laws, mufl interpret
them. ^Here he takes the Tower from the King, and gives it thofe
of an inferior Rank, and from his beloved People, to the Judges;
not knowing that the Interpretation of a Law hath the Force and
Strcn2,th of a Law, and that the Judge is only the Interpreter of
his own Sentence. Since then 'Buchanan acknowledges, that the
Teoplc has not the Tower of interpreting the Laws, they cannot
be the Le"iflators , for he who makes the Law, has the fole Pow-
er of interpreting the Law. And fince in all Monarchies, neither
the Teople nor the Senate have the Towef of making or interpret-
ing of Laws, but when they have the Royal Sandion, 'tis plain that
the fole Legiflative Tower is lodged in the King. Then our Au-
thor proceeds to examine Buchanans Argument, from the Tower
that Topes have over Kings, in excommunicating them, in abfol-
ving their Sub)e<fls from their Allegiance, and transferring their
Kingdoms to others; which can have no Force amongfl Troteflant
Prinzes, and has as little among Catholic Trinces, who are not bound
by their Faith to believe that they have fuch a Tower, or ever
oianted them fuch a Tower ; altho' indeed (fays our Author) 'twere
more rcafonable to grant this Tower to the Tricfthood than to the
Teople. Then as to Buchanans bitter Invectives againft the Topes,
he appeals to the whole Wotld, if ever fo much Mifchief was
done to Chriflcndom by the Tapacyj fince St. Pf>fr's Time, as had
been done by the Cahinip, fince Ckihms Time ; whofe Follow-
ers have always been ({ays he) a bloody, cruel, inhumane and re-
bellious Race of Teople ;

Contewptrix SHpert*m, fAVio[ue a't>idi[sim4 c^dis.-

K k k k k k Oui

498 T^f L//f o/" A D A M B L A C K W O O n, Vol. III.

Our Author in the 15 Cliaptcr takes Buchanan to Tasic, for ap-
plying to the licentious Lives of the Pope's, the Paffagc of Sr.
PauC ^ Sifljop ought to he the Husband oj one Wife, which he
fhows that (ome ot the ancient Fatlicrs have undcrflood, in a Me-
taphorical Senfe, as if the Apoftleonly meant here, that a liilhop
ou"ht only to have no other Wife but his Church, and this was Ca-
lixtus Interpretation of it, who lived near the Time ot.the Aportlcs,
and fealed the Faith of Chnfl: with his Blood, as likcwifc of Sr.
^mhrofe which many liavc approved of, tho' others have iinder-
ftood It as dilchargmg Iccond Marriages in Clergy Men, it being
noways agreeable "to that Continency wliich Clergy Men ought to
have, and which A4r. Krwx, fays our Author, nor none of Bucha-
nans' Reformers ever obfervcd, the moft of them havinc; been fo
fcandaloufly incontinent, that tliey have been married four or five

Times.

In the 16 Chapter our Author firft refutes Buchanans Afferti-
on, that unlcfs a King be chofen by the Suffrages of the People, he
cannot be a lawful King, as if all Power acquired by Force of
Arms were unlawful, tho he himfclf acknowledges the Lawfulnefs
of the Rom.rn 1-mpire, rho' it was acquired by meet Force of Arms,
and all Servitudes, Manumifllons and Captivities, are regulated
by the Laws, nnd eflcemed lawful amongfl all Nations: Tlien he
fhows how Biiihanan \y\s confounded the Regal Power of Scotland
with that ol the Oul-cs of Fcnice, the Kings of the Lacedemonians^
and tile Confiils of I\o?Me, in all which Governments, as he fhows
from the Records of their Nations, that they had nothing of the
Regal Power. And lafUy, he fhows the Falfenefs of Buchanan's
reafoning, when he aflerts, that a King's calling for the Advice of
his Councellors, when he is going to impofe Laws, fhows that he
has no ablblute Authority over them, and in all Criminal Cafes
he has no Power, but the Judges, who pafs Sentence upon the
Criminals, after a legal Probation; If fays our Author one of Bu-
chanans Scholars in St. Leonard's College fhould argue thus, he
deferved to be whipt; For how ridiculous is it to fay, a King by
the Advice of his wife Counfellors enadts a Law, and gives his
Royal San(ftion to it ? therefore he has no Power in making that
Law, or giving the Sandfion to it, he permits the Judges to pafs
Sentence in all criminal Cafes, therefore he divcfts himfelf of all
Authority. Here our Author wifhes heartily, that before fo great
and fo learned a Man as Buchanan had wrote upon a Subjedt of
this Nature, he had fludied the Laws, of which he is not only ig-
norant, but likewife of the very Nature and Conflitution of all hu-
mane Societies, when he afTerts, that a good King fhould be noc
only inexorable, and a good Law never altered, which is repug-
nant to Reafon, and the common Good of Mankind ; for as the
Lawyers fay, Sumnmm jus cfi fumma injuria, and a good King muft
not always ftand by the flri<5l Letter of the Law, but according to
the Circuniflances of Times, Perfons and Places, confider the

Equity

Vol. II f . One of the Senators of PoiCtiers. 4,99

Equity of the Thing, and not what the Law ftridlly requires, and
therefore tlie Romans had a honourary Magiftrat appointed for
that Purpofc ; and fays our Author, If Laws cannot be fupplied,
altered, corrected or changed, it was in vain, for Buchanan to
write cither of the Power of the People, King or Laws, for we
fhould have been eternally tied up, ro live according to the Laws
and Cuftoms of our PredccefTors.

In the 17 Chapter our Author fhows, how vaftly Buchanan is
miftaken, in his Notions concerning a Tyrant and a King: For a
Tyrant, fays he, according to the Etymology of the Word, is
fo called, becaufe in ancient Times they lived in Towers and fen-
ced Places, they being fucii worthy Perfons in popular Govern-
ments, as defended thcmfelves, by the AlUftance of their Friends,
a^ainft the Infults of the Populacy, and by that Means brought
them to a more regular Government, as being nearer to that of
a Monarchy; and accordingly we find the firft Tyrants were the
wifefl: and bcfl Men among the Antients. Thus Pittacus and Pe-
riander, were both of them reckoned amongfl the fevcn wife Men
of Greece., and the one was Tyrant of Mytelene, and the other of
Corinth, and Dionyfius Tyrant of Syracufe, was one of the greareft
Men of the Age, none (howing more Moderation, Juftice and
Equity in his Government than he did j neither were they a(ha-
med of the Title given them, for Plato, in his Letters to Dionyfius
Tyrant of Syracufe, gives him that CompcUation, and he aflumesic
to himfelf, in his Returns to Plato; (o tiiat when Buchanan fays,
that the only Diftincftion betwixt a Tyrant and a King was, that a
Kino's Government was mild, according to the Laws, whereas a
Tyrant was above, and contrary to the Laws, he contradidls all an-
cient Hillories, as witnefs feveral of the Sicilian Tyrants, who reig-
ned very mildly and wifely ; but when their Succeffors oppreffed
their Subjecfbs, and became licentious in their Ways and Anions,
then the name of Tyrant, which was a Title of Honour, Virtue
and Refped, became odious to the People, and the bad Kings
who imitated them were called Tyrants, for the Kingly Govern-
ment, as we have laid, was long before this Government was ever
To much as known in the World ; but, fays Buchanan, thofe who
become Tyrants, ought to be looked upon as a Species of Animals,
diftindt from Mankind, like thofe Boars and Wolves that infeft a
Country, which not only the whole Body of the People, but every
individual Man has the Liberty to fhoot and kill, and not only
them, but their Cubs likewife. This, fays our Author, is the de-
ftroying of all Government, yea, even the popular Government
it (elf, where tiie principal Law was, Privilegia ne irroganto de ca-
pite, civis nifi per maximum comitiatum olofque, quos cen fo-
res in partihus populilocafjent ne ferunto; but 'tis plain, that Bucha-
nan\ Meaning iiere is, that every one had Liberty to kill the
Queen, whom he calls a Tyrant, and the Royal Infant her Son;
and then he aiks Buchanan, whether fhe or they a(5bedmoft likeTy-

joo T/;f L//f o/" ADAM BLACKWOOD, Vol. III.

rant's, in the whole Courfc ot their Adtions, Irom the Bc^inninc;
of her Rei^n :

Clmrum (fays he) miirms wem'mi^e horrit, luSluque refugit.

In the i8ch Chiipccr, our Autlior examines what Buchanan fays
of the Lex Kcoi.h hy which, us the Lawyers aflirm, the whole Vow-
ex o( the i'eopic is lo translerrcd to their Trinccs, that whatever the
Prince plcales ha?, the Strength and Force ot a Law ; Co that what-
fbever (lavs l/lj^uni) (<;) the Linperor orders, cither by a Letter or
Siibfcription, oi Lnowin^lv decrees, or plainly pronounces or com-
mands by .ill 1 ihcl, is .1 Lavi'. And this Law, (fays Livj) was
Jrom theVciy fiitl Four.dauoii of tlic City. And here our Author
oblerycs, Tlia: il' Biich.vj^n had known any thing about the Con-
ftitution or Guveinir.Ciic of his own Country, ot which he pretends
to write, lie nii'j,ht haye (avcd himlelt a deal ot necdicis Trou-
ble that he has put iumfelt to, by denying that ever the Scots were
iiibiccT: to the Tvow.wLaws: But in ftead ot this, he goes about to
dellroy the Force ot this Law, by a great many Shifts, in which he
fhows himlelr entiicly ignorant in the Lawsj and at length tails foul
upon Jupf/iitn, lor having inferred it among his Laws, and accu-
les him ot his Ingratitude to ^.f/z/ivrnj. But our Author fays, that
he wondeis tluu he did not accute him ot Popery and JdoJarry,
fi.jce tlie Roh.'il!; 1 auii is cllabliihed bv his Laws.

In the liy'th Cnapter our Author examines Buchanans AfTertion,
That Irom Fergus \'s Tin.t till Kenneth 111. a// our Kings ivere cho-
I'lft /'v the Si'.JJruToes of the People, zcho had likewise the lower of De-
tojing thcni when thcj triinjgrejjed the Lnivs- This (fays he) is not
onlv contrary to all our Hiltories, but even to his own, for all the
People (wore inviolable Allegiance to King Fergus I. and his Suc-
cetlbrs; but he dying, and leaving only two Children behind him,
who, by reafon of their Nonage, were not capable of the Govern-
ment: Whereupon Feritharis their Uncle took the Government
upon him, and made a Law, That whiUf the Children of their
Kings were Inlants, one of their Kindred, who was judged moft
accomplithcd for the Government, fhould fway the Sceptre in their
Behalf; and if he died, then the SuccetTlon of the Kingdom fhould
detcend to the former King's Sons. And this laft Law, which coft
the Nation fb much Blood, as it appears from our Hiftories, is
what Buchanan would make the firft Conflitution of our Govern-
ment ; whereas the firft Law was the Lex Regia amongft us ; and
the other, a laf\ing Foundadon for Ufurpations, Civil Wars and
Murders, till that wife and valiant Prince King Kenneth III. abro-
gated it. And the Roman Popular Government, which 'Buchanan
leems ftill to have had his Eye upon, from their firft flraking off rhe
Monarchical Government, till their embracing it again under v/«-
gujlus, they were in conftant Confufions ; in fo much, as I have

ob-

Co) De condil, I'nnc. Lib. i, C. de Ongmc Juris,

Vol -III. o«f of the Senators of Poi£tiefs. 5QI

obferved in. tlie II Volume of this Work, that within the Space of
134 Years, they had 37 Changes of Government. Bcfides (fays
our Autliorj granting, which is abfolutely falfe, that King Kenneth
fhould have altered the Monarchy from being Eledive to be He*
reditary; yet when the Englifi conquered Scotland, Robert Bruce
drove them out of it, and conquered them a-new again: So that
lie did not owe his Right to the Suffrages of the People; nor can
any of his Defcendants liave any other Right but what they derive
from him,, and confcquently, are Abfolute Monarchs.

In the zoth Chapter, our Author examines what Buchanan fays
concerning King /(>«wf//7's Hereditary Right: Tiiis (fays he) was ei-
ther obtained by Force of Arms, or by a fraudulent Pa(5lion with
the People' If by Force of Arms, then the People have Reafon ta
(hake off the Yoke whenever it is in their Power, for the Law of
Self-defence is a known Law of Nature; if by a fraudulent Pacftion
and Circumvention, then they ought to be reftored to their for-
mer Liberties ; for if Tutors are anfwerable by Law, for whatever
they do in Prejudice of Minors, much more Kings are anfwerable
for what they do againfl tiie People who made them. To this our
Author aniwers, That 'tis very ti:ue that the Law of Self-defence is
a Law of Nature; but 'tis likewife true, that we are all born in Ser-
vitude, and to be (ubfervient to one another; for tho' it be natu-
ral for the Bruce Beafts to defend themfelves from the Injuries they
receive from one another, yet this brutal Way of a(5bing, amongft
Men, would dellroy all Society. The Notions of Right and Wrong
do not belong, to Beafls, and there can be no Right where there is
no Communion ; and, what natural Communion can be betwixt us
and the Brute Be^fls ? The Principles of all humane Society are
Reafon and Speech, which they have not : Becaufe it is natural to
the Brute Bealls to lie promifcuoufly together, is the fame to be
effeemed a Law of Nature amongfl Men ? Becaufe the wild Beafls
refift the Hunters by the Law of Self-defence, therefor are the Peo-
ple to lefifl the Magiflrats when they arc putting the Laws in Exe-
cution, yea even unjuflly i* Becaufe Beafts naturally eat, drink and
fleep at pleafure, therefor, fhall the fame Right of Nature be a LaW
amongft Mankind ? No furely, for thefe Things arc no wavs agree-
able to humane Society, and far lefs to the Divine Law or the Go-
fpel, where' we are commanded to forgive Injuries, and to be fub-
midive to. the Superior Powers. Befides that we find, by the Laws,
That a few Years Poffcffion gives a Right, even to that which has
been acquired by Force. And Cajjioaorus calls T^mdofius the El-
der's Law of Prcfcription after 30 Years, the Prote(5lion of all hu-
mane Society, So (fays our Author) granting that Y<\n2, Ktnneth
had by mere Force got the Government hereditably fettled in his
Family, yet now to challenge it, is againft all Law, it being prefcri-
bed; and in ftead of being a Repelling of Force by Force, 'twould
be a Repelling of Right by Wrong. Then as to the other Part oi
'Buchanans Afgument, of KinglCenneth's fraudulent Circumveening

LI 1 1 1 1 of

^01 The Life of A D h M B L AC KV^ O O I), Vol HI,

of tlic People J our Author asks Buchanan, Who /hall be Judge ir>
this Affair r It cannot be the People, for the Lawi permit not the
fame Pcrfon to be both Judge and Party : And the King, for th©
fame Reafon, cannot belt; therefore none but Cod can be Judge,
who is only Superior to the Kin^. Then as to the Claim of the
People's Right ; )t prcfcribes in a Tew Years ; for by the old Laws
it was in Four Years, and by Con[lantines Laws, in Five at fartheft.
How then can they claim Rcllitution from King Kenneth, after
more than fix hundred Years that he and his Succcflors have been
in Pollcnion of the Kingdom. But granting that they came to this
by a fraudulent Padtion with the People; yet, as the Lawyers fay,
Piefirripciori has a greater Power and Authority tlian Padlion j
for a Rijiht to a Land cannot be acquired by Pacff ion, but by Timo
it may. The Right of a Feu can prefcribe, which cannot be a-
lienated by Padion. Wherefore, if the Kingdom came to King
Kenneth's Children by a fraudulent Padion, it belongs to them now
by a long Prefcription : So that whatever Way they came to it, at
this Day, by all the Laws, it belongs f'o to them, that they cannot
be deprived of it without a manitefl Violation of the Rights of
Mankind.

In the 21 Chapter, our Autlior examines what Buchanan fays,
in the Cafe of a King's having a Son, that is either a Fool or a
mad Man, fuch as thefe (fays he) cannot govern us, they wanting
Governors themfelves , . and indeed fays he, fuch are excluded by
the Laws, but he names not what Laws ; and our Author appeals
to any that is known in the Laws, if ever there was any Law, that
deprived the Sons ot Kings of their Father's Kingdom, that
were either mad or foolifh, in the Cafe of private Families we find
it quite otherwife, and fo provident have the LatV-givers been,
in the Cafe of mad, foolifh and prodigal Children, that they have
cxprefly provided Tutors and Curators for them, ' to prote(ft them
in their Birth-right, and to adminiftrate their Affairs; and this
we find to be the Cafe of Kings, as well as of private Perfons :
Thus Charles the VI of France, Tailing into an Inclination of Mind,
he was put under Tutory for feveral Years, but none during his
Life prefumed to ask his Kingdom, tho* he had feveral Children,
and other Princes of the Blood, who were fuflficiently qualified for
it : But not to infift upon the Inflances of Camby[eSy King of Per-
fia, Orejies King of Mjcma in jirgea, and others, who were re-
ally mad, and yet never deprived of their Kingdoms. Our Author
asks Buchanan, if none but Perfons of confummated Virtue and
Knowledge fhould be Kings ? Why are not Infants excluded from
being Kings, who have no more Ufe of their Reafon than mad
Men or Fools have ? And yet we find Inftances of Infant Kings, in
all the Kingdoms of the World, as oijr Author fhows from their
Hiftories, and Buchanan and his Party were then under the Govern-
ment of an Infant King; and it is very well known fays our Au-
thor, that all the Lawyers that have wrote upon this Subjed ac-

know-

Vol. III. One of the Senators of Poittiers. yo}

knowledge, that Infants are. not excluded from their Nonage or
Want of Reason, but are allowed Tutors or Curators.

Our Author having fufficiently refuted Buchanans Notions, con-
cerning the firft Rife of Kingly Government, and the Power o^
the People in creating Kings: In the next Place he comes to ex-
amine m the 11 Chapter, the Power that Buchanan gives to the
People, 'in punifhing Kings, wicked tyrannical Princes, fays he,
have beenfome of them banifhcd by the People, others thrown in-
to Prifon, and others put to Death ; and when their Children or
neareft Heirs came to reign, they were never challenged for what
thev had done. To this our Author replies, that 'tis -true, that
fuch Inftances have been of riebellious Subjedfs againft their Kings,
as it is falfe that rhey had any Right to do it, or were not pu-
nirtied for it, then he examines the Inftances that Buchanan gives
from our Hiftories; for proving this Power of the People in pu-
nifhinfT Kin^s, and the firft is from the Cuftom of the Highland
Clans in the 1 Hands oi Scotland, wlio eled their Chiftains; and
if they do not govern them, according to their Advice and Coun-
fel, they dilown them, and take themlclves to another. This fays
our Author is a very grofs Miftake, and an impofing upon Man-
kind; for the Highland Chiftains are as abfolute and hereditary in
their own private Families, as any JVlonarchs in the World, Yea,
fuch Slaves ire their Followers to them, that they often follow
them aj^ainft their own native Prince. A fecond Argument of Bu-
chanans is from the Murder offcveral of our Kings by the People,
but all thele Murders weie againft the Laws of God, and not from
any Right in the People; yea, fo far were the People from claim-
in" it, that they were all committed by private Confpiracies. His
third Argument is from the Inftances of John Baliol and King
Robert Bruce ; but We fliall not infift upon this^ we having fully
confidcred it, in the firft Volumis of this Works To all which out
Author adds the Confideration o^ Bruce s not fucceeding by the
Choice of the People, but by the Aftiftanceof fuch of his friends
as joined him, and Conquered the Nation from the Englijh, and
for which, by that Right, it ought to belong to him and his Suc-
cefTors. Buchanans laft Argument is from the Inftance of Kine
parries the 3d, whom the People very juftly punifticd fays he, and
the States of Parliament approved of what they had done. To
this our Author anfwcrs, by giving the Chara(5fer of King fames^
whofe only Fault was, that for the encouraging of Learning, he put
more RefpeO: upon the Men of Letters in his Time, who were ge-
nerally of^mean Parentage, than upon his Nobility who were igno-
rant, for whicli thev contpired, and rofe in open Rebellion againft
him, tho more than thd third Part of the People were on the
King's Side, and the Parliament that approved of their Procee-
dings was conftitute of the Rebels thcmlelvcs, Who had forced
the young Prince his Son to head them againft his Father, and to
concur will} ihem in what they have doncj tot wliich^ when he

L 1 1 1 1 1 i c*^

504 rije Life of ADAM BL^CKVfOOD, Vol. Illl.

came to Age, he gave public Acknowledgment of his SorroW and
Repentance. And fof Buchanan (Tays our Authorj to bring thii
for an Argument of their legal Proceedings, is the utmofl Pjecc oi
Impudence.

From our own Hiftories, Buchanan proceeds to Foreign Hiftories
to fhow the Power of the People over Kings: But our Author makes
it appear, that he is as much miftaken in them as in our own Hi-
ftories. In the 23d C\up:ei Buchanan acknowledges indeed, That
the Kin2,so( J udah and Jfrael were not (ubjedt to the People, but
to God, from whom they alone had their Power, and therefore,
could only be punifhed by God. But (fays our Author) is not this,
contrary to the Dodrine both of the Old and New Tcftarpenr, God
himfelt having declared, That by Htm all lOngs reign; and St.
Pjm/, That there is no Power but of God ? But (proceeds Bucha-
nan) it is quite othcrwife in thofe Kingly Governments that have
their Power from the People, fuch as that under the Prdtors, De-
cemviri and Didators of Rowe, the Dukes of Venice, and that of
Scotland. To this our Author appeals to all that have ever read
any thing of thefe Governments, if any of them has the leaft Rela-
tion to that of Scotland; but he ftill proceeds in his wilful Igno-
rance, in confounding the Regal and Popular Government toge-
ther. After this our Author aiifwcrs two Inftances that Buchanan
gives of the Power of the People over their Kings in Regal Govern-
ments ; the Firft of rhefe is from tlie French Hiftory, where the
States depofed Childcric, the laft of King Clevis s Race,' and made
Pefin King in his Place; but the true Matter of Fa(5l was, that Pf-
pn having made himfelf Mafter of France, the French, that they
might have fome Excufe for themfelves, fent to Pope Zachary^
and Boniface, Bifhop ofMentz,, to know their Minds, whether or
not they fKould acknowledge Childeric their lawful King, or Pepin
the Conqueror ; both the Pope and the Bifhop were for the ftrong-
eft Party, and gave their Opinions for Pepin, hoping that he
would alllft the Popedome, which was then almofl ruined, by the
Divifions in Italy ; and they were not deceived, for Pepin not only
affifted the Pope, but was the main Inftrument of raifing it to its
prefent Greatnefs, as we have fhown in the Life of S, Boniface, in
the firft Volume of this Work, and poor Childeric was thruft into
a Monaflcry : Befides, tho' the People had afTumed their Pow-
er to themfelves, which they never had, fays our Author ; yet one
Example can never have the Force of a Law, and the Laws
are not to be examined by Examples, for we are not to look to
what is done, but to what ought to be done. His other In-
ftance is in Chrtjliern, King oi Denmark, who was not depofed bjr
the unanimous Confent and Power of the People, as Buchanan
fuppofes, but by a Fadlion of the Nobility and Clergy, the Con-
fequence of which was, that both Denmark and Sioeden, had the
Misfortune to be made the Scene of a confufed and fatal Anarchy,
and to groan under the tyrannical Dominion of as many Sove-
reigns,

Vol. III. One of the Senators of Poictiers. 505

rait^ns as there were Lords that could raife any Forces, or were Ma-
Itefs of a Caftle or Fort : Every private Qiiarrel was the Occafion
of a War, and the contending I'artics made ufe of the Name of
Kin^; Cjnntfon, his Competitor, and King ChnJIiern,^ to cover'their
Riline tip i« Arms with a Pretence of Authority, tho! at the bottom
thev did not own the Right or Intereft ot cither of thefe Princes.
And duiin" the Time that this Scene of Difordcr laftcd, the King-
doms were^erpetually dilhaded with inteftine Wars; and thePeo-
dlc were fo weary of a Liberty that expofed them to fo many terri-
ble Miferies, that they demanded a King with extraordinary Eager-
ne(s and Importunity, preferring an cafy Subjeftion to a wild and
troublefom Freedom. And this (Tays our Author) is the Cafe of all
Ele-ftive Monarchies, as wc fee at this Day in ToUnd, that affords
fo many bloodv Tragedies in the choofing of their Kings ; and
which fhews the Excellency of an Hereditary Monarchy.

In the I4.th Chapter our Author examines Buchanans Compari-
fon betwixt the Regal and the Papal Power. The Popes (fays Bti-
chanan) who are in Powci* far above all Kings, yet are fubjedled to
the Laws ; for by the Council ot Baftl they arc fubjedted to a Ge-
heral Council : Some of them have been depofed, and others have
had their Bodies, after they were dead, and their Afhes thrown in-
to the Ttber : And why then ought not Kings, who are much in-
ferior to them, be puniOi'd and fubje<5l to the Laws as well as they ?
The Comparifon is ridiculous from the Pen of a Protejlant : But
(fays our Author) Is this a Way ofRealoning; Becaufe the enraged
Populace have done fuch and fuch Tilings to the Popes, therefore
they ought to do them to Kings! 'Tis'^not the Matter of the pre-
fent Debate, what has been done, but what ought to be done ac-
cording to the Laws : Bcfidcs, there is no Parity in the Compari-
fon, for the Popes are to be judged by the Church, whom God Al-
mighty has infpired, and promifcd to aflift to the End of the World :
Bu? the Kin"s mufl be judged by the People, whofe Judgements
have been ahvays condemded by all the wife Men in the feveral
Ages of the World The Judgment of the Populace (fays Cicero) (a)
is the very Fountain of all Ermr : And their Eyes and Ears (fays So-
crates) (b) arc the worfl Witneffes in the World ; they being like a
huge brutal Animal, tliat neither from it felf or others is capable of
being taught the Truth of Things-; yea, fo uncapabl? are they of
being wife Judges, that they never fail to perfecute and difgrace
thole that do them any Good': And therefore Socrates, Plato s Ma-
fler, fays, (c) That becaufe they are not capable of being taught
the Diftercnce betwixt Juflice and Unjuftice, they are not capable
of being Judges. And Phocion, that prudent and wife judge a-
mon-jfl^lie Athenians, (d) having one Dav pronounced a Sentence
which was highly applautied by the People, he turned himfclf to
his friends, and asked them if lie had faid any thing that wis amifs,

M m m m m m faf-

f4j 1 ufc. » d. J-.olb. Ku.nt.pra PU>. (0 P»»to l« Aleib. i ii OiJo.. » Uh. < di R.ef aklicJ Oi ia ildk 1.
(J) Flul. la Wiucion.

5o6 The Life of ADA M BLACK'^OO D, Vol. Ill

fLjfpe(ftin<T his own Judi^mcnt when he found the People approving
of K. A°[^rcat many (uch Sayings are quoted by our Author from
the Ancients ; but we (hall conclude all with the S lying of a wife and
pious Kifhop, who being ask'd what was theThing in the World that
nioft differed honi Truth, anfwcred, Tl}e Judgment of the Vnlgflr.
Buchanan havnig torelccii all this, lays, That by the People he un-
dcrdands the Rcprcicntativcs of ihc People in Parliament; and if"
they traiifgrcfs, they arc to be judged b) the whole People. Thus
he is driven to a thoufand Shifts, tofupport his precarious Notions
about Government, and would run us ((ays our Author) to the
oreateft Confullon and Anarchy imaginable, by devolving all up-
on the Judgment of the Mob. But this (Tays our Author) will
yet more appear, by examining the firft Rife of Parliaments, and
their Nature and Conftitution amongft us: Which he does in

The ijrh Cliapter. 'Tis plain from our Hiftorics, That for fc-
vcral Hundreds ot Years wc hud no Parliaments but our Kings ; and
the French having contradcd a flridt Friendfhip and Alliance
betwixt the two Nations, we by degrees came into a great many of
their Culloms, and amongft the reit, to that of Calling Parliaments,
which fi"nifies no moie than a Conference with their Subjccfts; as
it appenrs from the Word Parliament, which, in ir^w/?, fignifies
Conference , for thefe Princes beiug willing to recffifie (Vharevcr
Grievances their Sub)e<fl:s complained ftf, out of their Royal Cle-
mency called tliem together to hear their Complaints; and upon
their humble Supplications and Intreatics, they made fuch Laws
as they thought He for their Eafe and Relief. And this is plainly
the hirt Rile and Nature of them, for they cannot meet without
being called by the King : And all Meetings of the Subjeds with-
out the King's Calling of them, both by th'eir Laws and ours, is
called Hi^h 'Treafon ; neither can they mafce any Law but what
has t!ie Royal Confent : And the King can approve or rejed what
he pleafes. From which (Tays our Author) it plainly appears,
that the Parliament can claim no Power over their King, their very
Being and Conflitution depending allanerly on the King's Cle-
mency.

In the 26th Chapter our Author examines and refutes what
Buchanan favs concerning the Coronation Oath. From the firfl
Foundation of our Monarchy, (fays Buchanan) our Kings have al-
ways, at their Inaugurations, (worn to the People to obferve the
Laws and Cuftoms of their PredecefTors : By which it plainly ap-
pears, that liiey hold their Crown of the People j and upon the
Breach ot their Coronation Oath, they can transfer it to another.
To this our Author replies. That what he fays of the Oath's being
taken by all our Kings from the firft Foundation of the Monarchy,
is talfe ; for the Firft who took this Oath was King Gregory, who
flouriflied more than a Thoufand and two hundred Years after the
Foundation of the Monarchy : Neither was this impofed upon him
by the People, but a voluntary Oath of his own, which he took

out

Vol. 111. one of the Senators of Poitiers. <cr7

out of mere Zeal, and by which he bound himfelf only to a ftri(5t
Obfcrvation of the Laws, both Spiritual and Temporal; for he
could not bind his Pofterity, who, by the Law of Succeffion, were
as abfblutc as he : Neither did he or any of his SuccefTors fwear un-
to the People, but unto God Almighty, from whom only they hold
their Crown and Sceptre ; and as a Proof of this, they fwore to the
Bifhop, wlio anointed them in God's Name and by his Authority.
Belides (fays our Autlior) by the old Oath, they fwore to maintain
the ancient Catholic Faith of the Church of Rome, and the Laws
that were enadfed for tliat End : So that if this Oath was obliga-
tory upon them and their Pofterity, they had caufed their youne
King perjure himfelf in, taking a contrary Oath, for the Supporting
of the Reformed Religion.

In the 27rh Chapter, our Author refutes Buchanans Interpreta-
tion of Samuets Words concerning the Office of a King. The Peo-
ple (fays TiHchanctn) foolifhly delir'd a King, when they had Sa-
tnuel who was their lawful King 5 and they would not only have a
King, but a Tyrant too, for they would hayc fuch an one as the
Nations about them had, who were all Tyrants; for the People of
Afia were a mean difpirited People, and only fit for Tyranny :
And never was it known by Hiftory that they iiad lawful Kings. To
this our Author anfwers, That 'tis verv furprizing to fee a Man of
Buchanans Parts atfirming that Samuel was the lawful King of I(ra-
el, when not only all the Catholic Writers, but even the Protefl:-
ant Writers fay, That Samuel was only one of their Judges ; for the
fewtjh Govetnwem, till then, was a Theocracy, God himfelf be-
inp their King;' and therefore he fays unto Samuel in the fame
Chapter, for they have not rejedfed thee, but they have rejeded mCy
that I (hould not reign over them. And the Scripture is always plain
in diflinguifhing betwixt the Kings of l[rael and the Judges of JJ-
rael. Bcfides (fays our Author^ can it be imagined, that if Samuel
had been their lawful King, that they would have made choice of
him to choofe them another ? Neither is it to be thought, that
God here intends that the Kings that lliould reign over them fhould
be Tyrants; for that were to accufe David, Solomon, and all the
other good Kings they had, of Tyranny. And as to what he fays
of the mean and flavifh Spirits, and of the tyrannical Government
of the jifiatic Nations, he fhows himfelf ignorant in the Hiflories
of ihefe Nations. And Cicero, Solinus, and all the other wife Men
amongfl the Ancients, have extolled them for their Humanity, Ci-
vility and Ingenuity, above the mofl of all other Nations in the
World.

In the fame Chapter our Author fhows, how Buchanan perverts
feveral other Paffa^es of Scripture, as particularly that of St.
Paul, Let every Soul be juhje6i to the higher Powers, for there is no
Power but of Cod, the Powers that be are ordained of God, zvhofo-
ever therefore refifteth the Power^ refifleth the Ordinance of God^
gnd they that rejtfi^ fhall receive to themfelva Damnation : All this

Mmmrammi ( fays

50iJ T^r /.//<? 0/ ADAM BLACKWOOD, Vol. III.

(fays Btichcimm ) is to be underflood of good, ,and not of wicked
Kings and -Tyrants. TOthis our Author anfwers, thdD there i^ not
the lead Shadow for (uch an InterpretatioW, either from the A-
poftle's Words, or trom the Pracf^ice of Chrifi and his Apoffles;
tor wc find, that our lUcded Lord and Saviour (ubn)ittcd to the
wicked Pontius Pilate, whocaufed crucify him, and reproved Peter,
for relifting the wicked Rulers who apprehended him, and all the
Apoftles fubmitted to their Pcrfecutors, and that not for I-car, but
for Gonfciehce Sake : And their immediate Followers and Dilciplcf,
the Primitive Chnftians did the like, under the Heathen Kmpe-
rors (a)- And this Dodrine of Reflftance, is againfl the whole Te-
nor of our BlelTed Lord and Saviour's Life and Dodrine. But Bn-
chitnan finding the New Tcftamcnt not To fit for his Purpofe, as the
Old, has Recourfe to tlie Example of Jehtis cutting ot]: Joram (/>),
and the whole Royal Progeny, for the Sins of their Houfe: To this
our Author replies, that jorcim was not killed whilfl he was
King, but after that Jehu was anointed King in his Pfacc, by
the Prophet, and fpcci.u Command of God.

In the 18 Chapter, our Author refutes three Arguments that
Buchanan brings, againfl the Power of Kings, the firfl is. Since
God Almighty, without any Diftindlion of Perfons, orders tliac
they fliould be puniflicd for their Wickednefs, according to his Ho-
ly Law, wliy Kings fhould be exempt more than others he does
not lee. To this our Author replies, that God has exprefly decla-
red, that their Punifhrncnt belongs only to him, for by him Kings
reign, and the Hours of Kings are in his Hands, to turn them as
he plealcth ; bur, fays Buchanan, the punifhing of Vice is a Part of
the Kingly Office, io the OfHce of the Hangman or Execu-
tioner, is a Part of the Kingly Office, but none will think becaufc
of that, he himfelf is exempt from all Punifhment, when he tranf-
grefTes tlic Laws. To this our Author replies, diat to order the
Laws to be put in Execution againfl Offenders, is indeed a Part of
the Kingly Office, becaufe there can be no Empire without Jurif-
diftion (c) ; but to put them in Execution iiimfelf, is no Part of
his Office, for by the fame Argument, fays he, it would follow,
that the Devil's punifliing of thofe that God condemns to eter-
nal Fbmes, is a Part of the Divine Jurifdidion and Empire, which
none but a Mad-man will affirm; the Kingly Office confifts in
commanding, prohibiting, and permitting what he pleafes; but
the Hangman's Office, is only to put his Laws in Execution, which
has nothing either of real or mixt Empire or Jurifdidion in it.
But fays our Author, this unmannerly and ridiculous Expreffion of
Buchanans, only fhows his inveterate Malice and Spite at all
Kings whatfomever. Buchanans next Argument is, That if Ty-
rants reign by God's Command and Approbation, then God i?
the Author of Evil, as if God's being the Author of Government,

(-fays

J ^^ n ■ ■ I ■ I I ■ 1 . . *^

(«) Eufeb. Hift. Lib. 5. Cip. 27. Nirtph. 1. 1. C. 17. Tertul. in Apo|. C. J. (i) King't Book. ». C. >. »»<J 10. (.) L. J-
D. dc jniii om. Jud. Glofi ad L. i. D. de oAc. ejui eui mod. eft jucii.

Vol.111. one of the Senators of J^oi6tkis. 509

(fays our Author) fhould make him the Caufe of all Mifrnanage-
mene, and wicked Anions, that the Governors or Princes of this
World are guihy of. And no lefs ridiculous and abfurd is the third
and laft Argument, 'Vizj. St. Paul, fays Buchanan, commands us
to be fubjedt to all Powers whatfomever; that is to fay, Citizens
to their Magiftrats, Soldiers to their fuperior Officers, (^c. But
none will deny, but that all of them can be punifhed, when they
tranfgrefs the Laws. In Anfwerto this our Author fays, that he is
afhamed, to fee a Man of Buchanans Parts and Learning, argue fo
fooliftily and childifhly, as if he -knew not, that all the inferior
Alagiflrats are fubjedt to, and can be punifhed by the fupreme
Magiflrat, who is anfvi'erable to none, but to God j for by all the
Laws in the World {a), it was never known, that the Inferior was
allowed to corre(5t and punifh his Superior ; but on the contrary.

In the 29th Chapter, our Author examines Buchanans Notions
concerning Tyranny, and fhows, that there are two Sorts of Tyrants,
the firfl are thefe who are lawful Kings, but abufe their Power,
to whom ve are bound to be fubjed, and to whom the primitive
Chriflians fubjecfled themfelves, with all the Alacrity and Cheer-
fulnefs imaginable, as wfe learrt from their Writings : The other
Sort of Tyrants are your Ufurpers, whom the Gractan and Roman
Laws allowed every one to kill, and to whom the Ancients pro-
mifed great Rewards (I;) for killing them, whereas they were orde-
red to be fubjc(5f, and to obey their lawful Prince (c), whether his
Commands were jaft ot unjufl.

In the jdth Chapter our Ahthot fhows, what a wretched Re-
prefentation Buchanan gives of the Chriflian Religion : When Paut^
( fays he ) commanded the Chriflians to be fubjedt to the Superi-
or Powers, it was in Oppofition to a Notion that then had crept
in amongfl tjiem, that they being redeemed by the Son of God,
and governed by his Holy Spirit, were not bound to be fubje(5t to
the Empire of one Man. Be fides (fays hej the Chriflians at that
Time, w6re neither numerous, powerful or rich. Thus (fays our
Authdr) he makes St. Paul oppofe a Notion of his own Contri-
vance, and for which, he has no Authority, and makes the A-
poflle accommodate his Dodtrine to their Circumflances, which St.
Irenms (4) tells us, was the Dodtrine of the Gnojlicks of old, who
faidf That our Saviour and his Apoflles had taught fomc Things,
that W^re not firicflly true in themfelves, but accommodate to the Cir-
cumflances of tlie Times and Perfons, as if the Laws of God were
like the Laws of Men, variable, and accommodated to the Times.
And as for what he fays, of the Chriflians obeying, bccaufc they
were not powerful and rich enough to refifl. Our Author fhows,
from the Writings of the Primitive Chriflians (e\ that they had a
difTerent Notion of the Apoflle's Meaning, ana that they looked
upon the Doftrine, of being fubjedl to the Superior Powers, as an
BfTential Article of their Holy Religion, and of an eternal Obliga-

N n n n n n tion ;

■ ■ ■ ■ •■ ^

(«) On. <)ui rcMct. 1 1, f u. M. (4) Vidt plm. in Afit 6c Tirt>o». (0 L. i it of«r. mt. bwc. WJ Uk- !• <^t- *>
(<; Tiilt t. C/riiu. kfA. I. TtniL U i«t|>«L Q»t. 4. It <«Mft Ji4m>, C«r ).

^10 <77;^ L//> o/" ADA M BLACKWOOD, Vol. 11/.

tion; and fo xar were they from refifting wlien they had Power,
that Tcrtnllian tells us {n). That they futFcrcd thcmfclvcs to be
pcrfccutcd for their Religion, when they were as numerous and
powerful as the Romans themfelves, but tliat they fubmittcd for
Confcience Sake, being commanded fb to do by their Lord and
Mafter ; and k was a wife Saying of Seneca (b) Rex Ji mccntcm pu-
nit., cedendum efi JufiitiAy ft innocent em, cedeadum cfi for tun a.
.. In thejifl. Chapter, our Author, after lie has anfwcred fome
triflinT Objciffions ot Buchanans., taken from tlie old Teflament,
he fliows from our Hiflories, how that all the Barons and Lords
have their Lands and Dignities from our Kings, that they confti-
tutcd all the legal Courts in the Nation, and that by all our anci-
ent Laws, it was high Treafon to own any other Superior but the
King ; fo that an abfblute Monarchy is the very Nature and Elfcnce
of our Conftitutiou; and fince it is an Axiom, both in the Divme
and Humane Laws (c), that an Inferior can never judge a Superior;
the Tarliament, wliofc Members have all their Lands and Digni-
ties from the King, and who are conflituted Jby the Kin^, can ne-
ver be the Knig's Judge.

In the jld Chapter, our Author anfwers Buchanans Argument
from the Nature of the King's Office. Tiiat the People is better
than the King (fays Buchanan) is evident, becaufc a King is made
by God for the Good of the People, and if tliere were no People,
there would be no King, for there would be no ufe for him : So
when the King is calld to be judged before the People, the Infe-
rior is call'd before the Superior. By this way of Reafbning (fays
our Autlior) which he brought from St. Leonards College, the
Sheep is better than the Shepherd, the Scholars, than their Maflerj
the Sick than tire Phyfician, the Pupil, tliat]^ the Tutor, ^c. for if
'twere not for the Sheep there would be no Sheplicrd, no Mafler,
but for the Scholars, no Phyfician, but for the Sick, no Tutor, but
for the Pupil, ^c. But the moft learned Faher the Lawyer {d) has
proven the Neceflity of this Superiority of Kings over the People
in all Cafes St. Aiigtijiine and St. Jerom exprefly agree to the fame
Dodlrine (f), and all the Docftoirs, of the Primitive Church.
• In the ^jd Chapter our Author fhews from Hiflory, the fatal
Confequences and bloody Tragedies that have followed upon the
dividing of the Supreme Power j according to that of the Poet, (J)

Summo dulcius unum
Stare loco; fociifque comes dtfcordta regnis.

He likcwife fhows, from the Nature of Government, and the
Authority of the Learned in the Laws and Policies, that 'tis impof^
Ijble to lodge the SupretHe Power in the People, without falling
into Anarchy and the greateftConfufion in the World.

In the ^4th and laft Chapter, our Author fumms up the whole

Con-

(ia) in Apologu Cap. 1?.- (i) Lib; uititt, Op-JO. — (.) C«iwCU»u:o» & CUnoo Majornm i. qu./. (d) Popolaj,
Norn, y ^ Sed & pleb; 8c ^ Ex nou fcrifto. Num. g. loftiu d« jal» NtC. Cent. £c Cir. (•) laPOl. LL X<i« /«'</<"'«'•
(/) Sue. Ftfia, Lib. I. Theobald:

Vol. III. Om cf tbe Senators of Poi(5tier5. ^^

Controverfy, and fhews the mutual Duties of Subjedts and Kings
and that all Kings fhould be fcar'd and obcy'd by their Subjecfh •
but they are only anfwerable to God for their Tranfgreffions*
according to that of the Poet ;

Regum timendorum in proprios'greges^
Reges in ipjos imperium tfl Joi)is.

Queen Eliz^aheth having ftruck oft the Head of Mary Queen of
Scotland in tiie Year 1 587, as we have fliewn in the Life of that 11-
luftrious Princels, our Author, the very next Year, publifhed »n
French^ at Antwerp, the Hiftory of her Martyrdom, which we have
frequently cited in the Hiftory of her Life : To which he has an-
nexed a Colledion of Poems, in Ldtin, Irench and Italian, upon
both thofe Queens, by feveral Hands : In the Life of Queen Mars
we have inferred fome of our Author's upon her ; and here we fliaU
give one or two of his upon Queen Eliz^bethy by which the Reader
may judge of the reft.

In teterrimA ac trHculentiJsintA oAnglorttm Reginx, Eliz^bethA
Tender Ai Anagramma.

Blizjaheta Teudera^
Vade, Jez^abel tetra.
II, 1(5, 13, 14, 3, 4, 5, (5, I, 2, 10, II, 8, 15, 9.

Tetraftichon.

Vxor yihab, j€Z,abel, quondam fevifsiwa peflis^

SanCtos occidens, Tartara nigra petit :
Si( tu Tetra Dei qua Chrijlos tangis iniquef

jEtemiSf Jezjabel^ vade eremenda rogis.

Epitaphium Elizabethse Titheras, Anglse.

QVAM natA flupro fufcepit oydvunculus, (f quam
Jnceftn tripliciy pro genetrice Joror.
Nominis ancipitem Cxli produxit in atirasy
Ticquiririo frolem quAjinematre tulit.
Alultis fojfa vtris, Veneris lafciva jacerdos',

At nexu cajli libera conjug^ii.
Ne male, cum vetlet, tribAdos foret Amula Sapphus,

Turbaretve facros jufia querela jocos.
Hoftis Ccelicolum, PatriA crudelis Erinnys^

£t fidei (^ famA prodiga, parca boni.
Mi.chorum vote Dominam moiHavit, (^ aras

Polluit infonti fan^uine turpi s anus.
Numinis irati jlagrum., fine Numine vixic
Tarda nimis, Stygiis prAda recepta rogis :
Dum luat infanA damnata per'icula vitAy
Hicjacet Etinjabetk fi bene fecit, habct.

NnnnnnZr In

511 The Life of ADAM hi ACKV/OOD, Vol. J 11.

In the Year 1598, our Author publiflied a Manual of Devotion*
at Poitiers, dedicated to James Beaton Archbifhop of Glaf^ow.
The Occafion of his writing this Book, which con/ifts of Prayers
and Toems upon Divine Subjc(5ts, was, That he ulually read the
mod of the Nii^lu, and had thereby fo weakened his Eyes, that he
could hardly know his Children it they were but ten Foot diftant
from him : For vvliicii the Archbifhop advifed him to a more ufe-
ful and fafe Way to employ his Time, which was in frequent and
fervent Prayers to God.

In the Year 1606, our Author publifhcd at Paris a Poem upon
King James VTs Inauguration, which he dedicates to the King;
and two Years after he publifhed his Meditatiohs Ufiori thci fiftiech
Pfalm, c^Jiferere r^ei Dei4s, which he dedicates to the Bifhdp of
Clalgow. h-\ the Year 1609 ^^ publifhed at Po/r?/>r^, a Colletftion
of all his Latin Poems, which he dedicates to the Chancellor of
France. And in the Year i6\l, he publifhed at Poitiers, his ^d
Book De njinculo Religionis (^ Imperii. And thefe arc the Books
wiiich our Author has publifhed, and which were colle(5led altoge-
ther in one Volume in 4^0, and publifhed at Paris in 1644, with
Ills Life, wrote by the famous Gabriel Naudms, Bibliothecar to
Cardinal Mazjarin; who highly commends him for his great Know-
ledge in the Laws, his Loyalty, and Zeal for his native Prince and
Country, his great Prudence and So'^acity in his managing of pub-
lic Affairs, his exemplary Life and Converfation, and his profound
Knowledge in all the Parts of Literature ; in which, if he was not
above, he wi»s equal to any of the Age he lived in. Much to the
fame Purpofe are tiie Elogiums given him by George Con (a)y Dem-
pjier (b\ Barclay (c) and Widdrington (d). The fame Naudms tells
us, That he wrote a Supplement to Hedor Bo/VsHiftory, which he
lived not to finifh, and which is ftill in Mfs.

He died ili idl^, in the 74th Year of his Age* leaving eleven Chil-
dren behind him, 4 Sons (of wiiich one attained to his Father's Scna-
toriart Dignity at Poitiers) and 7 Daiighters. He was mod fplendid-
Iv interred at Poi6iiert, in St. PorchdriHss Church, befide his Brother
George-, under a Marble Monument, with this Infcription upon it J

D. M.

HAVE, hiatoT, & tluiirt oculii Saxum. Hic Adamus Blackv»(L(Us, HoUlk Scotut, itfofiiui jti-
lit, qui nunquam jtuuit vivui, & adhuc ftartt, fi virtuii parceret faua. FiliuiU^iUittmi, in-
ilitorum Mnjurum ferit in Caled aia noti ; qutm mtiUm, ft natus ninfuijfet, frtHitiJfttii fiti-
mi. Ntpts RoitiU Reidai, Onadum Efifcofii ; ftcreliorii Scotiii Confilii Princifis, ad Sumnwi Poatifi-
us Adnanum VI. Ctememcm Vll. Pautum III. (j Rigti ChrijliamffmK, Francifcum I. & Htitricurm
II. tX Hetnicum Britannia VIII. fafius l^gnii. OneraJJtttl alium tot maina nomina, ifii futre ad
virtuiim Imit amentum, ut huic ttlam alien 7hemi/l(xti, icgati iLiui Miltiadli tropha'a fomnum ferluita'
tent, fir I imatiorii Uteratura, & Uieiiliarumferme omnium ac lingudrun fciem, ft videlicet, ApJ-
linii laurot mlitanhus Jamilia palmis adjungeret. Mngnt Maiitt Stuartd perquam cbarui, ejufdem
fandioris ComiliT ndftjfot. Senator Piilavitnfii & Scatinus : in gnendis maximii rebus (j legatiomhut
etd Prittcipei, praclare verfatus. Ut agnof.ai quota pars Jllius hic laieat, qui Stoiiam, Angliam (3 GaU
ham fuo nomine complrvtrit. p'lxit annoi 74. per omnes honorum & virtutum iradus exaRos : Reli-
gionii fludioHjJimui, Jufliiia tennx, l^irluitim amans, Offuiorum immodicui, fidei tj chJervantiM erga
Principes retinentiffimut. Talem tjjenimirum oporteiat, iujus, in tarn perverja atate, mors vi fa eft omni-
tut immttura.Oiiit Anne Salutit MDCXXlII. fermuliu fummt erudiiionid virisexitiali, quafilatartt
Liitratorum Reffuilica, tanto fukimentt comujfa. Sic tmnes morlMur, (auci fie vivimut. Vale (7 pt'ge.

THE

(«) In vii> MiriB Stiurla, & in Primit.ii Scoiicii, V. 35. (*) Hlft. Eccltf. P. nfi. («) Dc E.Cg»0 fit Reglli Pote«.
Urcir. Msmrch. P . t, ^<l) la Afolof Ctfd.StlUliB. ft* jui* P<lncir. f. JfS, iff.

Vol. III. J, J

"■■■ —■■■■■■ .« , . ^^1 ^ , , I '^im^^'^^i^m^^m^^m^

The Catalogue of his Works;

I. ADP'ERSUS Gcorgii Buchanani D'talogiim de Jure Regtti

^^ npud'i,coto<iy pro regibus apologia, Pid. ij8o. in %vo.
}I. De <i*TnrTth- Religiums ^ Imper'ti, Liber tert'tus, Pift. x6\x.'tn %vo.

III. DeJ!J*»atk Religion'n fef Imperii, Lib. 2. Parifiis, in %vo. 157;.

IV. In pfalmumV):L\\6\s quifiquagefsmumy ctijtiiinititim ejl, Mifereremd.
Dcus, Pid:. 1608. in Svo.

V. SanFldnitn precationam proemia, Pi(fl. 1J98. /« %vo.

VI. Varii generis poemata, Pid:. 1^09. /« 8t;<;.

VII. Jacobi I. Magna Britannia, feu Scotangliaj 6f Hibcrnfx Regts
inauguratto, Parifiis, in ^0, 1606.

VIII. Martyre deMin&Stnait Reyned'E/coJ/e, en Ameis, inivo. ij88.

Omnia Blackvodaei opera ha&enus enumerata, tn itnutn colleEJa
cura Gondii 'i^zxxQs.i^prodierunt Parifiis /« 4/(7. 1544,

THE

Life o£ yAMES B0NAFENTURj4z,Y^
HEP BURN, of the Order of the^^^'

Minims,

HIS Gentleman was born in the Shire o? Ea/l-/othian,Wi&nktni
upon the 14 Day oijuly i J73- atid was Fourth Son ''*""**'
to Thomas Hepburn, Redor of old Hamfioch, for in
fbme manufi:ript Obfcrvations, writ by his Father,
and now in my Cuftody, I find this following Rcgifter
of the Births of all his Children {a).

1. Die p 4 Januarii, fub horam nonattt matutinam. An, i^6i, natut ejt
Thomas Hepburn.

2. Die I, 6 Mali, hora feptima pojl meridiemy tiatus <r^ Georgius Hep-
burn, /In. 1564.

3. Die o 10 Aug^fti, anno 1^67. paulo ante meridiem, natus eji Ale-
xander I Icpburn.

4. Die ^ 14 ]\x\iiy fub horam decimam matutinatny An. i^7Z' ttdtusefl
jacobus Hepburn.

J. Die o hora 3. pomtridianay 17 Augufti, 157;. «<i/w^Thcophi-

lus Hepburn,
6. Die (J 24 junii, . 1578. hora.ttena matuti^a, f^fuf ^fi Joanne*

Hepburn.

O o o o o o 7' Dt*

if) m, HiOorr d ki* ur*. /••• w, .

\^A The Ufeoj] AMES BONAVENTURA HEPBURN, Vol. Iff.

^>^A^ 7 Die i d Oaobris, i^?^- M horam ^ matutinam^ natns ejl l^oWi-

4/-v^ tus Hc-pburn. ,;•/•/ • ,

8 D'l! » 3 julii, 1581. hora paulo plmjecunaa pomeridiana, rtatm efl

Patricius Hepburn.

o. Die S 3 JuHi, \^ii. patdoante htam fecumlam matntmdrn, mtiis

' ejl Francifcus Hepburn*

Hs Ejua- He had his Education at the Univafity of St. An^revji, wU.crc, after
'^' W had finidicd his Studies in Humanity andPhilpfophy, he applied him-
felf to the Study of the Oriental Languages, in which he made fuch,4
wonderful Progrefs, that nope of his Age was comparable to him : His
Father brought him up in. the Proteftant Religion, but being induced to
go over to the Communion of the Church of Rifme, he went over to
HisTuvd.. yy„„ce and Italy ; and from thence he travelled through Turk^^ Ferfia,
Syia, -Pnlepfie, E'."\pt, Ethiopia, and mod of the caftern Countries j by
Vhich Meiuis he attained to fuch a Perfection in all the Languages, that
it is (aid, that he could have travelled over the whole Earth, and fpokc
to each'Nation in theii own Language : But whatever Exaggeration
jnay he in this, . it may be fajd without any Vanity, that there never was
a Nation that produced a Perfon that was Mafter of fo many Languages
as he was Mafter of ; as I (liall make appear by an authentick Document
in the following Account of his Life.
HeenwRin- Upon his Rctum ftom his Travcls, he enters into the Order of the
*^(('uj^'^I^^nif»( at Aul^mn. The f^rft Founddr pf this Order, was St. Francis
' de Paid(iy who built towards the Year 1467. a fmall Monaftery near to
the City of that Name, where, feveral religious People were brought up
under a Rule of his own Contrivance ; which was approven oi by Pope
Sixtus IV. Pope Alexander VI. and by Pope Jtdim II. At firft: they
were called the Hei mites of St. Francis^ and afterwards Minims from
their calling themfelves, out of their Humility, Minimi Fratres Eremite.
After this he lived at Rome for five Years retiredly, in the /><rw/> Mona-
ftery o: the Holy Trinity, belonging to this Order, but his eminent Parts
having divulg'd his Fame thro' the whole City, he was brought out of
fteTohPe'cThis Retirement by Pope Taid V. and made Overfeer ofall the Oriental
'iTMs^n"* Books and Manufcripts that were in the Vatican, in which .Station he
•^'"""' continued for fix Years («).

Dempper who could not but know our Author, fince he lived \n Italy
at the ftme Time with him, gives us the following Catalogue of his
Works, allwhich, he fays, hehimfelf had feen.
An Account y^^ HebrcvJ Didionary, a Chaldaick Diftionary, an /irabick Grammar,
rfho orkx. ^^_^ .^^^ publiihed at Rome in 4I0. in the Year 1591. with the following
Title, Alphabetum Arabicum, ©* exenitatio letTionis.' A Commentary
upon fome Pfalms, trandated from the Hebrew into Latin. Rabbi Solo-
mon the Son of Tfemach, his Kettar Malcuth tranflated from the He-
brew into Latm. This Book, which Dimpfter intitles Diadema Regni^
was prit^ted at Fenice^ under the Title of Gloria 6f Decus Ifraelis, and
fcdnt'ainsSix Homilies or Sernlons on the dory and Privileges of God's
chofen People. Two Books writ by Rabbi Aben Ezra, tranflated from

the

(<) Vide Dcmpftcr, Hift. Ecdcf. Lib- 1- P'S- 3<i-

Vol. III. of the Order of the Minims. 515

the Hebrew into Latitty the one concerning the myftical Numbers, and
the other concerning Seven different Ways of interpreting the facrcd
Scriptures. This Rabbi /Abraham ^iben Ezra, was one of the mod lear-
ned Kabbics amongft the Jews^ he lived in the Twelfth Century, and
died in tlic Year \\6<^. He has wrote literal Commentaries on mod
Part of the Bible, which are printed in the great Bibles of Venice and
Bojil-^ and bcfidcs his Commentaries upon the Scripture, he has wrote
ieveral Books upon other SubjeiSts, as his Sepher moftti lefcon hak-
kodcfh, that is to fay, The Book of Balances of the holy Tongue;
and his Sepher ifahtit Bedikduh, that ife to fay, The Book of the Elegancy
-of Gratnmar^ and many others, needlefs to be mentioned here. Our
Author has likewifc tranflated from Hebrew into Latin^ the Canticles
or Song of Rabbi "Jofephy called Karras Kefeph^ or, The Stiver Shield.
The Sepher Kacabola o( Rabbi Abram Levtta. An Epitome or Hiort
Ciuonicle of the Affairs of the Romans. The Hiftory of the Anions of
the Kinf^s of Iftaely by an unknown Author. Several Letters writ by
the Jewtlh Rabbies. The Commentaries of Rabbi ^iintis on the Pfal-
ter. A Colledion of all the fynonymous Words that are in the Bible.
Simmus Tehdltnn, that is to fay, The Mtntfiry of the Pfalms. All thefe
Books wcie tranflated from the Hebrew into Latin^ by our Author whilft
liewasaLaickj and after he turn'd Monk, he tranflated \.\ic Sepher "J et-
zira, that is to fay. The Book of the Creat/on. This Book the J ewijh
Rabbies allcdge to haVe been writ by the Patriarch jibraham, for, ac-
cording to their Cabalift:ick Doctors, every Patriarch from Abraham to
Aiofes, had an Angel for his Mafter,who inftruded him ; and moft of
thefc Patriarchs have left Records of what paft in their Time: Thus
R.ibbi /,bram Rendior, in his Preface to this Book of Jet/ira, tells us
very gravely wh.it the Angels Names were, the Angel Raziel, fays he,
was ^^<7>«'i Mafterj Jophiel, Sem's; Zedekiel, Abraham's-, Raphael^
IfaaCs; Feltely Jacob's; Gabriel, Jofeph's ; Mefatron, Mf^fe^y ; and
Malathiely hliai's; and each of thefc Angels gave to their Scholars the
Cabal, which is the fewtJJo Tradition, and by this Means it has been
prefervcd amongft them. Now, the Chaldeans not agreeing amongft
thcmfelvcs about the Firft Principles of Religion, fome fetting up Two
firfl contrary Caufes, others Three, and others only the Sun, the Fifft
Caufe of all Things j this, according to them, gave the Patriarch A-
hraham occafion to compofe this Book of the Creation, vrhich, tho' it
be the Work of fome Impoftor who has borrowed Abraham's Name to
it, ncvcrthclefs, one may difcover in it the Remains of the Faith of the
ancient Chaldeans and Per/ianSy as it was taught them by the famoiis
linpoftor Zoroajlres.

Our Author's next Performance, was a Tranflation of the Hiftory of
^adith. A Tranflation of Rabbi Salamon, the Son of Adrathi (com-
monly call'd Rajhba) Odttts SanSlttaiis^ or, Holy IVorJhip: This Book
contains the Duties of the fews upor» their holy Days and Fafts. Rabbi
i.tvi Ben Gerfon his Commentary upon the Pentateuch: This R.abbi has
made fcvcral Commentaries upoh the Scripture, moft of which have
been printed at VeMice. A Book upon the Death of Aaron and Mo/es.
T lie Ciuonicle of Mofis the Legiflator. The Book of Tobias. . The

O o o o o o 1 fi°°*

ji<5 r/jf/.//f ^/JAMES BONAVENTURA HEPBUKN, Vol. HI.

Bool; oi Eldad, of the Tribe oi Dan. Tlic Parables oi Sandahr^ witli
the Adions of the Seven wife Men. The Proverbs of the lifty Drfci-'
pies. The Office of the BlcfTed Virgin in Hebrew Rhymes/ Saare
Hiazredehy or, Vjc Ponhei of ynjljce, by Rabbi Jo/ep/j the Son of
Kartnto'il. The Book of £«o Jj, and the t^'trga otirea. Tiie Ancients
and Moderns have been very much divided in their Opinions al)out the
Book of Enoch, as it will appear from the Hiftory of this Controvcrric
as we have it fct down in the Third Chapter of the Third Tome of F.
Simofi'a Critical Bibliotheck.

I now come to our Author's lad Performance mentioned by Dfw^-
y?(fr, wliich is \\\syirga aurea feptuagwta duobm encommcdelata; and this
is the authentick Document that I formerly mentioned of our Author's
lurprizing Knowledge in the Languages. This was communicated to mc
by the late Sir John Murray oi Glendoick ; and fincc it is a fingular
Piece of Curiofity, I fliall give the Reader a particular Account of it,
with fome Reflections upon the different Languages that are here fee
down by our Author.

This is a large Print, engraved at Rome in the Year \6i6. and dedi-
cated to Pope Paul V. Upon the Top is the BlelTed Virgiti, with a
Circle of Stars round her Head, wrapt up in a glorious Vcftmcnt, upoa
which is her Name in Hebrew-, all round her Elogiumj in Latin , Greek
and Hebrew^ proceeding like To many Rays from her j above her Head
is pidured the Father, Son, and holy Ghoftj and on each Side of her
Angels, and the Twelve Apoftles ; and under her Feet the Moon and
the Stars.

Then follow Seven Columns, in the Firft and Lad the Author, in
Latin and Hebrew, gives the Account of his Defign, in reprefcnting in
Seventy two Languages, and in Emblems adapted to fo many Paffages of
the facrcd Scriptures, Encomiums upon the blefled Virgin. The Names
of the Alphabets of thefe Languages in which thefc Encomiums are
written, I fliallhere fet down, M'ith the Emblems and Scriptures that are
writ round them, in the Language of each Alphabet.

The Firft of thefe Five Columns, has the following Alphabets, Em-
blems and Scriptures, The Babylonijh Alphabet, the Emblem, Water
flowing out of divers Conduits ; the Infcription, The Waters ofParadife^
Ecclef. ii. 4. The Hieroglyph'tck Alphabet, the Emblem, A beautiful
Mirrour; the Infcription, A Mirr our without a Spot ^ Wifd.vii, The ^-
follonick Alphabet, the Emblem, An open Book ; the Infcription, "the
Book of God's Law, Ecclef xxiv. The Egyptian Alphabet, the Em-
blem, The Head of a beautiful Woman; the Infcription, The King's
Daughter a all glorious within, Pfal. xliv. The CuJJ'ean Alphabet, the
Emblem, A great City ; the Infcription, The City of a great King, Pfal.
xlvii. The Virgilian Alphabet, the Emblem, A Woman fitting before
the fifing Sun; the Infcription, Brighter than the Sun, Wifd.vii. The
Hetrufcan Alphabet, the Emblem, A Ladder with Angels afcending and
defcending; the Infcription, Jacob's Ladder ^ Gen. 3ixviii. 12. The
Saracen Alphabet, the Emblem, A Bed with the Mother and the Babe;
the Infcription, Behold, the Bed it fs as that of King Solomon, Cant.
iii. 7. The ^Jfyrian Alphabft, the Enablpro, Judith with Qlofernefs,

Head

Vol. I If. of the Order of the Minums. ^ly

Head in the one Hand, and the Sword in the other : And thus the
Author proceeds to other Alphabets, 'vfZ^.the Armenian, i\\q T'f^
Syro-armenian, the Jllyriany the Sdean, the Ethiopian, theThenici- !^V^
an, the Jrench, the German. ^ The Second Column contains the
Gothick, the Getick, the Seythtan, the MeJJagetick, the Mercurial-
Egypdacky the Jfiack-Egyptiack, the Greek, the lonick, the ^olick,
the Attick, the Dorick, the Ld//« Graecis'd, the Coptick Alphabets,
that of the Jacobites, the Servian, the /r//^, the ^ycofj Alphabets.
In the. third Column is Pope Paul the Vths. ^idlure, beneath
which are thefe two Lutin Verfes.

'Dat minimus minimum munus tibi, Maxime mundi^
Cerne animum dantis matcriamque tibi.

There are alfo the Figures of Bathfeba and EJiher^ with the Syriack
Alphabet, and that oi the Maronites.

The 4th Column contains the Chaldaick, the PaUljin, the Canar
n&an the Per^an, the African, the Arabick, the Indian, the Turk-
ifh, the Rabinical, the German-Rabinical, the Galilean, the Spanijh
Rabinical, the Afro- Rabinical, the HchrAo-Arabicky the Syro-J^-
traick, the Myftical.

In the 5th Column are the Seraphi^k, the Supercelefiial, the
Angelical, the Enochean. the Punick, the Hebrew, the Samaritan,
the Mofaick, the Judao- Samaritan, the Idumxan, the Halo-Rabi-
nick, the Brachman, the AdamAan, the Sobmonick; the Noachick
Alphabets.

Our Author was fo expert in all thefe Languages, as to be able
to write in each of themi

Now thefe are all the Languages (and they are the moft of the ,J?'''£^
knoU'n habitable World ) in which our Author has given us a Spe- ««•
cimen of his Knowledge, and which evidently demonftrats, that
he was riot only the greateft Linguifl of his own Age, but of any
Age that has been fince the Creation of the World, and may be
reckoned amongft thofe Prodigies of Mankind, that fcem to go
beyond the ordinary Limits of Nature. Vempfier fays, That he
is mentioned with great Honour, by Vincentius Blancui, a noble
Venetian, in his Book of Letters ; and as we have already obfer-
vcd, he is highly commended, by that learned Dr. of the Canon
Law, James Gajfarel, in his Book o( Vnheard of Curiojities, pub-
liflied in Latin at Hamburg, Anno i6'j6. Dempfier fays. That
our Author died at Venice, in the Beginning of the Month o£
QUober i (5l0, . where he had gone to print fome Hebrew, Syriack,
and ChaUaick Writings ; but others fay that he died at Venice,
Anno 1(51 ij and that his Pidure is flill to be feen there, and ac
the Vatican at Rome: I defien'd, in the Account oi this learned
Linouift's Life, to have inferred a DifTcrtation on the Origine, Pro-
grels, and different Dialeds of the mofl ancient and ufeful Langu-
ages ) but this Volume having already fwelled to a fufHcicnt Bulk
aiid many Perfons of Quality and Learning urging the Publication

P p p p p p of

The Life of JAMES BONAVENTURA HEPBURN. Vol. 7//.

of ity I am forced to delay it, till an Opportunity offers in the dth
'w\-« Volume. The Catalogue of his Works, according to Demp/ler,
^^^V^ are as follow ; all which he fays he had fecn.

The Catalogue of his Works.

I. -r^ICTJONJRIVM Hebraicum.

III. Crammattca Arabica. Rom* 1591, in 4/0.

IV. Comment ar a in quofdam Pfalmos.

V. Keter MiilcHth [eu Gloria njel decus IfrcJetis, continet Ctlomilias

five Condones, Venetits.

VI. Rabbi Abraham Aben. Ezjra Lihrum, de My ft ids mmerisveftit

in Latinum.

VII. Ejufdem Librum alium de Septemplid modo interprerandi
Sacram Scripuram 'vertit.

VIII. Canttcum Jofephi Hyfapii, quod didtur Kaaris ICefoph -vel

Argentea <vertity fequentes eciam libros vertit 6c cdidit.

IX. Sepher K<.udola Rab' Abraham Levit*. E David.

X. Epitomen Chronicorum Romanorum.
XL.^ Gefta Regitm Ifraelis, mcerto Autore.

XII. Varias Rabbinorum Epifiolas.

XIII. Comment arios Rabbt Ktmchi in P fatter turn.

XIV. Synontma qua in Bibliis habentur.

XV. Summut TeUUim, i. e. Pfalmorum minifterium.

XVI. Sepher fetz^ira, feu de Creationt.

XVII. Hifionam Judith.

XVIII- R. Salomonist E Alah^ cultus fanClitatis.

XIX. libellum de obitt* Aaronis (S" (^oyfis.

XX. Chronica Moyfis Legifiatoris.

XXI. R. Levi, Ben. Gerfon Commentarios in Dtcilogum.

XXII. Librum Tobii.

XXIII. Librum Eldad, de Tribu D^n.

XXIV. Parabolas Sandabar, in quo gefiafeptemfapitntum continenWr.

XXV. Troverbia L- Dijdpulorum.

XXVI. Ltbrum Enoch.

XXVII. Saare Hiaz^z^edele, i. e. Porta Jufiiti*-

XXVIII. Offcium B. Virginis ^ H^mnos Hebraicos fecit.

XXIX. Schema LXXll Jdiomatum, fiveVirga aureOy Romaf, 1616.
§luia Be at a Vtrgo dicitur tot dnnis in vivis fuijje; (S" tile nume-
rus Di}dpulorum eft Chriftit ^ R- £• Cardinalittm, (^ tot My-
fteria in nomint Dei.

THE

Vol. III. 519

THE

An. iti;.

LlFEofJOHN NATIER, Baron of Mer-
chijlon^ the Inventer of the Logarithms.

THIS Gentleman was dcfccnded from an ancient fjjj'^e^b,
and honourable Family, ( as my good Friend "<>" "»^*
that learned Antiquary, Mr. Crawford has fliown,' *""'
in his Hiftory of the Peerage of Scotland (ay
His Father Sir Archibald Napier of Edtnhellyy
was a learned and worthy Gentleman, and Mafter
of the Mint in King "^ames the VI. Time, who had a particular
RcfpcA and Efteem for him : His Mother fanet Bothwal^ was
Daughter to Mr. Francis Bothwaly one of the Senators of the Col-
lege of Jufticc, in King James the V. Time, and PredeccfTor to the
Loid Holy-rood- houfe : He was born at Merchifion, hard by Edin-
burgh, in the Year of our Lord 155O; he had his Education at the
Univerfity of St. Andrews, as he himfelf informs us, where hearing
JVir. Chrifiofher Goodman preaching upon the Apocalyps^ he fays,
That he was fo moved at the Blindnefs of thePapifts, that he im-
mediately formed his Defign of writing upon the Re'velation^
which he did indeed afterwards perform, with a wonderful Dili-
gence and Labour; But it happened to him, as to all thofe that
have meddled with thefe obflrufe^ Myfteries, that none of them
have as yet had the good Fortune to open the Seals, fo as to con-
vince any rational Man, that they have been admitted to 'thofe
hidden Secrets of the Kingdom of Heaven: And all the Attempts
that have been hitherto made, in the Explanation of riiis Book;
have only fervedto fhow, how unfuccfefsful all their Attempts and
Endeavours that Way have proved, He «» t*

Our Author had no fooner finiflied his Studies in Philofophy hi.V.«.u^
at St. Andrews, but he was fent to his Travels by his Parents; 'l^Y'^'L,
and having flayed for fome Years in the low Countries,' France c^-,X'.
and Italy, he returned to his Native Country, and applyed him- J;,*^^"-
felt, clotely to the Study of Mathematics, in which he excelled all i^Rt*.u.
the Mathematicians of his Age. Yet • the noble Speculations of
thefe Sciences had not freed him from his Apocalyptical Vifions,
for his firft Appearance in the World, was his Commentary upon
the Ktvelation, which he publifhed under the following Title,
A plain Difcovery of the whole Revelation of St. John, jet doWri
in two Treatifes, the one jearching and proving the true Interpreta^
tion thereof ; theother applying tht fame pardplifaffically and hijlori*
cally to the Text, with a Rejolution of certain Douks, moved hy
fome well ajfeded Brethren ; zuhereunto are annexed Certain Oracles
of Sibylla, agreeing with the Revelation, and other Places of Scrip'
$ure. And this he publifhed in Quarto, itt the Year 1593. And

P p p' ^ p p i "

510 The Life of JOHN NAPIER, 'Baron of Mcrchifton, Vol. Hi-

An. |<I7.

it muft be acknowledged, that this Performance of his did verr
much amufe all Europe ; and it was immediately tranflated iotb
J)i4tck French, Italians and Latin : And many were firmly pcrlwa*
ded of the Truth of what he had advanced in his Conjcdturcs upon
thofe Vi(ions. But how much both he and they were miftaicen,
appears from tlic I4tli Propofition of his Firft Book; wherein' he
podtivcly arfirms, that the Day of Judgment was to happen betwixt
the Years 1688 5c 1700. But had he, front thefc Vjfions, calcu-
lated our 6V. W Revolution in Britain^ in ftead of that ot the World,
and foretold the grievous Calamities that have happened in Ettrope
witliin this Period and fince, he had been as much cxtoll'd for his
Knowledge in thcfe Myfteries, as he has been for his Knowledge
in Numbers, by his wonderful and furprizing Invention of tlic Jjh
garithms; of which I fliall give the Reader a brief Account.
Hcini-CTU The Ancients, in their Calculations, ufed the natural Chords ;
'i.hm'f'in the Circumference oi a Circle being divided into 360 Parts, and the
fhTirvcr.tf Diameter into i zo, with each of thefe fub-dividcd into 60.. the Sex-
•"■ agenary Divifion being the moft convenient then known : And in

thefe they ef^imated their Chords, a Table whereof we have in Pto-
lowys u4lmagefl. And thefe were the only Tables in ufc till about
the Year of our Lord 1430,' that Regiomontanus, keeping the fame
Divifion of the Circumference, divided the Diameter into 2000O
equal Parts, computing in thefe the Cliords of Half-arches, which
he call'd Sma. This is the firft Decimal Divifion of the Radius^
or wliole Sim: Yet it was the Saracens., or y4rabi ans i\\zt firft form-
ed the Sines in ftead of Chords^ we .having from them, about the
the fame Time, the nine ufeful Charaders which we call Digital
Numlers. Afterwards, to thefe Tables of Sines, Brejsius added the
Table o( Natural Tangents, which he call d -^^fr///;j ; and others,
as Vie';a, call'd them Profines. After which Joachimus Rheticus ad-
ded tlie Tables of the Natural' Secants, whicn he call'd Hypothenn-
faSy or Tranfinuofd s, All which were us'd .with a great deal of La-
bour for common Multiplication and Divifion, till Nicholaus Ray-
marus jy^thmarjus, by an Art he called Profihapherijis, lomewhat
cafed the Work. This was improved by c^aginus, in his Tables
in his Primum Mobile : Yet Calculation remained very burdenfom,
aind few would endure the Trouble of it ; which was one Rcafon
why thefe Sciences were fo much neglcc^led. But at length our Au-
thor hit upon the Logarithms, about the Year 1614, and by this
wonderful and furprifing Invention, all the Multiplications and Di-
vifions were performed by Addition and Subftradlion ; fo that there-
by all Geometrical and AftrOnomical Calculations were rendred Co
€afy, that by thefe Tables more can be done in one Hour, than in
a Day by any of the former Methods invented by all the prececd-
ing Mathematicians.

This glorious and wonderful Invention was no (boner publifhed
to the World, but 'tis incredible to believe with what a furprifing
Joy and Satisfadlion it was received by all the Mathematicians in

"^qI ill! ' the Jnventer of the Logarithm^. 5lr

Europe, and wliac Elogiums xVere beftowed upon him by Petrus ^^
CrJerus, Benjamin Vrfirte {a) John Kepkr, Mrtan VUc(\, fro- ^T?^
benms BatUhuis. And all the mod eminent Mathematicians of ^^^'^
that Ace, but by none more than by that eminent Mathematician „, b„.„,,
Henn B'm^. Saviltan Prof elTor of Geometry in the Univerfity of .»;.^s^;.i..j
Oxford: Vol he .was fo tranfported with Joy, as Dr. Smith m- c.p.ry.j
forms us, in his Life {b\ That our Authors Book, which was hrft f^»^^;^
publifhed :iz Edinburgh m i<) 14, as we have laid, became his "" "'
Boibm and Darling Companion, by Night and by Day : And in
ins publick Ledlures to his Scholars, and his private Converfe with
his Friends, Merchifions Praifes was the Theme he moftly enter-
tained them with: And having thoroughly examined this noble
Difpovcry, he wrote to our Author his Thoughts upon it, and how
that they might be further improved : Nor would this fatisfy him,
without feeing our Author himfelf. So taking his Journey ffoni
London, he csime to Merchifton, in the Year 161 5, where he ftayed
With our Author for a Month, and returned full fraughted, with
the Joy of our Author's having approved of his Improvement of
his Logarithms. And the very next Year he made another Journey
to ScotUind, to have the Happinefs of enjoying his Converfe, and
was preparing to make a third Journey, had he not been doped by
our Author's Death. Merchifions Method was indeed much im-
proved, by fucceeding Mathematicians ; and particularly the Con^
(Irudfion of theLogaiidims has been rendred very eafy, by the fa-
mous Dr. Hall^y, in that mod ingenious Effay, publifhed in the Phi-
lofophk Tranfadions (c), to which 1 refer the Reader. It ought
uot tq bo omitted, that the fame excellent Author, by confideriDg
tlK Proportions for the Solution of right angled fpherical Tri-
txyx^cs, invented the two following fhort Rules, whereby all the
J (5 Cafes of right; angled fpherical Triangles, arc eafily resolved.
Rule I. In any right angled fpherical Triangle, the Reftangle
under the Radtm, and' the Sine of the Middle Part is equal to the
Reftani^le, under the Tangents of the adjacent Parts:

Ruler. The Rectangle under the Radius, and t\\t Sine of the
middle Part, is equal to the Rectangle under the Co-fmts of the op-
pofitc Parts. .

All the Learned in thefe Matters are fufficiently acquainted with
thefe Rules, fo that I need fay nothing more of them. ^ ^^^^

Mr. Wood the Oxford Antiquary (d), fays, That one Dr. Crai^ ...ion o", hi';',
a Scots Pliyfician, who received his Decree at the Univerfity of Bafil, ^:i^^f^-;^
and WIS afterwards incorporated to tlie fame Degree, in the Uni- 'eTrf J;;::/^-*
vaCity oi Oxford, in the Year 1605, and who wrote a Book in 4fp. 'X^**--
iddrtflcd to Tjcho Brahe, entituled, CapnuraniAJeu Comet. In AthetA
fublimationisrefutatio, coming from Denmark to his own Country,
went to vifit Merchifton at his own Houfe, where amongfl other
Difcourfcs, He told him of a new Invention in Denmark^ b/ Lon-

aqqqqq ^'^

r«) vide Vudiut derail. M>ilicnu(.P<£f ]»«4 .iO TU<H«VM(-fi''tt'< f*t*^ ^) FiliLiCnBlr Nt^ ftM. F*(e )k
(^^ Alkcn* Oi6m. V«J. f. P«(« 4<y,

JJi The Lift of JOHN NAJIEK, Bonn of Mcr chifton, Vol. l\[.

gomontanus, to favethe rcdious Cakulation by Multiplicatiort dnd

^ Divifion; and . Af<rr(r/>//7o;/ .having asked him what he knevfr of th^

•-^'S/^ Matter, he told him, That all he knew of it was, thjtt it. wis donij
by proportionable Numbers -. Napier taking the Hint from tbis,
defired him upon his Return to call upon himj which, after '(biifd
Weeks, Dr. Cr,t/^ coming to him, Merchifion fl»jwed him a^rudd
Draught of it, tliat lie called Canon miramis LogarithmorMmy whicM
Draught, with foiue Alterations, he printing in \6it^ It Qzmi.Uy
the Hands oi Henry Briggs, -and William Oughtred, twofaiboui
EngliJJ} Mathematicians; and both of them, confultirig about thd
pcrfe(fting oi it, thie former took a Journey into Scotlandi cd
confer with Napier about it ; and having received great Iniight
iTom him, he perufed the Matter, and in a few Weeks, aftcTf. put
forth two Books, after a more compendious Method : And this was
Mr. Griggs ylrithmetica Logarithmic a,, which he publiflied ac Lon^
Jon, in the Year 1624: And which, was afterwards rcvji)(ed,^xor*
ledtcd and augmented by uidrian Vlacq^ and published under, the
following Title.

eAriihmetica Logartthmica, five Logarithmorunt Chiliadcs fern
tnm pre nnmeris natttrali jerie cnfcentihs, ab unit ate ad icxXXXV
una cum Canone trmt^ulorum, feu tabula artifidalium Jtnuum \tarP-
gentiuyn ad Radfum iooooooo,Ooooo. (S" aa fingula Jcrupula pru
ntA quadrantis.

§lmbfti novum traditur compendium^ quo nullum nee admirithil'tm
nee uttliut, adfohenda pleraque problematA jirithmetica 0* Ceome^
trica.

Hot numiros primus invenit, ciarijfimtu vir, Joannes Neperusj
B^ro Merchiftonii, eos autem ex ejufdem fententia mutavitleorum*
que irtum, (^' ufum illuftravit, Henricus Briggius, in celebcrima^yic*
cademiaO)ion\cnC\ Profejjor Savilianus; Editio (ecunda auSa ^.
Adrianurn Vlacq, Goudanum- Goudx 1618.

N6w, as ro that Part of the Story, concerning Dr. C/aigs giving^
him the fitft Hint of this Invention, it is rejected -by all theM»»
thematicians, as a mere Fable, the folc .Glory of this Invention bc-»i
ing owing to himfelf

, Our, renown'd Author having thus eafed the Mathematicians of

e^iTf'hii their laborious Calculations, he in the next Place, contrived a rooft

NlXf"o& ingenious Divercifement, for all Gentlemen and Tradefinen, to

cimmonw'*' perfoini all Manner of Arithmetical Operations, by certain qua«

Vh\ft{^' drangular Columns, having proper Numbers written on all their

•°**^ lour Sides, and fcom their being commonly made in Bone: Thcj

arc called Merchiflons Bones, tho' they may be made in Timber,

Silver, or any other Sort of Mcttal : And in the Year 161"]^ hepub^

lilhed the Way how to make thefeRods.or Columns, and the

Manner and Method of ufing them, under the following Title,

Rabdologia feu numerationis per virguUs libri duo, cum appendice

de expedttiffimo multiplicattonif promptuario, quibus accejjify ^

Arithmetics localii, liber HniMt authore ^ invent or t^ Joanne Nepe-

ro,

Aa Ac.

VoL 111 f^^ Jnventer of the Logarithms* jlj

ipi 'Barwe Mdtchiiiouih Scotoi After which our Author lived not ^^f!f^,
lGDgy.»dying upon the third of Jpril the fame Year, in the 67th ^^^W
Yeaf- of his Age. »• i>««'k

iie^was twice married, and by his firft Wife Margaret Stirling^ ut.
Dau<*htef^to Sir James Stirling o( Kier^ he had that noble and
learned Gentlcmarr, Sir jirchibald Napier, who in the Reigns of
Kin*' James the VI. and King Charles the I. was one of the Lords
erf the priv7-Council, orte of the Senators of the College of Juflice,
Lord Thefaurer depute, Lord Juftiee Cleric, and advanced to the
Honour of Peerage, by the Title o( Lord Napier, upon the 4th of
Mayi6iJ. By his fecond Wife Jgnes Chijeholm, Daughter to Sii?
fames- Chifehotm oi Cromlix,- he had five Sons, John Napier oi
£aJie?-Torrie^ Robert, who publifhed his Father's Pofthumous
Works, and of whom are defcended the Napiers o( Ktlcrouh^
jlkxander of Gillets, William of Ardmore, and Adam, of whoni
aredelcended the Napiers of Black/lom, and five Daughters,. Mar-
karet married to James Stuart of Rojfayth, fean to fames Hamil-
ton of Ktlbrachmont, EUz^aheth to WtUtam Cunningham of Craig-
tndsy Agnesrio George Drummond oi Baloch, and Helen to the le-
rctend Mr. Matthew Birsl/ane, Parfon of Er skin (a).

Should I here let down all the Elogiums that have been given
to this renowned Author, by tlie Mathematicians of his own Age,
and by all thofe that have lived fincc his Time, I fhowld fwell
this Work to an immenfe Bulk, with necdlefs Repetitions; his very
Name is a fufficient Elogium, and will befuchaslong as the World
lafteth: Befides his Knowledge in the Mathematicks, he was a
Genileman who wa swell Teen in (he Lati^' arid Gr-eek Languages,
in the Roman snd Gracian Hiddhesi in the -Writings of the anci-
ent Fathers,- and Ecclefiaftical HiftorikYis; and' had with great Care
ftudied the Controverfies betwixt'us and tht Church of Rome.

CerardusVo^ius fpcakitig^of our Author's Writings, (ays f^), Vir

hfc urdicoj P^trus Ccugetus (c) Mathematic'us Dantifcanus (crihit

vtl oh id urticiimyjtutera'^eejj'ent immortali laude dignifmus exco^

githvit i numeros illos mir^mes qui Logarithmici dicuntAr, hoc eft

£>lumeri proportionum aut rationum indices^ aut, interpret e Kepler o,

incommunicalfilium proportionum communes menfur*; nsrrat deindc

Crugerus, quamgratus hie labor fuerit njiris dodis, in ^iV Benjami-

no Urfino, Joanni Keplero, Henrici Briggio, (S Adriano Vlad-

ca

Dr.rw//^, in the Life of Mr. Briggs, fpeaking of our Author, and
of the tfteem that that famous MacUematiciaftbad of him> gives lis
the following .\ccount, of the juft Efteem and Value that -was put
upoti him and his Performances, by the Icarnedcfl Men of that
Age (^)- Anno 1^14, Ed'mhuig^ prodiit rtobilipmi 'rJtri D Joannis
I^peri, Barents Merchiftoni, mirifici Logarfthmorum canonisdii*
jcrmtOy ejujaut u^m in utractue jtrigonometriai fit etiam in opni lo*^
gijtica Mathematua 4mplijjtrm factUimi i^'txpedftiftrnt'explicdti^

gq^ggq^ ^"^

514 The Life of JOHN NAPIER, 2aron of Mcrchiaon, Vol. ill.

Tercrebnit olim farna^ licet inccrtai de cujus 'veritatewento dtibit<n>
5C?«?^ dum' "JidetHr. '/). Cragium, SLOtiim, e D^i)\^ reducem, (jho temper t
*'^v*^-' illpim honoris ^ itmicittix. caufa tnvtfebat, eriarrajfe Cliriflianum Lon-
gomontaniiin methodHw tnvemjfey njel Jaltetn de nova mithodo tnve-
niendt, qua nnnjcrofs perplexaqHC multtf>licatiories ^ Diviforitr,
qHarnm ufiu in yljlronomicis Jupbutationibw haHeuns, mn fmt j^tr/i*
mo ttidio (^ laborc obtinnit, in breve compendium factll opera rediai
pojjunt, tdque proper tionalium numerorum ope, (elitituw ejje. lllud
qui'Jeni fertal},c ilti Jummtfque Ajirenomis-. joanni MiiUcro, Relics
montaiio, Nicolao Copernico, Tychoni Biaclia-o, alhjqtie qmb/fj
lOiHpcrtijsiniam cmt, AJlrenomiam, abjque accuratijsifna dodrmA Tri-
iiiigiilormn cognitmic, non pojfe injlaurariy mcxiwe.in.votts ^ opta^
its ftiijfe videtHr ; ^ fi quid hac ex parte conarentHr, pojl -f^iijlra
tent (it as invcfligationes pro deplorato habitmn, ^ qiuifi jupra huma-^
num capttim, vix ingenio ^ Jolertia cujufquam juperandum abjecijje.
aAn vero (^uicqi4am Jimile, ant quovis modo analo?Hm^ hac ex parte
prtifliterit celelerriwus tile Tyclionis dijcipulusy miter fanu in (e, ex
fcriptis cditis ^ inventis, dcrivandi, cupidijsimus, nulltbt ab illo me-
moratum re^erio. Invent urn hoc prorfus mirabile, ccelefii ingenio Ne-
peii linice ?>ebetitr ; fplcndidifsimo autem titulo optime ^ plcnifsime
refvondet aureus tfte Liber, pr^iflatque quod tile, in Epifiola ad Sere-
nijsimHm Caroluni, Walline Frmctpem, imicumque Regis Jacobi I,
filium, Dedicator ia, vere ^ abfque omni jaiiantia fpQpc»/erat, , ut
illiiis ad/hinicnlo plttres quxjliones Mathematics unitis horn fpattq,
quam, priflina ^ comrntmiter recepta forma Sintmm, Tangentiunt
Cr" Secantitim, vel integro die abfolvantur.

§luimprimiim comparnit Liber, prxclarifsimi quidam oSHathema-
tict, viz.: Beiijaminus Uifinus, Joannes Keplerus, Frobenius, B2n,C-
cliiiis, (irrepta hac expedita ^ compendiaria Logifitca, nondumque in
meliorsm rncthodiim reda^ia, quam [ecuttjunt, t Hum magna cum honty-
re exce^erunt ; fed nemo magis quam Biiggius nojler, qui Canonem^
res tanias paucis pagi/lis adeo fubtiliter ^ artificioje complexum, in
omnem partem verfavit, ^ etiam ac Ji ipje proprio marte,,invenij]ety
in profundiora illius arcana penetravit, hunc in deliciis habuit, in ft-
nu, in ynanibus, in petlore gejlavit, oculifque avidifsimt! ^ mente
attentifsima, iterum iterumque per legit. Ltteris ad Vlki'mm fcriptis
(a), nullum Ltbrum ipft ?nelius piacutjj'e, animumquc uberiori perjudif-
je voluptatc^ ut in verier em exceljt au£loris ingenii, cut nihil im-
pervium ant tnacceijum videbatur, admirationem abripuijje jerio
pro/ejjus. Hinc in illo illuftrando, novil que augment is in ultimum
perfedionis fiatum provehendo, aUt in muJAO- aut in le^o om-
nes cogit at tones advert it, nee fludia am fruiluojius, aut pulchrwf, aut
glortoftus, quam in hoc pr/ictarifsimo infittnto, ceteris vice •^-ffn-"
deinccps habendis impendi po\]e duxit. Hunc familian apud amicos
Jermone (ummis laudtbus ext'ulit. Hunc auditoribus fuis ex cathedra
explicavit, interim re accuratifsime, ^ jape (apius quidem pervenfa^
longe commodius juturum judicavit : ft pauxiUa mutatione admijfa.

I'J VideEpift. J«. P. j6. in 5y!lPB, £f ift, -UlIctiiUiiDp,. Loiiilmi. 1616.

Vol; IL. the Jnvfmtr of the Logarithms,

m

i;lO,eJl'eiZogarithTnw^VnitatU,totiHsver^ looo, de quaUtem

0hfcc{uil flehis inijentoremmomit.' Nee hoc offciofo ajfeau contents,
^roxima £tate, .anno vizj. MDCXVl, ut coUoquiis (J a]pe6fu illiits v-VV
■friiiiretur r-deinde etiam iterum, fequente anno, in Scotiani contendtt^
tertiumotit profeCiurus, niflD. Neoeri mon intervenijjet, de hifce com-
^nmth'ns Jludtis elahordndii, fimul cum illo confultaturus. hie dum
fer integndm rrienlem, otnrii ckm humanitate ace^eptus moram feceraty
dcMa-^mtis'^n epijlpld meminijjet mutatione^ D. Neperum in illius
fentcniiai^y prompt ipmq ajfenfu cone (dent em^ idem dudum jenfi^e gra-
iulatus ejl, coram dicentem Je, quo minus tftos numeros reformarety
valetudtne ^ negotiis impeditum fuijje , quod ille, anno proximo, in
Trafatione Rhaldologi^y EdinbuVgi, MDCXVII cditx^ faciendum
montot.

A great many Elogiums of this Nature, as I have faid, I could
amafs together, were it needful ; fo I fhall conclude with two Po-
ems in Commendation of our Author, compofed by Mr .zAndreio
Toungy Profertbr of Philofophy in the College ot Edinburgh : The
firft prdfix'd to his Rhabdotogyy and the other, to his Ldgarithmt*

i^ultiplicare jwVAt numeros 'vel [cinderey LeHori
Vt jaSlus Jul/ito prodeat atque quotus :

Vel f ^Ifiadrati radicem, aut nofcere Cuhi

Schematis, hac proprium conflet ut arte Uttts t
Si've Ceometricaj^ 'VJS' menjurare fif^uras ;

Hic dijces ceUrem perfacilemque viam.

Aliud,

Buchanane, //^/Neperum adfcijci Jodalem}
Floreat (^ mjtris Scotfa mjlra, viris :

Nam yelut ad fummum eji culmen perduifa PoeJtSy
Sic etiam ad fummum e/i culmen perdudfa Mathe/ti;
Inque hoc flat, nee quo progredtatur hahet.

The Catalogue of his Works.

A Plain Difcovery of the whole Revelation of St, fohn, fet ddwn
in Two Trcatifes : The One, fearching and proying the true
Interpretation thereof j the Other, applying the fame Para-
phrafticaUy and Hiftorically to the Text. JBdtdurghy hf And-
rewHarty 159J, irt a^o.

II RhaUologid, fef4 Numerationis perVtrguUsy Lihri dudr Edin-
burgiy Bxcudtbat Andraos Hart, 1^17, tn ilmo*

R r I r r r UL

•>16

The Life of J OHN NAPIER, ^c.

Vol. UL

III. >fr. Rol^ert Natter, his Son, aher his Father's Death, publi-
fhed ac Edtnburgh,

1. Mtrtfict tffius Canonis Con/lrudio, ^ Logarithnmum nd nmft"
raUs tp forum nttmeros habit udmes.

2. Jppendix de alia atque prAJiantiore Log4rithm6rum Jpide (m-
firuendii ; tn qua fcUtcet Vmtatts Logaatthmus efl q.

2. Propofit tones quxdam emtntnttftmA, ad Triangula SphiTtfami^
rA factltfote rejohenda. ^dtnbhrgi, l6l<)^ tn J^o.